Main shaft structure, main shaft and machine tool

Abstract

The main shaft structure comprises a shaft core, a pull rod and an oil cylinder assembly, the shaft core is provided with a shaft core inner hole, the pull rod is arranged in the shaft core inner hole, the oil cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder body and a piston, the cylinder body is inserted into the shaft core inner hole from the end portion of the shaft core, and the cylinder body is in clearance fit with the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole. The cylinder body is provided with a piston cavity in the shaft core inner hole, and the piston is arranged in the piston cavity and matched with the pull rod to drive the pull rod to move along the shaft core inner hole. According to the technical scheme, the cylinder body of the oil cylinder assembly is inserted into the shaft core inner hole of the shaft core from the end portion of the shaft core and is matched with the pull rod in the shaft core inner hole, and functions such as cutter beating are achieved. According to the technical scheme, the oil cylinder assembly is arranged in the spindle core, so that specific functions such as cutter beating and the like can be achieved in a limited space, the spindle structure can be more compact, the length of the spindle is greatly shortened, the applicability of the spindle is higher, and the installation requirement in the limited space is met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a machining equipment field, in particular to a main shaft structure, main shaft and machine tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, five-axis linkage numerical control machining center is applied more and more widely, and is especially suitable for high efficient and high quality machining of complex special-shaped parts. The swing head main shaft is one of the core components of the five-axis linkage numerical control machining center, and the swing head main shaft is installed in the limited space on the swing head, and the length of the existing swing head main shaft is relatively long due to the need of setting the tool knocking structure and the cooling structure, so it is difficult to meet the installation requirement in the limited space. SUMMARY

[0003] The utility model discloses a main shaft structure, main shaft and machine tool, and at least one of the technical problems in the prior art is solved.

[0004] The utility model discloses the technical scheme adopted by the technical problem thereof is:

[0005] Firstly, a main shaft structure comprises a shaft core, a pull rod and an oil cylinder assembly, the shaft core is provided with a shaft core inner hole, the pull rod is arranged in the shaft core inner hole, the oil cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder body and a piston, the cylinder body is inserted into the shaft core inner hole from the end of the shaft core, the cylinder body is in clearance fit with the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole, the cylinder body is provided with a piston cavity in the inside of the shaft core inner hole, the piston is arranged in the piston cavity, and the piston is matched with the pull rod and is used for driving the pull rod to move along the shaft core inner hole.

[0006] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the cylinder body is provided with a cylinder bottom and a cylinder cover at both ends of the piston cavity, the cylinder bottom and the cylinder cover are provided with piston guide holes, the piston is provided with a first guide part and a second guide part extending to both sides along the axial direction, the first guide part is arranged in the piston guide hole of the cylinder bottom, the second guide part is arranged in the piston guide hole of the cylinder cover, and the pull rod is provided with an axial surface capable of abutting against the second guide part.

[0007] In some implementations of the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, the piston is provided with a piston inner hole penetrating in the axial direction, the pull rod passes through the piston inner hole in the axial direction and is connected with the first rotary joint at the end, the cylinder body is provided with a recess in the inner part of the shaft core inner hole, the recess extends from the end of the cylinder body to the cylinder bottom, the first rotary joint is arranged in the recess, the cylinder body is provided with a top cover at the end of the recess, the top cover is provided with an axial floating mounting hole, the recess is provided with a second rotary joint, the second rotary joint is mounted in the axial floating mounting hole, the second rotary joint, the first rotary joint and the pull rod are provided with a central water hole, and the second rotary joint can move in the axial direction to be connected with or separated from the first rotary joint.

[0008] In some implementations of the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, the first rotary joint is provided with an annular groove on the side end face facing the first guide part, and the first guide part is embedded in the annular groove.

[0009] In some implementations of the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, the first rotary joint is provided with a sensing surface, and the inner wall of the recess is provided with a sensor assembly for detecting the sensing surface.

[0010] In some implementations of the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, the spindle structure further comprises a rear bearing seat, the shaft core is supported on the rear bearing seat through a rear bearing, and the end of the cylinder body is provided with a tail seat outside the end of the shaft core, and the tail seat is fixedly connected to the rear bearing seat.

[0011] In some implementations of the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, the rear bearing is locked to the shaft shoulder of the shaft core through a rear bearing locking nut, the tail seat is connected with the rear bearing seat and forms a sealed cavity in which the rear bearing locking nut is covered, the sealed cavity is provided with an air seal sleeve connected with the tail seat and / or the rear bearing seat, the air seal sleeve is in clearance fit with the outer peripheral surface of the rear bearing locking nut, the inner wall surface of the air seal sleeve is provided with an annular groove, and the air seal sleeve is provided with an air inlet hole extending to the annular groove.

[0012] In some implementations of the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, the cylinder body is provided with an overflow hole communicated from the bottom of the recess to the outside of the tail seat.

[0013] The second aspect discloses a spindle comprising the spindle structure in any of the implementations of the first aspect.

[0014] The third aspect discloses a machine tool comprising the spindle in any of the implementations of the second aspect.

[0015] One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: In the technical scheme of the utility model, the cylinder body of the oil cylinder assembly is inserted into the shaft core inner hole of the shaft core from the end of the shaft core, and cooperates with the pull rod in the shaft core inner hole to realize the functions of tool breaking and the like. The technical scheme of the utility model embeds the oil cylinder assembly in the interior of the main shaft core, so that the specific functions such as tool breaking can be realized in the limited space, the structure can make the main shaft structure more compact, greatly shorten the length of the main shaft, make the main shaft more applicable, and meet the installation requirements in the limited space.

[0016] The additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be partly given in the following description, partly will become obvious from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the utility model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will become obvious and easily understood from the description of embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 is an oil cylinder tool breaking structure schematic view of one embodiment of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 is an oil cylinder reset structure schematic view of one embodiment of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 is an oil tool detection schematic view of one embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 is a center cooling and gas sealing schematic view of one embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] This part will describe the specific embodiments of the utility model in detail, the preferred embodiments of the utility model are shown in the drawings, the role of the drawings is to supplement the description of the text part with graphics, so that people can intuitively and visually understand each technical feature and the overall technical scheme of the utility model, but it cannot be understood as the limitation of the protection scope of the utility model.

[0023] In the utility model, if the direction (up, down, left, right, front and back) is described, it is only for the convenience of describing the technical scheme of the utility model, and is not indicative or suggestive of the technical features indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore, it cannot be understood as the limitation of the utility model.

[0024] In the utility model, the meaning of "several" is one or more, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, and "greater than", "less than", "exceed" and the like are understood as not including the number; "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood as including the number. In the description of the utility model, if "first" and "second" are described, they are only used for distinguishing technical features for the purpose, and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence of indicated technical features.

[0025] In the utility model, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words such as "arrangement", "installation", "connection" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected, can also be integrally formed; can be mechanically connected, can also be electrically connected or capable of intercommunication; can be the communication or interaction relationship between two elements. The skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the utility model in combination with the specific content of the technical scheme.

[0026] Among them, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 The reference direction of the embodiment of the utility model is given, and the embodiment of the utility model is explained in combination with the direction shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 .

[0027] Referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 , the embodiment of the utility model provides a main shaft structure, which comprises a shaft core 100, a pull rod 200 and an oil cylinder assembly 300, the shaft core 100 is provided with a shaft core inner hole 101, the shaft core inner hole 101 is arranged along the axis of the shaft core 100, and it can be understood that the shaft core inner hole 101 can be arranged with different inner diameters at different positions according to the functional needs of different positions. The pull rod 200 is arranged in the shaft core inner hole 101, and the pull rod 200 can move in the shaft core inner hole 101 to realize the functions of striking a knife and tightening a knife handle. The oil cylinder assembly 300 is used for cooperating with the pull rod 200 to realize the function of striking a knife, and the oil cylinder assembly 300 comprises a cylinder body 301 and a piston 302, the cylinder body 301 is inserted into the shaft core inner hole 101 from the end of the shaft core 100, forming a cylinder body structure built-in the inside of the shaft core 100, the cylinder body 301 is gap-fitted with the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole 101, ensuring that the shaft core 100 does not interfere with the cylinder body 301 when rotating, and the cylinder body 301 is provided with a piston cavity in the inside of the shaft core inner hole 101, the piston 302 is arranged in the piston cavity, and the piston 302 is used for driving the pull rod 200 to move along the shaft core inner hole 101 in cooperation with the pull rod 200.

[0028] In combination with Figure 1 、 Figure 2The technical scheme of the utility model discloses, the cylinder body 301 of oil cylinder subassembly 300 is inserted in the axle core inner hole 101 of axle core 100 by the end of axle core 100, and is cooperated with pull rod 200 in axle core inner hole 101, realizes the function such as tool changing, the technical scheme of the utility model discloses that oil cylinder subassembly 300 is built-in inside the axle core 100 of main shaft, thereby can realize the specific function such as tool changing in limited space, this structure can make the main shaft structure more compact, greatly shortens the length of main shaft, makes the applicability of main shaft stronger, satisfies the installation requirement in limited space.

[0029] Further, in some embodiments, referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 , the cylinder body 301 is provided with a cylinder bottom 303 and a cylinder cover 304 at both ends of the piston cavity, the piston 302 and the cylinder bottom 303 form a tool changing cavity 305, the cylinder body 301 is provided with an oil cylinder tool changing oil path 306 communicating with the tool changing cavity 305, the piston 302 and the cylinder cover 304 form a reset cavity 307, and the cylinder body 301 is provided with an oil cylinder reset oil path 308 communicating with the reset cavity 307. The cylinder bottom 303 and the cylinder cover 304 are provided with piston guide holes, the piston 302 is provided with a first guide portion 309 and a second guide portion 310 extending to both sides in the axial direction, the first guide portion 309 is arranged in the piston guide hole of the cylinder bottom 303, the second guide portion 310 is arranged in the piston guide hole of the cylinder cover 304, and the pull rod 200 is provided with an axial surface capable of abutting against the second guide portion 310.

[0030] In combination with Figure 1 , the oil cylinder tool changing process is as follows: when the main shaft needs to change the tool holder, the main shaft stops running, the hydraulic oil enters the tool changing cavity 305 from the oil cylinder tool changing oil path 306, and the process of gradually filling the tool changing cavity 305 with the hydraulic oil will impact the piston 302 to move forward, so that the second guide portion 310 of the piston 302 impacts the second axial surface of the pull rod 200 to move downward, thereby realizing the tool changing function.

[0031] In combination with Figure 2 , the oil cylinder reset process is as follows: when the main shaft changes the tool holder, the hydraulic oil enters the reset cavity 307 from the oil cylinder reset oil path 308, and the process of gradually filling the reset cavity 307 with the hydraulic oil will impact the piston 302 to move backward, so that the second guide portion 310 of the piston 302 is separated from the pull rod 200, and the pull rod 200 moves backward under the action of the spring to tighten the tool holder.

[0032] Further, in some embodiments, referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 4, the piston 302 is provided with a piston inner hole penetrating in the axial direction, the pull rod 200 penetrates through the piston inner hole in the axial direction and is connected with the first rotary joint 401 at the end, the cylinder body 301 is provided with a recessed cavity 311 inside the axial core inner hole 101, the recessed cavity 311 extends from the end of the cylinder body 301 to the cylinder bottom 303, the first rotary joint 401 is arranged in the recessed cavity 311, the cylinder body 301 is provided with a top cover 312 at the end of the recessed cavity 311, the top cover 312 is provided with an axial floating mounting hole 313, the recessed cavity 311 is provided with the second rotary joint 402, the second rotary joint 402 is mounted in the axial floating mounting hole 313, the second rotary joint 402, the first rotary joint 401 and the pull rod 200 are provided with a central water hole, and the second rotary joint 402 can move in the axial direction to be connected or separated with the first rotary joint 401.

[0033] In combination Figure 4 , when the axial core 100 operates, the front end face of the second rotary joint 402 and the rear end face of the first rotary joint 401 are attached together, the cooling liquid of the central cooling enters the cylinder body 301-top cover 312-second rotary joint 402-first rotary joint 401-pull rod 200 from the central cooling channel 403 respectively, and finally flows out from the front end of the pull rod 200, thereby playing a role of cooling the tool during machining. In the embodiment, the cylinder body 301 is provided with the recessed cavity 311 at the rear side of the piston cavity, and the central cooling structure is further arranged in the axial core inner hole 101, thereby further shortening the length of the main shaft and making the main shaft more applicable.

[0034] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the first rotary joint 401 is provided with an annular groove 404 at the side end face facing the first guide part 309, the first guide part 309 is embedded in the annular groove 404, and a labyrinth seal structure is formed between the first guide part 309 and the first rotary joint 401, thereby avoiding the cooling liquid overflowing between the second rotary joint 402 and the first rotary joint 401 from entering the inside of the main shaft and damaging the internal parts of the main shaft, and playing a role of protecting the main shaft.

[0035] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 3 , the first rotary joint 401 is provided with a sensing surface, and the inner wall of the recessed cavity 311 is provided with a sensor assembly 500 for detecting the sensing surface. For example, in some embodiments, the first rotary joint 401 adopts a conical outer periphery, and the sensor assembly 500 adopts a distance sensor. When the pull rod 200 moves in the axial direction, the sensor assembly 500 can detect the distance change of the sensing surface, and sense the main shaft broach state and tool breaking state. The main shaft broach state and tool breaking state are transmitted to the machine tool through the sensing surface of the floating end of the rotary joint sensed by the sensor assembly 500, thereby realizing the control of the machine tool tool breaking and broach state.

[0036] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2The main shaft structure further comprises a rear bearing seat 600, the shaft core 100 is supported on the rear bearing seat 600 through a rear bearing 601, and the tail seat 315 is arranged outside the end of the shaft core 100, extends outward in the radial direction, and is fixedly connected to the rear bearing seat 600, so that the oil cylinder assembly 300 is fixedly installed.

[0037] Further, referring to Figure 4 The rear bearing 601 is locked to the shaft shoulder of the shaft core 100 through a rear bearing locking nut 602, the tail seat 313 is connected to the rear bearing seat 600, and a sealed cavity 603 in which the rear bearing locking nut 602 is covered is formed, the sealed cavity 603 is provided with an air sealing sleeve 604 connected to the tail seat 315 and / or the rear bearing seat 600, the air sealing sleeve 604 is in clearance fit with the outer circumferential surface of the rear bearing locking nut 602, the inner wall surface of the air sealing sleeve 604 is provided with an annular groove, and the air sealing sleeve 604 is provided with an air inlet hole 605 extending to the annular groove. The air curtain sealing air flow enters the rear bearing seat 600-air sealing sleeve 604-clearance between the air sealing sleeve 604 and the rear bearing locking nut 602-clearance between the shaft core 100 and the cylinder body 301-clearance between the shaft core 100 and the pull rod 200, and the air flow channel can protect the rear bearing from dust and impurities, and prevent the main shaft from being invaded by cooling liquid and other impurities.

[0038] Further, referring to Figure 4 The cylinder body 301 is provided with an overflow hole 314 communicated from the bottom of the recessed cavity 311 to the outside of the tail seat 315. The air curtain sealing air flow enters the rear bearing seat 600-air sealing sleeve 604-clearance between the air sealing sleeve 604 and the rear bearing locking nut 602-clearance between the shaft core 100 and the cylinder body 301-clearance between the shaft core 100 and the pull rod 200, and finally is blown out by the overflow hole 314. If the cooling liquid of the center cooling overflows from the bonding surface of the second rotary joint 402 and the first rotary joint 401, the air flow can blow out the cooling liquid of the center cooling, flow to the outside of the main shaft from the overflow hole 314, avoid the cooling liquid of the center cooling from entering the inside of the main shaft, damage the internal parts of the main shaft, and play a protection role for the main shaft.

[0039] The utility model provides a kind of main shaft, including the main shaft structure in any one of the above embodiments.

[0040] The utility model provides a kind of machine tool, including the main shaft in any one of the above embodiments.

[0041] In the description of the present specification, the description referring to the terms "example", "embodiment" or "some embodiments" or the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0042] Of course, the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A spindle structure, characterized by The main shaft structure comprises a shaft core, a pull rod and a cylinder assembly, the shaft core is provided with a shaft core inner hole, the pull rod is arranged in the shaft core inner hole, the cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder body and a piston, the cylinder body is inserted into the shaft core inner hole from an end of the shaft core, the cylinder body is in clearance fit with a hole wall of the shaft core inner hole, the cylinder body is provided with a piston cavity inside the shaft core inner hole, the piston is arranged in the piston cavity, and the piston is in cooperation with the pull rod to drive the pull rod to move along the shaft core inner hole.

2. The spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The cylinder body is provided with a cylinder bottom and a cylinder cover at two ends of the piston cavity, the cylinder bottom and the cylinder cover are provided with piston guide holes, the piston is provided with a first guide part and a second guide part extending to two sides in the axial direction, the first guide part is arranged in the piston guide hole of the cylinder bottom, the second guide part is arranged in the piston guide hole of the cylinder cover, and the pull rod is provided with an axial surface capable of abutting against the second guide part.

3. The spindle structure of claim 2, wherein, The piston is provided with a piston inner hole penetrating in the axial direction, the pull rod passes through the piston inner hole in the axial direction and is connected with a first rotary joint at an end, the cylinder body is provided with a concave cavity inside the shaft core inner hole, the concave cavity extends from the end of the cylinder body to the cylinder bottom, the first rotary joint is arranged in the concave cavity, the cylinder body is provided with a top cover at an end of the concave cavity, the top cover is provided with an axial floating mounting hole, a second rotary joint is arranged in the concave cavity, the second rotary joint is mounted in the axial floating mounting hole, the second rotary joint, the first rotary joint and the pull rod are provided with a central water hole, and the second rotary joint is capable of moving in the axial direction to be connected or separated from the first rotary joint.

4. The spindle structure of claim 3, wherein, The first rotary joint is provided with an annular groove at a side end face facing the first guide part, and the first guide part is embedded in the annular groove.

5. The spindle structure of claim 4, wherein, The first rotary joint is provided with a sensing surface, and an inner wall of the concave cavity is provided with a sensor assembly for detecting the sensing surface.

6. The spindle structure of claim 4, wherein, The main shaft structure further comprises a rear bearing seat, the shaft core is supported on the rear bearing seat through a rear bearing, an end of the cylinder body is provided with a tail seat outside an end of the shaft core, and the tail seat is fixedly connected to the rear bearing seat.

7. The spindle structure of claim 6, wherein, The rear bearing is locked to a shaft shoulder of the shaft core through a rear bearing locking nut, the tail seat is connected to the rear bearing seat and forms a sealed cavity in which the rear bearing locking nut is covered, the sealed cavity is provided with an air sealing sleeve connected to the tail seat and / or the rear bearing seat, the air sealing sleeve is in clearance fit with an outer peripheral surface of the rear bearing locking nut, an inner wall surface of the air sealing sleeve is provided with an annular groove, and the air sealing sleeve is provided with an air inlet hole extending to the annular groove.

8. The spindle structure of claim 1, wherein, The cylinder body is provided with a cylinder reset oil path and a cylinder tool breaking oil path in communication with the piston cavity.

9. A spindle characterized by, The main shaft structure comprises any one of claims 1-8.

10. A machine tool, characterized by The main shaft comprises claim 9.

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