Marine plastic catalytic weathering monitoring system
By simulating the physical, biological, and chemical degradation processes of the marine environment and combining them with a monitoring module, the problem of existing equipment being unable to accurately simulate marine plastic degradation has been solved, enabling precise monitoring of plastic catalytic weathering and promoting the development of plastic waste treatment technology.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422241893.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-07
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing equipment is insufficient to accurately simulate the marine environment, resulting in inaccurate data on marine plastic degradation and hindering effective research into the catalytic weathering process of marine plastics.
The device simulates the marine environment using physical oxidation, physical fragmentation, and biochemical degradation devices. Combined with a monitoring module, it achieves a comprehensive simulation of the marine plastic degradation process through ultraviolet irradiation, low-temperature weathering, mechanical fragmentation, biological and chemical degradation, and monitors environmental data at each stage through sensors.
It has enabled precise simulation of the catalytic weathering process of marine plastics, provided accurate degradation data, shortened the research cycle, promoted the development of plastic waste treatment technology, and supported research on microplastics in the marine environment.
Smart Images
Figure CN223526213U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of ocean plastic garbage treatment, specifically relates to a kind of ocean plastic catalytic weathering monitoring system. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the massive use of plastics in modern society, a large amount of plastic garbage enters the ocean, seriously damaging the ecological environment of the ocean, and causing irreversible effects on the ecological balance of the ocean. Therefore, the treatment and recycling of ocean plastic waste has become an important environmental protection issue of public concern.
[0003] After the plastic is catalytically weathered in the ocean, its physical and chemical properties may change. Studying the aging process of the plastic is beneficial to establishing the relationship between large-scale plastic and ocean microplastic, thereby facilitating the improvement of plastic waste treatment technology and achieving the purpose of environmental protection.
[0004] Currently, most of the equipment that simulates ocean environment to degrade plastic only considers the influence of biological and chemical degradation processes. However, due to the complexity of the ocean environment, the existing equipment has a relatively simple structure and cannot fully simulate the ocean environment. Therefore, the obtained data of ocean-degraded plastic is not accurate enough. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS
[0005] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide an ocean plastic catalytic weathering monitoring system, which simulates ocean environment to degrade plastic through physical oxidation device, physical fragmentation device and biochemical degradation device, and monitors the changes of plastic in each reaction process through monitoring module.
[0006] An ocean plastic catalytic weathering monitoring system includes a physical oxidation device, a physical fragmentation device, a biochemical degradation device, a safety purification equipment and a monitoring module. The biochemical degradation device includes a biological reaction tank, a bacterial culture tank, a chemical reaction tank and a medicament storage tank. A transmission device is arranged between the discharge port of the physical oxidation device and the feed port of the biological reaction tank, and between the discharge port of the biological reaction tank and the feed port of the chemical reaction tank. The transmission device includes a transmission belt and a transmission channel. The transmission belt is arranged inside the transmission channel and is used for transferring materials. The transmission channel has a sealed structure.
[0007] Preferably, the safety purification equipment includes a purification pipe and an exhaust gas treatment tank. The discharge port of the chemical reaction tank is communicated with the exhaust gas treatment tank through a transmission pipe, and the transmission pipe is further provided with a purification pipe.
[0008] Preferably, it further includes a temperature control box, which is connected with the biological reaction tank, the bacterial culture tank, the chemical reaction tank, the medicament storage tank and the exhaust gas treatment tank through a cooling pipe. The biological reaction tank, the bacterial culture tank, the chemical reaction tank, the medicament storage tank and the exhaust gas treatment tank are provided with temperature sensors.
[0009] Preferably, the physical oxidation device comprises a weathering box, wherein an ultraviolet irradiation plate and a low-temperature weathering cavity are arranged in the weathering box, the low-temperature weathering cavity is located below the ultraviolet irradiation plate, a ventilation opening is arranged on the low-temperature weathering cavity, and a temperature sensor and a wind speed sensor are arranged in the low-temperature weathering cavity.
[0010] Preferably, the physical fragmentation device comprises a triaxial fragmentation machine, a rolling machine and a discharge cavity, abrasive materials are arranged in the rolling machine, the abrasive materials comprise sandpaper, rolling stones and branches, and the triaxial fragmentation machine comprises three rotating shafts, and a group of cutting blades are arranged on each rotating shaft.
[0011] Preferably, the bacterial culture tank is connected with the biological reaction tank, the bacterial culture tank is used for culturing microorganisms, and humidity sensors, oxygen concentration sensors, wind speed sensors and pressure gauges are arranged in the bacterial culture tank and the biological reaction tank respectively.
[0012] Preferably, the chemical reaction tank is connected with the medicament storage tank, the medicament storage tank is used for storing chemical medicaments, flow meters and pressure gauges are arranged in the chemical reaction tank, and experimental solutions are further arranged in the chemical reaction tank, the experimental solutions comprise 、 、 , and the PH value of the experimental solutions can be adjusted.
[0013] Preferably, the experimental solutions further comprise metal ions, and the metal ions comprise 、 .
[0014] The marine plastic catalytic weathering monitoring system can fully simulate the catalytic weathering operation of plastics in the marine environment, monitor the plastic degradation in each link through the monitoring module, obtain relevant data reports conveniently, is favorable for more accurately reflecting the catalytic weathering effect of the marine environment on plastics, is favorable for researching the marine plastic decomposition rule, and is helpful for promoting the development of plastic waste treatment technology.
[0015] Further, the physical oxidation device, the physical fragmentation device and the biochemical degradation device simulate the plastic degradation process in the marine environment, the ultraviolet irradiation and the low-temperature weathering part are added to the physical oxidation device, the plastic surface is made to be fragile, then the physical fragmentation device is used for fragmentation operation, so that plastic fragments are obtained, the subsequent biochemical degradation process is accelerated, the research period can be shortened, and after biochemical degradation, the safety purification equipment is used for treating the plastic fragments, dry plastic samples are discharged after tail gas and chemical residues are treated, and tail gas pollution of the environment is avoided.
[0016] The catalytic weathering system arranged through a closed loop enables the plastic to realize a complete degradation process in a simulated marine environment, the precise plastic degradation effect evaluation data can be obtained through the monitoring module, the relationship between large plastic and marine microplastic can be established, the migration and distribution characteristics of microplastic in the marine environment can be deeply explored, and theoretical support can be provided for the biodegradation of plastic and the related weathering research of the interaction between plastic and marine organisms.
[0017] In addition, the monitoring system utilizes physical, biological, chemical and other means to age the plastic waste, so as to study the plastic characteristics of the plastic in the weathering process, and provide a material basis for the identification of the plastic in seawater, which can not only be applied to the treatment and recycling of plastic waste, but also be beneficial to the development of plastic identification and recycling technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the present application together with embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the present application. In the drawings:
[0019] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the present application;
[0020] Figure 2 is a front view of the present application;
[0021] Figure 3 is a system work flow chart of the present application;
[0022] Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of the physical oxidation device of the present application.
[0023] In the drawings, marked as: 1, physical oxidation device; 101, ultraviolet irradiation plate; 102, weathering box; 103, low-temperature weathering cavity; 2, physical crushing device; 201, three-shaft crushing machine; 202, rolling machine; 203, discharge cavity; 3, fixed base; 4, conveying equipment; 5, biological reaction tank; 6, bacterial culture tank; 7, chemical reaction tank; 8, medicament storage tank; 9, purification pipe; 10, tail gas treatment tank; 11, transmission pipe; 12, discharge port; 13, temperature adjusting box; 14, monitoring module; 15, cooling pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Embodiment one
[0025] As Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, a marine plastic catalytic weathering monitoring system includes a physical oxidation device 1, a physical fragmentation device 2, a biochemical degradation device, a safety purification equipment and a monitoring module 14, wherein the biochemical degradation device includes a biological reaction tank 5, a bacterial culture tank 6, a chemical reaction tank 7 and a medicament storage tank 8, the safety purification equipment includes a purification pipe 9 and a tail gas treatment tank 10. The monitoring module 14 is used to monitor the environmental data of the physical oxidation device 1, the physical fragmentation device 2, the biochemical degradation device and the safety purification equipment, and to monitor the plastic degradation. The environmental data includes temperature and humidity. The physical oxidation device 1, the physical fragmentation device 2 and the biochemical degradation device are all provided with sampling ports for convenient sampling observation.
[0026] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 The physical oxidation device 1 is erected through a fixed base 3, and a transmission equipment 4 is arranged between the discharge port of the physical oxidation device 1 and the feed port of the biological reaction tank 5, and between the discharge port of the biological reaction tank 5 and the feed port of the chemical reaction tank 7. The transmission equipment 4 includes a transmission belt and a transmission channel, the transmission belt is arranged inside the transmission channel and is used to transfer materials, and the transmission channel is a sealed structure to avoid contact between the internal materials and the external environment. The discharge port of the chemical reaction tank 7 is communicated with the tail gas treatment tank 10 through a transmission pipe 11, and the purification pipe 9 is also arranged on the transmission pipe 11. The plastic after biochemical degradation is treated through the purification pipe 9, the chemical liquid remaining on the plastic is dried, then the remaining harmful substances are separated and treated through the tail gas treatment tank 10, and the purified gas is safely discharged in a quantitative manner.
[0027] It should be noted that, due to the involvement of biological and chemical weathering processes, the design of the biochemical degradation device needs to strictly comply with environmental protection and safety regulations, and the bacteria used are known to be safely handled.
[0028] In addition, in order to realize temperature control, the monitoring system is also provided with a temperature regulating box 13, which regulates the temperature of each reaction device through a cooling pipe 15, and a PID temperature controller is applied in the control process, the temperature is monitored in real time through temperature sensors in different reaction devices, and feedback is given to the PID temperature controller for accurate regulation and control.
[0029] In order to simulate the real marine environment, sunlight radiation and low-temperature weathering parts need to be introduced in the physical oxidation process. As shown in Figure 4 The physical oxidation device 1 includes a weathering box 102, first, an ultraviolet irradiation plate 101 is arranged in the closed weathering box 102, and the ultraviolet irradiation plate 101 emits ultraviolet rays to simulate the aging and embrittlement effect of sunlight radiation on plastics. Since ultraviolet rays can penetrate 10 to 30 meters deep in the ocean, the ultraviolet intensity needs to be simulated according to the average value of the actual ground ultraviolet intensity and the ultraviolet penetration intensity, and the specific value of the ultraviolet intensity is set according to the actual demand, which is not limited here.
[0030] Secondly, a low-temperature weathering chamber 103 is configured inside the weathering box 102. The low-temperature weathering chamber 103 is located below the ultraviolet irradiation plate 101. A vent is provided on the low-temperature weathering chamber 103. Temperature and wind speed are controlled through the vent to simulate the weathering effect of sea breeze on plastic and achieve low-temperature weathering.
[0031] To control the temperature and wind speed within the low-temperature weathering chamber 103, wind speed and temperature sensors are installed inside. The wind speed sensor monitors the wind speed, and the temperature sensor monitors the temperature. These parameters are fed back to the monitoring system in real time for precise control. Since wind speed and temperature vary depending on the marine environment and season, the average wind speed in the simulated environment is set to a range of 3-12 m / s, and the temperature range is set to 3-27 degrees Celsius, based on actual conditions.
[0032] The physical oxidation process can be evaluated by observing the aging, embrittlement, shrinkage and cracking of plastic samples through this monitoring system. Qualitative and quantitative analysis can be performed using image analysis and appearance comparison methods. The specific analysis methods require the use of image processing technology, which will not be elaborated here.
[0033] At the same time, the factor of mechanical fragmentation also needs to be considered. In the ocean, plastic waste is often affected by physical abrasion, which mainly includes the impact of waves, the friction of sand and gravel, and the biting caused by marine organisms.
[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, a physical fragmentation device 2 is set up to simulate the mechanical fragmentation process of plastic in the ocean. Specifically, the physical fragmentation device 2 includes a triaxial fragmenter 201, a rolling mill 202, and a discharge chamber 203. The rolling mill 202 contains abrasive materials such as sand, boulders, and branches. The triaxial fragmenter 201 includes three rotating shafts, each equipped with a set of cutting blades. These three sets of blades work in an alternating manner to create a shearing effect, which can cut plastic waste into smaller particles. The fragmented plastic particles enter the rolling mill 202, where the abrasive materials physically wear down the plastic, simulating the physical fragmentation effect of the marine environment. The physically fragmented plastic leaves the physical fragmentation device 1 through the discharge chamber 203 and enters the bioreactor 5 through the conveying device 4. The physical fragmentation effect can be evaluated by quantitatively measuring the size, shape, and distribution of the plastic particles.
[0035] The relationship between the cutting strength of different plastic materials is shown in Table 1. The corresponding cutting strength can be set according to the different materials of the plastic being used.
[0036]
[0037] Table 1 Cutting strength of different plastic materials
[0038] After mechanical fragmentation, it is necessary to simulate the biodegradation process in the ocean by using the microbial community existing in the ocean to biodegrade the fragmented plastic. This process is an accelerated version of the marine biodegradation process, which enables the system to obtain results close to long-term marine biodegradation of plastic in a relatively short time. The degradation results of this stage will be evaluated by chemical determination, microscopic observation and weight loss analysis to evaluate the effect of biodegradation.
[0039] Among them, in order to realize the biodegradation process, the bacterial culture tank 6 is connected with the biological reaction tank 5 to provide the required microorganisms for the biological reaction tank 5. The biological reaction tank 5 and the bacterial culture tank 6 are provided with corresponding temperature sensors, humidity sensors, oxygen concentration sensors, wind speed sensors, pressure gauges, humidifiers and dehumidifiers. The temperature in the tank is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor and fed back to the monitoring system. The temperature in the tank is maintained at about 30°C by the temperature control box 13. The humidity in the tank is maintained between 50%-70% by the humidifier and the dehumidifier. The oxygen supply is sufficient and stable by the oxygen concentration sensor and the wind speed sensor. The pressure in the tank is monitored by the pressure gauge to ensure the normal growth of microorganisms in a normal pressure environment. The environmental data of the biological reaction tank 5 and the bacterial culture tank 6 are monitored in real time by the sensors to ensure the activity of the microorganisms and facilitate the biodegradation of the plastic.
[0040] Among them, the corresponding relationship of the types of microorganisms decomposing plastics is shown in Table 2. Different types of microorganisms can be used for biodegradation according to the types of plastics put in.
[0041]
[0042] Table 2 Types of plastics decomposed by different microorganisms
[0043] At the same time, there are many chemical factors in the ocean that affect the weathering of plastics, such as the ph value of seawater, etc. At the same time, some types of plastics cannot be degraded by the microorganisms in the biological reaction tank. Therefore, in order to improve the simulation of marine weathered plastics, corresponding chemical degradation methods are used to adjust the weathering state of the plastics. Chemical degradation not only increases the degradation effect of plastics after biodegradation, but also can be used for chemical degradation of plastics that cannot be biodegraded (such as PMMA, PVC, PS, etc.).
[0044] Specifically, the chemical reaction tank 7 is configured with seawater solution, and the ratio is: 24.6g / L, 5.2g / L, 4.0g HCl) or alkaline reagents (such as sodium hydroxide NaOH) to simulate different PH conditions. In addition, common metal ions in seawater can be added according to the needs of plastic degradation , . Finally, the effects of this stage can be evaluated by chemical determination, color observation, weight loss analysis, and microscopic structure determination and comparison of results.
[0045] The biological reaction tank 5 is connected to the chemical reaction tank 7, and the plastic is biodegraded in the biological reaction tank 5 and then enters the chemical reaction tank 7 for chemical degradation. The chemical reaction tank 7 is connected to the reagent storage tank 8, which stores chemical agents, including metal ions, auxiliary oxidants, etc., to simulate the chemical environment in the ocean.
[0046] In addition, the chemical reaction tank 7 is equipped with a flow meter and a pressure gauge. The flow meter is used to detect the rate of liquid drop from the reagent storage tank 8, thereby controlling the chemical reaction rate. The pressure gauge is used to monitor the pressure in the chemical reaction tank 7 to ensure that the reaction does not proceed excessively. A flow meter is installed at the inlet of the chemical degradation tank to monitor the flow of the solution in real time and feed back to the monitoring equipment. The system is set to control the flow to achieve the purpose of controlling the rate of chemical reaction.
[0047] As shown in Figure 3 , the monitoring system simulates the degradation process of plastic garbage in the marine environment through physical oxidation, mechanical fragmentation, biological degradation, and chemical degradation. After the plastic garbage is treated by the safety purification equipment to remove tail gas and chemical residues, dry plastic samples are discharged. For plastic types that cannot be biodegraded, the biological degradation process can be omitted, and the chemical degradation is performed directly after mechanical fragmentation.
[0048] In addition, the monitoring system sets multiple sensors to monitor the state of each processing stage during the entire simulation degradation process, thereby controlling the corresponding environmental conditions in each reaction tank, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, oxygen concentration, etc. The reaction tank with abnormal pressure or flow is monitored and an error is reported, realizing intelligent adjustment of the environment in each reaction tank. In order to obtain relevant data of plastic garbage degradation in the simulated marine environment and obtain weathering effect evaluation data of plastic garbage, the monitoring system also needs to monitor the state of plastic garbage in each reaction tank, and qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the brittleness, aging, shrinkage, and cracking of plastic through image analysis and appearance comparison. Specifically, the size, shape, and distribution of plastic particles can be measured to evaluate the effect of physical fragmentation; for biological and chemical degradation, chemical determination, microscope observation, weight loss analysis, and comparison with actual plastic can be used to evaluate the degradation effect.
[0049] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some technical features thereof can be replaced equivalently. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A marine plastic catalytic weathering monitoring system, characterized in that, The device comprises a physical oxidation device, a physical crushing device, a biochemical degradation device, a safety purification device and a monitoring module, wherein the biochemical degradation device comprises a biological reaction tank, a bacterial culture tank, a chemical reaction tank and a medicine storage tank, the monitoring module is used for monitoring environmental data of the physical oxidation device, the physical crushing device, the biochemical degradation device and the safety purification device and monitoring plastic degradation, and the environmental data comprises temperature and humidity; A transmission device is arranged between the discharge port of the physical oxidation device and the feed port of the biological reaction tank and between the discharge port of the biological reaction tank and the feed port of the chemical reaction tank, the transmission device comprises a transmission belt and a transmission channel, the transmission belt is arranged inside the transmission channel and is used for transferring materials, and the transmission channel is in a sealed structure; The safety purification device comprises a purification pipe and a tail gas treatment tank, the discharge port of the chemical reaction tank is communicated with the tail gas treatment tank through a transmission pipe, the transmission pipe is further provided with the purification pipe, and the device further comprises a temperature adjusting box, the temperature adjusting box is connected with the biological reaction tank, the bacterial culture tank, the chemical reaction tank, the medicine storage tank and the tail gas treatment tank through cooling pipes, and the biological reaction tank, the bacterial culture tank, the chemical reaction tank, the medicine storage tank and the tail gas treatment tank are provided with temperature sensors; The physical oxidation device comprises a weathering box, the weathering box is provided with an ultraviolet irradiation plate and a low-temperature weathering cavity, the low-temperature weathering cavity is located below the ultraviolet irradiation plate, a ventilation opening is arranged on the low-temperature weathering cavity, and the low-temperature weathering cavity is provided with a temperature sensor and a wind speed sensor; The bacterial culture tank is connected with the biological reaction tank, the bacterial culture tank is used for culturing microorganisms, and the bacterial culture tank and the biological reaction tank are respectively provided with humidity sensors, oxygen concentration sensors, wind speed sensors and pressure gauges; The chemical reaction tank is connected with the medicine storage tank, the medicine storage tank is used for storing chemical agents, the chemical reaction tank is provided with a flow meter and a pressure gauge, and the chemical reaction tank is further provided with an experimental solution.
2. The marine plastic catalyzed weathering monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The physical crushing device comprises a three-shaft crushing machine, a rolling machine and a discharge cavity, the inside of the rolling machine is provided with abrasive materials, the abrasive materials comprise sandpaper, rolling stones and branches, and the three-shaft crushing machine comprises three rotating shafts, each rotating shaft is provided with a group of cutting blades.
3. The marine plastic catalyzed weathering monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The experimental solution further comprises metal ions.