Circuit device integrating solar power supply and super capacitor energy storage

Abstract

The utility model discloses a circuit device integrating solar power supply and super capacitor energy storage, relates to the technical field of new energy power supply and energy storage, and solves the problems of low reliability of single power supply, extensive energy storage management and insufficient circuit safety protection. The device comprises a solar power supply module, a super capacitor energy storage module, a double-circuit power supply switching module, a voltage stabilization control module, a charging management module, a master control module, a protection module and a load interface module. The solar power supply module comprises an anti-reverse connection protection unit, the super-capacitor energy storage module comprises an energy storage state monitoring unit, the protection module comprises a linkage control chip and a double sampling unit, double-circuit power supply switching is coordinated through the master control module, and USB and solar double charging and multi-dimensional protection of the protection module are achieved in combination with the charging management module. Intelligent power supply switching and accurate energy storage monitoring can be realized, the power supply stability and safety are improved, and different load requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of new energy power supply and energy storage technology, and more specifically to a multifunctional circuit device that integrates solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, solar power supply and energy storage technologies are increasingly widely used in portable devices, IoT terminals, and outdoor monitoring equipment. While existing integrated devices have achieved basic power supply functions, they have significant shortcomings in system optimization and safety management. Most devices use a single power supply path or simple switching logic, failing to dynamically adjust the power supply strategy according to solar irradiance, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency and easy power outages when sunlight is insufficient. Energy storage units generally lack accurate voltage and temperature monitoring mechanisms, leading to frequent overcharging and over-discharging phenomena, significantly shortening the lifespan of energy storage components such as supercapacitors. Furthermore, there is a lack of effective equalization charging solutions. This further exacerbates performance degradation. The charging management module has limited functionality, often supporting only a single charging path, making it difficult to meet energy replenishment needs in complex scenarios. The voltage regulation output section has weak electromagnetic interference resistance and insufficient output voltage stability, making it unsuitable for load devices with different power levels. In addition, circuit protection is mostly based on isolated parameter monitoring, lacking cross-module linkage protection mechanisms. It also exhibits delayed response under abnormal conditions such as overvoltage and overcurrent, posing safety hazards. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a circuit device that integrates efficient solar energy utilization, intelligent energy storage management, multi-dimensional safety protection, and adaptive load output to improve the reliability and applicability of new energy power supply systems. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned technical issues, this utility model incorporates a solar power supply module with reverse connection protection, a supercapacitor energy storage module with status monitoring, and a dual-power supply switching module to achieve dynamic power supply switching. It also provides multi-path charging through a charging management module with a USB interface and balancing circuit, and ensures stable output using a voltage regulator module with a low-dropout linear regulator and EMC filtering. Furthermore, it utilizes a protection module with a linkage chip and emergency power supply to construct cross-module protection, coordinates with a central control module for overall control, and adds a load interface module to adapt to the load. This achieves improved efficiency, interruption prevention, capacitor protection, stable output, and strong protection, thereby enhancing the reliability and applicability of the new energy power supply system.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage includes a solar power supply module, a supercapacitor energy storage module, a dual power supply switching module, a voltage regulation control module, a charging management module, a main control module, and a protection module.

[0006] The solar power supply module includes a solar panel and a reverse connection protection unit. The reverse connection protection unit includes a diode. The anode of the diode is connected to the solar panel, and the cathode is connected to the first input terminal of the dual power supply switching module and the first input terminal of the charging management module, respectively.

[0007] The supercapacitor energy storage module includes a supercapacitor and an energy storage status monitoring unit. The positive terminal of the supercapacitor is connected to the second input terminal of the dual power supply switching module, and the negative terminal is grounded. The detection terminal of the energy storage status monitoring unit is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor, and the signal output terminal is connected to the first signal input terminal of the main control module.

[0008] The control terminal of the dual-power supply switching module is connected to the first control output terminal of the main control module, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulation control module, which is used to switch the power supply module;

[0009] The voltage regulation control module includes a low-dropout linear regulator. The input terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator is connected to the output terminal of the dual-power supply switching module, and the output terminal is connected to the main control module and the external load.

[0010] The charging management module includes a charging chip and a USB interface. The USB interface is connected to an external USB power supply. The input terminal of the charging chip is connected to the USB interface, the output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor, and the status signal terminal is connected to the second signal input terminal of the main control module.

[0011] The main control module includes a microcontroller, the power supply terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulation control module, and the control output terminal is connected to the enable terminal of the voltage regulation control module and the charging management module, respectively.

[0012] The protection module includes a linkage control chip. The input terminal of the linkage control chip is connected to the solar power supply module and the supercapacitor. The control terminal is connected to the dual power supply switching module and the charging management module, respectively. The signal terminal is connected to the emergency input terminal of the microcontroller.

[0013] The reverse connection protection unit also includes a first transient suppression diode and a self-resetting fuse. One end of the first transient suppression diode is connected to the cathode of the diode and the other end is grounded. The self-resetting fuse is connected in series between the cathode of the diode and the dual power supply switching module. When the solar power supply module outputs overvoltage or overcurrent, the first transient suppression diode clamps the voltage and the self-resetting fuse disconnects the protection path.

[0014] The energy storage status monitoring unit includes a first voltage divider resistor, a second voltage divider resistor, a voltage comparator, and a temperature sensor. The first and second voltage divider resistors are connected in series to the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor. The voltage divider node is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the voltage comparator, and the inverting terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to a reference voltage. The temperature sensor is attached to the surface of the supercapacitor. The output terminals of the voltage comparator and the temperature sensor are both connected to the microcontroller. When the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than the reference value or the temperature exceeds the threshold, an early warning signal is sent to the microcontroller.

[0015] The dual-power supply switching module includes a first MOSFET, a second MOSFET, a switching control chip, and a voltage detection circuit. The source of the first MOSFET is connected to the cathode of the diode, and the drain is connected to the input terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator. The source of the second MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor, and the drain is connected to the input terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator. The voltage detection circuit detects the output voltage of the solar power supply module and the supercapacitor, respectively. The detection signal is connected to the switching control chip. The control terminal of the switching control chip is connected to the gate of the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET. When the output voltage of the solar power supply module is greater than or equal to a preset value, only the first MOSFET is turned on; otherwise, the second MOSFET is turned on.

[0016] The voltage regulation control module further includes a voltage regulation feedback adjustment unit and an EMC filter circuit. The voltage regulation feedback adjustment unit includes an adjustable resistor and a third voltage divider resistor. The adjustable resistor and the third voltage divider resistor are connected in series between the output terminal of the low dropout linear regulator and ground. The voltage divider node is connected to the feedback terminal of the low dropout linear regulator. The EMC filter circuit includes a common-mode inductor and a filter capacitor. The common-mode inductor is connected in series at the output terminal of the low dropout linear regulator, and the filter capacitor is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the common-mode inductor and ground to suppress electromagnetic interference at the output terminal.

[0017] The charging management module also includes a charging protection unit and a charging equalization circuit. The charging protection unit includes a second transient suppression diode and a fuse. The fuse is connected in series between the output terminal of the charging chip and the supercapacitor, and the second transient suppression diode is connected in parallel across the fuse. The charging equalization circuit includes an equalization resistor and a MOSFET switch. The equalization resistor and the MOSFET switch are connected in series and then in parallel across the supercapacitor. The control terminal of the MOSFET switch is connected to the microcontroller. When the supercapacitor is close to full charge, the microcontroller turns on the MOSFET switch, and the excess power is consumed through the equalization resistor to achieve balanced charging.

[0018] The main control module also includes a data storage unit and a clock module. The data storage unit communicates bidirectionally with the microcontroller and is used to store historical data collected by the energy storage status monitoring unit and charging logs of the charging chip. The output terminal of the clock module is connected to the microcontroller and is used to provide timestamps for data storage. The microcontroller can set the timed charging strategy of the charging management module according to the time signal of the clock module.

[0019] The protection module also includes a voltage-current dual sampling unit and an emergency backup power supply. The voltage-current dual sampling unit includes a first voltage sampling chip, a first current sampling chip, a second voltage sampling chip, and a second current sampling chip, which respectively collect the voltage and current of the solar power supply module and the supercapacitor. The emergency backup power supply is connected to the power supply terminal of the microcontroller through a diode. When the main power supply path is abnormal, the emergency backup power supply supplies power to the microcontroller to ensure that it completes the abnormal recording and alarm command transmission.

[0020] The circuit device further includes a load interface module, which includes a load connection terminal, a load overcurrent protection unit, and a load identification circuit. The load overcurrent protection unit includes a current sampling resistor and an overcurrent detection chip. The current sampling resistor is connected in series between the voltage regulation control module and the load connection terminal. The sampling terminal of the overcurrent detection chip is connected to both ends of the current sampling resistor, and the output terminal is connected to the microcontroller. The load identification circuit includes an identification resistor and a voltage sampling chip. The identification resistor is connected in parallel to the load connection terminal. The voltage sampling chip detects the voltage across the identification resistor, and the detection signal is connected to the microcontroller. The microcontroller adjusts the output power to adapt to the load based on the detection result.

[0021] The positive and beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0022] This utility model adopts an integrated solution comprising a solar power supply module, a supercapacitor energy storage module, a dual-power supply switching module, a voltage regulation control module, a charging management module, a central control module, a protection module, and a load interface module. The solar power supply module includes a reverse connection protection unit; the supercapacitor energy storage module has a voltage-temperature monitoring unit for energy storage status; the dual-power supply switching module enables dynamic power supply switching; the charging management module supports USB and solar dual-path charging and includes an equalization charging circuit; the voltage regulation control module is equipped with a low-dropout linear regulator and an EMC filter circuit; the protection module constructs cross-module linkage protection and emergency power supply; the central control module coordinates and stores operating data; and the load interface module realizes load identification and overcurrent protection. This solution improves the efficiency of solar energy utilization, avoids power interruptions due to insufficient sunlight, accurately monitors energy storage status to prevent overcharging and over-discharging of the supercapacitor, extends the lifespan of the supercapacitor, meets multi-path charging needs in complex scenarios, enhances the anti-electromagnetic interference capability of the voltage regulation output to ensure voltage stability, constructs multi-dimensional cross-module safety protection to eliminate safety hazards under abnormal operating conditions, and adapts to load devices of different power levels, thereby improving the reliability and applicability of the new energy power supply system. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein:

[0024] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is an overall circuit diagram of a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a reverse connection protection unit for a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage according to this utility model.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of an energy storage status monitoring unit for a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage according to this utility model.

[0028] Figure 5 This utility model presents a circuit diagram of a dual-power supply switching module for a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage.

[0029] Figure 6This is a circuit diagram of a voltage regulation control module for a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage according to this utility model.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of a charging management module for a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage according to this utility model.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the overall control module of a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of a protection module for a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage according to this utility model.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a circuit diagram of the load interface module of a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 11 This is an application scenario diagram of a circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage according to this utility model;

[0035] In the diagram: Solar power supply module 1, Supercapacitor energy storage module 2, Dual power supply switching module 3, Voltage regulation control module 4, Charging management module 5, Main control module 6, Protection module 9, Solar panel 11, Reverse connection protection unit 12, Diode D1, Supercapacitor 21, Energy storage status monitoring unit 22, Low dropout linear regulator U1, Charging chip U4, USB interface USB1, Microcontroller U2, Linkage control chip 91, First transient suppression diode 121, Self-resetting fuse 122, First voltage divider resistor 221, Second voltage divider resistor 222, Voltage comparator 223, Temperature sensor 224, First MOSFET 31, Second MOSFET 32, Switching control chip 33, Voltage detection circuit 34, Voltage regulation feedback adjustment unit 41, EMC Filter circuit 42, adjustable resistor 411, third voltage divider resistor 412, common mode inductor 421, filter capacitor 422, charging protection unit 51, charging equalization circuit 52, second transient suppression diode 511, fuse 512, equalization resistor 521, MOSFET switch 522, data storage unit 61, clock module 62, voltage-current dual sampling unit 92, emergency backup power supply 93, first voltage sampling chip 921, first current sampling chip 922, second voltage sampling chip 923, second current sampling chip 924, diode D2, load interface module 8, load connection terminal P01, load overcurrent protection unit 81, load identification circuit 82, current sampling resistor 811, overcurrent detection chip 812, identification resistor 821, voltage sampling chip 822. Specific Implementation

[0036] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0037] like Figures 1-10The device mainly includes a solar power supply module 1, a supercapacitor energy storage module 2, a dual-power supply switching module 3, a voltage regulation control module 4, a charging management module 5, a main control module 6, a protection module 9, and a load interface module 8. The solar power supply module 1 consists of a solar panel 11 and a reverse connection protection unit 12. The solar panel 11 provides solar power to the device. The reverse connection protection unit 12 includes a diode D1, a first transient suppression diode 121, and a resettable fuse 122. Diode D1 prevents reverse current connection, the first transient suppression diode 121 clamps the voltage when the solar power supply module 1 outputs overvoltage, and the resettable fuse 122 disconnects the protection path when there is overcurrent. The supercapacitor energy storage module 2 includes a supercapacitor 21 and an energy storage status monitoring unit 22. The supercapacitor 21 stores electrical energy, and the energy storage status monitoring unit 22 includes a first voltage divider. The system includes resistor 221, second voltage divider resistor 222, voltage comparator 223, and temperature sensor 224. The first and second voltage divider resistors 221 and 222 are connected in series to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor 21. The voltage comparator 223 compares the detected voltage with a reference voltage. The temperature sensor 224 monitors the surface temperature of the supercapacitor 21. Both send signals to the main control module 6 to achieve accurate monitoring and early warning of the energy storage status. The dual-power supply switching module 3 includes a first MOSFET 31, a second MOSFET 32, a switching control chip 33, and a voltage detection circuit 34. The voltage detection circuit 34 detects the voltage of both the solar power module 1 and the supercapacitor. 21 Output voltage; the switching control chip 33 controls the first MOSFET 31 and the second MOSFET 32 to turn on / off according to the detection result, realizing dynamic switching between solar power supply and energy storage power supply; the voltage regulation control module 4 includes a low dropout linear regulator U1, a voltage regulation feedback adjustment unit 41, and an EMC filter circuit 42. The low dropout linear regulator U1 regulates the input voltage and outputs it. The voltage regulation feedback adjustment unit 41 includes an adjustable resistor 411 and a third voltage divider resistor 412, which adjusts the feedback signal through voltage division to optimize the voltage regulation effect. The EMC filter circuit 42 includes a common-mode inductor 421 and a filter capacitor 422 to suppress electromagnetic interference at the output terminal. To prevent overvoltage and overcurrent, the charging management module 5 consists of a charging chip U4, a USB interface USB1, a charging protection unit 51, and a charging equalization circuit 52. The USB interface USB1 is connected to an external USB power supply. The charging chip U4 controls the charging process. The charging protection unit 51 includes a second transient suppression diode 511 and a fuse 512 to prevent overvoltage and overcurrent during charging. The charging equalization circuit 52 includes an equalization resistor 521 and a MOSFET switch 522. When the supercapacitor 21 is close to full charge, the main control module 6 controls the MOSFET switch 522 to turn on, and the equalization resistor 521 consumes excess power to achieve balanced charging.The main control module 6 includes a microcontroller U2, a data storage unit 61, and a clock module 62. The microcontroller U2 is the core control unit of the device, receiving signals from each module and outputting control commands. The data storage unit 61 stores historical data collected by the energy storage status monitoring unit 22 and charging logs from the charging chip U4. The clock module 62 provides timestamps, and the microcontroller U2 can set the timed charging strategy of the charging management module 5 according to the clock signal. The protection module 9 includes a linkage control chip 91, a voltage-current dual sampling unit 92, and an emergency backup power supply 93. The linkage control chip 91 receives signals from the solar power module 1 and the supercapacitor 21, and controls the dual power supply switching module 3 and the charging management module 5. The voltage-current dual sampling unit 92 includes a first voltage sampling chip 921, a first current sampling chip 922, a second voltage sampling chip 923, and a second current sampling chip 924. 4. The voltage and current of the solar power module 1 and the supercapacitor 21 are collected respectively. The emergency backup power supply 93 is connected to the power supply terminal of the microcontroller U2 through diode D2. When the main power supply path is abnormal, it supplies power to the microcontroller U2 to ensure that it completes the abnormal recording and alarm command transmission. The load interface module 8 includes a load connection terminal P01, a load overcurrent protection unit 81, and a load identification circuit 82. The load connection terminal P01 is connected to the external load. The load overcurrent protection unit 81 includes a current sampling resistor 811 and an overcurrent detection chip 812. The current sampling resistor 811 is connected in series to detect the load current. The overcurrent detection chip 812 transmits the detection signal to the microcontroller U2. The load identification circuit 82 includes an identification resistor 821 and a voltage sampling chip 822. The voltage sampling chip 822 detects the voltage across the identification resistor 821. The microcontroller U2 adjusts the output power according to the detection result to adapt to the load. This device integrates power supply, energy storage, control, and protection functions, which can improve the reliability, safety, and applicability of the new energy power supply system.

[0038] A circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage includes a solar power supply module 1, a supercapacitor energy storage module 2, a dual power supply switching module 3, a voltage regulation control module 4, a charging management module 5, a main control module 6, and a protection module 9.

[0039] The solar power supply module 1 includes a solar panel 11 and a reverse connection protection unit 12. The reverse connection protection unit 12 includes a diode D1. The anode of the diode D1 is connected to the solar panel 11, and the cathode is connected to the first input terminal of the dual power supply switching module 3 and the first input terminal of the charging management module 5, respectively.

[0040] The supercapacitor energy storage module 2 includes a supercapacitor 21 and an energy storage status monitoring unit 22. The positive terminal of the supercapacitor 21 is connected to the second input terminal of the dual power supply switching module 3, and the negative terminal is grounded. The detection terminal of the energy storage status monitoring unit 22 is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor 21, and the signal output terminal is connected to the first signal input terminal of the main control module 6.

[0041] The control terminal of the dual-power supply switching module 3 is connected to the first control output terminal of the main control module 6, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulation control module 4, for switching power supply modules;

[0042] The voltage regulation control module 4 includes a low-dropout linear regulator U1. The input terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator U1 is connected to the output terminal of the dual-power supply switching module 3, and the output terminal is connected to the main control module 6 and the external load.

[0043] The charging management module 5 includes a charging chip U4 and a USB interface USB1. The USB interface USB1 is connected to an external USB power supply. The input terminal of the charging chip U4 is connected to the USB interface USB1, the output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor 21, and the status signal terminal is connected to the second signal input terminal of the main control module 6.

[0044] The main control module 6 includes a microcontroller U2. The power supply terminal of the microcontroller U2 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulation control module 4, and the control output terminal is connected to the enable terminal of the voltage regulation control module 4 and the charging management module 5, respectively.

[0045] The protection module 9 includes a linkage control chip 91. The input terminal of the linkage control chip 91 is connected to the solar power supply module 1 and the supercapacitor 21. The control terminal is connected to the dual power supply switching module 3 and the charging management module 5 respectively. The signal terminal is connected to the emergency input terminal of the microcontroller U2.

[0046] In the above specific embodiments, this utility model constructs a dual-energy supply structure by setting up a solar power supply module 1 and a supercapacitor energy storage module 2. The solar panel 11 converts solar energy, the diode D1 of the reverse connection protection unit 12 prevents reverse current connection, the supercapacitor 21 stores electrical energy, and the energy storage status monitoring unit 22 detects its positive and negative parameters and transmits them to the main control module 6. The dual-power supply switching module 3 is controlled by the main control module 6 and switches the solar power supply module 1 and the supercapacitor energy storage module 2 to the voltage regulation control module 4. The low-dropout linear regulator U1 of the voltage regulation control module 4 regulates the input voltage. The main control module 6 and external loads are powered by the USB interface USB1 of the charging management module 5, which is connected to an external USB power source. The charging chip U4 charges the supercapacitor 21, and the status signal is transmitted to the main control module 6. The microcontroller U2 of the main control module 6 receives signals from each module and enables the voltage regulation control module 4 and the charging management module 5. The linkage control chip 91 of the protection module 9 collects parameters of the solar power supply module 1 and the supercapacitor 21, controls the dual power supply switching module 3 and the charging management module 5, and transmits the abnormal signal to the emergency input terminal of the microcontroller U2 to solve related technical problems.

[0047] The reverse connection protection unit 12 also includes a first transient suppression diode 121 and a self-resetting fuse 122. One end of the first transient suppression diode 121 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1 and the other end is grounded. The self-resetting fuse 122 is connected in series between the cathode of the diode D1 and the dual power supply switching module 3. When the solar power supply module 1 outputs overvoltage or overcurrent, the first transient suppression diode 121 clamps the voltage and the self-resetting fuse 122 disconnects the protection path.

[0048] In the above specific embodiments, the reverse connection protection unit 12 of this utility model achieves multiple protection functions through device combination and circuit design. Diode D1 uses unidirectional conductivity to block reverse current, preventing circuit damage caused by incorrect polarity connection of the solar panel 11. The first transient suppression diode 121 is connected in parallel in the circuit. When the solar power supply module 1 outputs overvoltage, its impedance drops rapidly, clamping the voltage within a safe threshold to avoid overvoltage surges. The self-resetting fuse 122 is connected in series in the main circuit. Under normal conditions, it conducts at low resistance. During overcurrent, it melts rapidly due to Joule heating, cutting off the circuit at high resistance. After the fault is cleared, it automatically resumes conduction. The three components work together to form a three-level protection mechanism of reverse connection protection, overvoltage clamping, and overcurrent protection. Through circuit topology design, real-time protection of the solar power supply path is achieved, ensuring the safety of the downstream circuit.

[0049] The energy storage status monitoring unit 22 includes a first voltage divider resistor 221, a second voltage divider resistor 222, a voltage comparator 223, and a temperature sensor 224. The first voltage divider resistor 221 and the second voltage divider resistor 222 are connected in series to the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor 21. The voltage divider node is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the voltage comparator 223, and the inverting terminal of the voltage comparator 223 is connected to the reference voltage. The temperature sensor 224 is attached to the surface of the supercapacitor 21. The output terminals of the voltage comparator 223 and the temperature sensor 224 are both connected to the microcontroller U2. When the voltage of the supercapacitor 21 is lower than the reference value or the temperature exceeds the threshold, an early warning signal is sent to the microcontroller U2.

[0050] In the above specific embodiment, the energy storage state monitoring unit 22 of this utility model achieves accurate monitoring of the state of the supercapacitor 21 through the coordinated design of resistor voltage division, voltage comparison, and temperature sensing. The first voltage divider resistor 221 and the second voltage divider resistor 222 are connected in series across the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor 21. Based on the principle of series resistor voltage division, the high voltage of the supercapacitor 21 is proportionally attenuated to the detection voltage of the voltage comparator 223. The voltage divider node is connected to the non-inverting input of the voltage comparator 223; the inverting input of the voltage comparator 223 is connected to a reference voltage, and high and low level signals are output through voltage difference comparison. The temperature sensor 224 is attached to the surface of the supercapacitor 21, and utilizes the electrical characteristics of temperature-sensitive elements (such as resistance or voltage changes with temperature) to convert the surface temperature of the supercapacitor 21 into an electrical signal. The outputs of voltage comparator 223 and temperature sensor 224 are both connected to microcontroller U2. When the voltage of supercapacitor 21 is lower than the reference value, the output level of voltage comparator 223 flips; when the temperature of supercapacitor 21 exceeds the threshold, the output signal of temperature sensor 224 changes. Both send warning signals to microcontroller U2 to realize real-time monitoring of the voltage and temperature status of supercapacitor 21.

[0051] The dual-power supply switching module 3 includes a first MOSFET 31, a second MOSFET 32, a switching control chip 33, and a voltage detection circuit 34. The source of the first MOSFET 31 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1, and the drain is connected to the input terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator U1. The source of the second MOSFET 32 is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor 21, and the drain is connected to the input terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator U1. The voltage detection circuit 34 detects the output voltage of the solar power supply module 1 and the supercapacitor 21, respectively. The detection signal is connected to the switching control chip 33. The control terminal of the switching control chip 33 is connected to the gate of the first MOSFET 31 and the second MOSFET 32. When the output voltage of the solar power supply module 1 is greater than or equal to a preset value, only the first MOSFET 31 is turned on; otherwise, the second MOSFET 32 is turned on.

[0052] In the above specific embodiments, the dual-power supply switching module 3 of this utility model achieves automatic switching of the power supply path through the coordinated design of MOSFET switching and voltage detection. The first MOSFET 31 and the second MOSFET 32 adopt a common-drain connection topology, with their sources connected to the solar power module 1 and the supercapacitor 21 respectively, and their drains connected to the input terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator U1. The on / off state is achieved by utilizing the gate voltage control characteristics of the MOSFETs. The voltage detection circuit 34 samples the output voltage of the solar power module 1 and the supercapacitor 21 in real time, converting the analog voltage signal into a level signal recognizable by the switching control chip 33. The switching control chip 33 compares a preset threshold. When the output voltage of the solar power module 1 is greater than or equal to a preset value, it outputs a high level to drive the first MOSFET 31 to conduct and the second MOSFET 32 to turn off; conversely, it outputs a drive signal to turn on the second MOSFET 32 and turn off the first MOSFET 31. Through a closed-loop mechanism of voltage monitoring-logic judgment-switch control, adaptive switching of dual power supply is achieved.

[0053] The voltage regulation control module 4 further includes a voltage regulation feedback adjustment unit 41 and an EMC filter circuit 42. The voltage regulation feedback adjustment unit 41 includes an adjustable resistor 411 and a third voltage divider resistor 412. The adjustable resistor 411 and the third voltage divider resistor 412 are connected in series between the output terminal of the low dropout linear regulator U1 and ground. The voltage divider node is connected to the feedback terminal of the low dropout linear regulator U1. The EMC filter circuit 42 includes a common-mode inductor 421 and a filter capacitor 422. The common-mode inductor 421 is connected in series at the output terminal of the low dropout linear regulator U1. The filter capacitor 422 is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the common-mode inductor 421 and ground to suppress electromagnetic interference at the output terminal.

[0054] In the above specific embodiments, the voltage regulation control module 4 of this utility model achieves output voltage stability and interference suppression through the coordinated design of feedback regulation and electromagnetic filtering. The voltage regulation feedback regulation unit 41 adopts a voltage divider topology with an adjustable resistor 411 and a third voltage divider resistor 412 connected in series, which is connected between the output terminal of the low dropout linear regulator U1 and ground. The output voltage sampling signal is obtained by using the voltage divider principle of series resistors. The voltage divider node is connected to the feedback terminal of the low dropout linear regulator U1 to form a voltage closed-loop feedback circuit. By adjusting the resistance value of the adjustable resistor 411, the voltage division ratio is changed, and the output voltage of the low dropout linear regulator U1 is dynamically corrected to ensure output stability. The EMC filter circuit 42 adopts an LC filter structure composed of a common-mode inductor 421 and a filter capacitor 422. The common-mode inductor 421 is connected in series with the output of the low-dropout linear regulator U1 to suppress line common-mode noise by utilizing its high impedance characteristics for common-mode interference. The filter capacitor 422 is connected in parallel between the output of the common-mode inductor 421 and ground to absorb differential-mode interference signals through capacitor charging and discharging. The two work together to effectively suppress electromagnetic interference at the output and ensure power supply quality.

[0055] The charging management module 5 further includes a charging protection unit 51 and a charging equalization circuit 52. The charging protection unit 51 includes a second transient suppression diode 511 and a fuse 512. The fuse 512 is connected in series between the output terminal of the charging chip U4 and the supercapacitor 21, and the second transient suppression diode 511 is connected in parallel across the fuse 512. The charging equalization circuit 52 includes an equalization resistor 521 and a MOSFET switch 522. The equalization resistor 521 and the MOSFET switch 522 are connected in series and then in parallel across the supercapacitor 21. The control terminal of the MOSFET switch 522 is connected to the microcontroller U2. When the supercapacitor 21 is close to full charge, the microcontroller U2 turns on the MOSFET switch 522, and the excess power is consumed through the equalization resistor 521 to achieve balanced charging.

[0056] In the above specific embodiments, the charging management module 5 of this utility model achieves safe charging of the supercapacitor through the coordinated design of the protection circuit and the equalization circuit. The charging protection unit 51 adopts a combined topology of a second transient suppression diode 511 and a fuse 512. The fuse 512 is connected in series between the output terminal of the charging chip U4 and the supercapacitor 21. Under normal conditions, it conducts with low resistance. During overcurrent, it melts due to Joule heating to cut off the path. The second transient suppression diode 511 is connected in parallel across the fuse 512. During overvoltage, its impedance drops sharply to clamp the voltage and prevent overvoltage from impacting the supercapacitor 21. The charging equalization circuit 52 adopts a structure in which an equalization resistor 521 and a MOSFET switch 522 are connected in series and then in parallel across the supercapacitor 21. The control terminal of the MOSFET switch 522 is connected to the microcontroller U2. When the supercapacitor 21 is close to full charge, the microcontroller U2 outputs a drive signal to turn on the MOSFET switch 522. Excess power is consumed through the equalization resistor 521, achieving equalization charging. The two work together to ensure the safety and stability of the supercapacitor charging process.

[0057] The main control module 6 also includes a data storage unit 61 and a clock module 62. The data storage unit 61 communicates bidirectionally with the microcontroller U2 and is used to store historical data collected by the energy storage status monitoring unit 22 and the charging log of the charging chip U4. The output terminal of the clock module 62 is connected to the microcontroller U2 and is used to provide a timestamp for data storage. The microcontroller U2 can set the timed charging strategy of the charging management module 5 according to the time signal of the clock module 62.

[0058] In the above specific embodiments, the central control module 6 of this utility model realizes system operation data management and timing control through the collaborative design of data storage and clock synchronization. The data storage unit 61 and the microcontroller U2 adopt a bidirectional communication topology. The microcontroller U2 writes historical data such as voltage and temperature collected by the energy storage status monitoring unit 22, as well as charging logs such as charging start / stop and charging current of the charging chip U4, into the data storage unit 61 through the data bus to realize persistent data storage; when reading, the microcontroller U2 retrieves historical data from the data storage unit 61 through the same bus. The output terminal of the clock module 62 is connected to the clock input terminal of the microcontroller U2 to provide accurate timestamps for data storage, so that each stored data corresponds to the acquisition / generation time; at the same time, the microcontroller U2 receives the real-time time signal from the clock module 62, parses the time parameters through the internal program, and sets the timing charging strategy of the charging management module 5, such as starting or stopping charging during a preset period, to realize time-based charging control. The two work together to ensure the traceability of system data and the accuracy of charging control.

[0059] The protection module 9 also includes a voltage-current dual sampling unit 92 and an emergency backup power supply 93. The voltage-current dual sampling unit 92 includes a first voltage sampling chip 921, a first current sampling chip 922, a second voltage sampling chip 923, and a second current sampling chip 924, which respectively collect the voltage and current of the solar power supply module 1 and the supercapacitor 21. The emergency backup power supply 93 is connected to the power supply terminal of the microcontroller U2 through a diode D2. When the main power supply path is abnormal, the emergency backup power supply 93 supplies power to the microcontroller U2 to ensure that it completes the abnormal recording and alarm command transmission.

[0060] In the above specific embodiments, the protection module 9 of this utility model achieves system safety protection through the coordinated design of parameter sampling and emergency power supply. The voltage-current dual sampling unit 92 adopts a multi-chip sampling topology. The first voltage sampling chip 921 and the first current sampling chip 922 are respectively connected to the voltage output terminal and current loop of the solar power supply module 1, and the second voltage sampling chip 923 and the second current sampling chip 924 are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals and current loop of the supercapacitor 21. Utilizing the analog-to-digital conversion characteristics of the sampling chips, the analog voltage and current signals of the solar power supply module 1 and the supercapacitor 21 are converted into digital signals, providing data support for system anomaly judgment. The emergency backup power supply 93 is connected to the power supply terminal of the microcontroller U2 through diode D2. Diode D2 uses unidirectional conductivity to prevent reverse discharge of the emergency backup power supply 93 when the main power supply path is normal. When the main power supply path is abnormal and causes the power supply to the microcontroller U2 to be interrupted, the emergency backup power supply 93 supplies power to the microcontroller U2 through diode D2, ensuring that it can complete the abnormal recording and alarm command sending. The two work together to construct a dual protection mechanism of system parameter monitoring and emergency power supply.

[0061] The circuit device further includes a load interface module 8, which includes a load connection terminal P01, a load overcurrent protection unit 81, and a load identification circuit 82. The load overcurrent protection unit 81 includes a current sampling resistor 811 and an overcurrent detection chip 812. The current sampling resistor 811 is connected in series between the voltage regulation control module 4 and the load connection terminal P01. The sampling terminal of the overcurrent detection chip 812 is connected to both ends of the current sampling resistor 811, and the output terminal is connected to the microcontroller U2. The load identification circuit 82 includes an identification resistor 821 and a voltage sampling chip 822. The identification resistor 821 is connected in parallel to the load connection terminal P01. The voltage sampling chip 822 detects the voltage across the identification resistor 821, and the detection signal is connected to the microcontroller U2. The microcontroller U2 adjusts the output power to adapt to the load according to the detection result.

[0062] In the above specific embodiments, the load interface module 8 of this utility model achieves load adaptation and safe power supply through the coordinated design of overcurrent protection and load identification. The load overcurrent protection unit 81 adopts a series sampling topology of current sampling resistor 811 and overcurrent detection chip 812. The current sampling resistor 811 is connected in series between the voltage regulation control module 4 and the load connection terminal P01. Based on Ohm's law, it converts the load current into a voltage signal at both ends. The sampling end of the overcurrent detection chip 812 is connected to this voltage signal to monitor the load current change in real time. The output end transmits the detection result to the microcontroller U2 to realize overcurrent status feedback. The load identification circuit 82 adopts a parallel detection structure of identification resistor 821 and voltage sampling chip 822. The identification resistor 821 is connected in parallel to the load connection terminal P01. When different loads are connected, the voltage across the identification resistor 821 will change. The voltage sampling chip 822 detects the voltage signal and transmits it to the microcontroller U2. The microcontroller U2 analyzes the load characteristics according to the detection result and adjusts the output power to adapt to the load. The two work together to achieve safe power supply and accurate adaptation of the load.

[0063] While specific embodiments of this utility model have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these specific embodiments are merely illustrative. Those skilled in the art can omit, substitute, and modify the details of the above methods and systems in various ways without departing from the principles and essence of this utility model. For example, combining the above method steps to perform substantially the same function and achieve substantially the same result according to substantially the same method falls within the scope of this utility model. Therefore, the scope of this utility model is defined only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A circuit device integrating solar power supply and supercapacitor energy storage, characterized in that, It includes a solar power supply module (1), a supercapacitor energy storage module (2), a dual power supply switching module (3), a voltage regulation control module (4), a charging management module (5), a main control module (6), and a protection module (9); The solar power supply module (1) includes a solar panel (11) and a reverse connection protection unit (12). The reverse connection protection unit (12) includes a diode (D1). The anode of the diode (D1) is connected to the solar panel (11), and the cathode is connected to the first input terminal of the dual power supply switching module (3) and the first input terminal of the charging management module (5), respectively. The supercapacitor energy storage module (2) includes a supercapacitor (21) and an energy storage status monitoring unit (22). The positive terminal of the supercapacitor (21) is connected to the second input terminal of the dual power supply switching module (3), and the negative terminal is grounded. The detection terminal of the energy storage status monitoring unit (22) is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor (21), and the signal output terminal is connected to the first signal input terminal of the main control module (6). The control terminal of the dual-power supply switching module (3) is connected to the first control output terminal of the main control module (6), and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulation control module (4) for switching power supply modules; The voltage regulation control module (4) includes a low-dropout linear regulator (U1), the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the dual-power supply switching module (3), and the output terminal is connected to the main control module (6) and the external load; The charging management module (5) includes a charging chip (U4) and a USB interface (USB1). The USB interface (USB1) is connected to an external USB power supply. The input terminal of the charging chip (U4) is connected to the USB interface (USB1), the output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor (21), and the status signal terminal is connected to the second signal input terminal of the main control module (6). The main control module (6) includes a microcontroller (U2), the power supply terminal of the microcontroller (U2) is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulation control module (4), and the control output terminal is connected to the enable terminal of the voltage regulation control module (4) and the charging management module (5) respectively; The protection module (9) includes a linkage control chip (91). The input terminal of the linkage control chip (91) is connected to the solar power supply module (1) and the supercapacitor (21). The control terminal is connected to the dual power supply switching module (3) and the charging management module (5) respectively. The signal terminal is connected to the emergency input terminal of the microcontroller (U2).

2. The circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reverse connection protection unit (12) further includes a first transient suppression diode (121) and a self-resetting fuse (122). One end of the first transient suppression diode (121) is connected to the cathode of the diode (D1) and the other end is grounded. The self-resetting fuse (122) is connected in series between the cathode of the diode (D1) and the dual power supply switching module (3). When the solar power supply module (1) outputs overvoltage or overcurrent, the first transient suppression diode (121) clamps the voltage and the self-resetting fuse (122) disconnects the protection path.

3. The circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage status monitoring unit (22) includes a first voltage divider resistor (221), a second voltage divider resistor (222), a voltage comparator (223), and a temperature sensor (224). The first voltage divider resistor (221) and the second voltage divider resistor (222) are connected in series to the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor (21). The voltage divider node is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the voltage comparator (223). The inverting terminal of the voltage comparator (223) is connected to the reference voltage. The temperature sensor (224) is attached to the surface of the supercapacitor (21). The output terminals of the voltage comparator (223) and the temperature sensor (224) are both connected to the microcontroller (U2). When the voltage of the supercapacitor (21) is lower than the reference value or the temperature exceeds the threshold, an early warning signal is sent to the microcontroller (U2).

4. The circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-power supply switching module (3) includes a first MOSFET (31), a second MOSFET (32), a switching control chip (33), and a voltage detection circuit (34). The source of the first MOSFET (31) is connected to the cathode of the diode (D1), and the drain is connected to the input terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator (U1). The source of the second MOSFET (32) is connected to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor (21), and the drain is connected to the input terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator (U1). The voltage detection circuit (34) detects the output voltage of the solar power supply module (1) and the supercapacitor (21) respectively. The detection signal is connected to the switching control chip (33). The control terminal of the switching control chip (33) is connected to the gate of the first MOSFET (31) and the second MOSFET (32). When the output voltage of the solar power supply module (1) is ≥ a preset value, only the first MOSFET (31) is turned on; otherwise, the second MOSFET (32) is turned on.

5. The circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage regulation control module (4) further includes a voltage regulation feedback adjustment unit (41) and an EMC filter circuit (42). The voltage regulation feedback adjustment unit (41) includes an adjustable resistor (411) and a third voltage divider resistor (412). The adjustable resistor (411) and the third voltage divider resistor (412) are connected in series between the output terminal of the low dropout linear regulator (U1) and ground. The voltage divider node is connected to the feedback terminal of the low dropout linear regulator (U1). The EMC filter circuit (42) includes a common-mode inductor (421) and a filter capacitor (422). The common-mode inductor (421) is connected in series at the output terminal of the low dropout linear regulator (U1). The filter capacitor (422) is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the common-mode inductor (421) and ground to suppress electromagnetic interference at the output terminal.

6. The circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging management module (5) further includes a charging protection unit (51) and a charging equalization circuit (52). The charging protection unit (51) includes a second transient suppression diode (511) and a fuse (512). The fuse (512) is connected in series between the output terminal of the charging chip (U4) and the supercapacitor (21). The second transient suppression diode (511) is connected in parallel across the fuse (512). The charging equalization circuit (52) includes an equalization resistor (521) and a MOS switch (522). The equalization resistor (521) and the MOS switch (522) are connected in series and then in parallel across the supercapacitor (21). The control terminal of the MOS switch (522) is connected to the microcontroller (U2). When the supercapacitor (21) is close to full charge, the microcontroller (U2) turns on the MOS switch (522) and uses the equalization resistor (521) to consume excess power to achieve equalization charging.

7. The circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module (6) also includes a data storage unit (61) and a clock module (62). The data storage unit (61) communicates bidirectionally with the microcontroller (U2) and is used to store historical data collected by the energy storage status monitoring unit (22) and the charging log of the charging chip (U4). The output terminal of the clock module (62) is connected to the microcontroller (U2) and is used to provide a timestamp for data storage. The microcontroller (U2) can set the timed charging strategy of the charging management module (5) according to the time signal of the clock module (62).

8. The circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection module (9) further includes a voltage-current dual sampling unit (92) and an emergency backup power supply (93). The voltage-current dual sampling unit (92) includes a first voltage sampling chip (921), a first current sampling chip (922), a second voltage sampling chip (923), and a second current sampling chip (924), which respectively collect the voltage and current of the solar power supply module (1) and the supercapacitor (21). The emergency backup power supply (93) is connected to the power supply terminal of the microcontroller (U2) through a diode (D2). When the main power supply path is abnormal, the emergency backup power supply (93) supplies power to the microcontroller (U2) to ensure that it completes the abnormal recording and alarm command transmission.

9. The circuit device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The circuit device further includes a load interface module (8), which includes a load connection terminal (P01), a load overcurrent protection unit (81), and a load identification circuit (82). The load overcurrent protection unit (81) includes a current sampling resistor (811) and an overcurrent detection chip (812). The current sampling resistor (811) is connected in series between the voltage regulation control module (4) and the load connection terminal (P01). The sampling terminal of the overcurrent detection chip (812) is connected to both ends of the current sampling resistor (811), and the output terminal is connected to the microcontroller (U2). The load identification circuit (82) includes an identification resistor (821) and a voltage sampling chip (822). The identification resistor (821) is connected in parallel to the load connection terminal (P01). The voltage sampling chip (822) detects the voltage across the identification resistor (821), and the detection signal is connected to the microcontroller (U2). The microcontroller (U2) adjusts the output power to adapt to the load according to the detection result.

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