Skull model for operation marking and teaching

Abstract

The utility model discloses a skull model for surgical marking and teaching, which relates to the field of skull models and comprises a skull body, the skull body is provided with a left part and a right part, the left part is provided with a skull opening flap, and the skull opening flap is detachably connected with the skull body; and the inner wall and the outer wall of the right part are provided with three-dimensional projections of the brain surface topography on the skull. According to the utility model, points, lines, planes and sizes required by brain structure and skull measurement are marked on the model, so that students and doctors can better know the relative positions between brain tissues and the skull appearance, and a sense of space is established to assist teaching and operation marking.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of skull model, especially a skull model for surgical marking and teaching. BACKGROUND

[0002] Correct marking and determination of the position and size of the bone flap are very important for intraoperative positioning and surgical operation, and it is particularly important for primary specialist doctors and primary hospitals to measure with tools and model assistance.

[0003] The current skull model has a model with detachable connection of each bone block, such as the skull model disclosed in Chinese patent No. CN203311724U; similarly, there is also a whole skull model; these skull models provide certain contribution for students to understand the skull.

[0004] Based on the above description and in practice, due to the very complex structure of the skull, especially the skull base, medical students and inexperienced doctors have difficulty in establishing the spatial relationship from the extracranial to the intracranial bone structure and brain tissue structure; at the same time, for the operation with low frequency, the doctor is difficult to accurately remember the positioning point or the flap position, causing intraoperative positioning and operation difficulty; in addition, the book provides two-dimensional pictures, and the real form of lines, bone flaps and brain surface topography in three-dimensional space is not correctly presented, which will cause deviation in understanding of doctors and students.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the common skull model. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0006] The utility model aims at the above-mentioned problems, provides a skull model for surgical marking and teaching, marks the points, lines, surfaces and size required for brain structure and skull measurement on the model, increases the understanding of students and doctors on the relative position between brain tissue and head surface, establishes the spatial sense, and assists teaching and surgical marking.

[0007] The utility model adopts the technical scheme as follows: a skull model for surgical marking and teaching, comprising a skull body, the skull body has a left part and a right part, the left part has a craniotomy flap, and the craniotomy flap is detachably connected with the skull body; the inner wall and the outer wall of the right part have a three-dimensional projection of the brain surface topography on the skull.

[0008] Further, the left part or the craniotomy flap is made of transparent material or opaque material.

[0009] Further, the skull body is marked with standard lines for assisting positioning, and the standard lines are marked with length scales.

[0010] Further, the skull body is marked with positioning points, and the positioning points are marked with coordinate sizes.

[0011] Further, the cranial body is marked with a puncture point, and the puncture point is marked with coordinate size.

[0012] Further, the cranial body further has a bone flap of an approach, and the bone flap of the approach is marked with a name and size.

[0013] Further, the structure arranged on the left part can be replaced with the structure arranged on the right part.

[0014] Therefore, the present application has the advantages that:

[0015] The present application projects the brain surface topography on the inner wall and the outer wall of the cranial bone, realizes the combination of the cranial bone mark and the brain surface topography, enables students and inexperienced doctors to systematically understand the brain structure and the adjacent relationship between the brain tissue and each bone flap, marks the points, lines, surfaces and sizes required for the cranial bone measurement on the model, increases the understanding of the students and the inexperienced doctors on the cranial bone medical knowledge system, assists the teaching and the rapid operation mark, provides the reference through the model and the removable active bone flap, and draws the correct bone flap, designs the skin incision and the cranial bone flap on the basis, and is familiar with the structure of the whole operation path through the observation from the inside and the outside, so as to facilitate the operation decision. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The present application will be illustrated by examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a top view of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a left side view of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the marking position of the standard point, line, positioning point and the projection of the brain surface topography of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 Fig. 4 is the position and the marking schematic view of the cranial bone flap of the present application;

[0021] Marked in the figure: 1-cranial body; 11-left part; 12-right part; 13-cranial bone flap; 14-brain surface topography; 15-bone flap of an approach. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In the description of the present specification, it should be noted that if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship of the product used in the description of the specification, only for the convenience of describing the specification and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present specification.

[0023] In addition, in the description of the present specification, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components must be absolutely horizontal or vertical, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that it is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0024] In the description of the present specification, it should also be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, if the terms "provided", "installed", "connected", "connected" appear, they should be understood in a broad sense, for example, the connection can be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the communication inside two elements.

[0025] Embodiment 1

[0026] As shown in Figures 1-4 A skull model for surgical marking and teaching, comprising a skull body 1, the skull body 1 has a left part 11 and a right part 12, the left part 11 has a skull flap 13, the skull flap 13 is detachably connected with the skull body 1; the inner wall and the outer wall of the right part 12 have a three-dimensional projection of the brain surface topography 14 on the skull.

[0027] In this embodiment, the skull can be displayed in a 1:1 ratio in a three-dimensional structure, compared with the two-dimensional schematic diagram described in the book, the real position and shape of the skull flap position, surgical marking and brain surface topography 14 can be clearly shown, such as the projection of the middle meningeal artery; Labbe vein projection; projection of central sulcus; projection of central precentral and postcentral gyrus; projection of motor language center; projection of lateral sulcus; projection of lower margin of brain.

[0028] In this embodiment, the brain surface topography 14 can be directly observed by the left part 11 or by removing the skull flap 13, and the relative position of the brain surface topography 14 and the skull flap can be realized, so that the adjacent relationship between the brain surface topography 14 and the skull flap can be directly understood.

[0029] In the embodiment, the craniotomy flap 13 at least includes a standard traumatic large bone flap and a bone flap 15 of the approach described later; the craniotomy flap is marked with the name and size, such as the standard traumatic large bone flap, and the size is 12 cm*15 cm.

[0030] In the embodiment, the whole skull can be printed by 3D printing; the shape, size and structure of the skull body 1 are 1:1 copied from the human skull; it should be noted that the human skull in the embodiment is consistent with the size, shape and structure of the skull recorded in textbooks or normative documents (such as the 39th edition of Grays Anatomy).

[0031] In the embodiment, the brain surface topography 14 is projected on the inner wall of the right part 12 to realize the combination of the skull and the brain surface topography 14, so that students and inexperienced doctors can systematically understand the brain structure and the adjacent relationship between the brain tissue and each bone flap; at the same time, the points, lines, surfaces and sizes required for skull measurement are marked on the model to increase the understanding of students and inexperienced doctors on the skull medical knowledge system, and the reference size and the removed craniotomy flap 13 are used to assist teaching and surgical marking.

[0032] Embodiment 2

[0033] On the basis of embodiment 1, a specific implementation manner is further proposed.

[0034] A feasible implementation manner is that the left part 11 or the craniotomy flap 13 is made of transparent material, which can directly and visually observe the projection of the brain surface topography 14 on the inner wall of the right part 12; without removing the craniotomy flap 13 for observation, the adjacent relationship between the brain surface topography 14 and the bone flap can be more directly and systematically understood; of course, the left part 11 or the craniotomy flap 13 can also be made of non-transparent material.

[0035] A feasible implementation manner is that, as shown in Figure 3 , the skull body 1 is marked with standard lines, positioning points and puncture points for assisting positioning; the standard lines are marked with length scales, and the positioning points and puncture points are marked with coordinate sizes; wherein, as shown in Figure 2 , the standard lines and positioning points are marked according to the Kronlein skull positioning method, and the marked contents are as follows:

[0036] AB line: the connecting line of the infraorbital margin and the superior margin of the external auditory meatus;

[0037] CD line: the parallel line passing through the supraorbital margin and the AB line;

[0038] EF line: the vertical line passing through the midpoint of the zygomatic arch and the AB line;

[0039] GH line: the vertical line passing through the midpoint of the mandibular joint and the AB line;

[0040] IK line: the perpendicular line from the posterior margin of the mastoid process to the AB line;

[0041] M point: the intersection of the anterior perpendicular line and the second horizontal line, which is equivalent to the position of the pterion;

[0042] N point: the intersection of the posterior 1 / 3 of the line from the nasion to the external occipital protuberance;

[0043] K point: the point 1cm behind the midpoint of the line from the glabella to the external occipital protuberance along the sagittal line;

[0044] KM line: the central sulcus is located on the KM line, and 9cm downward from the sagittal line, the front 1.5cm is the precentral gyrus, and the rear 1.5cm is the postcentral gyrus;

[0045] M point: the projection point of the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery on the brain surface;

[0046] O point: the projection point of the posterior branch of the middle meningeal artery on the brain surface;

[0047] P point: the projection point of the main stem of the middle meningeal artery on the brain surface.

[0048] It should be noted that for the standard lines and positioning points, these features are features disclosed in the prior art and are well known to those skilled in the art. Only in this specification, the emphasis and the difference from the existing skull model are that these standard lines and positioning points are marked on the outer surface of the skull body 1, without the need for personnel to draw lines on the existing skull, and the realization from the plane diagram to the three-dimensional restoration; the skull model disclosed in this specification has a strong systematic understanding of brain structure and reference for students and inexperienced doctors.

[0049] In a feasible implementation, the skull body 1 is marked with puncture points, including Kocher's point, Kaufman's point, Frazier's point, Dandy's point and the like, which are commonly used puncture points in skull puncture surgery, and the length scales involved in the present application are described on the model, which can be used as a reference when performing skull puncture surgery.

[0050] Kocher's point: the drilling point is located 11cm behind the nasion and 3cm away from the midline. Generally, it is located on the pupil midline and 1cm-2cm in front of the coronal suture;

[0051] Kaufman's point: 5cm above the nasion and 3cm away from the midline;

[0052] Frazier's point: 6cm above the external occipital protuberance and 3-4cm away from the midline, corresponding to the area above the lambdoid suture of the parietal bone;

[0053] Dandy's point: 3 cm above the external occipital protuberance, 2 cm lateral to the midline.

[0054] In an embodiment, the skull body 1 has at least one access flap 15, and the access flap 15 is marked with a name and a size, and the access flap 15 includes a supraorbital access flap, which is marked with a size of 3 cm*4 cm, a pterion access flap, which is marked with the positions of four drill holes, a first hole is above the front zygomatic suture and below the super temporal line, a second hole is on the frontal bone 3-4 cm above the first hole, 1-2 cm away from the orbital rim, avoiding the frontal sinus, a third hole is on the parietal bone, along the super temporal line, behind the coronal suture, and a fourth hole is on the temporal bone lamina behind the sphenotemporal suture, 4 cm below the third hole and 3 cm behind the first hole, a zygomaticoorbital access flap, a post sigmoid sinus access flap, a subtemporal access flap, and the like.

[0055] In an embodiment, the skull body 1 is marked with a reference size of a craniotomy flap, such as a standard traumatic large bone flap as described in Embodiment 1, and the size is 12 cm*15 cm.

[0056] In an embodiment, the structure arranged on the left part can be replaced with the structure arranged on the right part, such as marking the three-dimensional projection of the brain surface topography 14 on the left part, and arranging a craniotomy flap on the right part.

[0057] The utility model is not limited to the foregoing specific embodiments. The utility model extends to any new feature disclosed in this specification or any new combination, and any new method or process step or any new combination disclosed.

Claims

1. A skull model for surgical marking and teaching, characterized in that: The skull body (1) includes a left part (11) and a right part (12). The left part (11) has a craniotomy flap (13), which is detachably connected to the skull body (1). The inner and outer walls of the right part (12) have a three-dimensional projection of the brain surface topography (14) onto the skull. The skull body (1) is marked with a standard line for auxiliary positioning, and the standard line for auxiliary positioning is marked with a length scale.

2. The skull model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left portion (11) or craniotomy bone flap (13) is made of transparent or opaque material.

3. The skull model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The skull body (1) is marked with positioning points, and the coordinate dimensions are marked at the positioning points.

4. The skull model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The puncture point is marked on the skull body (1), and the coordinate dimensions are marked at the puncture point.

5. The skull model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The skull body (1) also has at least one access bone flap (15), and the access bone flap (15) is marked with a name and size.

6. The skull model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structures located on the left part and the structures located on the right part can be interchanged.

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