Single-chip microcomputer practical training teaching development system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of single-chip microcomputers, in particular to a single-chip microcomputer practical training teaching development system. The system comprises a USB downloading circuit, the USB downloading circuit is electrically connected with a main controller, and the USB downloading circuit is used for downloading programs and providing a data channel for the main controller; the relay driving circuit is electrically connected with the main controller; the D / A conversion circuit is electrically connected with the main controller; the storage circuit is electrically connected with the main controller; the two direct current motor control circuits are electrically connected with the main controller; the encoder data acquisition circuit is electrically connected with the main controller; the illumination intensity detection circuit is electrically connected with the main controller; the high-power LED driving circuit is electrically connected with the main controller; and the high-power LED driving circuit is used for realizing light emission of a high-brightness LED. According to the utility model, the problems of limited peripheral resources, single function and poor design autonomy caused by a latch expansion interface of a single-chip microcomputer practical training teaching development system in the prior art are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of single-chip microcomputer, and specifically relates to a single-chip microcomputer practical training teaching development system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In traditional single-chip microcomputer teaching, students usually need to prepare single-chip microcomputer chips, programmers, power supplies, various peripheral circuit modules (such as display modules, key modules, sensor modules, etc.) and related connection lines and other hardware devices. These devices come from different suppliers, and the interfaces and specifications are not unified. When students set up practical training circuits, they need to spend a lot of time to familiarize themselves with the characteristics and connection methods of each device, which is prone to connection errors, leading to difficult debugging and affecting teaching efficiency.

[0003] In single-chip microcomputer practical training teaching, students need to constantly try new circuit designs and programming methods through practical operation, cultivate innovative thinking and the ability to solve practical problems. However, traditional teaching modes and devices are difficult to provide an open and flexible innovation practice platform, limiting the creativity and imagination of students.

[0004] Some single-chip microcomputer practical training teaching systems on the market integrate some hardware modules, but the functions are relatively single, and can only complete some simple experimental projects, such as flowing water lamp, digital tube display, key control, etc. Although these experimental projects can help students master the basic programming method of single-chip microcomputer and I / O port operation, they cannot meet the needs of students for complex system design and comprehensive application ability training.

[0005] The hardware architecture and software design of some practical training teaching systems lack scalability, and students cannot upgrade and expand the system according to their own ideas and needs. When students want to add new functional modules or try new technologies, they may be limited by system hardware interfaces, software drivers, etc., and cannot proceed smoothly. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0006] In view of the problems of limited peripheral resources, single function and poor design autonomy caused by latch expansion interface in the existing single-chip microcomputer practical training teaching development system in the prior art, the utility model provides a single-chip microcomputer practical training teaching development system.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a single-chip microcomputer practical training teaching development system, which comprises:

[0008] The USB download circuit is electrically connected with the main controller, the USB download circuit is used for program download, and provides a data channel for the main controller; the relay drive circuit is electrically connected with the main controller, the relay drive circuit is used for signal conversion and driving an external AC / DC high-power load; the D / A conversion circuit is electrically connected with the main controller, the D / A conversion circuit is used for converting a digital signal into an analog signal and monitoring the voltage of an external power supply to realize under-voltage protection; the storage circuit is electrically connected with the main controller, the storage circuit is used for storing data information collected by the main controller; the two-way DC motor control circuit is electrically connected with the main controller, the two-way DC motor control circuit is used for realizing different rotating speeds and different rotating directions of different motors; the encoder data acquisition circuit is electrically connected with the main controller, the encoder data acquisition circuit is used for simulating the rotating speed and the rotating direction of a motor, adjusting the working mode of a peripheral device and sending data to the main controller; the illumination intensity detection circuit is electrically connected with the main controller, the illumination intensity detection circuit is used for detecting illumination intensity and sending data to the main controller; and the high-power LED drive circuit is electrically connected with the main controller, the high-power LED drive circuit is used for receiving information sent by the main controller and realizing the light emission of a high-brightness LED. The main controller is electrically connected with multiple sub-circuits, so that different design projects can be cooperatively completed between the sub-circuits, and the design autonomy is enhanced.

[0009] Optionally, the main controller comprises an enhanced 8-bit 51 single-chip microcomputer with a model number of IAP15W4K61S4. The single-chip microcomputer is used as the core controller of the main control module, so that it is more convenient to integrate other sub-circuits,

[0010] Optionally, the USB download circuit comprises a MicroUSB interface J2 and a USB bus adapter chip U2 with a model number of CH340N; the interface J2 is electrically connected with the chip U2, and the chip U2 is electrically connected with the RXD end and the TXD end of the single-chip microcomputer. The USB bus adapter chip is used for interface conversion, and the compatibility of the utility model is increased.

[0011] Optionally, the relay drive circuit comprises a relay unit, a PNP triode Q1, a resistor R6, a resistor R4, a light-emitting diode D6 and a diode D5; a branch in which the resistor R6 and the light-emitting diode D6 are connected in series is connected in parallel with the light-emitting diode D5 and the relay unit, and the base of the PNP triode Q1 is electrically connected with the P05 end of the single-chip microcomputer through the resistor R4. The utility model utilizes the relay to convert signals and amplify power, realizes the electrical isolation between the single-chip microcomputer and a controlled target, and can effectively protect the single-chip microcomputer.

[0012] Optionally, the two-channel DC motor control circuit includes a DC motor driver chip U5 (model TB6612FNG), interface P2, and interface P3; interface P2 and interface P3 are electrically connected to chip U5, and chip U5 is electrically connected to the PWMA, PWMB, AIN1, AIN2, BIN1, and BIN2 terminals of the microcontroller. This invention utilizes a microcontroller and two-channel DC motor control circuits to achieve different rotations of different motors on a target object, enabling flexible control of different motors.

[0013] Optionally, the encoder data acquisition circuit includes an encoder unit P4 and a switching unit SW2; the switching unit SW2 is electrically connected to the P32, P33, INT1, and INT0 terminals of the microcontroller, and the encoder unit P4 is electrically connected to the P32 and P33 terminals of the microcontroller. This invention utilizes a microcontroller to adjust the operating mode of peripheral devices through the encoder data acquisition circuit.

[0014] Optionally, the high-power LED driving circuit includes an LED driver chip U8, diodes D8 and D9, a light-emitting diode D10, a resistor R20, and a potentiometer RP1. Diodes D8 and D9 are connected in series, the LED terminal of chip U8 is grounded through the light-emitting diode D10, the potentiometer RP1 and resistor R20 are connected in series, and chip U8 is electrically connected to the P35 terminal of the microcontroller. This invention utilizes the driver chip to provide a stable current to the light-emitting diode, improving the stability of the light-emitting diode's operation.

[0015] Optionally, the light intensity detection circuit includes a photoresistor R10 and a potentiometer RP2; the photoresistor R10 is grounded through the potentiometer RP2, and the junction of the photoresistor R10 and the potentiometer RP2 is electrically connected to the CMP terminal of the single-chip microcomputer. This invention utilizes a photoresistor to detect light intensity and increases the accuracy of the photoresistor's operation by using the output signal of the potentiometer calibration circuit.

[0016] Optionally, the D / A conversion circuit is electrically connected to the PWMB terminal of the microcontroller. This invention smooths and filters the PWM signal output by the microcontroller to obtain a stable analog voltage at the testing end.

[0017] Optionally, the storage circuit includes an AT24C512 memory chip U6, resistors R11 and R12; the chip U6 is electrically connected to the P22 and P23 terminals of the microcontroller, the P22 terminal of the microcontroller is electrically connected to resistor R11, and the P23 terminal of the microcontroller is electrically connected to resistor R12. This establishes a stable data transmission channel between the microcontroller and the memory. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the microcontroller in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a USB download circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of an independent button in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of a matrix keyboard according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of an OLED display according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a relay drive circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the audible and visual alarm according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of the D / A conversion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a real-time clock circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 11 This is a circuit diagram for acceleration and angular velocity measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 12 This is a storage circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 13 This is a circuit diagram of a 2.4GHz wireless transmission circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 14 This is a circuit diagram of a two-channel DC motor control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 15 This is a circuit diagram of the encoder data acquisition circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 16 This is a Bluetooth transmission circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 17 This is a circuit diagram of the light intensity detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 18 This is a circuit diagram of the ultrasonic ranging circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 19 This is a stepper motor control circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0037] Figure 20 This is an infrared temperature measurement circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 21 This is a high-power LED driver circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 22 This is a circuit diagram of the GPS / BDS data acquisition circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 23 This is a circuit diagram of a two-way servo motor control system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the utility model. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of this utility model. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to implement this utility model. In other instances, well-known circuits, software, or methods have not been specifically described in order to avoid obscuring the utility model.

[0042] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "in an embodiment," "in an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable combination and / or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0043] To address the limitations of existing microcontroller training and development systems, such as limited peripheral resources, single-function design, and poor design autonomy due to reliance on latches for expansion interfaces, one embodiment of this utility model is as follows: Figure 1As shown, a microcontroller training and development system includes: a USB download circuit electrically connected to a main controller, used for program download and providing a data channel for the main controller; an independent button circuit electrically connected to the main controller, used for switching the working mode of a target object; a matrix keyboard circuit electrically connected to the main controller, used for switching the working mode of different controlled objects; an OLED display circuit electrically connected to the main controller, used for displaying information; a relay drive circuit electrically connected to the main controller, used for signal conversion and driving external AC / DC high-power loads; an audible and visual alarm circuit electrically connected to the main controller, used for alarm prompts; a D / A conversion circuit electrically connected to the main controller, used for converting digital signals to analog signals and monitoring the voltage of the external power supply to achieve undervoltage protection; a real-time clock circuit electrically connected to the main controller, used for starting peripheral devices; and an acceleration and angular velocity measurement circuit electrically connected to the main controller, used for monitoring the physical balance of the object. A storage circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the storage circuit is used to store data information collected by the main controller; a 2.4GHz wireless transmission circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the 2.4GHz wireless transmission circuit is used for long-distance data transmission; two DC motor control circuits are electrically connected to the main controller, and the two DC motor control circuits are used to realize different speeds and different directions of different motors; an encoder data acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the encoder data acquisition circuit is used to simulate the speed and direction of the motor, adjust the working mode of peripheral devices, and send data to the main controller; a Bluetooth transmission circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the Bluetooth transmission circuit is used to emit wireless signals; a light intensity detection circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the light intensity detection circuit is used to detect light intensity and send data to the main controller; an ultrasonic ranging circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the ultrasonic ranging circuit is used for ultrasonic ranging; a stepper motor control circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the stepper motor control circuit is used to precisely control the rotation angle of the stepper motor; an infrared temperature measurement circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the infrared temperature measurement circuit is used to detect the temperature of the target object. A high-power LED driving circuit is electrically connected to the main controller. The high-power LED driving circuit is used to receive information sent by the main controller and to realize the illumination of high-brightness LEDs. A GPS / BDS data acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the main controller. The GPS / BDS data acquisition circuit is used to receive and acquire satellite signals from the Global Positioning System and the Beidou Satellite Navigation System. A two-way servo control circuit is electrically connected to the main controller. The two-way servo control circuit is used for the coordinated operation of the two servos on the target object.

[0044] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the main controller includes an enhanced 8-bit 51 microcontroller of model number IAP15W4K61S4.

[0045] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the USB download circuit includes a MicroUSB interface J2 and a USB bus adapter chip U2 of model CH340N; the interface J2 is electrically connected to the chip U2, and the chip U2 is electrically connected to the RXD and TXD terminals of the microcontroller.

[0046] Specifically, the D- terminal of interface J2 is electrically connected to the UD- terminal of chip U2, the D+ terminal of interface J2 is electrically connected to the UD+ terminal of chip U2, the VUSB terminal of interface J2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of switch K1, the second terminal of switch K1, the first terminals of capacitor C1 and C2 are electrically connected to the first terminal of LED D1, a 5V voltage is applied to the first terminal of capacitor C1, the second terminals of capacitor C2 and C1 are both grounded, the second terminal of LED D1 is grounded through resistor R1, the GND terminal of interface J2 is grounded, the V3 terminal of chip U2 is grounded through capacitor C5, the RXD terminal of chip U2 is electrically connected to the RXD terminal of the microcontroller, and the RXD terminal of chip U2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of LED D3. One end is electrically connected. The second end of LED D3 is electrically connected to the first end of resistor R3. The second end of resistor R3 is electrically connected to the second end of resistor R2. The second end of resistor R2 is connected to the power supply. The first end of resistor R2 is electrically connected to the second end of LED D2. The first end of LED D2 is electrically connected to the TXD terminal of the microcontroller. The TXD terminal of the microcontroller is electrically connected to the second end of diode D4. The first end of diode D4 is electrically connected to the TXD terminal of chip U2. The VCC terminal of chip U2 is connected to the power supply. Resistors R3 and R2 are both 10K ohms. Diode D4 is a 1N5817. Capacitor C1 is a 47uF electrolytic capacitor. Capacitor C2 is 0.1uF. Resistor R1 is 1K ohms.

[0047] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the independent button circuit includes a switch unit SW1, a switch S16, a switch S17, a switch S18, and a switch S19.

[0048] Specifically, switch unit SW1 is electrically connected to the microcontroller. The first terminal of switch unit SW1 is electrically connected to the second terminal of switch S16. The second terminal of switch unit SW1 is electrically connected to the second terminal of switch S17. The third terminal of switch unit SW1 is electrically connected to the second terminal of switch S18. The fourth terminal of switch unit SW1 is electrically connected to the second terminal of switch S19. The first terminals of switches S16, S17, S18, and S19 are electrically connected. The first terminal of switch S19 is grounded.

[0049] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the matrix keyboard circuit includes switches S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11, S12, S13, S14, and S15.

[0050] Specifically, the first terminals of switches S0, S1, S2, and S3 are electrically connected to the P60 terminal of the microcontroller; the second terminals of switches S0, S4, S8, and S12 are electrically connected to the P64 terminal of the microcontroller; the second terminals of switches S1, S5, S9, and S13 are electrically connected to the P65 terminal of the microcontroller; and the second terminals of switches S2, S6, S10, and S14 are electrically connected to the P66 terminal of the microcontroller. The second terminals of switches S3, S7, S11, and S15 are electrically connected to the P67 terminal of the microcontroller. The first terminals of switches S4, S5, S6, and S7 are electrically connected to the P61 terminal of the microcontroller. The first terminals of switches S8, S9, S10, and S11 are electrically connected to the P62 terminal of the microcontroller. The first terminals of switches S12, S13, S14, and S15 are electrically connected to the P63 terminal of the microcontroller.

[0051] In an alternative implementation, such as Figure 6 As shown, the OLED display circuit includes an OLED display U3, which is a 1.3-inch display screen.

[0052] Specifically, the SDA terminal of the OLED display U3 is electrically connected to the P46 terminal of the microcontroller, the SCL terminal of the OLED display U3 is electrically connected to the P45 terminal of the microcontroller, the VCC terminal of the OLED display U3 is subjected to 5V forging, and the GND terminal of the OLED display U3 is grounded.

[0053] In one alternative embodiment, such asFigure 7 As shown, the relay driving circuit includes a relay unit, a PNP transistor Q1, resistors R6 and R4, a light-emitting diode D6, and a diode D5; the branch in series between resistor R6 and the light-emitting diode D6 is connected in parallel with the light-emitting diode D5 and the relay unit; the base of the PNP transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the P05 terminal of the microcontroller through resistor R4.

[0054] Specifically, the P05 terminal of the microcontroller is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R4, the second terminal of resistor R4 is electrically connected to the base of PNP transistor Q1, a 5V voltage is applied to the emitter of PNP transistor Q1, the collector of PNP transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the relay unit, the first terminal of resistor R6, and the first terminal of diode D5, respectively, the second terminal of resistor R6 is electrically connected to the first terminal of LED D6, and the second terminals of LED D6, diode D5, and relay unit are all grounded.

[0055] Resistors R4 and R6 both have a resistance of 1K ohms, and the diode is a 1N4148.

[0056] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the sound and light alarm circuit includes a PNP transistor Q2, a resistor R5, a light-emitting diode D7, a resistor R7, and a speaker FM.

[0057] Specifically, the P54 terminal of the microcontroller is electrically connected to the base of the PNP transistor Q2 through the current-limiting resistor R5. A 5V voltage is applied to the emitter of the PNP transistor Q2. The collector of the PNP transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the LED D7. The second terminal of the LED D7 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the resistor R7. The second terminal of the resistor R7 and the second terminal of the speaker FM are both grounded. The first terminal of the speaker FM is electrically connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor Q2. The resistance values ​​of both resistors R5 and R7 are 1K ohms.

[0058] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the D / A conversion circuit is electrically connected to the PWMB terminal of the microcontroller.

[0059] Specifically, the PWMB of the microcontroller is electrically connected to the first end of resistor R8. The second end of resistor R8 is electrically connected to the first end of resistor R9 and the first end of capacitor C6. The second end of capacitor C6 is grounded. The second end of resistor R9 is electrically connected to the first end of capacitor C7. The second end of capacitor C7 is electrically connected to the second end of capacitor C6. The second end of resistor R9 is electrically connected to the test circuit TP1. Resistors R8 and R9 are both 10K ohms, and capacitors C7 and C6 are both 0.1uF.

[0060] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, the real-time clock circuit includes chip U4, which is a real-time clock chip with model number DS12C887.

[0061] Specifically, the AD0 terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P70 terminal of the microcontroller; the AD1 terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P71 terminal of the microcontroller; the AD2 terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P72 terminal of the microcontroller; the AD3 terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P73 terminal of the microcontroller; the AD4 terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P74 terminal of the microcontroller; the AD5 terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P75 terminal of the microcontroller; the AD6 terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P76 terminal of the microcontroller; and the A terminal of chip U4... The D7 terminal is electrically connected to the P77 terminal of the microcontroller. The R / W terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P50 terminal of the microcontroller. The AS terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P51 terminal of the microcontroller. The CS terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P04 terminal of the microcontroller. A 5V voltage is applied to both the VCC and RESET terminals of chip U4. The IRQ terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P47 terminal of the microcontroller. The DS terminal of chip U4 is electrically connected to the P34 terminal of the microcontroller. The MOT and GND terminals of chip U4 are grounded.

[0062] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, the acceleration and angular velocity measurement circuit includes a motion processing sensor P1 of model MPU6050.

[0063] Specifically, a 5V voltage is applied to the VCC terminal of motion processing sensor P1, the GND terminal of motion processing sensor P1 is grounded, the SCL terminal of motion processing sensor P1 is electrically connected to the P21 terminal of the microcontroller, the SDA terminal of motion processing sensor P1 is electrically connected to the P20 terminal of the microcontroller, and the INT terminal of motion processing sensor P1 is electrically connected to the INT3 terminal of the microcontroller.

[0064] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, the storage circuit includes a storage chip U6 of model AT24C512, resistors R11 and R12; chip U6 is electrically connected to the P22 and P23 terminals of the microcontroller, the P22 terminal of the microcontroller is electrically connected to resistor R11, and the P23 terminal of the microcontroller is electrically connected to resistor R12; both resistors R11 and R12 are 4.7K ohms.

[0065] Specifically, the SCL terminal of memory chip U6 is electrically connected to the P22 terminal of the microcontroller. Memory chip U6 is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R11. The second terminal of resistor R11 is electrically connected to the second terminal of resistor R12. A 5V voltage is applied to the second terminal of resistor R12. The first terminal of resistor R12 is electrically connected to the SDA terminal of memory chip U6. The SDA terminal of memory chip U6 is electrically connected to the P23 terminal of the microcontroller. A 5V voltage is applied to the VCC terminal of memory chip U6. The WP, A0, A1, A2 and GND terminals of memory chip U6 are all grounded.

[0066] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 13 As shown, the 2.4GHz wireless transmission circuit includes a three-terminal low-dropout linear regulator V1 (model AMS1117), an electrolytic capacitor C3, an electrolytic capacitor C4, and a wireless transceiver U7 (model NRF24L01).

[0067] A 5V voltage is applied to the Vin terminal of voltage regulator V1. The Vin terminal of voltage regulator V1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor C3. The negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor C3, the GND terminal of voltage regulator V1, and the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor C4 are electrically connected to ground. The positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the Vout terminal of voltage regulator V1. A 3.3V voltage is applied to the Vout terminal of voltage regulator V1. Electrolytic capacitor C3 is 10uF and electrolytic capacitor C4 is 22uF.

[0068] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 14 As shown, the two-channel DC motor control circuit includes a DC motor driver chip U5 (model TB6612FNG), interface P2, and interface P3; interface P2 and interface P3 are electrically connected to chip U5, and chip U5 is electrically connected to the PWMA, PWMB, AIN1, AIN2, BIN1, and BIN2 terminals of the microcontroller.

[0069] Specifically, the PWMA terminal of chip U5 is electrically connected to the PWMA terminal of the microcontroller; the PWMB terminal of chip U5 is electrically connected to the PWMB terminal of the microcontroller; the AIN1 terminal of chip U5 is electrically connected to the AIN1 terminal of the microcontroller; the AIN2 terminal of chip U5 is electrically connected to the AIN2 terminal of the microcontroller; the BIN1 terminal of chip U5 is electrically connected to the BIN1 terminal of the microcontroller; the BIN2 terminal of chip U5 is electrically connected to the BIN2 terminal of the microcontroller; the two AO1 terminals of chip U5 are electrically connected to the AOUT1 terminal of interface P2; the two AO2 terminals of chip U5 are electrically connected to the first terminal of interface P2; and the two BO1 terminals of chip U5 are electrically connected to the... The first terminal of interface P3 is electrically connected. The two BO2 terminals of chip U5 are electrically connected to the sixth terminal of interface P3. The two PGND1 terminals, two PGND2 terminals, VCC terminal, and SYBY terminal of chip U5 are all grounded. A 5V voltage is applied to the second terminal of interface P2. The fifth terminal of interface P2 is grounded. The second terminal of interface P2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of capacitor C12. The second terminal of capacitor C12 is electrically connected to the fifth terminal of interface P2. A 5V voltage is applied to the second terminal of interface P3. The fifth terminal of interface P3 is grounded. The second terminal of interface P3 is electrically connected to the first terminal of capacitor C11. The second terminal of capacitor C11 is electrically connected to the fifth terminal of interface P3.

[0070] like Figure 14 As shown, the two-way DC motor control circuit also includes a voltage regulator V2. The voltage regulator V2 is an AMS1117 low-dropout linear regulator. Specifically, a 5V voltage is applied to the Vout terminal of the voltage regulator V2. The Vout terminal of the voltage regulator V2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C10. The negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C10 is electrically connected to the GND terminal of the voltage regulator V2 and grounded. The Vin terminal of the voltage regulator V2 is electrically connected to the switch K2, the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C8, and the first terminal of the capacitor C9, respectively. The first terminal of capacitor R13 is connected to the power supply. The negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor C8 is electrically connected to the second terminal of capacitor C9, and the second terminal of capacitor C9 is grounded. The first terminal of capacitor R13 is connected to the power supply. The second terminal of resistor R13 is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R14, and the second terminal of resistor R14 is grounded. The first terminal of resistor R14 is electrically connected to the test circuit TP3 and the microcontroller ADC7 terminal respectively. Electrolytic capacitors C8 and C10 are both 220uF, capacitor C9 is 0.1uF, resistor R13 is 10K ohms, and resistor R14 is 3.3K ohms.

[0071] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 15 As shown, the encoder data acquisition circuit includes an encoder unit P4 and a switch unit SW2; the switch unit SW2 is electrically connected to the P32, P33, INT1 and INT0 terminals of the microcontroller, and the encoder unit P4 is electrically connected to the P32 and P33 terminals of the microcontroller.

[0072] Specifically, the first terminal of switch unit SW2 is electrically connected to the P32 terminal of the microcontroller, the second terminal of switch unit SW2 is electrically connected to the P33 terminal of the microcontroller, the third terminal of switch unit SW2 is electrically connected to the INT1 terminal of the microcontroller, and the fourth terminal of switch unit SW2 is electrically connected to the INT0 terminal of the microcontroller. The E terminal of encoder unit P4 is electrically connected to the P32 terminal of the microcontroller and the first terminal of resistor R15. A 5V voltage is applied to the second terminal of resistor R15. The second terminals of resistors R15, R17, and R18 are electrically connected. The first terminal of resistor R17 is electrically connected to the B terminal of encoder unit P4 and the first terminal of resistor R16. The second end of resistor R16 is electrically connected to the P44 terminal of the microcontroller and the first end of capacitor C13. The second end of capacitor C13 is electrically connected to the second end of capacitor C14. The second end of capacitor C14 is grounded. The first end of capacitor C14 is electrically connected to the P33 terminal of the microcontroller and the second end of resistor R19. The first end of resistor R19 is electrically connected to the B terminal of encoder unit P4 and the first end of resistor R18. The D and C terminals of encoder unit P4 are both grounded. Resistors R15, R17, and R18 are all 10K ohms, resistors R19 and R16 are all 1K ohms, and capacitors C13 and C14 are both 100pF.

[0073] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 16 As shown, the Bluetooth transmission circuit includes a Bluetooth unit P7. The RXD terminal of the Bluetooth unit P7 is electrically connected to the TXD3 terminal of the microcontroller. The TXD terminal of the Bluetooth unit P7 is also electrically connected to the RXD3 terminal of the microcontroller. The GND terminal of the Bluetooth unit P7 is grounded, and a 5V voltage is applied to the VCC terminal of the Bluetooth unit P7.

[0074] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 17 As shown, the light intensity detection circuit includes a photoresistor R10 and a potentiometer RP2; the photoresistor R10 is grounded through the potentiometer RP2, and the junction of the photoresistor R10 and the potentiometer RP2 is electrically connected to the CMP terminal of the single chip.

[0075] Specifically, a 5V voltage is applied to the first end of the photoresistor R10, and the second end of the photoresistor R10 is electrically connected to the CMP terminal of the microcontroller, the first end of the potentiometer RP2, and the test circuit TP2, respectively. The second end of the potentiometer RP2 is grounded; the potentiometer RP2 is 10K ohms.

[0076] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 18As shown, the ultrasonic ranging circuit includes an ultrasonic ranging unit P10 of model HC-SR04. A 5V voltage is applied to the VCC terminal of the ultrasonic ranging unit P10. The Trig terminal of the ultrasonic ranging unit P10 is electrically connected to the P53 terminal of the microcontroller. The Echo terminal of the ultrasonic ranging unit P10 is electrically connected to the P52 terminal of the microcontroller. The GND terminal of the ultrasonic ranging unit P10 is grounded.

[0077] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 19 As shown, the stepper motor control circuit includes connector J4. The PUL terminal of connector J4 is electrically connected to the INT2 terminal of the microcontroller, the DIR terminal of connector J4 is electrically connected to the P06 terminal of the microcontroller, a 5V voltage is applied to the OPTO terminal of connector J4, the ENA terminal of connector J4 is electrically connected to the P07 terminal of the microcontroller, the GND terminal of connector J4 is grounded, and a 24V voltage is applied to the VCC terminal of connector J4.

[0078] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 20 As shown, the infrared temperature measurement circuit includes an infrared temperature sensor unit P9 (model GY-906), resistor R21, and resistor R22.

[0079] Specifically, a 5V voltage is applied to the VIN terminal of sensor unit P9, the GND terminal of sensor unit P9 is grounded, the SCL terminal of sensor unit P9 is electrically connected to the P24 terminal of the microcontroller and the second terminal of resistor R22, a 5V voltage is applied to the first terminal of resistor R22, the first terminal of resistor R22 is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R21, the second terminal of resistor R21 and the P27 terminal of the microcontroller are electrically connected to the SDA terminal of sensor unit P9, and both resistors R21 and R22 are 20K ohms.

[0080] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 21 As shown, the high-power LED driving circuit includes an LED driver chip U8, diodes D8 and D9, a light-emitting diode D10, a resistor R20, and a potentiometer RP1. Diodes D8 and D9 are connected in series, the LED terminal of the chip U8 is grounded through the light-emitting diode D10, the potentiometer RP1 and the resistor R20 are connected in series, and the chip U8 is electrically connected to the P35 terminal of the microcontroller.

[0081] Specifically, the ISET terminal of LED driver chip U8 is electrically connected to the first terminal of potentiometer RP1, the second terminal of potentiometer RP1 is grounded through resistor R20, the GDN terminal of LED driver chip U8 is grounded, both VCC terminals of LED driver chip U8 are electrically connected to the first terminal of diode D8, the second terminal of diode D8 is electrically connected to the first terminal of diode D9, a 5V voltage is applied to the second terminal of diode D9, the CE terminal of LED driver chip U8 is electrically connected to the P35 terminal of the microcontroller, both LED terminals of LED driver chip U8 are electrically connected to the first terminal of light-emitting diode D10, and the second terminal of light-emitting diode D10 is grounded; potentiometer RP1 is 10K ohms, resistor R20 is 1K ohms, light-emitting diode is 1W, and diodes D and D9 are both 1N4007.

[0082] The LED driver chip U8 has the model number CN5711.

[0083] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 22 As shown, the GPS / BDS data acquisition circuit includes a positioning unit P8.

[0084] Specifically, a 5V voltage is applied to the VCC terminal of the positioning unit P8, the GND terminal of the positioning unit P8 is grounded, the TXD terminal of the positioning unit P8 is electrically connected to the RXD4 terminal of the microcontroller, and the RXD terminal of the positioning unit P8 is electrically connected to the TXD4 terminal of the microcontroller.

[0085] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 23 As shown, the two-way servo control circuit includes servo P5 and servo P6.

[0086] Specifically, the first terminal of servo P5 is electrically connected to the PWM0 terminal of the microcontroller, the second terminal of servo P5 is supplied with 5V voltage, and the third terminal of servo P5 is grounded; the first terminal of servo P6 is electrically connected to the PWM1 terminal of the microcontroller, the second terminal of servo P6 is supplied with 5V voltage, and the third terminal of servo P6 is grounded.

[0087] The coordinated operation of the various sub-circuits in this invention allows for the completion of different design projects. For example, the combination of two DC motor control circuits with acceleration and angular velocity measurement circuits can serve as the control circuit for a balancing trolley; combining it with a Bluetooth transmission circuit enables wireless control of the balancing trolley; and combining it with a GPS / BDS data acquisition circuit enables route planning for the balancing trolley. The stepper motor control circuit can also change the controlled object to control the lead screw slide. The combination of the ultrasonic ranging circuit with two servo motor control circuits enables automatic obstacle search, achieving obstacle avoidance for the trolley. The light intensity detection circuit and the high-power LED driver circuit can control the start / stop and brightness of the LEDs based on light intensity, or control an external 220V AC power supply via a relay driver circuit. The system incorporates electric light source control; a combination of GPS / BDS data acquisition circuitry and current storage, applicable to automotive electronics. For complex road conditions such as sharp bends and steep inclines, the microcontroller can anticipate these situations using the GPS / BDS data acquisition circuitry and alert the driver via an audible and visual alarm circuit. A real-time clock circuit with power-off retention allows for the timed activation of various peripheral devices. Independent button circuits or matrix keypad circuits enable switching between different control modes. A 2.4GHz wireless transmission circuit enables long-distance data transmission. An encoder data acquisition circuit can simulate motor speed and direction and adjust the operating modes of peripheral devices.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this utility model.

Claims

1. A microcontroller-based practical training and teaching development system, characterized in that, include: The USB download circuit is electrically connected to the main controller. The USB download circuit is used for program download and provides a data channel for the main controller. The relay drive circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the relay drive circuit is used for signal conversion and driving external AC / DC high-power loads; The D / A conversion circuit is electrically connected to the main controller. The D / A conversion circuit is used to convert digital signals into analog signals and monitor the voltage of the external power supply to achieve undervoltage protection. The storage circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the storage circuit is used to store the data information collected by the main controller. Two DC motor control circuits are electrically connected to the main controller. The two DC motor control circuits are used to realize different speeds and different directions of different motors. The encoder data acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the main controller. The encoder data acquisition circuit is used to simulate the speed and direction of the motor, adjust the working mode of the peripheral equipment, and send data to the main controller. The light intensity detection circuit is electrically connected to the main controller, and the light intensity detection circuit is used to detect the light intensity and send data to the main controller; The high-power LED driving circuit is electrically connected to the main controller. The high-power LED driving circuit is used to receive information sent by the main controller and to realize the emission of high-brightness LEDs.

2. The microcontroller training and teaching development system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main controller includes an enhanced 8-bit 51 microcontroller, model IAP15W4K61S4.

3. The microcontroller training and teaching development system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The USB download circuit includes a MicroUSB interface J2 and a USB bus adapter chip U2 of model CH340N; The interface J2 is electrically connected to the chip U2, and the chip U2 is electrically connected to the RXD and TXD terminals of the microcontroller.

4. The microcontroller training and teaching development system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The relay drive circuit includes a relay unit, a PNP transistor Q1, a resistor R6, a resistor R4, a light-emitting diode D6, and a diode D5; The branch in series between resistor R6 and LED D6 is connected in parallel with LED D5 and the relay unit. The base of PNP transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the P05 terminal of the microcontroller through resistor R4.

5. The microcontroller training and teaching development system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two-channel DC motor control circuit includes a DC motor driver chip U5 (model TB6612FNG), interface P2, and interface P3. Interfaces P2 and P3 are electrically connected to chip U5, and chip U5 is electrically connected to the PWMA, PWMB, AIN1, AIN2, BIN1, and BIN2 terminals of the microcontroller.

6. The microcontroller training and teaching development system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The encoder data acquisition circuit includes an encoder unit P4 and a switching unit SW2; The switching unit SW2 is electrically connected to the P32, P33, INT1 and INT0 terminals of the microcontroller, and the encoder unit P4 is electrically connected to the P32 and P33 terminals of the microcontroller.

7. The microcontroller training and teaching development system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-power LED driving circuit includes an LED driver chip U8, diode D8, diode D9, light-emitting diode D10, resistor R20, and potentiometer RP1. The diodes D8 and D9 are connected in series, the LED terminal of the chip U8 is grounded through the light-emitting diode D10, the potentiometer RP1 and the resistor R20 are connected in series, and the chip U8 is electrically connected to the P35 terminal of the microcontroller.

8. The single-chip microcomputer training and teaching development system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The light intensity detection circuit includes a photoresistor R10 and a potentiometer RP2; The photoresistor R10 is grounded through the potentiometer RP2, and the junction of the photoresistor R10 and the potentiometer RP2 is electrically connected to the CMP terminal of the microcontroller.

9. The microcontroller training and teaching development system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The D / A conversion circuit is electrically connected to the PWMB terminal of the microcontroller.

10. The microcontroller training and teaching development system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The storage circuit includes a storage chip U6 of model AT24C512, resistor R11, and resistor R12; The chip U6 is electrically connected to the P22 and P23 terminals of the microcontroller. The P22 terminal of the microcontroller is electrically connected to the resistor R11, and the P23 terminal of the microcontroller is electrically connected to the resistor R12.

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