Tunnel health monitoring system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel monitoring, in particular to a tunnel health monitoring system which comprises a first monitoring unit used for monitoring stress of a tunnel structure, a second monitoring unit used for monitoring deviation of a tunnel axis, a third monitoring unit used for monitoring tunnel settlement and a fourth monitoring unit used for monitoring a tunnel pipe section connector. And a data processing center. The data processing center is in communication connection with the first monitoring unit, the second monitoring unit, the third monitoring unit and the fourth monitoring unit. According to the utility model, a plurality of monitoring devices are integrated, a plurality of monitoring units are configured, and the monitoring units comprise a first monitoring unit used for monitoring the stress of a tunnel structure, a second monitoring unit used for monitoring the deviation of a tunnel axis, a third monitoring unit used for monitoring tunnel settlement and a fourth monitoring unit used for monitoring a tunnel pipe section joint. And the data processing center is in communication connection with each monitoring unit so as to realize real-time monitoring of various tunnel health monitoring items.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel monitoring technology, and in particular to a tunnel health monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Immersed tunnels are tunnels built into the bottom of rivers or lakes, primarily for connecting the two banks. The construction method involves prefabricating tunnel sections on the riverbank, then sinking them into pre-excavated trenches, and finally joining them together to form a complete tunnel structure. Immersed tunnels offer advantages such as relatively short construction periods and minimal environmental impact, making them suitable for cities or regions with numerous rivers and lakes.

[0003] Inland river immersed tunnels are usually located in complex underwater environments and are affected by various natural factors such as water flow impact, silt deposition, and corrosion. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the structural status of the tunnel in real time, detect potential safety hazards in a timely manner, and prevent accidents from occurring.

[0004] The environment in which an inland river immersed tunnel is located may change with the seasons, such as changes in water level and temperature fluctuations, which may affect the tunnel structure. During the operation of an inland river immersed tunnel, it is necessary to ensure the tunnel's ability to adapt to changes in the external environment and ensure its long-term stable operation.

[0005] In conclusion, conducting full life-cycle health monitoring of inland river immersed tunnels during their operation is of paramount importance for ensuring the safe, efficient, and sustainable development of the tunnels.

[0006] Health monitoring helps managers understand the actual usage status of tunnels, providing a basis for developing reasonable maintenance plans. For example, monitoring data can assess which parts require reinforcement or repair, thus avoiding unnecessary over-maintenance or under-maintenance. Effective health monitoring can predict and resolve potential failures in advance, reducing traffic disruptions caused by emergencies and minimizing socioeconomic losses. Simultaneously, scientific maintenance strategies can effectively extend the tunnel's lifespan and improve the return on investment.

[0007] Tunnel health monitoring requires monitoring a wide range of items; however, the existing tunnel health monitoring equipment has relatively limited monitoring capabilities and cannot fully meet the needs of tunnel health monitoring. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing tunnel health monitoring equipment, which has limited monitoring content and cannot fully meet the needs of tunnel health monitoring, and to provide a tunnel health monitoring system.

[0009] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a tunnel health monitoring system. The health monitoring system includes at least: a first monitoring unit for monitoring the stress on the tunnel structure, a second monitoring unit for monitoring the tunnel axis offset, a third monitoring unit for monitoring tunnel settlement, a fourth monitoring unit for monitoring tunnel pipe joints, and a data processing center. The data processing center is communicatively connected to the first monitoring unit, the second monitoring unit, the third monitoring unit, and the fourth monitoring unit, respectively.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the first monitoring unit includes: a plurality of concrete strain gauges, a plurality of steel reinforcement stress gauges, and a plurality of fiber optic demodulators. The concrete strain gauges are disposed at the center of the tunnel roof and floor slabs, and on the tunnel surface. The steel reinforcement stress gauges are disposed on the outermost main reinforcement bars of the tunnel reinforcement cage. One end of each fiber optic demodulator is communicatively connected to the concrete strain gauges and / or the steel reinforcement stress gauges, and the other end is communicatively connected to the data processing center. The concrete strain gauges and the steel reinforcement stress gauges are flush, forming a monitoring section for monitoring the tunnel structure. The monitoring section includes the roof slab, side walls, floor slab, and central partition wall.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the concrete strain gauge includes an embedded strain gauge and an exposed strain gauge. The embedded strain gauge is disposed at the bottom of the reinforcing steel at the test point, and the embedded strain gauge is equipped with a temperature compensation gauge. The exposed strain gauge is disposed on the concrete surface; wherein, the contact surface between the exposed strain gauge and the concrete is provided with thermally conductive silicone.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, several detection channels are set on each monitoring section, and several concrete strain gauges and several steel stress gauges are connected in series on each detection channel.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the communication connection is a wired communication connection implemented through a communication optical cable; a protective tube is provided outside the communication optical cable.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the second monitoring unit includes a total station. During the monitoring of tunnel axis offset, observers use the total station to observe the tunnel axis offset and record the tunnel axis offset data, then upload the tunnel axis offset data to the data processing center.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the third monitoring unit includes a plurality of precision levels. The precision levels are mounted on a side wall near the tunnel section port and are communicatively connected to the data processing center.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, the fourth monitoring unit includes at least: a first displacement gauge for monitoring the opening size of the tunnel segment joint; a static level for monitoring uneven settlement of the tunnel segment joint; a second displacement gauge for monitoring the relative displacement of the tunnel segment joint; and a first demodulator for converting the sensor data. The first demodulator is communicatively connected to the first displacement gauge, the static level, and the second displacement gauge, respectively. The first displacement gauge, the static level, and the second displacement gauge are flush with each other at the joint. The first demodulator is also communicatively connected to the data processing center.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the fourth monitoring unit further includes a thin-film pressure sensor for monitoring the force on the shear key of the tunnel segment joint. The thin-film pressure sensor is disposed on the shear key connection end face of the tunnel segment; and the thin-film pressure sensor is communicatively connected to the data processing center. The thin-film pressure sensor includes a first thin-film pressure sensor for monitoring the force on the vertical shear key and a second thin-film pressure sensor for monitoring the force on the horizontal shear key.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the health monitoring system further includes a protective housing. The protective housing covers the surface-mounted sensor.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] This invention integrates multiple monitoring devices and is equipped with several monitoring units, including: a first monitoring unit for monitoring the stress on the tunnel structure, a second monitoring unit for monitoring the tunnel axis offset, a third monitoring unit for monitoring tunnel settlement, and a fourth monitoring unit for monitoring tunnel pipe joints. A data processing center communicates with each monitoring unit to achieve real-time monitoring of various tunnel health monitoring items. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a network topology diagram of a tunnel health monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring section of a monitoring tunnel structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the first displacement meter, static level, and second displacement meter in a tunnel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the first displacement meter, the static level, and the second displacement meter in a tunnel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a first thin-film pressure sensor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of the second thin-film pressure sensor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Marked in the image:

[0028] First monitoring unit 100, second monitoring unit 200, third monitoring unit 300, fourth monitoring unit 400, data processing center 500, concrete strain gauge 110, several steel bar stress gauges 120, fiber optic grating demodulator 130, embedded strain gauge 111, exposed strain gauge 112, total station 210, precision level 310, first displacement gauge 410, static level 420, second displacement gauge 430, first demodulator 440, thin-film pressure sensor 450, first thin-film pressure sensor 451, second thin-film pressure sensor 452. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of this utility model is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the utility model solution or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0031] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0032] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0033] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this utility model, "several", "multiple", and "several" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0034] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "equipped with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] This embodiment provides a tunnel health monitoring system. See also... Figure 1 The health monitoring system may include: a first monitoring unit 100 for monitoring the stress on the tunnel structure, a second monitoring unit 200 for monitoring the tunnel axis offset, a third monitoring unit 300 for monitoring tunnel settlement, a fourth monitoring unit 400 for monitoring tunnel pipe joints, and a data processing center 500. The data processing center 500 is communicatively connected to the first monitoring unit 100, the second monitoring unit 200, the third monitoring unit 300, and the fourth monitoring unit 400, respectively.

[0037] The first monitoring unit 100 includes: several concrete strain gauges 110, several steel reinforcement stress gauges 120, and several fiber optic demodulators 130. One end of each fiber optic demodulator 130 is communicatively connected to the concrete strain gauges 110 and / or the steel reinforcement stress gauges 120, and the other end is communicatively connected to the data processing center 500. The concrete strain gauges 110 include embedded strain gauges 111 and exposed strain gauges 112.

[0038] The second monitoring unit 200 includes a total station 210. During the monitoring of tunnel axis offset, observers use the total station 210 to observe and record the tunnel axis offset data, and then upload the data to the data processing center 500. Preferably, the observers are equipped with mobile terminals such as tablets or smartphones. The mobile terminal is communicatively connected to the data processing center 500. During the monitoring of tunnel axis offset, the observers upload the observed tunnel axis offset data to the data processing center 500 via the mobile terminal.

[0039] The third monitoring unit 300 includes several precision levels 310. The precision levels 310 are installed on the side wall near the tunnel section port and are communicatively connected to the data processing center 500.

[0040] The fourth monitoring unit 400 includes at least: a first displacement meter 410 for monitoring the opening size of the tunnel segment joint; a static level 420 for monitoring uneven settlement of the tunnel segment joint; a second displacement meter 430 for monitoring the horizontal relative displacement of the tunnel segment joint; and a first demodulator 440 for converting the sensor data. The first demodulator 440 is communicatively connected to the first displacement meter 410, the static level 420, and the second displacement meter 430, respectively.

[0041] The fourth monitoring unit 400 further includes a thin-film pressure sensor 450 for monitoring the force on the shear keys of the tunnel segment joint. The thin-film pressure sensor 450 is communicatively connected to the data processing center 500. The thin-film pressure sensor 450 includes a first thin-film pressure sensor 451 for monitoring the force on the vertical shear keys and a second thin-film pressure sensor 452 for monitoring the force on the horizontal shear keys.

[0042] Preferably, the first monitoring unit 100 is configured with a plurality of monitoring sections for monitoring the tunnel structure. Each monitoring section is equipped with a plurality of concrete strain gauges 110 and steel stress gauges 120.

[0043] Preferably, the tunnel involved in this embodiment has a cross-section, such as... Figure 2 As shown. See also Figure 2Preferably, on the monitoring section, the concrete strain gauge 110 and the steel reinforcement stress gauge 120 are flush-mounted on the same monitoring section. The monitoring section includes the top slab, side walls, bottom slab, and central partition wall. See also Figure 2 In this embodiment, the tunnel is a dual-channel tunnel, with the two channels separated by a central partition wall. Preferably, the two channels are designated as a first channel and a second channel.

[0044] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 Preferably, the concrete strain gauge 110 includes a pre-embedded strain gauge 111 and an exposed strain gauge 112.

[0045] See Figure 2 On one monitoring section, four embedded strain gauges 111 are configured, respectively located in the middle of the top and bottom plates of the two channels. Specifically, the four embedded strain gauges 111 are: the first embedded strain gauge C1 located in the middle of the top plate of the first channel, the second embedded strain gauge C2 located in the middle of the top plate of the second channel, the third embedded strain gauge C3 located in the middle of the bottom plate of the first channel, and the fourth embedded strain gauge C4 located in the middle of the bottom plate of the second channel.

[0046] Preferably, the embedded strain gauge 111 is a fiber optic strain gauge. Preferably, the model of the embedded strain gauge 111 is BGK-FBG4200T.

[0047] See Figure 2 Nine exposed strain gauges 112 are configured on one monitoring section. The installation locations of the exposed strain gauges 112 include: the connection between the top plate and the central partition wall of two channels, the connection between the bottom plate and the central partition wall of two channels, the middle surface of one side of the central partition wall, the connection between the side wall and the top plate of one channel, and the connection between the side wall and the bottom plate of one channel. Specifically, the nine exposed strain gauges 112 are: the first exposed strain gauge C11 located at the connection between the side wall and the top plate of the first passage and close to the side wall; the second exposed strain gauge C12 located at the connection between the top plate and the central partition wall of the first passage and close to the top plate; the third exposed strain gauge C13 located at the connection between the top plate and the central partition wall of the first passage and close to the central partition wall; the fourth exposed strain gauge C21 located at the connection between the top plate and the central partition wall of the second passage and close to the top plate; the fifth exposed strain gauge C31 located at the connection between the bottom plate and the central partition wall of the first passage and close to the bottom plate; the sixth exposed strain gauge C32 located at the connection between the bottom plate and the side wall of the first passage and close to the bottom plate; the seventh exposed strain gauge C41 located on one side of the second passage and on the middle surface of the central partition wall; the eighth exposed strain gauge C42 located at the connection between the bottom plate and the central partition wall of the second passage and close to the central partition wall; and the ninth exposed strain gauge C43 located at the connection between the bottom plate and the central partition wall of the second passage and close to the bottom plate.

[0048] Preferably, the exposed strain gauge 112 is a fiber Bragg grating strain gauge, and the exposed strain gauge 112 is equipped with a temperature compensation gauge. The exposed strain gauge 112 can be a fiber Bragg grating strain gauge with temperature compensation. Preferably, the exposed strain gauge 111 is model BGK-FBG4000T.

[0049] Preferably, the steel stress gauge 120 is installed on the outermost main reinforcement bar of the tunnel reinforcement cage. See also Figure 2 On one monitoring section, 15 rebar stress gauges 120 are configured. Preferably, the rebar stress gauge 120 is model BGK-FBG4911.

[0050] Preferably, four detection channels are provided on the monitoring section, and each detection channel is connected in series with several concrete strain gauges 110 and several steel stress gauges 120.

[0051] Preferably, a first detection channel is formed by connecting a concrete strain gauge 110 and a steel reinforcement stress gauge 120 in series, located in or near the top plate of the first channel. Preferably, a second detection channel is formed by connecting a concrete strain gauge 110 and a steel reinforcement stress gauge 120 in series, located in or near the top plate of the second channel. Preferably, a third detection channel is formed by connecting a concrete strain gauge 110 and a steel reinforcement stress gauge 120 in series, located in or near the bottom plate of the first channel. Preferably, a fourth detection channel is formed by connecting a concrete strain gauge 110 and a steel reinforcement stress gauge 120 in series, located in or near the bottom plate of the second channel.

[0052] Preferably, the four detection channels can be uniformly connected to the data processing center 500 via the fiber Bragg grating demodulator 130. Alternatively, the four detection channels can be connected to the data processing center 500 separately via different fiber Bragg grating demodulators 130.

[0053] The fourth monitoring unit 400 includes at least: a first displacement meter 410 for monitoring the opening size of the tunnel segment joint; a static level 420 for monitoring uneven settlement of the tunnel segment joint; a second displacement meter 430 for monitoring the horizontal relative displacement of the tunnel segment joint; and a first demodulator 440 for converting the sensor data. The first demodulator 440 is communicatively connected to the first displacement meter 410, the static level 420, and the second displacement meter 430, respectively.

[0054] Preferably, the first displacement gauge 410 can be a longitudinal displacement gauge, used to monitor the opening size of the tunnel segment joint. Preferably, the static level 420 is used to monitor uneven settlement of the tunnel segment joint. Preferably, the second displacement gauge 430 can be a transverse displacement gauge, used to monitor the horizontal relative displacement of the tunnel segment joint.

[0055] See Figure 3and Figure 4 Preferably, the first displacement gauge 410, the static level 420, and the second displacement gauge 430 are arranged flush with each other at the pipe section connection. Preferably, the first displacement gauge 410 is positioned above the static level 420 and the second displacement gauge 430. Preferably, the second displacement gauge 430 is positioned above the static level 420.

[0056] The first demodulator 412 is also communicatively connected to the data processing center 500. The fourth monitoring unit 400 further includes a thin-film pressure sensor 450 for monitoring the force on the shear key of the tunnel segment joint. The thin-film pressure sensor 450 is disposed on the shear key connection end face of the tunnel segment; and the thin-film pressure sensor 450 is communicatively connected to the data processing center 500.

[0057] See Figure 5 and Figure 6 The shear keys of the tunnel segment include vertical shear keys and horizontal shear keys. The membrane pressure sensor 450 includes a first membrane pressure sensor 451 and a second membrane pressure sensor 452. The first membrane pressure sensor 451 is disposed on the connecting end face of the vertical shear key of the tunnel segment and is used to monitor the force on the vertical shear key. The second membrane pressure sensor 452 is disposed on the connecting end face of the horizontal shear key of the tunnel segment and is used to monitor the force on the horizontal shear key.

[0058] Preferably, all surface-mounted sensors are equipped with protective boxes. The surface-mounted sensors include surface-mounted strain gauges 112, first displacement gauges 410, static levels 420, second displacement gauges 430, and other data sensing devices installed on the tunnel surface.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A tunnel health monitoring system, characterized in that, At least including: The system includes a first monitoring unit (100) for monitoring the stress on the tunnel structure, a second monitoring unit (200) for monitoring the offset of the tunnel axis, a third monitoring unit (300) for monitoring the settlement of the tunnel, a fourth monitoring unit (400) for monitoring the joints of the tunnel pipe sections, and a data processing center (500). The data processing center (500) is communicatively connected to the first monitoring unit (100), the second monitoring unit (200), the third monitoring unit (300), and the fourth monitoring unit (400), respectively.

2. The tunnel health monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first monitoring unit (100) includes: a plurality of concrete strain gauges (110), a plurality of steel bar stress gauges (120), and a plurality of fiber optic demodulators (130); Several of the concrete strain gauges (110) are disposed in the center of the interior of the tunnel roof and floor slabs, and on the tunnel surface; Several of the aforementioned steel reinforcement stress gauges (120) are installed on the outermost main reinforcement bars of the tunnel reinforcement cage; Several of the fiber optic grating demodulators (130) are connected at one end to the concrete strain gauge (110) and / or the steel bar stress gauge (120) and at the other end to the data processing center (500). The concrete strain gauge (110) and the steel bar stress gauge (120) are set flush to form a monitoring section for monitoring the tunnel structure.

3. The tunnel health monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The concrete strain gauge (110) includes a pre-embedded strain gauge (111) and an exposed strain gauge (112); The embedded strain gauge (111) is installed in the center of the tunnel top and bottom slabs, and the embedded strain gauge (111) is equipped with a temperature compensation gauge; The exposed strain gauge (112) is installed on the concrete surface; wherein, the contact surface between the exposed strain gauge (112) and the concrete is provided with thermally conductive silicone.

4. A tunnel health monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Several detection channels are set on each monitoring section, and several concrete strain gauges (110) and several steel stress gauges (120) are connected in series on each detection channel.

5. A tunnel health monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The communication connection is a wired communication connection achieved through a communication optical cable; a protective tube is installed outside the communication optical cable.

6. A tunnel health monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second monitoring unit (200) includes: a total station (210).

7. A tunnel health monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third monitoring unit (300) includes: a plurality of precision levels (310); The precision level (310) is installed on the side wall near the tunnel section port, and the precision level (310) is communicatively connected to the data processing center (500).

8. A tunnel health monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fourth monitoring unit (400) includes at least: The first displacement gauge (410) is used to monitor the opening size of the joints in tunnel sections. A static level (420) used to monitor uneven settlement of tunnel joints. A second displacement gauge (430) is used to monitor the relative displacement of tunnel pipe joints. A first demodulator (440) for converting sensor data; The first demodulator (440) is communicatively connected to the first displacement meter (410), the static level (420), and the second displacement meter (430); The first displacement gauge (410), the static level (420), and the second displacement gauge (430) are arranged flush at the pipe section connection. The first demodulator (440) is also communicatively connected to the data processing center (500).

9. A tunnel health monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fourth monitoring unit (400) further includes: a thin-film pressure sensor (450) for monitoring the force on the shear key of the tunnel segment joint; The thin-film pressure sensor (450) is disposed on the shear key connection end face of the tunnel section; and the thin-film pressure sensor (450) is communicatively connected to the data processing center (500); The thin-film pressure sensor (450) includes: a first thin-film pressure sensor (451) for monitoring the force on the vertical shear key, and a second thin-film pressure sensor (452) for monitoring the force on the horizontal shear key.

10. A tunnel health monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a protective box; the protective box covers the surface-mounted sensor.

Images