Multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit, battery management system and energy storage device

Abstract

The utility model provides a multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit, a battery management system and an energy storage device. The multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit comprises a first switch sub-circuit, a second switch sub-circuit and a third switch sub-circuit, after the main control chip sends effective level signals to the first switch sub-circuit and the second switch sub-circuit, the first switch sub-circuit and the second switch sub-circuit are both switched off so as to control the contactor driving chip to drive the first contactor and the second contactor to be switched off; and / or, after the main control chip sends effective level signals to the second switch sub-circuit and the third switch sub-circuit, the second switch sub-circuit and the third switch sub-circuit are switched off, so that the contactor driving chip is controlled to drive the second contactor and the third contactor to be switched off. According to the scheme provided by the utility model, a safety accident of short circuit of the battery pack caused by abnormal closing of the contactor can be avoided, and the reliability and safety of a contactor control link are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit, a battery management system and an energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the increasing popularity of new energy vehicles, battery pack configurations are becoming more diverse. In practical applications, to adapt to different charging needs, a single battery pack can be divided into two parallel battery packs. Alternatively, to meet higher range and power requirements, multiple parallel battery packs can be configured. When setting up two or more parallel battery packs, contactors can be installed between the positive and negative terminals of each pair of parallel battery packs, as well as between the positive and negative terminals. Software control schemes can be used to control the opening and closing states of these contactors, thereby achieving different connection states between each pair of battery packs.

[0003] However, due to errors in the control logic or hacking, the contactors between the positive and negative terminals may close simultaneously, causing a short circuit in the battery pack and affecting its lifespan and operational safety.

[0004] It is not difficult to see that traditional contactor control schemes suffer from low reliability and safety. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention provides a multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit, a battery management system, and an energy storage device to solve the shortcomings of traditional contactor control schemes, which have low reliability and safety.

[0006] On the one hand, this utility model provides a multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit. The circuit is located between the contactor driver chip and the main control chip. The contactor driver chip is connected to the first contactor between the positive terminals, the second contactor between the positive and negative terminals, and the third contactor between the negative terminals of each parallel battery pack. The circuit corresponds one-to-one with each parallel battery pack.

[0007] The circuit includes: a first switch sub-circuit, a second switch sub-circuit, and a third switch sub-circuit;

[0008] Both the first switch sub-circuit and the third switch sub-circuit are connected to the second switch sub-circuit, and the first switch sub-circuit, the second switch sub-circuit, and the third switch sub-circuit are respectively connected to the contactor driver chip and the main control chip;

[0009] After the main control chip sends a valid level signal to both the first and second switch sub-circuits, both the first and second switch sub-circuits are turned off, thereby controlling the contactor driver chip to drive both the first and second contactors to disconnect; and / or, after the main control chip sends a valid level signal to both the second and third switch sub-circuits, both the second and third switch sub-circuits are turned off, thereby controlling the contactor driver chip to drive both the second and third contactors to disconnect.

[0010] According to the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided by this utility model, the second switch sub-circuit includes: a first transistor, a second transistor, and a first control switch;

[0011] The bases of the first transistor and the second transistor are both connected to the first control output terminal of the main control chip. The collector of the second transistor is connected to the first control switch. The bases of the second transistor and the collectors of the first transistor are respectively connected to the first switch sub-circuit and the second switch sub-circuit. The emitters of the first transistor and the second transistor are both grounded. The first control switch is connected to the first drive input terminal of the contactor driver chip.

[0012] According to the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided by this utility model, the first switch sub-circuit includes: a third transistor, a fourth transistor, and a second control switch.

[0013] The bases of the third and fourth transistors are both connected to the second control output terminal of the main control chip. The collector of the third transistor is connected to the second control switch. The base of the third transistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor. The collector of the fourth transistor is connected to the base of the second transistor. The emitters of the third and fourth transistors are both grounded. The second control switch is connected to the second drive input terminal of the contactor driver chip.

[0014] According to the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided by this utility model, the first control switch and / or the second control switch are optocouplers.

[0015] According to the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided by this utility model, the third switch sub-circuit includes: a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, and a third control switch;

[0016] The bases of the fifth and sixth transistors are both connected to the third control output terminal of the main control chip. The collector of the sixth transistor is connected to the third control switch. The collector of the fifth transistor is connected to the base of the second transistor. The base of the sixth transistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor. The emitters of the fifth and sixth transistors are both grounded. The third control switch is connected to the third drive input terminal of the contactor driver chip.

[0017] According to the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided by this utility model, the third control switch is an optocoupler.

[0018] According to the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided by this utility model, a first protective resistor is also provided on the connection line between the collector of the first transistor and the first switch sub-circuit and the third switch sub-circuit.

[0019] One end of the first protection resistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor, the first switch sub-circuit, and the third switch sub-circuit, respectively, and the other end of the first protection resistor is connected to the main control chip.

[0020] According to the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided by this utility model, a second protective resistor is also provided on the connection line between the base of the second transistor and the first switch sub-circuit and the third switch sub-circuit.

[0021] One end of the second protection resistor is connected to the base of the second transistor, the first switch sub-circuit, and the third switch sub-circuit, and the other end of the second protection resistor is connected to the main control chip.

[0022] On the other hand, this utility model also provides a battery management system, including the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit described in any of the above.

[0023] On the other hand, this utility model also provides an energy storage device, including any of the above-described multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuits or the above-described battery management system.

[0024] The multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit, battery management system, and energy storage device provided by this utility model, through the setting of a first switch sub-circuit, a second switch sub-circuit, and a third switch sub-circuit, allows the main control chip to send valid level signals to both the first and second switch sub-circuits, after which both the first and second switch sub-circuits are turned off, thereby controlling the contactor driver chip to drive both the first and second contactors to open; and / or, after the main control chip sends valid level signals to both the second and third switch sub-circuits, both the second and third switch sub-circuits are turned off, thereby controlling the contactor driver chip to drive both the second and third contactors to open. Due to the aforementioned switch sub-circuit configuration, if the main control chip outputs a valid level signal posing a safety hazard due to misoperation, the mutual exclusion between the corresponding two switch sub-circuits can control the contactor driver chip to promptly disconnect the two misoperated contactors, preventing a short circuit in the battery pack caused by abnormal contactor closure, thus improving the reliability and safety of the contactor control circuit. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the contactors of a parallel battery pack and the battery pack.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional contactor drive control structure;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the first and second switch sub-circuits;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the second and third switch sub-circuits;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an optocoupler.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a transistor. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0034] This embodiment relates to the field of battery management, and can be specifically applied to scenarios where there are one or more sets of parallel battery packs, and where contactors between parallel battery packs are controlled. Figure 1 An exemplary arrangement of a parallel battery pack and a contactor between the battery packs is shown, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the first contactor SW1 is located between the positive terminal of the first battery pack 1 and the positive terminal of the second battery pack 2, the second contactor SW2 is located between the positive terminal of the first battery pack 1 and the negative terminal of the second battery pack 2, and the third contactor SW3 is located between the negative terminal of the first battery pack 1 and the negative terminal of the second battery pack 2. The first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2, which are connected in parallel, are both connected to the two ends of the external load P.

[0035] In practical applications, the correspondence between the opening and closing states of the first contactor SW1, the second contactor SW2, and the third contactor SW3 and different operating conditions can be seen in Table 1 below.

[0036] Table 1 Correspondence between contactor opening / closing states and operating conditions

[0037] Operating conditions SW1 SW2 SW3 illustrate 1 disconnect closure disconnect Pack1 and Pack2 are connected in series to jointly output electrical energy. 2 closure disconnect disconnect Pack2 is disconnected, and only Pack1 outputs power. 3 disconnect disconnect closure Pack1 is disconnected, only Pack2 outputs power. 4 closure disconnect closure Pack1 and Pack2 are connected in parallel to jointly output electrical energy.

[0038] Based on Table 1 above and in conjunction with... Figure 1 It can be seen that when the second contactor SW2 is closed, the first contactor SW1 must be open; otherwise, it will cause a short circuit between the positive and negative terminals of the second battery pack Pack2, leading to a safety accident. Similarly, when the second contactor SW2 is closed, the third contactor SW3 must also be open; otherwise, it will cause a short circuit between the positive and negative terminals of the first battery pack Pack1.

[0039] Figure 2 An example is shown of a commonly used contactor drive control architecture, such as... Figure 2As shown, U1 is a contactor driver chip, U2 is the main control chip (MCU, Micro Controller Unit) of the battery management system, and U3 is the power processing chip (SBC, System Basis Chip) of the battery management system. The power processing chip U3 can regulate the 12V voltage of the battery to 5V to power the main control chip U2. Under the control of the main control chip U2, the contactor driver chip U1 can control the three drive output terminals Vout1, Vout2, and Vout3 to connect to the 12V voltage of the battery through the 5V high-level signals output by the three control output terminals SW1_En, SW2_En, and SW3_En respectively. The first contactor SW1, the second contactor SW2, and the third contactor SW3 are closed when Vout1, Vout2, and Vout3 output 12V.

[0040] However, due to inherent logical defects in the software or hacking during the aforementioned software control process, the first contactor SW1 and the second contactor SW2 may close simultaneously, or the second contactor SW2 and the third contactor SW3 may close simultaneously, causing a short circuit in the battery pack and potentially leading to a safety accident.

[0041] Accordingly, the present invention provides a solution to the above-mentioned problems, which will be discussed below in conjunction with... Figures 3 to 7 This invention describes the detailed solutions for the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit, battery management system, and energy storage device provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided in this embodiment of the utility model is specifically located between the contactor driver chip U1 and the main control chip U2. The contactor driver chip U1 is connected to the first contactor SW1 between the positive poles of each group of parallel battery packs, the second contactor SW2 between the positive and negative poles, and the third contactor SW3 between the negative poles. This circuit corresponds one-to-one with each group of parallel battery packs.

[0044] Furthermore, the aforementioned multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit specifically includes: a first switch sub-circuit 110, a second switch sub-circuit 120, and a third switch sub-circuit 130.

[0045] The first switch sub-circuit 110 and the third switch sub-circuit 130 are both connected to the second switch sub-circuit 120. The first switch sub-circuit 110, the second switch sub-circuit 120 and the third switch sub-circuit 130 are respectively connected to the contactor driver chip U1 and the main control chip U2.

[0046] After the main control chip U2 sends a valid level signal to both the first switch sub-circuit 110 and the second switch sub-circuit 120, both the first switch sub-circuit 110 and the second switch sub-circuit 120 are turned off, so as to control the contactor driver chip U1 to drive both the first contactor SW1 and the second contactor SW2 to open; and / or, after the main control chip U2 sends a valid level signal to both the second switch sub-circuit 120 and the third switch sub-circuit 130, both the second switch sub-circuit 120 and the third switch sub-circuit 130 are turned off, so as to control the contactor driver chip U1 to drive both the second contactor SW2 and the third contactor SW3 to open.

[0047] In this embodiment, the first switch sub-circuit 110 is mainly used to control the opening and closing state of the first contactor SW1, the second switch sub-circuit 120 is mainly used to control the opening and closing state of the second contactor SW2, and the third switch sub-circuit 130 is mainly used to control the opening and closing state of the third contactor SW3. In practical applications, the effective level signal can be a high-level signal; in this embodiment, the effective level signal can specifically be a 5V high-level signal.

[0048] This embodiment provides a solution in two ways: firstly, the mutual exclusion between the first switch sub-circuit 110 and the second switch sub-circuit 120 ensures that both are turned off upon receiving a valid voltage signal; secondly, the mutual exclusion between the second switch sub-circuit 120 and the third switch sub-circuit 130 ensures that both are turned off upon receiving a valid voltage signal. These settings prevent short circuits between the positive and negative terminals of either the first battery pack Pack1 or the second battery pack in the parallel configuration, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the contactor control circuit.

[0049] Figure 4 The specific circuit structures of the first and second switch sub-circuits are illustrated exemplarily. Figure 5 The specific circuit structures of the second and third switch sub-circuits are illustrated as examples.

[0050] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 The second switch sub-circuit specifically includes: a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, and a first control switch K1.

[0051] The bases of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are both connected to the first control output terminal SW2_En of the main control chip U2. The collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the first control switch K1. The bases of the second transistor Q2 and the collectors of the first transistor Q1 are respectively connected to the first switch sub-circuit and the second switch sub-circuit. The emitters of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are both grounded. The first control switch K1 is connected to the first drive input terminal SW_In2 of the contactor driver chip U1.

[0052] In this embodiment, the first drive input terminal SW_In2 corresponds to the first drive output terminal Vout2 of the contactor driver chip U1. The first drive output terminal Vout2 is connected to the second contactor SW2. In practical applications, the opening and closing state of the second contactor SW2 can be controlled by the drive signal output by the first drive output terminal Vout2.

[0053] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 The first switching sub-circuit includes: a third transistor Q3, a fourth transistor Q4, and a second control switch K2.

[0054] The bases of the third transistor Q3 and the fourth transistor Q4 are both connected to the second control output terminal SW1_En of the main control chip U2. The collector of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the second control switch K2. The base of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the collector of the first transistor Q1. The collector of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2. The emitters of the third transistor Q3 and the fourth transistor Q4 are both grounded. The second control switch K2 is connected to the second drive input terminal SW_In1 of the contactor driver chip U1.

[0055] In this embodiment, the second drive input terminal SW_In1 corresponds to the second drive output terminal Vout1 of the contactor driver chip U1. The second drive output terminal Vout1 is connected to the first contactor SW1. In practical applications, the opening and closing state of the first contactor SW1 can be controlled by the drive signal output by the second drive output terminal Vout1.

[0056] In one embodiment, see Figure 5 The third switch sub-circuit specifically includes: the fifth transistor Q5, the sixth transistor Q6, and the third control switch K3.

[0057] The bases of the fifth transistor Q5 and the sixth transistor Q6 are both connected to the third control output terminal SW3_En of the main control chip U2. The collector of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the third control switch K3. The collector of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2. The base of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the collector of the first transistor Q1. The emitters of the fifth transistor Q5 and the sixth transistor Q6 are both grounded. The third control switch K3 is connected to the third drive input terminal SW_In3 of the contactor driver chip U1.

[0058] In this embodiment, the third drive input terminal SW_In3 corresponds to the third drive output terminal Vout3 of the contactor driver chip U1. The third drive output terminal Vout3 is connected to the third contactor SW3. In practical applications, the opening and closing state of the third contactor SW3 can be controlled by the drive signal output by the third drive output terminal Vout3.

[0059] In one embodiment, the first control switch and / or the second control switch may be an optocoupler, and the third control switch may be an optocoupler.

[0060] The structure of the optocoupler can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 6 ,like Figure 6 As shown, terminals 1 and 4 of the optocoupler are connected to a 5V power supply. When terminal 2 is grounded, the optocoupler is turned on, and the output voltage of terminal 3 is the voltage of terminal 4.

[0061] This embodiment uses multiple transistors; the structure of the transistors can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 7 ,like Figure 7 As shown, when the voltage between terminals 1 and 3 of the transistor is greater than the conduction threshold voltage, such as greater than 0.7V, terminals 2 and 3 are connected.

[0062] The following is based on Figure 5 Taking the scenario shown as an example, the principle of mutual exclusion between the second and third switch sub-circuits will be explained.

[0063] Figure 5 As shown in the table below, the relationship between the level states of the output signals of the first control output terminal SW2_En and the third control output terminal SW3_En and the opening and closing states of each switching device can be seen in Table 2.

[0064] Table 2. Reference table for the opening and closing states of various switching devices under different operating conditions.

[0065]

[0066] Wherein, 0V represents a low-level signal and 5V represents a high-level signal. In this embodiment, the high-level signal is the valid level signal.

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, by default, both the first control output terminal SW2_En and the third control output terminal SW3_En output a low-level signal of 0V. The first control switch K1, the third control switch K3, the first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, the fifth transistor Q5, and the sixth transistor Q6 are all in the off state. At this time, the second contactor SW2 and the third contactor SW3 are both in the open state.

[0068] When the main control chip U2 controls the first control output terminal SW2_En to output a 5V high-level signal and the third control output terminal SW3_En to output a 0V low-level signal, the second transistor Q2 is turned on, and the fifth transistor Q5 is not turned on. This causes the first control switch K1 to turn on, resulting in a 5V voltage input to the first drive input terminal SW_In2 and a 12V voltage connection to the first drive output terminal Vout2. The second contactor SW2 is then closed. Since the sixth transistor Q6 is not turned on, the third control switch K3 is not turned on, the third drive input terminal SW_In3 does not receive a valid voltage, and the third drive output terminal Vout3 is not connected to a 12V voltage, the third contactor SW3 is in the open state.

[0069] If the software has a defect and mistakenly outputs a 5V high-level signal at the third control output terminal SW3_En, then the fifth transistor Q5 will conduct, with its collector and emitter connected. At this point, the voltage difference between the base and emitter of the second transistor Q2 will not meet the conduction threshold, causing Q2 to switch from on to off. Simultaneously, the first control switch K1 will turn off, causing the contactor driver chip U1 to drive the second contactor SW2 to open. Since the first control output terminal SW2_En outputs a 5V high-level signal, the first transistor Q1 will conduct, and the voltage difference between the base and emitter of the sixth transistor Q6 will not meet the conduction threshold. Therefore, the third control switch K3 will be off, and the third drive input terminal SW_In3 and the third drive output terminal Vout3 of the contactor driver chip U1 will not be energized, thus preventing the third contactor SW3 from closing.

[0070] Similarly, if a 5V high-level signal is mistakenly output from the first control output terminal SW2_En during the closing of the third contactor SW3, the second contactor SW2 will not close due to the mutual exclusion between the transistors, and the third contactor SW3 will also open, thus avoiding a safety accident of a short circuit between the positive and negative terminals of the first battery pack Pack1.

[0071] Consistent with the above working principle, Figure 4 In the scenario shown, when a misoperation causes both the first control output terminal SW2_En and the second control output terminal SW1_En to output a 5V high-level signal, in Figure 4Due to the mutual repulsion between the transistors, the first contactor SW1 and the second contactor SW2 will be in the open state, thereby avoiding a safety accident of short circuit between the positive and negative terminals of the second battery pack Pack2.

[0072] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 A first protective resistor R1 may also be provided on the connection line between the collector of the first transistor Q1 and the first and third switch sub-circuits.

[0073] One end of the first protection resistor R1 is connected to the collector of the first transistor Q1, the first switch sub-circuit, and the third switch sub-circuit, respectively, and the other end of the first protection resistor R1 is connected to the main control chip U2.

[0074] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 A second protective resistor R2 is also provided on the connection line between the base of the second transistor Q2 and the first and third switch sub-circuits.

[0075] One end of the second protection resistor R2 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2, the first switch sub-circuit, and the third switch sub-circuit, while the other end of the second protection resistor R2 is connected to the main control chip U2.

[0076] Understandably, the first protection resistor R1 and the second protection resistor R2 are designed to dissipate the electrical energy in the circuit caused by the high-level signal output by the main control chip in the event of erroneous operation. For example, if the third control output terminal SW3_En outputs a 5V high-level signal by mistake, the fifth transistor Q5 will be turned on, and the base voltage of the second transistor Q2 will be pulled down. At this time, the second protection resistor R2 can dissipate the electrical energy in the circuit caused by the high-level signal output by the first control output terminal SW2_En, thereby improving the operational safety of the circuit.

[0077] In addition, this utility model embodiment also provides a battery management system, including the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit provided in the above embodiments.

[0078] In addition, this utility model embodiment also provides an energy storage device, including the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit or the battery management system provided in the above embodiments.

[0079] Understandably, energy storage devices can be vehicles, construction machinery, etc.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A mutual exclusion circuit for multi-battery pack contactors, characterized in that, The circuit is located between the contactor driver chip and the main control chip. The contactor driver chip is connected to the first contactor between the positive terminals, the second contactor between the positive and negative terminals, and the third contactor between the negative terminals of each parallel battery pack. The circuit corresponds one-to-one with each parallel battery pack. The circuit includes: a first switch sub-circuit, a second switch sub-circuit, and a third switch sub-circuit; Both the first switch sub-circuit and the third switch sub-circuit are connected to the second switch sub-circuit, and the first switch sub-circuit, the second switch sub-circuit, and the third switch sub-circuit are respectively connected to the contactor driver chip and the main control chip; After the main control chip sends a valid level signal to both the first and second switch sub-circuits, both the first and second switch sub-circuits are turned off, thereby controlling the contactor driver chip to drive both the first and second contactors to disconnect; and / or, after the main control chip sends a valid level signal to both the second and third switch sub-circuits, both the second and third switch sub-circuits are turned off, thereby controlling the contactor driver chip to drive both the second and third contactors to disconnect.

2. The multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second switching sub-circuit includes: a first transistor, a second transistor, and a first control switch; The bases of the first transistor and the second transistor are both connected to the first control output terminal of the main control chip. The collector of the second transistor is connected to the first control switch. The bases of the second transistor and the collectors of the first transistor are respectively connected to the first switch sub-circuit and the second switch sub-circuit. The emitters of the first transistor and the second transistor are both grounded. The first control switch is connected to the first drive input terminal of the contactor driver chip.

3. The multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first switching sub-circuit includes: a third transistor, a fourth transistor, and a second control switch; The bases of the third and fourth transistors are both connected to the second control output terminal of the main control chip. The collector of the third transistor is connected to the second control switch. The base of the third transistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor. The collector of the fourth transistor is connected to the base of the second transistor. The emitters of the third and fourth transistors are both grounded. The second control switch is connected to the second drive input terminal of the contactor driver chip.

4. The multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first control switch and / or the second control switch are optocouplers.

5. The multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The third switching sub-circuit includes: a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, and a third control switch; The bases of the fifth and sixth transistors are both connected to the third control output terminal of the main control chip. The collector of the sixth transistor is connected to the third control switch. The collector of the fifth transistor is connected to the base of the second transistor. The base of the sixth transistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor. The emitters of the fifth and sixth transistors are both grounded. The third control switch is connected to the third drive input terminal of the contactor driver chip.

6. The multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The third control switch is an optocoupler.

7. The multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first protective resistor is also provided on the connection line between the collector of the first transistor and the first and third switch sub-circuits; One end of the first protection resistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor, the first switch sub-circuit, and the third switch sub-circuit, respectively, and the other end of the first protection resistor is connected to the main control chip.

8. The multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, A second protective resistor is also provided on the connection line between the base of the second transistor and the first and third switch sub-circuits; One end of the second protection resistor is connected to the base of the second transistor, the first switch sub-circuit, and the third switch sub-circuit, and the other end of the second protection resistor is connected to the main control chip.

9. A battery management system, characterized in that, Includes the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An energy storage device, characterized in that, Includes the multi-battery pack contactor mutual exclusion circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 or the battery management system as described in claim 9.

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