Three-electrode battery and electric equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a three-electrode battery and electric equipment, and the three-electrode battery comprises a shell with an accommodating cavity; the battery cell is accommodated in the accommodating cavity, and the battery cell comprises a first main body part and a tab part arranged at one end of the first main body part; the conductive part is electrically connected with the part, close to the first main body part, of the tab part, and at least one end of the conductive part extends out of the shell; one end of the reference electrode is arranged on the diaphragm of the battery cell, and the other end of the reference electrode extends out of the shell; by monitoring the part, extending out of the shell, of the conductive piece, the potential state of the junction of the active substance on the pole piece and the current collector can be effectively monitored, and the potential state is closer to the potential of the real pole piece; accurate monitoring of the potential of the pole piece is effectively achieved, the real potential of the pole piece can be reflected more accurately, and therefore the accuracy of analysis of the fast charging capacity of the three-electrode battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of batteries, specifically relating to three-electrode batteries and electrical devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of lithium battery technology, accelerating the improvement of battery fast-charging performance has become a key area of ​​intense competition in the industry. However, when the charging current exceeds the fast-charging threshold designed for the battery, lithium deposition at the negative electrode becomes a potential safety threat, requiring battery manufacturers to accurately assess the actual fast-charging capability of the battery. Traditional assessment methods rely on constructing a three-electrode battery system and inferring the fast-charging limit by monitoring the voltage change between the negative electrode bus and the reference electrode. Based on the lithium deposition mechanism, when the voltage of the negative electrode bus relative to the reference electrode drops below 0V, the risk of lithium deposition is considered to increase. Therefore, by analyzing this voltage difference at different charging rates, the fast-charging potential of the battery can be indirectly assessed.

[0003] However, practice shows that such assessments often underestimate the battery's true fast-charging capability. Even if the charging current exceeds the assessed fast-charging limit, lithium plating may not actually occur in the battery. This is due to a fundamental limitation of the assessment system: the voltage at the negative electrode busbar does not directly reflect the true potential of the negative electrode active material. This is because the current must overcome multiple internal resistance barriers as it flows from the negative electrode active material to the negative electrode busbar, each step consuming a certain amount of voltage. This voltage drop causes the potential of the negative electrode busbar to be more negatively offset compared to the true potential of the negative electrode active material, resulting in an underestimation of the fast-charging capability based on the voltage difference between the negative electrode busbar and the reference electrode. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a three-electrode battery and related electrical equipment, thereby solving the technical problem that existing methods for evaluating the fast-charging capability of three-electrode battery systems underestimate the actual fast-charging capability of the battery.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a three-electrode battery, comprising:

[0007] The housing has a receiving cavity;

[0008] A battery cell is housed within the accommodating cavity, and the battery cell includes a first main body portion and a tab portion disposed at one end of the first main body portion;

[0009] A conductive element is electrically connected to the portion of the electrode near the first main body portion, and at least one end of the conductive element extends outside the housing;

[0010] The reference electrode has one end disposed on the separator of the battery cell and the other end extending outside the housing.

[0011] In some embodiments, the conductive element includes an abutment portion and a second body portion, the second body portion being disposed at at least one end of the abutment portion, the abutment portion being electrically connected to a portion of the tab portion near the first body portion, the end of the second body portion away from the abutment portion extending outside the housing, and the second body portion being insulated from the first body portion and / or the housing.

[0012] In some embodiments, the abutting portion is disposed corresponding to the tab portion of at least one winding of the battery cell, and the tab portion is folded along the edge of the battery cell toward the center of the battery cell;

[0013] Alternatively, the tab portion may be folded along the center of the battery cell toward the edge of the battery cell;

[0014] The tab at least partially covers the abutment portion.

[0015] In some embodiments, the battery cell has an inner ring, an outer ring, and a middle ring disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring, and the abutting portion is disposed corresponding to the tab portion of the inner ring;

[0016] And / or, the abutting portion is provided corresponding to the tab portion of the innermost ring of the inner ring of the battery cell;

[0017] And / or, the abutting portion is provided corresponding to the tab portion of the middle ring of the battery cell.

[0018] In some embodiments, two electrode portions are provided, and the two electrode portions are spaced apart and disposed on the same side of the first main body. The orthographic projection of each electrode portion on the end face of the first main body is a fan shape. The shape of the abutment portion matches the arc edge of the fan shape. At least one of the two electrode portions is electrically connected to the abutment portion.

[0019] In some embodiments, the second body portion includes a first extension and a second extension, the first extension connecting the abutment portion and the second extension, the first extension being located at the end face of the battery cell, the second extension being located at the side face of the battery cell, and the end of the second extension away from the first extension extending to the outside of the housing.

[0020] In some embodiments, the second extension is bonded to the side of the battery cell.

[0021] In some embodiments, when two second body portions are provided, the first extension of one of the two second body portions is connected to one end of the abutment portion, the first extension of the other of the two second body portions is connected to the other end of the abutment portion, and the second extension of one of the two second body portions extends to the outside of the housing at the end away from the first extension.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first main body includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a diaphragm disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode have opposite polarities. The outermost diaphragm of the battery cell is provided with an insulating member. At least two reference electrodes are provided, with one end of each of the at least two reference electrodes located between the diaphragm and the insulating member.

[0023] The insulating element is disposed between the diaphragm and the first electrode near the diaphragm;

[0024] Alternatively, the insulating element may be disposed between the diaphragm and a second electrode near the diaphragm.

[0025] Secondly, this utility model provides an electrical device, including the three-electrode battery of the above embodiment.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are as follows:

[0027] This utility model discloses a three-electrode battery. Through the coordinated use of a casing, a battery cell, a conductive element, and a reference electrode, the casing has a cavity for housing the battery cell. The battery cell includes a first main body and a tab disposed at one end of the first main body. The conductive element is electrically connected to the portion of the tab near the first main body. At least one end of the conductive element extends outside the casing. One end of the reference electrode is disposed on the outermost separator of the battery cell, and the other end extends outside the casing. This structural arrangement effectively prevents current flow through the conductive element during charging and discharging, thus ensuring a uniform overall potential of the conductive element. This is achieved through monitoring... The portion of the conductive component extending outside the casing can effectively monitor the potential state at the interface between the active material and the current collector on the electrode. This potential state is closer to the actual electrode potential. Furthermore, by conducting performance tests on the three-electrode battery, the voltage change of the portion of the conductive component extending outside the casing relative to the voltage of the reference electrode can be effectively monitored. In other words, the voltage change at the interface between the active material and the current collector on the electrode relative to the voltage of the reference electrode can be monitored. This not only effectively achieves accurate monitoring of the electrode potential but also more accurately reflects the actual electrode potential, thereby improving the accuracy of the analysis of the fast-charging capability of the three-electrode battery.

[0028] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-electrode battery of this utility model.

[0031] Figure 2 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the conductive component of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the conductive component of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 4 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the battery cell of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 5 This is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 6 This is the third schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell of this utility model.

[0036] Figure 7 This is the fourth schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 8 This is the fifth schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell of this utility model.

[0038] Figure 9 This is the sixth schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell of this utility model.

[0039] Figure 10 This is the seventh schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell of this utility model.

[0040] The reference numerals in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0041] 100. Three-electrode battery;

[0042] 10. Shell; 11. Receiving cavity;

[0043] 20. Battery cell; 21. Outermost ring; 22. First main body; 221. First electrode; 222. Second electrode; 223. Separator; 224. Insulator; 23. Tab; 24. Inner ring of battery cell; 25. Middle ring of battery cell; 26. Outer ring of battery cell; 27. End face of battery cell; 28. Side of battery cell;

[0044] 30. Reference electrode;

[0045] 40. Conductive component; 41. Abutting part; 42. Second main body part; 421. First extension section; 422. Second extension section. Detailed Implementation

[0046] If certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components, those skilled in the art will understand that hardware manufacturers may use different names to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in name, but rather on differences in function. The term "comprising" as used throughout the specification and claims is an open-ended term and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." "Approximately" means that within an acceptable margin of error, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem and substantially achieve the technical effect within a certain margin of error.

[0047] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0049] The following will be combined with the appendix Figures 1-10 The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0050] The electrical device of this utility model embodiment includes a three-electrode battery 100. The electrical device can be a car, mobile phone, portable device, laptop, ship, spacecraft, electric toy, and power tool, etc. Cars can be gasoline-powered cars, natural gas-powered cars, or new energy vehicles; new energy vehicles can be pure electric cars, hybrid electric cars, or range-extended electric cars, etc.; spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.; electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.; power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc. This application embodiment does not impose any special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical device.

[0051] Please see Figures 1-10 The three-electrode battery 100 of this utility model embodiment includes a housing 10, a battery cell 20, a conductive element 40, and a reference electrode 30. The housing 10 has a receiving cavity 11. The battery cell 20 is housed within the receiving cavity 11 and includes a first main body portion 22 and a tab portion 23 disposed at one end of the first main body portion 22. The conductive element 40 is electrically connected to the portion of the tab portion 23 near the first main body portion 22, and at least one end of the conductive element 40 extends outside the housing 10. The reference electrode 30 has one end disposed on the separator 223 of the battery cell 20 and the other end extending outside the housing 10. In this embodiment, the reference electrode 30 can be disposed on the separator 223 of the outermost ring 21 of the battery cell 20. Of course, in other possible embodiments, the reference electrode 30 can be disposed on the separator 223 of other rings. Disposing it on the outermost ring 21 makes operation more convenient.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the three-electrode battery 100 of this utility model embodiment, through the cooperative use of the housing 10, the battery cell 20, the conductive element 40, and the reference electrode 30, has a receiving cavity 11 for accommodating the battery cell 20. The battery cell 20 includes a first main body 22 and an electrode tab 23 disposed at one end of the first main body 22. The conductive element 40 is electrically connected to the portion of the electrode tab 23 near the first main body 22. At least one end of the conductive element 40 extends outside the housing 10. One end of the reference electrode 30 is disposed on the separator 223 of the battery cell 20, and the other end extends outside the housing 10. Through the above structural arrangement, the conductive element 40 is effectively prevented from having current flowing during the charging and discharging process of the battery cell 20, thereby making... The uniformity of the overall potential of the conductive element 40 allows for effective monitoring of the potential state at the interface between the active material and the current collector on the electrode by monitoring the portion of the conductive element 40 extending outside the casing 10. This potential state is closer to the actual electrode potential. Furthermore, by conducting performance tests on the three-electrode battery 100, the voltage change of the portion of the conductive element 40 extending outside the casing 10 relative to the voltage of the reference electrode 30 can be effectively monitored. In other words, monitoring the voltage change at the interface between the active material and the current collector on the electrode relative to the voltage of the reference electrode 30 not only effectively achieves accurate monitoring of the electrode potential but also more precisely reflects the actual electrode potential, thereby improving the accuracy of the fast-charging capability analysis of the three-electrode battery 100.

[0053] Understandably, when current flows, it causes a voltage change, always flowing from a high potential to a low potential. Since the conductive element 40 does not form a closed circuit, it does not participate in conduction during the current flow from the positive to the negative terminal of the cell 20. This ensures that every point on the conductive element 40 has the same potential; that is, the voltage at the connection point between the conductive element 40 and the tab 23 is exactly the same as the potential of the portion of the conductive element 40 extending outside the housing 10. Based on this principle, by monitoring the portion of the conductive element 40 extending outside the housing 10, precise monitoring of the potential of the portion of the tab 23 near the first main body 22 can be achieved.

[0054] Please see Figures 1-3 as well as Figures 5-8In some embodiments, the conductive element 40 includes an abutment portion 41 and a second main body portion 42. The second main body portion 42 is disposed at at least one end of the abutment portion 41. The abutment portion 41 is electrically connected to the portion of the electrode portion 23 near the first main body portion 22. The end of the second main body portion 42 away from the abutment portion 41 extends outside the housing 10, and the second main body portion 42 is insulated from the first main body portion 22 and / or the housing 10. Through the cooperative use of the abutment portion 41 and the second main body portion 42, and with the second main body portion 42 disposed at at least one end of the abutment portion 41, since the abutment portion 41 and the second main body portion 42 have the same potential, the potential of the abutment portion 41 can be accurately monitored by monitoring the portion of the second main body portion 42 extending outside the housing 10, thereby effectively monitoring the potential state at the interface between the active material and the current collector on the electrode. Furthermore, by insulating the second main body portion 42 from the first main body portion 22 and / or the housing 10, unnecessary loops formed by current through the conductive element 40 are effectively avoided, thereby preventing potential short-circuit risks. This insulation design not only improves the safety of the three-electrode battery 100, but also ensures that the accuracy of potential monitoring is not interfered with.

[0055] Furthermore, the second main body portion 42 is insulated from the first main body portion 22 and / or the housing 10. This insulation can be achieved by wrapping an insulating layer or coating an insulating material on the surface of the second main body portion 42. Wrapping an insulating layer or coating an insulating material not only provides electrical isolation but also enhances the structural stability between the second main body portion 42 and the first main body portion 22 and / or the housing 10. These insulating materials typically possess good wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance, which can extend the service life of the three-electrode battery 100 system.

[0056] Similarly, the surface of the reference electrode 30 is covered with an insulating layer or coated with an insulating material. Before placing the reference electrode 30 on the diaphragm 223 of the outermost ring 21 of the cell 20, the connection end between the reference electrode 30 and the diaphragm 223 of the outermost ring 21 of the cell 20 can be immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid to remove the insulating layer or insulating material on the surface of the reference electrode 30.

[0057] Please see Figures 5-8In some embodiments, the abutment portion 41 is correspondingly disposed with the tab portion 23 of at least one winding of the cell 20, and the tab portion 23 is folded along the edge of the cell 20 toward the center of the cell 20; or, the tab portion 23 is folded along the center of the cell 20 toward the edge of the cell 20; the tab portion 23 at least partially covers the abutment portion 41. The corresponding arrangement of the abutment portion 41 and the tab portion 23, and the at least partial coverage of the abutment portion 41 by the tab portion 23, ensures good electrical contact between them. This tight contact reduces resistance and improves current transmission efficiency, thereby enhancing the performance and stability of the three-electrode battery 100. By folding the tab portion 23 over the abutment portion 41, an additional fixing structure is formed, enhancing the connection strength between the cell 20 and the conductive element 40. This helps prevent loosening or breakage of the connection due to vibration or temperature changes during the charging and discharging of the three-electrode battery 100.

[0058] Please see Figures 4-8 In some embodiments, the battery cell 20 has an inner ring 24, an outer ring 26, and a middle ring 25 disposed between the inner ring 24 and the outer ring 26. The abutment portion 41 is correspondingly disposed with the tab 23 of the inner ring 24; and / or, the abutment portion 41 is correspondingly disposed with the tab 23 of the innermost ring of the inner ring 24; and / or, the abutment portion 41 is correspondingly disposed with the tab 23 of the middle ring 25. By correspondingly distributing the abutment portion 41 with the tabs 23 of the inner ring 24, the innermost ring of the inner ring 24, and the middle ring 25, it is possible to ensure that the electrical connection point is located in a suitable position within the battery cell 20, thereby improving electrical connection efficiency. When the contact portion 41 is positioned corresponding to the tab portion 23 of the innermost ring of the inner ring 24 of the cell, the space of the cell 20 can be fully utilized, making the structure of the three-electrode battery 100 more compact. This helps to improve the internal space utilization of the three-electrode battery 100 and increase the energy density of the three-electrode battery 100.

[0059] Furthermore, by providing contact portions 41 at the tabs 23 of the inner ring 24, the innermost tab 23 of the inner ring 24, and the tabs 23 of the middle ring 25, the potential of different regions of the cell 20 during charging and discharging is effectively monitored. By detecting the potential of different regions in the cell 20, the lowest point of the electrode potential can be accurately identified. In subsequent design stages, it is only necessary to ensure that this lowest point of the electrode potential is not lower than 0mV to avoid lithium deposition, thereby effectively ensuring the safety and performance of the three-electrode battery 100.

[0060] Please see Figures 4-8In some embodiments, two tabs 23 are provided, spaced apart and disposed on the same side of the first main body 22. The orthographic projection of each tab 23 onto the end face of the first main body 22 is fan-shaped, and the shape of the abutment portion 41 matches the arc-shaped edge of the fan. At least one of the two tabs 23 is electrically connected to the abutment portion 41. By matching the arc-shaped edge of the abutment portion 41 with the fan-shaped edge of the tab 23, the electrical connection between the two is made tighter and more stable, reducing contact resistance and thus improving the power transmission efficiency. In addition, a stable electrical connection can reduce the failure of the three-electrode battery 100 caused by poor contact or looseness, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the three-electrode battery 100.

[0061] In some embodiments, the polarities of the two tabs 23 can be the same or opposite. When the polarities of the two tabs 23 are the same, a tab 23 with the opposite polarity is correspondingly provided at the other end of the first main body 22 to ensure the polarity balance and correct circuit connection of the entire cell 20. When the polarities of the two tabs 23 are opposite, and the orthographic projection of each tab 23 onto the end face of the first main body 22 is fan-shaped, the limited space can be utilized more effectively, making the overall structure of the three-electrode battery 100 more compact. This helps to improve the internal space utilization of the three-electrode battery 100 and increase the energy density of the three-electrode battery 100.

[0062] Please see Figures 2-3 In some embodiments, the second main body 42 includes a first extension 421 and a second extension 422. The first extension 421 connects to the abutment portion 41 and the second extension 422. The first extension 421 is located on the end face 27 of the cell 20, and the second extension 422 is located on the side surface 28 of the cell 20. The end of the second extension 422 away from the first extension 421 extends outside the housing 10. Through the cooperative use of the first extension 421 and the second extension 422, the second extension 422 connects to the abutment portion 41 via the first extension 421. By positioning the first extension 421 on the end face 27 of the cell 20 and the second extension 422 extending from the side surface 28 of the cell 20, interference with other three-electrode battery 100 components or the structure of the housing 10 can be avoided during installation. This helps simplify the installation process and reduce installation time and cost.

[0063] In some embodiments, the second extension 422 is bonded to the side 28 of the cell 20. Bonding the second extension 422 to the side 28 of the cell 20 provides a strong bond, ensuring a stable and reliable connection between the second extension 422 and the side of the cell 20. This helps prevent loosening or detachment of the connection due to vibration or temperature changes during the charging and discharging of the three-electrode battery 100.

[0064] Furthermore, the second extension 422 is bonded to the side 28 of the cell 20. This bonding can be achieved by providing an adhesive layer between the second extension 422 and the side 28 of the cell 20, or by bonding the second extension 422 to the side 28 of the cell 20 with adhesive tape.

[0065] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, when two second main body portions 42 are provided, the first extension 421 of one of the two second main body portions 42 is connected to one end of the abutment portion 41, and the first extension 421 of the other of the two second main body portions 42 is connected to the other end of the abutment portion 41. The end of the second extension 422 of one of the two second main body portions 42, away from the first extension 421, extends to the outside of the housing 10. By providing two second main body portions 42, the abutment portion 41 is used to connect the first extensions 421 of the two second main body portions 42, effectively improving the stability of the conductive element 40 assembled on the first main body portion 22 and reducing the installation difficulty of the conductive element 40. In addition, extending the second extension 422 of one of the two second main body portions 42 along the side 28 of the cell 20 to the outside of the housing 10 reduces unnecessary components and connection points while ensuring that the potential state at the interface between the active material and the current collector on the electrode can be monitored. This design can reduce the weight and cost of the three-electrode battery 100, while improving the reliability and maintainability of the three-electrode battery 100.

[0066] Please see Figure 1 as well as Figures 9-10 In some embodiments, the first main body 22 includes a first electrode 221, a second electrode 222, and a separator 223 disposed between the first electrode 221 and the second electrode 222. The first electrode 221 and the second electrode 222 have opposite polarities. The separator 223 of the outermost ring 21 of the cell 20 is provided with an insulating member 224. At least two reference electrodes 30 are provided, with one end of each of the at least two reference electrodes 30 located between the separator 223 and the insulating member 224. The insulating member 224 is disposed between the separator 223 and the first electrode 221 near the separator 223; or, the insulating member 224 is disposed between the separator 223 and the second electrode 222 near the separator 223. The insulating member 224 may be made of the same material as the separator 223.

[0067] By placing one end of at least two reference electrodes 30 between the separator 223 and the insulator 224, the potential changes inside the three-electrode battery 100 can be monitored in real time, providing accurate data support for the three-electrode battery 100 management system and helping to optimize the performance and lifespan of the three-electrode battery 100. Furthermore, this structural arrangement helps reduce interference from the external environment on the reference electrodes 30, improving measurement accuracy.

[0068] The inventors discovered that during the charging and discharging process of the three-electrode battery 100, the voltage V1 of the busbar relative to the reference electrode 30 was lower than the voltage V2 of the junction between the active material and the current collector on the electrode relative to the reference electrode 30. This phenomenon is because the current, flowing from the busbar to the junction between the active material and the current collector on the electrode, needs to pass through multiple internal resistance components, including welding resistance and structural resistance. The presence of these internal resistances leads to a voltage drop, namely the difference between V2 and V1 (V2-V1).

[0069] According to Ohm's law, voltage equals current multiplied by resistance. Therefore, the voltage difference between V2 and V1 satisfies the following relationship: V2 = V1 + IR, where R is the sum of the internal resistance of all structural components and welds between the busbar and the interface between the active material and the current collector on the electrode.

[0070] In view of this, the inventors discovered that the sum of all structural components and welding internal resistance between the busbar and the interface between the active material and the current collector on the electrode can be accurately calculated by using the actual measured values ​​of V2 and V1 and the charging or discharging current I, providing data support for further structural optimization of the three-electrode battery 100.

[0071] Understandably, during the charging and discharging process of the three-electrode battery 100, the current needs to pass through multiple internal resistance components as it flows from the busbar to the interface between the active material and the current collector on the electrode. These internal resistance components include: the internal resistance of the busbar in the thickness direction, the welding internal resistance between the busbar and the housing 10, the internal resistance of the housing 10 in the thickness direction, the welding internal resistance between the current collector and the housing 10, the internal resistance of the current collector itself, and the welding internal resistance between the current collector and the electrode tab.

[0072] Furthermore, when the tab 23 is the negative electrode, the conductive element 40 is made of copper. The voltage of the negative electrode busbar relative to the reference electrode 30, and the voltage at the junction of the negative electrode active material and the current collector on the negative electrode sheet relative to the reference electrode 30, also satisfy the following relationship: V2 = V1 + IR, where R is the sum of the internal resistance of all structural components and welding between the negative electrode busbar and the junction of the negative electrode active material and the current collector on the negative electrode sheet.

[0073] Similarly, when the tab 23 is the positive electrode, the conductive element 40 is made of aluminum. The voltage of the positive busbar relative to the reference electrode 30, and the voltage at the junction of the positive active material and the current collector on the positive electrode plate relative to the reference electrode 30, also satisfy the following relationship: V2 = V1 + IR, where R is the sum of the internal resistance of all structural components and welding between the positive busbar and the junction of the positive active material and the current collector on the positive electrode plate.

[0074] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention.

Claims

1. A three-electrode battery, characterized in that, include: The housing (10) has a receiving cavity (11); The battery cell (20) is housed in the accommodating cavity (11), and the battery cell (20) includes a first main body (22) and a tab (23) disposed at one end of the first main body (22); A conductive element (40) is electrically connected to a portion of the tab (23) near the first main body (22), and at least one end of the conductive element (40) extends outside the housing (10); The reference electrode (30) has one end disposed on the diaphragm (223) of the cell (20) and the other end extending to the outside of the housing (10).

2. The three-electrode battery as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive element (40) includes an abutment portion (41) and a second main body portion (42). The second main body portion (42) is disposed at at least one end of the abutment portion (41). The abutment portion (41) is electrically connected to the portion of the tab portion (23) near the first main body portion (22). The end of the second main body portion (42) away from the abutment portion (41) extends to the outside of the housing (10). The second main body portion (42) is insulated from the first main body portion (22) and / or the housing (10).

3. The three-electrode battery as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The abutting portion (41) is provided corresponding to the tab portion (23) of at least one winding of the battery cell (20), and the tab portion (23) is folded along the edge of the battery cell (20) toward the center of the battery cell (20); Alternatively, the tab (23) may be folded along the center of the cell (20) toward the edge of the cell (20); The tab (23) at least partially covers the abutment (41).

4. The three-electrode battery as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The battery cell (20) has an inner ring (24), an outer ring (26), and a middle ring (25) disposed between the inner ring (24) and the outer ring (26). The abutting part (41) is disposed corresponding to the tab part (23) of the inner ring (24). And / or, the abutting part (41) is provided corresponding to the tab part (23) of the innermost ring of the inner ring (24) of the battery cell; And / or, the abutment portion (41) is provided corresponding to the tab portion (23) of the cell middle ring (25).

5. The three-electrode battery as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Two electrode tabs (23) are provided, and the two electrode tabs (23) are spaced apart on the same side of the first main body (22). The orthographic projection of each electrode tab (23) on the end face of the first main body (22) is fan-shaped. The shape of the abutment (41) matches the arc edge of the fan shape. At least one of the two electrode tabs (23) is electrically connected to the abutment (41).

6. The three-electrode battery according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The second main body (42) includes a first extension (421) and a second extension (422). The first extension (421) connects the abutment (41) and the second extension (422). The first extension (421) is located on the end face (27) of the battery cell, and the second extension (422) is located on the side (28) of the battery cell. The end of the second extension (422) away from the first extension (421) extends to the outside of the housing (10).

7. The three-electrode battery as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The second extension (422) is bonded to the side (28) of the battery cell.

8. The three-electrode battery as described in claim 6, characterized in that: When there are two second main body parts (42), the first extension (421) of one of the two second main body parts (42) is connected to one end of the abutment (41), the first extension (421) of the other of the two second main body parts (42) is connected to the other end of the abutment (41), and the second extension (422) of one of the two second main body parts (42) extends away from the first extension (421) to the outside of the housing (10).

9. The three-electrode battery as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first main body (22) includes a first electrode (221), a second electrode (222), and a diaphragm (223) disposed between the first electrode (221) and the second electrode (222). The first electrode (221) and the second electrode (222) have opposite polarities. The outermost ring (21) of the battery cell (20) has an insulating member (224) disposed on the diaphragm (223). At least two reference electrodes (30) are provided, and one end of each of the at least two reference electrodes (30) is between the diaphragm (223) and the insulating member (224). The insulating element (224) is disposed between the diaphragm (223) and the first electrode (221) near the diaphragm (223); Alternatively, the insulating element (224) is disposed between the diaphragm (223) and the second electrode (222) near the diaphragm (223).

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that: Includes the three-electrode battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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