Air supply and smoke exhaust device for excavation of underground cavern

Abstract

The utility model discloses an air supply and smoke exhaust device for underground cavern excavation, which belongs to the technical field of underground cavern excavation and comprises a movable track erected along the underground cavern excavation direction and a movable sliding seat connected to the top surface of the movable track in a sliding manner, and the movable sliding seat is connected with an air supply box through a hoisting connecting piece. A smoke exhaust transverse pipe is arranged on one side of the bottom face of the air supply box, the top of the smoke exhaust transverse pipe is connected with a smoke exhaust extending hose arranged along the outer wall of the moving rail, and the end, away from the smoke exhaust transverse pipe, of the smoke exhaust extending hose is connected with a smoke exhaust filtering tank at an inlet of the underground cavern. And an air supply pipeline penetrates through one side of the air supply box, and the end, away from the air supply box, of the air supply pipeline is connected with an air supply air blower located at an inlet of the underground cavern. According to the utility model, the smoke exhaust coverage range is further expanded, and smoke and harmful gas can be effectively captured and exhausted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of underground cavern excavation technology, and in particular, it is a ventilation and smoke exhaust device for underground cavern excavation. Background Technology

[0002] Underground cavern excavation work is typically carried out in enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces, generating large amounts of smoke, dust, and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. These pollutants not only affect workers' respiratory health but can also pose safety hazards such as fires and explosions. Therefore, an effective ventilation and smoke extraction system is crucial for improving the working environment and ensuring worker safety.

[0003] While existing ventilation and smoke extraction systems can meet the needs of underground cavern excavation to some extent, they have many shortcomings, particularly in handling complex and changing construction environments. Specific problems include: traditional ventilation and smoke extraction systems typically use fixed exhaust ducts and fans, making it impossible to flexibly adjust their position and direction according to the construction progress. This results in limited smoke extraction coverage, especially during tunnel extensions or turns, where the smoke extraction effect is unsatisfactory and smoke accumulation is likely to occur. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a ventilation and smoke exhaust device for underground cavern excavation, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a ventilation and smoke exhaust device for underground cavern excavation, comprising a movable track erected along the excavation direction of the underground cavern and a movable slide connected to the top surface of the movable track. The movable slide is connected to a ventilation box via a hoisting connector. A smoke exhaust horizontal pipe is provided on one side of the bottom surface of the ventilation box. Multiple smoke exhaust nozzles for negative pressure smoke extraction are equidistantly connected to the bottom surface of the smoke exhaust horizontal pipe.

[0006] The top of the horizontal exhaust pipe is connected to an exhaust extension hose that runs along the outer wall of the moving track. The end of the exhaust extension hose away from the horizontal exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust filter tank at the entrance of the underground cavern, so that the flue gas drawn from the underground cavern under negative pressure is transported to the exhaust filter tank for filtration and then discharged. An air supply pipe runs through one side of the air supply box. The end of the air supply pipe away from the air supply box is connected to the air supply blower located at the entrance of the underground cavern, so that the air supply blower inputs air into the air supply box and then discharges it from the air supply box into the underground cavern.

[0007] In this preferred embodiment, the top surface of the air supply box is bolted with a detachable top cover, and the hoisting connector includes L-shaped clamping plates welded back-to-back to the outer walls of both sides of the movable slide and a base plate welded between the two L-shaped clamping plates.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, a rotary motor is fixedly installed on the top surface of the base plate, and the output shaft of the rotary motor passes through the base plate and is fixedly connected to the detachable top cover.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, an air supply port is provided in the middle of the inner bottom wall of the air supply box, and two air supply components are symmetrically and rotatably installed in the air supply port.

[0010] In this preferred embodiment, each air supply component includes a sealed bearing embedded in the inner wall of both sides of the air supply port, a rotating shaft that is interference-fitted between two opposing sealed bearings, and multiple air supply fan blades that are annularly fixed to the outer wall of the rotating shaft.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of this design, a fan is fixed above the air supply component and inside the air supply box, and the air supply blower delivers air to the air supply box through the air supply pipe.

[0012] In this preferred embodiment, a section of air supply extension hose is sealed and connected in the middle of the air supply pipe, and a detachable filter cartridge is threadedly connected to one end of the air supply pipe near the air supply box. The detachable filter cartridge contains an interference fit filter element.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the inner cavity of the filter cartridge is respectively fitted with a first filter screen and a second filter screen at both ends. The second filter screen is located at the end near the air supply box, and the pore size of the first filter screen is smaller than that of the second filter screen.

[0014] In this preferred embodiment, the inner wall of the air supply pipe near one end of the air supply box is provided with an internal thread, and the outer wall of the detachable filter cartridge is provided with an external thread that is threadedly connected to the internal thread.

[0015] In this preferred embodiment, both ends of the air supply fan are integrally connected with connecting lugs, and both connecting lugs are fixed to the inner walls of both sides of the air supply box.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects and advantages of this utility model are as follows:

[0017] This underground cavern excavation ventilation and smoke extraction system uses traditional methods with fixed exhaust ducts and fans, which cannot be flexibly adjusted in position and direction according to the construction progress, resulting in unsatisfactory smoke extraction effects, especially in the complex environment of underground caverns where the smoke extraction coverage is limited. This technical solution addresses this by installing a movable track along the excavation direction of the underground cavern and a sliding mount connected to it. This allows the entire ventilation and smoke extraction system to be flexibly adjusted in position according to actual needs, ensuring that the horizontal exhaust duct can cover a wider area and improving smoke extraction efficiency. A rotary motor drives the air supply box to rotate, allowing the direction of the horizontal exhaust duct to be adjusted to meet different smoke extraction needs at different angles, further expanding the smoke extraction coverage and ensuring that smoke and harmful gases are effectively captured and removed.

[0018] Traditional ventilation systems often rely on a single air outlet, resulting in uneven air distribution and potential dead zones that negatively impact worker breathing quality and work efficiency. This technical solution addresses this by incorporating multiple air outlets within the air supply box. Through the coordinated action of the fan and its blades, fresh air is evenly distributed to different directions and locations within the underground cavern. This design not only improves ventilation efficiency but also ensures uniform air distribution, enhancing air quality in the working environment. A removable filter cartridge installed in the middle of the air supply duct provides preliminary filtration of the air entering the air supply box, removing large particles and ensuring clean air supplied to the underground cavern, thus reducing the risk of secondary pollution. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of the rotary motor of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detached structure of the fan of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 4 This utility model Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly structure of the detachable filter cartridge of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the first and second filter screens of this utility model.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Support column; 2. Moving track; 3. Moving slide; 4. Air supply box; 5. Smoke exhaust horizontal pipe; 6. Smoke exhaust suction head; 7. Removable sealing end cap; 8. Pipe clamp; 9. Smoke exhaust extension hose; 10. Control distribution box; 11. Smoke exhaust filter canister; 12. Servo motor; 13. Air supply blower; 14. Air supply duct; 15. Air supply extension hose; 16. Lifting connector; 17. Removable top cover; 18. L-shaped clamping plate; 19. Rotary motor; 20. Air supply outlet; 21. Connecting ear plate; 22. Air supply fan; 23. Sealed bearing; 24. Rotating shaft; 25. Air supply fan blade; 26. Internal threaded path; 27. Removable filter cartridge; 28. External threaded path; 29. ​​Filter cartridge; 30. First filter screen; 31. Second filter screen; 32. Base plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described in order to avoid confusion with the present invention.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, the directions mentioned herein, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, and outside, are based on the directions shown in the figures of this utility model, and are explained here together.

[0030] This embodiment provides, for example Figures 1 to 6 The illustrated ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation includes a movable track 2 erected along the excavation direction of the underground cavern and a movable slide 3 slidably connected to the top surface of the movable track 2. The movable slide 3 is connected to a ventilation box 4 via a hoisting connector 16. A smoke extraction horizontal pipe 5 is provided on one side of the bottom surface of the ventilation box 4. Multiple smoke extraction nozzles 6 for negative pressure smoke extraction are equidistantly connected to the bottom surface of the smoke extraction horizontal pipe 5. A smoke extraction extension hose 9, which is routed along the outer wall of the movable track 2, is connected to the top of the smoke extraction horizontal pipe 5. The end of the exhaust extension hose 9 away from the exhaust horizontal pipe 5 is connected to the exhaust filter tank 11 at the entrance of the underground cavern, so that the flue gas drawn from the underground cavern under negative pressure is transported to the exhaust filter tank 11 for filtration and then discharged. An air supply pipe 14 runs through one side of the air supply box 4, and the end of the air supply pipe 14 away from the air supply box 4 is connected to the air supply blower 13 located at the entrance of the underground cavern, so that the air supply blower 13 inputs air into the air supply box 4 and then discharges it from the air supply box 4 to the underground cavern.

[0031] In this embodiment, a removable top cover 17 is bolted to the top surface of the air supply box 4. The hoisting connector 16 includes L-shaped clamping plates 18 welded back-to-back to the outer walls of both sides of the movable slide block 3 and a bottom plate 32 welded between the two L-shaped clamping plates 18. The bottom surfaces of the two L-shaped clamping plates 18 and the bottom plate 32 are in frictional contact with the top surface of the removable top cover 17.

[0032] In this embodiment, a rotary motor 19 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the base plate 32. The output shaft of the rotary motor 19 passes through the base plate 32 and is fixedly connected to the detachable top cover 17, so that the rotary motor 19 can drive the air supply box 4 to rotate, thereby adjusting the direction and position of the exhaust horizontal pipe 5.

[0033] In this embodiment, an air supply port 20 is provided in the middle of the inner bottom wall of the air supply box 4, and two air supply components are symmetrically and rotatably installed in the air supply port 20.

[0034] In this embodiment, each air supply component includes a sealed bearing 23 embedded in the inner walls of both sides of the air supply port 20, a rotating shaft 24 that is interference-fitted between two opposite sealed bearings 23, and a plurality of air supply fan blades 25 that are annularly fixed to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 24.

[0035] In this embodiment, an air supply fan 22 is fixed above the air supply component and inside the air supply box 4. The air supply blower 13 delivers air to the air supply box 4 through the air supply pipe 14. The air supply fan 22 blows air toward the air supply fan blades 25, causing the rotating shaft 24 to rotate, thereby delivering air from the air supply port 20 to different directions and positions of the underground cavern.

[0036] In this embodiment, a section of air supply extension hose 15 is sealed in the middle of the air supply pipe 14, and a detachable filter cartridge 27 is threadedly connected to the air supply pipe 14 near the air supply box 4. A filter element cartridge 29 is interference-fitted in the detachable filter cartridge 27.

[0037] In this embodiment, the inner cavity of the filter cartridge 29 is respectively press-fitted with a first filter screen 30 and a second filter screen 31 at both ends. The second filter screen 31 is located at one end near the air supply box 4. The pore size of the first filter screen 30 is smaller than that of the second filter screen 31, so that the air entering the underground cavern after passing through the first filter screen 30 and the second filter screen 31 is filtered and purified.

[0038] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the air supply pipe 14 near the air supply box 4 is provided with an internal thread 26, and the outer wall of the detachable filter cartridge 27 is provided with an external thread 28 that is threadedly connected to the internal thread 26.

[0039] In this embodiment, both ends of the fan 22 are integrally connected with connecting ear plates 21. Both connecting ear plates 21 are fixed to the inner walls of both sides of the air supply box 4. Both ends of the bottom surface of the moving track 2 are fixed with supporting columns 1. A servo motor 12 is installed on the outer wall of one end of the moving track 2. A pipe clamp 8 for hanging the exhaust extension hose 9 is installed on the outer wall of the moving track 2. Both ends of the exhaust horizontal pipe 5 are threaded with detachable sealing end caps 7. An operation distribution box 10 is installed on the outer wall of one of the supporting columns 1. The operation distribution box 10 has a PLC for controlling the opening and closing of the servo motor 12, the air supply blower 13, the rotary motor 19, the fan 22, and the negative pressure exhaust pump on the top surface of the exhaust filter canister 11.

[0040] Working principle:

[0041] The ventilation and smoke extraction system for underground cavern excavation connects the operating distribution box 10 to an external power source and initializes all electrical and mechanical equipment via PLC control. It ensures the proper functioning of all control modules, particularly those controlling the servo motor 12, ventilation blower 13, rotary motor 19, ventilation fan 22, and the negative pressure exhaust pump atop the smoke extraction filter tank 11. Based on the excavation progress and specific requirements, the servo motor 12 drives the lead screw in the moving track 2, causing the lead screw to drive the moving slide 3 along the track 2, bringing the ventilation box 4 to the predetermined working position. During movement, pipe clamps 8 ensure a stable connection for the smoke extraction extension hose 9. The rotary motor 19 drives the ventilation box 4 to rotate, adjusting the direction of the horizontal smoke extraction pipe 5 so that its smoke extraction nozzle 6 can cover the optimal smoke extraction area. A removable sealing end cap 7 ensures a seal at both ends of the horizontal smoke extraction pipe 5, preventing outside air from entering.

[0042] The PLC in the control box 10 starts the air supply blower 13. The air supply blower 13 generates a strong airflow, which delivers fresh air into the air supply box 4 through the air supply duct 14. The air supply extension hose 15 installed in the middle of the air supply duct 14 contains a removable filter cartridge 27, which contains a filter element cartridge 29. The first filter screen 30 and the second filter screen 31 in the cartridge perform preliminary filtration of the air entering the air supply box 4, removing large particulate impurities and ensuring the air quality delivered to the underground cavern.

[0043] The air supply vents 20 within the air supply box 4 are evenly distributed, allowing fresh air to be effectively dispersed throughout the underground cavern. The air supply fan 22 is fixed to the inner walls of both sides of the air supply box 4 via connecting lugs 21, enhancing airflow within the box and helping to propel air through the fan blades 25. The airflow generated by the fan 22 blows onto the fan blades 25, and through the rotating shaft 24 supported by the sealed bearing 23, the fan blades 25 rotate, further improving air supply efficiency and ensuring that fresh air is evenly delivered to different directions and locations within the underground cavern.

[0044] The PLC in the control box 10 starts the negative pressure exhaust pump at the top of the smoke filter tank 11, creating a negative pressure environment. Multiple smoke extraction nozzles 6 at the bottom of the horizontal smoke extraction pipe 5 begin to extract smoke, dust, and other harmful gases generated within the underground cavern. The design of the smoke extraction nozzles 6 allows for flexible adjustment of their position according to actual needs, ensuring optimal smoke extraction performance.

[0045] The inhaled smoke is transported to the smoke extraction filter canister 11 via the horizontal exhaust pipe 5 and the exhaust extension hose 9. The flexible design of the exhaust extension hose 9 allows the exhaust path to change as the equipment moves, ensuring the continuity and stability of smoke transmission. The first filter 30 and the second filter 31 inside the smoke extraction filter canister 11 perform multi-stage purification of the extracted smoke, removing harmful substances and ensuring that the emitted air quality meets environmental standards. The purified air is finally discharged into the external environment, protecting the health of construction workers and the surrounding environment.

[0046] When the excavation of the underground cavern is completed or needs to be paused, the operator uses the PLC control in the control box 10 to sequentially stop the air supply blower 13, the negative pressure exhaust pump, and other related equipment. After confirming that all equipment has completely stopped, disconnect the power connection of the control box 10 to ensure safety.

[0047] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "one" and "two" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation, comprising a movable track (2) erected along the excavation direction of the underground cavern and a movable slide (3) slidably connected to the top surface of the movable track (2), characterized in that: The movable slide (3) is connected to the air supply box (4) via the hoisting connector (16). A smoke exhaust horizontal pipe (5) is provided on one side of the bottom surface of the air supply box (4). Multiple smoke exhaust nozzles (6) for negative pressure smoke extraction are equidistantly connected to the bottom surface of the smoke exhaust horizontal pipe (5). The top of the horizontal exhaust pipe (5) is connected to an exhaust extension hose (9) that runs along the outer wall of the moving track (2). The end of the exhaust extension hose (9) away from the horizontal exhaust pipe (5) is connected to the exhaust filter tank (11) at the entrance of the underground cavern, so that the flue gas drawn from the underground cavern under negative pressure is transported to the exhaust filter tank (11) for filtration and then discharged. An air supply pipe (14) runs through one side of the air supply box (4). The end of the air supply pipe (14) away from the air supply box (4) is connected to the air supply blower (13) located at the entrance of the underground cavern, so that the air supply blower (13) inputs air into the air supply box (4) and then discharges it from the air supply box (4) into the underground cavern.

2. The ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the air supply box (4) is bolted with a detachable top cover (17), and the hoisting connector (16) includes L-clamping plates (18) welded back to back to the outer walls of the two sides of the movable slide (3) and a base plate (32) welded between the two L-clamping plates (18).

3. The ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rotary motor (19) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the base plate (32). The output shaft of the rotary motor (19) passes through the base plate (32) and is fixedly connected to the detachable top cover (17).

4. The ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation according to claim 3, characterized in that: An air supply port (20) is provided in the middle of the inner bottom wall of the air supply box (4), and two air supply components are symmetrically and rotatably installed in the air supply port (20).

5. A ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the aforementioned air supply components includes a sealed bearing (23) embedded in the inner wall of both sides of the air supply port (20), a rotating shaft (24) that is interference-fitted between the two opposite sealed bearings (23), and a plurality of air supply fan blades (25) that are annularly fixed to the outer wall of the rotating shaft (24).

6. A ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation according to claim 5, characterized in that: An air supply fan (22) is fixed above the air supply component and inside the air supply box (4). The air supply blower (13) delivers air to the air supply box (4) through the air supply pipe (14).

7. A ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air supply pipe (14) is sealed in the middle with a section of air supply extension hose (15). A detachable filter cartridge (27) is threadedly connected to one end of the air supply pipe (14) near the air supply box (4). A filter element cartridge (29) is interference-fitted in the detachable filter cartridge (27).

8. A ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the filter cartridge (29) is respectively fitted with a first filter screen (30) and a second filter screen (31). The second filter screen (31) is located at the end near the air supply box (4). The pore size of the first filter screen (30) is smaller than that of the second filter screen (31).

9. A ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation according to claim 8, characterized in that: An internal thread (26) is provided on the inner wall of the air supply pipe (14) near one end of the air supply box (4), and an external thread (28) is provided on the outer wall of the detachable filter cylinder (27) that is threaded to the internal thread (26).

10. A ventilation and smoke extraction device for underground cavern excavation according to claim 9, characterized in that: Both ends of the air supply fan (22) are integrally connected with connecting ear plates (21), and both connecting ear plates (21) are fixed on the inner walls of both sides of the air supply box (4).

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