Battery device and rail traffic vehicle

Abstract

According to the battery device and the rail transit vehicle provided by the utility model, the anodes and the cathodes of a plurality of batteries are respectively connected with the switching device, and are respectively connected to the parallel low-voltage output port and the serial high-voltage output port through the parallel module and the serial module; and flexible switching between a low-voltage parallel mode and a high-voltage series mode is realized under the unified management of the control module. The structural design has the following beneficial effects: through the connection mode of the switching device, the rapid switching of the battery system among different output modes is realized, and the requirements on high-capacity low-voltage output and high-voltage output in different scenes are met; meanwhile, the control module manages the working states of the switching device, the parallel module and the series module in a centralized mode, high efficiency and safety of the switching process of the battery system are ensured, delay and risks caused by complex wiring or manual operation in the traditional switching process are avoided, and therefore the flexibility, reliability and application adaptability of the system are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a battery device and a rail transit vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of vehicles, energy storage systems, and high-efficiency power supply equipment, the performance requirements for battery systems are becoming increasingly stringent. Existing battery devices typically employ multi-cell combinations to meet the demands for large capacity and high power output.

[0003] In related technologies, many battery systems only support one connection mode: parallel or series. While parallel mode can provide high-capacity low-voltage output, it cannot meet the needs of high-voltage applications; series mode can provide high-voltage output, but it is inefficient in high-capacity low-voltage power supply scenarios, limiting the application range and flexibility of battery devices. In some battery systems that support multi-mode switching, switching usually relies on complex manual operation or external control units, resulting in slow switching speed, poor reliability, and susceptibility to circuit conflicts or short circuits, affecting system stability and safety. Moreover, the protection functions of battery devices are relatively simple, unable to provide effective protection against instantaneous high currents or abnormal conditions (such as overcurrent or short circuits) during mode switching. This lack of a comprehensive protection mechanism can easily lead to battery damage or even safety accidents.

[0004] Therefore, there is a technical problem in the related technology of low efficiency in switching between parallel low-voltage and series high-voltage modes of battery devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and provide a battery device and rail transit vehicle to solve the technical problem of low switching efficiency of battery devices between parallel low-voltage and series high-voltage modes in related technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery device, the device comprising:

[0008] At least two batteries, each with a switching device at its positive and negative terminals;

[0009] The parallel module has one end electrically connected to the battery via the switching device, and the other end connected to the parallel low-voltage output port.

[0010] A series module, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery via the switching device, and the other end of which is connected to the serial high voltage output port;

[0011] The control module has its signal output terminals connected to the switching device, the parallel module, and the series module, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the parallel module includes:

[0013] A parallel busbar, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery via the switching device;

[0014] The first switch module has one end connected to the other end of the parallel bus, and the other end of the first switch module is connected to the parallel low-voltage output port.

[0015] Furthermore, the serial module includes:

[0016] A series busbar, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery via the switching device;

[0017] A pre-charging circuit module, one end of which is connected to the other end of the series bus, and the other end of the pre-charging circuit module is connected to the serial high voltage output port.

[0018] The second switch module is connected in parallel with the pre-charging circuit module.

[0019] Furthermore, the serial module also includes:

[0020] The main safety module is located between the other end of the series busbar and one end of the pre-charging circuit module.

[0021] Furthermore, the main insurance module is a fast-acting fuse.

[0022] Furthermore, the switching device includes at least one relay, the signal input terminal of which is connected to the signal output terminal of the control module, and the relay is used to control the switching between the parallel module and the series module.

[0023] Furthermore, the battery is a lead-acid battery, a lithium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, or a fuel cell.

[0024] Furthermore, the control module is a BMS module or a combination of a BMS module and an ECU module.

[0025] Furthermore, the device also includes a battery control box housing, the control module being disposed inside the battery control box housing, and the first switch module, the pre-charge circuit module, the second switch module, and the main fuse module all being disposed inside the battery control box housing.

[0026] Secondly, this utility model provides a rail transit vehicle, including a battery device as described above.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] The battery device provided by this utility model connects the positive and negative terminals of multiple batteries to a switching device, and then connects them to a parallel low-voltage output port and a serial high-voltage output port through parallel and series modules, respectively. Under the unified management of the control module, it realizes flexible switching between low-voltage parallel mode and high-voltage series mode. This structural design has the following advantages: the connection method of the switching device enables rapid conversion of the battery system between different output modes, meeting the needs of large-capacity low-voltage output and high-voltage output in different scenarios; at the same time, the control module centrally manages the working status of the switching device, parallel module, and series module, ensuring the efficiency and safety of the battery system switching process, avoiding the delays and risks caused by complex wiring or manual operation in traditional switching processes, thereby greatly improving the system's flexibility, reliability, and application adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a battery device provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a battery device provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0031] In the attached diagram: Battery-1, Switching device-11, Parallel bus-21, First switch module-22, Series bus-31, Pre-charge circuit module-32, Second switch module-33, Main fuse module-34, Control module-4, BMS module-41, ECU module-42, Battery control box body-5. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a battery device, which may include:

[0034] At least two batteries 1, each with a switching device 11 at its positive and negative terminals.

[0035] In this embodiment, the battery 1 can be a lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion batteries have high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate, making them suitable for scenarios with high energy storage requirements.

[0036] In this embodiment, the battery 1 may be a lithium iron phosphate battery.

[0037] In this embodiment, the battery 1 may be a lead-acid battery.

[0038] In this embodiment, the battery 1 can be a nickel-metal hydride battery.

[0039] In this embodiment, the battery 1 may be a fuel cell.

[0040] In this embodiment, the positive and negative terminals of each battery 1 are connected to the main circuit through their respective switching devices 11. The switching device 11 may integrate an electronic switch (e.g., a relay or contactor) for changing the connection state, thereby enabling the batteries 1 to switch between parallel and series connections.

[0041] In parallel low-voltage mode, the switching device 11 connects the positive and negative terminals of battery 1 to the parallel bus 21 respectively, so that the voltage of all batteries 1 is the same and outputs a low-voltage, high-capacity DC 110V power supply.

[0042] In the series high voltage mode, the switching device 11 switches the connection state, connecting the batteries 1 one by one in series, and outputting high voltage power (the voltage of multiple batteries 1 is superimposed).

[0043] The switching device 11 can control the state of its internal switches by receiving signals from the control module 4 (BMS+ECU). According to the control signal, the switching device 11 adjusts the connection method of the battery 1 to ensure safe and accurate circuit connection in different output modes (parallel low-voltage mode and series high-voltage mode).

[0044] It is understood that the switching device 11 can be connected to the control module 4 by signal and perform the switching operation by receiving instructions from the control module 4.

[0045] In this embodiment, the switching device 11 can be a switching box, which can house relays located at the positive and negative terminals of the battery 1. Correspondingly, the relays are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery 1.

[0046] In some embodiments, the switching device 11 may also be a contactor built into the switching box.

[0047] In some embodiments, the switching device 11 may also be an electronic switch module built into the switching box.

[0048] In some embodiments, the switching device 11 may also be a semiconductor relay built into the switching box.

[0049] The parallel module has one end electrically connected to the battery 1 via the switching device 11, and the other end connected to the parallel low-voltage output port.

[0050] In this embodiment, the parallel module may include: a parallel bus 21, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery 1 through the switching device 11; and a first switch module 22, one end of which is connected to the other end of the parallel bus 21, and the other end of the first switch module 22 is connected to the parallel low-voltage output port.

[0051] In this embodiment, the parallel bus 21 is used to connect the positive and negative output terminals of multiple electrical boxes together through the switching device 11, thereby realizing the parallel connection of batteries 1. One end of the bus is connected to the positive and negative terminals of each battery 1 through the switching device 11, and the other end is connected to the parallel low-voltage output port through the first switching module 22.

[0052] One end of the first switch module 22 is connected to the parallel bus 21, and the other end is connected to the parallel low-voltage output port. Its function is to control the output of the parallel module by switching it on and off, thereby controlling the on / off state of the low-voltage output.

[0053] In parallel operation, the system can output a stable low-voltage, high-capacity power supply (such as DC 110V), suitable for scenarios requiring high-capacity, low-voltage power. The first switch module 22 controls the on / off state of the parallel module's output. When low-voltage output is required, the first switch module 22 closes, ensuring that battery 1's power flows through the parallel bus 21 to the parallel low-voltage output port. When switching to other modes (such as high-voltage series mode), the first switch module 22 opens, isolating the parallel circuit and preventing circuit conflicts.

[0054] Specifically, when control module 4 receives a low-voltage power supply demand command, switching device 11 adjusts the connection mode of the battery box (composed of batteries 1), connecting the positive and negative terminals of the battery box through parallel bus 21. First switch module 22 closes, connecting parallel bus 21 to the parallel low-voltage output port. The battery box outputs a stable low-voltage power supply in parallel mode. When switching to high-voltage mode is required, first switch module 22 opens, stopping the output of the parallel module. Control module 4 then switches to the series module connection state.

[0055] In this embodiment, the first switch module 22 may be a relay.

[0056] In this embodiment, the first switch module 22 may be a contactor.

[0057] In this embodiment, the first switch module 22 may be an electronic switch module.

[0058] The series module has one end electrically connected to the battery 1 via the switching device 11, and the other end connected to the serial high voltage output port.

[0059] In this embodiment, the series module includes: a series bus 31, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery 1 via the switching device 11; a pre-charge circuit module 32, one end of which is connected to the other end of the series bus 31, and the other end of the pre-charge circuit module 32 is connected to the serial high-voltage output port; and a second switch module 33, which is connected in parallel with the pre-charge circuit module 32.

[0060] In this embodiment, the series bus 31 is used to connect multiple batteries sequentially via the switching device 11 to form a series circuit. One end of the bus is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the batteries via the switching device 11, sequentially superimposing the output voltages of the multiple batteries 1. The other end of the bus is connected to the pre-charging circuit module 32 and the second switching module 33.

[0061] The pre-charge circuit module 32 is positioned between the series bus 31 and the serial high-voltage output port to limit current surges during system startup or mode switching, ensuring smooth circuit operation. One end of it is connected to the end of the series bus 31, and the other end is connected to the serial high-voltage output port.

[0062] The second switch module 33 is connected in parallel with the pre-charge circuit module 32 and is used to control whether to bypass the pre-charge circuit module 32. One end of it is connected to the end of the series bus 31, and the other end is directly connected to the serial high-voltage output port. Its function is to close after pre-charging is completed and directly provide high-voltage output.

[0063] Understandably, multiple batteries are connected sequentially via the series bus 31 and switching device 11, causing their voltages to be superimposed, thereby achieving high-voltage output (such as the sum of the voltages of multiple battery groups 1). The addition of the pre-charge circuit module 32 allows for pre-charging of the circuit through a current-limiting resistor during system startup or switching from low-voltage to high-voltage mode, preventing the instantaneous large current generated by capacitor charging or load connection from impacting the battery and system. After pre-charging is complete, the second switch module 33 closes, bypassing the pre-charge circuit module 32 and directly supplying power to the serial high-voltage output port, thus providing efficient high-voltage output.

[0064] Specifically, when the control module 4 receives a high-voltage output demand command, the switching device 11 connects the positive and negative terminals of the battery sequentially through the series bus 31, forming a high-voltage series path. The second switch module 33 initially remains open, and current flows through the current-limiting resistor in the pre-charging circuit module 32 to pre-charge the system. After pre-charging is complete, the control module 4 instructs the second switch module 33 to close, and the current flows directly through the switch, bypassing the pre-charging circuit module 32, achieving efficient high-voltage output. When switching to low-voltage mode, the second switch module 33 opens, isolating the high-voltage series path. The control module 4 then switches the battery back to a parallel connection state.

[0065] The control module 4 has its signal output terminals connected to the switching device 11, the parallel module, and the series module, respectively.

[0066] In this embodiment, the control module 4 may include a signal output terminal and a central control unit. The signal output terminal sends control signals to the switching device 11, the parallel module, and the series module, directing each part to perform corresponding operations according to predetermined logic. The central control unit can perform logical judgments and output control signals based on battery status, load requirements, and system mode instructions. The control module 4 may also include a signal input terminal. The signal input terminal can be connected to a monitoring module (e.g., a battery management system (BMS) or a sensor unit) to receive status information such as battery voltage, current, and temperature, providing a decision-making basis for the control logic.

[0067] In this embodiment, the control module 4 can be a DSP.

[0068] In this embodiment, the control module 4 can be an FPGA.

[0069] In this embodiment, the control module 4 can be a SoC.

[0070] In this embodiment, the control module 4 can be a PLC.

[0071] Specifically, the signal output terminal can be connected to a relay or contactor in the switching device 11. It is understood that the switching device 11 may integrate a relay or contactor to control the circuit connection method (parallel or series) of the positive and negative terminals of the battery box. The signal output terminal of the control module 4 sends a switching signal to the relay, driving the relay to change the state of its contacts and switch the connection mode of battery 1. In parallel mode, the relay connects the positive and negative terminals of the battery to the parallel bus 21 respectively; in series mode, the relay changes the connection of the positive and negative terminals of the battery, connecting them one after another in series. The signal output terminal can be connected to the first switching module 22 in the parallel module (e.g., MOSFET, IGBT, or mechanical switch). The control module 4 sends a signal to the first switching module 22 through the signal output terminal, causing the switching module to close and establishing a connection between the parallel module and the low-voltage output port. When it is necessary to switch to another mode (such as series mode), the control module 4 sends a signal to the first switching module 22 to disconnect the connection and cut off the parallel circuit output. The signal output terminal can be connected to the pre-charge circuit module 32 of the series module. The control module 4 activates the pre-charge circuit module 32 through the signal output terminal, causing it to operate in the series path for current limiting protection. The signal output terminal can be connected to the second switch module 33 (e.g., MOSFET, IGBT, or mechanical switch). When pre-charging is complete, the control module 4 sends a signal to the second switch module 33 to close it, directly connecting the series bus 31 and the serial high-voltage output port.

[0072] The battery device provided in this embodiment connects the positive and negative terminals of multiple batteries 1 to a switching device 11, and then connects them to a parallel low-voltage output port and a serial high-voltage output port through parallel and series modules, respectively. Under the unified management of the control module 4, it achieves flexible switching between low-voltage parallel mode and high-voltage series mode. This structural design has the following advantages: the connection method of the switching device 11 enables rapid switching between different output modes, meeting the needs of large-capacity low-voltage output and high-voltage output in different scenarios; at the same time, the control module 4 centrally manages the working status of the switching device 11, the parallel module, and the series module, ensuring the efficiency and safety of the system switching process, avoiding the delays and risks caused by complex wiring or manual operation in traditional switching processes, thereby greatly improving the system's flexibility, reliability, and application adaptability.

[0073] In some embodiments, the parallel module includes:

[0074] Parallel bus 21, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery via the switching device 11;

[0075] The first switch module 22 has one end connected to the other end of the parallel bus 21, and the other end of the first switch module 22 is connected to the parallel low-voltage output port.

[0076] In this embodiment, by setting up a parallel bus 21 and a first switch module 22, multiple batteries are connected in parallel through a switching device 11, and the first switch module 22 controls the on / off state between the parallel bus 21 and the parallel low-voltage output port. The design of the parallel bus 21 allows the capacity of multiple batteries 1 to be combined, thereby achieving a large-capacity, stable low-voltage output to meet the demand for low-voltage, high-capacity power. The introduction of the first switch module 22 allows the parallel module to flexibly control the opening or closing of the low-voltage output, improving the system's operational flexibility and enhancing circuit isolation protection capabilities. During mode switching, it effectively prevents circuit interference between different modes, ensuring the safety and stability of system operation.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the serial module includes:

[0078] A series busbar 31 is connected at one end to the battery 1 via the switching device 11;

[0079] The pre-charging circuit module 32 has one end connected to the other end of the series bus 31, and the other end of the pre-charging circuit module 32 is connected to the serial high voltage output port.

[0080] The second switch module 33 is connected in parallel with the pre-charging circuit module 32.

[0081] In this embodiment, by setting up a series bus 31, a pre-charging circuit module 32, and a second switching module 33, efficient control and safety protection of the battery pack in the series high-voltage output mode are achieved. The series bus 31 superimposes the voltages of multiple batteries 1 through the switching device 11, enabling the system to provide high-voltage output to meet the needs of high-power devices. The addition of the pre-charging circuit module 32 effectively avoids the impact of instantaneous large current on the circuit and batteries 1 during system startup or mode switching through the current limiting function, improving the system's safety. The second switching module 33 is designed in parallel with the pre-charging circuit module 32, which can bypass the current limiting circuit after pre-charging and directly provide efficient high-voltage output, ensuring system operating efficiency and power supply stability. In addition, this design can respond quickly when switching modes, avoiding current interference or instability during mode switching, improving the overall system reliability and practicality.

[0082] In some embodiments, the serial module further includes:

[0083] The main insurance module 34 is disposed between the other end of the series bus 31 and one end of the pre-charge circuit module 32.

[0084] In this embodiment, the main fuse module 34 may be a fast-acting fuse.

[0085] In this embodiment, the main insurance module 34 may be an electronic insurance device.

[0086] In this embodiment, the main insurance module 34 may be a mechanical circuit breaker.

[0087] In this embodiment, the safety of the system under high-voltage series mode is further enhanced by setting a main fuse module 34 in the series module. The main fuse module 34 is located between the series line and the pre-charge circuit module 32, and can quickly cut off the circuit in the event of overcurrent, short circuit or other abnormalities, protecting the battery 1 and related electronic components from damage. This design adds an active protection mechanism to the series module, ensuring safety and reliability under high-voltage operation mode. At the same time, the addition of the main fuse module 34 can effectively isolate the fault point, prevent the single-point fault from spreading to the entire system, improve the fault tolerance and maintenance convenience of the system, and thus enhance the stability and practical value of the battery device in actual use scenarios.

[0088] In some embodiments, the main insurance module 34 is a fast-acting fuse.

[0089] In some embodiments, the switching device 11 includes at least one relay, the signal input terminal of which is connected to the signal output terminal of the control module 4, and the relay is used to control the switching of the parallel module and the series module.

[0090] In some embodiments, the battery is a lead-acid battery, a lithium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, or a fuel cell.

[0091] In some embodiments, the control module 4 is a BMS module 41 or a combination of a BMS module 41 and an ECU module 42.

[0092] In this embodiment, by designing the control module 4 as a BMS module 41 or a combination of BMS module 41 and ECU module 42, the functional advantages of both BMS and ECU are fully utilized. BMS module 41 can monitor and manage key parameters of battery 1 (such as voltage, current, and temperature) in real time, and provides balancing functions to improve battery pack consistency and lifespan. It also integrates multiple protection mechanisms (such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and overtemperature protection) to ensure system safety. ECU module 42, as a high-level control unit, communicates with the BMS, generates global control commands based on real-time data and system requirements, coordinates the working states of switching device 11, parallel modules, and series modules, and achieves dynamic adjustments under different modes. The combination of the two enables efficient coordination from individual battery cell management to global system control, meeting diverse needs in complex scenarios while improving system safety, intelligence, and operational efficiency.

[0093] In some embodiments, the device further includes: a battery control box 5, the control module 4 being disposed inside the battery control box 5, and the first switch module 22, the pre-charging circuit module 32, the second switch module 33 and the main fuse module 34 being disposed inside the battery control box 5.

[0094] In this embodiment, by designing a battery control box 5 and integrating the control module 4, the first switch module 22, the pre-charging circuit module 32, the second switch module 33, and the main fuse module 34 inside the box, the following advantages are achieved: Concentrating key modules within the control box not only optimizes the circuit layout and reduces the complexity of external wiring, lowering system interference and failure risks, but also improves signal transmission efficiency and response speed between modules; the box design helps provide physical protection for internal components, preventing the influence of external environments (such as vibration, moisture, or dust) on electronic components, thereby improving system reliability and durability; furthermore, the modular design of the box facilitates production, assembly, and maintenance, making system upgrades and troubleshooting more efficient, and significantly improving the overall integration and practicality of the device.

[0095] This embodiment provides a rail transit vehicle, including a battery device as described above.

[0096] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0097] Optionally, specific examples in this embodiment can refer to the examples described in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0098] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0099] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A battery device, characterized in that, The device includes: At least two batteries, each with a switching device at its positive and negative terminals; The parallel module has one end electrically connected to the battery via the switching device, and the other end connected to the parallel low-voltage output port. A series module, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery via the switching device, and the other end of which is connected to the serial high voltage output port; The control module has its signal output terminals connected to the switching device, the parallel module, and the series module, respectively.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parallel module includes: A parallel busbar, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery via the switching device; The first switch module has one end connected to the other end of the parallel bus, and the other end of the first switch module is connected to the parallel low-voltage output port.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The serial module includes: A series busbar, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery via the switching device; A pre-charging circuit module, one end of which is connected to the other end of the series bus, and the other end of the pre-charging circuit module is connected to the serial high voltage output port. The second switch module is connected in parallel with the pre-charging circuit module.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The serial module further includes: The main safety module is located between the other end of the series busbar and one end of the pre-charging circuit module.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main safety module is a fast-acting fuse.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching device includes at least one relay, the signal input terminal of which is connected to the signal output terminal of the control module, and the relay is used to control the switching between the parallel module and the series module.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery is a lead-acid battery, a lithium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, or a fuel cell.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is a BMS module or a combination of a BMS module and an ECU module.

9. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The device further includes: a battery control box housing, the control module being disposed inside the battery control box housing, and the first switch module, the pre-charge circuit module, the second switch module, and the main fuse module all being disposed inside the battery control box housing.

10. A rail transit vehicle, characterized in that, Includes a battery device as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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