Transparent electrode composite layer, solar cell, photovoltaic module and electric equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a transparent electrode composite layer, a solar cell, a photovoltaic assembly and electric equipment. The transparent electrode composite layer is applied to the solar cell, the solar cell comprises a light absorption active layer, the transparent electrode composite layer is arranged on the light incident side of the light absorption active layer, and the transparent electrode composite layer comprises a transparent conductive layer and a down-conversion luminescent layer, the transparent conductive layer is arranged on at least part of the surface, away from the light absorption active layer, of the down-conversion light-emitting layer. The transparent electrode composite layer comprises the transparent conducting layer and the down-conversion luminescent layer, the down-conversion luminescent layer can convert ultraviolet band sunlight penetrating through the transparent conducting layer into visible light, the total light absorption amount of the light absorption active layer of the solar cell is increased, and therefore the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of a device can be effectively improved. Meanwhile, the solar cell can be prevented from being damaged by ultraviolet light, so that the stability of the device can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of solar cell technology, specifically relating to a transparent electrode composite layer, a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] Solar energy, with its advantages of wide availability, abundant reserves, and clean, pollution-free operation, is considered one of the most promising clean energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Solar cells, which directly convert solar energy into electrical energy, have seen rapid development in recent years. Promoting the industrialization of various types of solar cells requires consideration of three factors: efficiency, cost, and stability. Among these, improving device efficiency is paramount for any type of solar cell. Tandem solar cells, by further enhancing the comprehensive utilization of the solar spectrum, have seen their theoretical maximum efficiency further increased.

[0003] Transparent electrodes are one of the key components in tandem solar cells and semi-transparent solar cells. Currently, existing transparent electrodes have a certain degree of unavoidable parasitic absorption within the solar spectrum, which reduces the amount of light absorbed by the light-absorbing active layer of the solar cell, thus affecting the further improvement of the efficiency of the solar cell device. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a transparent electrode composite layer, a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, and an electrical device. The transparent electrode composite layer of this invention includes a transparent conductive layer and a down-conversion light-emitting layer. The down-conversion light-emitting layer converts ultraviolet sunlight transmitted through the transparent conductive layer into visible light, increasing the total light absorption of the light-absorbing active layer of the solar cell, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device. Simultaneously, it avoids the destructive effects of ultraviolet light on the solar cell, thus contributing to improved device stability.

[0005] In one aspect, this invention provides a transparent electrode composite layer. According to an embodiment of this invention, the transparent electrode composite layer is applied to a solar cell, the solar cell including a light-absorbing active layer, the transparent electrode composite layer being disposed on the light-incident side of the light-absorbing active layer, the transparent electrode composite layer comprising: a transparent conductive layer and a down-conversion luminescent layer, the transparent conductive layer being disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the down-conversion luminescent layer away from the light-absorbing active layer.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the transparent electrode composite layer includes a transparent conductive layer and a down-conversion light-emitting layer. The down-conversion light-emitting layer can convert ultraviolet sunlight transmitted through the transparent conductive layer into visible light, increasing the total light absorption of the light-absorbing active layer of the solar cell, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device. At the same time, it can also avoid the destructive effect of ultraviolet light on the solar cell, thus helping to improve the stability of the device.

[0007] In addition, the transparent electrode composite layer according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0008] In some embodiments of this invention, the band gap of the transparent conductive layer ranges from 4.5 eV to 7.0 eV.

[0009] In some embodiments of this invention, the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 50 nm to 200 nm.

[0010] In some embodiments of this invention, the thickness of the downconversion light-emitting layer is 10 nm to 50 nm.

[0011] In some embodiments of this invention, the transmittance of the transparent conductive layer is 80%–100%; and / or, the resistivity of the transparent conductive layer is less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. -3 Ω·cm; and / or, the material of the transparent conductive layer is one of gallium oxide, indium-doped gallium oxide, nickel-doped gallium oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum gallium nitride, boron nitride, and diamond.

[0012] In some embodiments of this invention, the material of the downconversion light-emitting layer is Sr2TiO4:Sm 3+ Sr2SiO4:Eu 3+ Sr2TiO4:Eu 3+ Ca3Y2B4O 12 :Tb 3+ Ca3Y2B4O 12 Eu 3+ One of them.

[0013] In a second aspect, this invention provides a solar cell. According to an embodiment of this invention, the solar cell includes the transparent electrode composite layer described in the above embodiments. Therefore, the solar cell of this invention exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and high stability.

[0014] In addition, the solar cell according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0015] In some embodiments of this utility model, the solar cell includes: a first bottom electrode layer, a first charge transport layer, a first light-absorbing active layer, a second charge transport layer, a transparent electrode composite layer as described in the above embodiments, and a first grid electrode, which are stacked sequentially. The first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer have opposite conductivity types.

[0016] In some embodiments of this utility model, the first light-absorbing active layer is a perovskite absorption layer, the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer; or, the first light-absorbing active layer is a perovskite absorption layer, the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer.

[0017] In some embodiments of this utility model, the solar cell includes: a bottom cell, an intermediate interconnect layer, and a top cell including the transparent electrode composite layer described in the above embodiments.

[0018] In some embodiments of this invention, the bottom cell is a crystalline silicon solar cell or a copper indium gallium selenide solar cell.

[0019] In some embodiments of this utility model, the solar cell includes: a second grid electrode, a second bottom electrode layer, a first doped layer, a second light-absorbing active layer, a second doped layer, an intermediate interconnect layer, a third charge transport layer, a third light-absorbing active layer, a fourth charge transport layer, a transparent electrode composite layer as described in the above embodiments, and a third grid electrode, which are stacked sequentially. The first doped layer and the second doped layer have opposite doping types, and the third charge transport layer and the fourth charge transport layer have opposite conductivity types. The third light-absorbing active layer is a perovskite absorption layer.

[0020] In some embodiments of this invention, the third charge transport layer is a hole transport layer and the fourth charge transport layer is an electron transport layer; or, the third charge transport layer is an electron transport layer and the fourth charge transport layer is a hole transport layer.

[0021] In some embodiments of this invention, the second light-absorbing active layer is an n-type silicon substrate, the first doped layer is an N-type doped layer, and the second doped layer is a P-type doped layer; or, the second light-absorbing active layer is an n-type silicon substrate, the first doped layer is a P-type doped layer, and the second doped layer is an N-type doped layer.

[0022] In a third aspect, this application proposes a photovoltaic cell module. According to embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic cell module has a solar cell as described in the above embodiments. Therefore, the solar cell in the photovoltaic cell module has high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and high stability.

[0023] A photovoltaic cell module is a finished module with power generation output function, which is produced by connecting multiple solar cells in series and / or in parallel and through processes such as lamination and encapsulation. Specifically, a photovoltaic cell module includes photovoltaic glass, encapsulation film, tandem solar cells, encapsulation film, backsheet, etc.

[0024] In a fourth aspect, this utility model provides an electrical device. According to an embodiment of this utility model, the electrical device has the solar cell described in the above embodiments. This electrical device possesses all the features and advantages of the solar cell described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the transparent electrode composite layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Figure label:

[0031] 1-First bottom electrode layer, 2-First charge transport layer, 3-First interface modification layer, 4-First light-absorbing active layer, 5-Second interface modification layer, 6-Second charge transport layer, 7-Transparent electrode composite layer, 7-1-Down-conversion light-emitting layer, 7-2-Transparent conductive layer, 8-First gate electrode, 9-Second gate electrode, 10-Second bottom electrode layer, 11-First doped layer, 12-Second light-absorbing active layer, 13-Second doped layer, 14-Intermediate interconnect layer, 15-Third charge transport layer, 16-Third interface modification layer, 17-Third light-absorbing active layer, 18-Fourth interface modification layer, 19-Fourth charge transport layer, 20-Third gate electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0034] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0035] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0037] In one aspect, this invention provides a transparent electrode composite layer. According to an embodiment of this invention, the transparent electrode composite layer 7 is applied to a solar cell, which includes a light-absorbing active layer. The transparent electrode composite layer 7 is disposed on the light-incident side of the light-absorbing active layer. (Refer to the attached drawing.) Figure 1 The transparent electrode composite layer 7 includes a transparent conductive layer 7-2 and a downconversion light-emitting layer 7-1, wherein the transparent conductive layer 7-2 is disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the downconversion light-emitting layer 7-1 away from the light-absorbing active layer.

[0038] The beneficial effects that the transparent electrode composite layer 7 proposed in this utility model can achieve are described in detail below:

[0039] In this invention, a transparent electrode composite layer 7 is provided on the light-incident side of the light-absorbing active layer. The transparent electrode composite layer 7 includes a transparent conductive layer 7-2 and a down-conversion light-emitting layer 7-1. The down-conversion light-emitting layer 7-1 converts ultraviolet sunlight transmitted through the transparent conductive layer 7-2 into visible light, increasing the total light absorption of the solar cell's light-absorbing active layer and thus effectively improving the device's photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). Simultaneously, it avoids the destructive effects of ultraviolet light on the solar cell, thereby improving the device's stability. Therefore, this invention has significant commercial application potential and development space.

[0040] Specifically, the downconversion light-emitting layer 7-1 can convert ultraviolet sunlight with wavelengths of 200nm to 400nm that passes through the transparent conductive layer 7-2 into visible light with wavelengths of 400nm to 750nm, further enhancing the absorption and utilization of the spectrum by the light-absorbing active layer in the solar cell, which in turn is conducive to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device.

[0041] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the band gap range of the transparent conductive layer 7-2 is 4.5eV to 7.0eV. Therefore, the present invention uses an ultra-wide band gap transparent conductive layer 7-2, which can effectively transmit sunlight with wavelengths greater than 200nm and effectively reduce its own absorption of short-wavelength high-energy light in the solar spectrum, thereby broadening the range of light transmission bands.

[0042] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 7-2 is 50nm to 200nm, and for example, it can be 50nm, 80nm, 100nm, 120nm, 150nm, 180nm, 200nm, etc., thereby further reducing the recombination loss of charge carriers when they are transported in the direction parallel to the surface of the solar cell, and further increasing the collection efficiency of charge carriers.

[0043] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the downconversion light-emitting layer 7-1 is 10nm to 50nm, and for example, it can be 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, etc. This can further ensure that the downconversion light-emitting layer 7-1 converts the ultraviolet sunlight passing through the transparent conductive layer 7-2 into visible light, thereby further increasing the total light absorption of the light-absorbing active layer of the solar cell.

[0044] According to some specific embodiments of this utility model, the transmittance of the transparent conductive layer is 80% to 100%, for example, it can be 82%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 92%, 95%, 97%, 100%, etc., thereby further ensuring the high transmittance of the transparent conductive layer in the 300nm to 800nm ​​wavelength band and effectively reducing its absorption of energy light in the solar spectrum. Preferably, the transmittance of the transparent conductive layer in the 300nm to 800nm ​​wavelength band is 80% to 100%.

[0045] According to some specific embodiments of this utility model, the resistivity of the transparent conductive layer is less than 1×10⁻⁶. -3 Ω·cm, for example, can be 1×10 -4 Ω·cm, 5×10 -4 Ω·cm, 1×10 -5 Ω·cm, 5×10 -5 Ω·cm, 1×10 -6 Ω·cm, 1×10 -7 Ω·cm, 1×10 -8 Ω·cm, etc., thereby further ensuring that the transparent conductive layer has high conductivity.

[0046] In the embodiments of this utility model, the specific type of material of the transparent conductive layer 7-2 is not particularly limited. As some preferred embodiments, the material of the transparent conductive layer 7-2 can be one of the following: metal oxide (e.g., gallium oxide Ga2O3), doped metal oxide (e.g., indium-doped gallium oxide, nickel-doped gallium oxide), metal nitride or its solid solution (e.g., aluminum nitride AlN, aluminum gallium nitride AlGaN), organic nitride (e.g., boron nitride BN), and diamond. The transparent conductive layer 7-2 formed by the above materials has an ultra-wide bandgap, which can effectively transmit sunlight with wavelengths greater than 200 nm, and can effectively reduce its own absorption of short-wavelength high-energy light in the solar spectrum, thereby broadening the range of light transmission bands.

[0047] In the embodiments of this utility model, the specific type of material of the down-conversion light-emitting layer 7-1 is not particularly limited. As some preferred embodiments, the material of the down-conversion light-emitting layer 7-1 is Sr2TiO4:Sm 3+ Sr2SiO4:Eu 3+Sr2TiO4:Eu 3+ Ca3Y2B4O 12 :Tb 3+ Ca3Y2B4O 12 Eu 3+ One of them. The downconversion light-emitting layer 7-1 formed by the above materials can convert ultraviolet sunlight with wavelengths of 200nm to 400nm that passes through the transparent conductive layer 7-2 into visible light with wavelengths of 400nm to 750nm, which further enhances the absorption and utilization of the spectrum by the light-absorbing active layer in the solar cell, thereby contributing to the improvement of the device's photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE).

[0048] In an embodiment of this invention, the method for preparing the above-mentioned transparent electrode composite layer 7 is as follows:

[0049] 1) Take an appropriate amount of downconversion luminescent material powder and dissolve it in at least one solvent selected from chlorobenzene, toluene, anisole, and ethyl acetate, dispersing it evenly to a concentration of 15 mg / mL to 25 mg / mL. Then, spin-coat an appropriate amount of the solution onto a battery substrate and anneal it at 100℃ to 200℃ for 10 min to 60 min to form a downconversion luminescent layer 7-1. The thickness of the formed downconversion luminescent layer 7-1 is 10 nm to 50 nm.

[0050] 2) Ultra-wide bandgap transparent electrode layers can be prepared using magnetron sputtering, RPD (reactive plasma deposition), ALD (atomic layer deposition), electron beam evaporation, or PECVD (plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition). The thickness of the formed transparent electrode layer is 50 nm to 200 nm.

[0051] In a second aspect, this invention provides a solar cell. According to an embodiment of this invention, the solar cell includes the transparent electrode composite layer 7 described in the above embodiments. Therefore, the solar cell of this invention exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and high stability.

[0052] Specifically, the transparent electrode composite layer 7 of the above embodiments can be applied to semi-transparent solar cells (including but not limited to semi-transparent perovskite solar cells, heterojunction solar cells (i.e., HJT solar cells)), tandem solar cells (including but not limited to perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cells, perovskite / copper indium gallium selenide tandem solar cells), etc.

[0053] According to some specific embodiments of this utility model, the above-mentioned solar cell can be a single-junction solar cell, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2The single-junction solar cell includes: a first bottom electrode layer 1, a first charge transport layer 2, a first light-absorbing active layer 4, a second charge transport layer 6, a transparent electrode composite layer 7 as described in the above embodiment, and a first grid electrode 8, stacked sequentially. The first charge transport layer 2 and the second charge transport layer 6 have opposite conductivity types. Therefore, the solar cell possesses the transparent electrode composite layer 7 of the first aspect of this invention, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the single-junction solar cell.

[0054] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the first light-absorbing active layer 4 is a perovskite absorption layer, the first charge transport layer 2 is a hole transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 6 is an electron transport layer. That is, the solar cell is a conventional perovskite cell. Thus, the conventional perovskite cell has the transparent electrode composite layer 7 of the first aspect of the present invention, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the aforementioned conventional perovskite cell. Alternatively, the first light-absorbing active layer 4 is a perovskite absorption layer, the first charge transport layer 2 is an electron transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 6 is a hole transport layer. That is, the solar cell is a reverse perovskite cell. Thus, the reverse perovskite cell has the transparent electrode composite layer 7 of the first aspect of the present invention, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the aforementioned reverse perovskite cell.

[0055] According to some further specific embodiments of the present invention, see the attached drawing. Figure 2 The aforementioned perovskite solar cell further includes: a first interface modification layer 3, disposed between the first charge transport layer 2 and the first light-absorbing active layer 4; and a second interface modification layer 5, disposed between the second charge transport layer 6 and the first light-absorbing active layer 4. The first interface modification layer 3 effectively improves the contact between the first charge transport layer 2 and the first light-absorbing active layer 4, reduces charge recombination at the interface, and improves charge extraction efficiency. It also passivates defects at the interface, reducing non-radiative recombination losses, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the solar cell. Similarly, the second interface modification layer 5 effectively improves the contact between the second charge transport layer 6 and the first light-absorbing active layer 4, reduces charge recombination at the interface, and improves charge extraction efficiency. It also passivates defects at the interface, reducing non-radiative recombination losses, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0056] The following uses a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell as an example, as a specific embodiment, with reference to the appendix. Figure 2 The structure of a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell is: TCO layer / NiO x Layer / Self-assembled monolayer (SAM layer) / First interface modification layer 3 / Perovskite absorber layer / Second interface modification layer 5 / C60 layer / SnO xLayer / transparent electrode composite layer 7 / metal gate line. Wherein, the aforementioned NiO... x The first charge transport layer 2 is formed by the C60 layer / SnO layer together with the self-assembled monolayer (SAM). x The layers together form the second charge transport layer 6, the TCO layer is the first bottom electrode layer 1, the perovskite absorption layer is the first light absorption active layer 4, and the metal gate line is the first gate line electrode 8.

[0057] Its preparation process is as follows:

[0058] 1) The above-mentioned TCO layer is a transparent conductive oxide thin film layer, preferably at least one of FTO and ITO, with a thickness of 150nm to 300nm.

[0059] 2) The above NiO x The layer can be prepared by solution method, magnetron sputtering or electron beam evaporation, with a thickness of 10 nm to 30 nm.

[0060] 3) The above-mentioned SAM layer can be prepared by solution method or vacuum thermal evaporation method, and the material is preferably at least one of the following: carbazole phosphate, carbazole sulfonate, carbazole acetate, thiazole phosphate, thiazole sulfonate, thiazole acetate, phenthiazide phosphate, phenthiazide sulfonate, phenthiazide acetate.

[0061] 4) The first interface modification layer 3 and the second interface modification layer 5 are organic molecules with specific functional groups, preferably at least one of thiol groups, sulfonic acid groups, and ammonium halide salts.

[0062] 5) The structure of the above perovskite absorber layer satisfies ABX3, the band gap ranges from 1.3eV to 2.0eV, and the thickness is from 300nm to 1500nm.

[0063] 6) The C60 layer mentioned above can be prepared by hot evaporation or spin coating, with a thickness of 10nm to 40nm.

[0064] 7) The above SnO x The layer can be prepared by magnetron sputtering or atomic layer deposition (ALD) and has a thickness of 10 nm to 30 nm.

[0065] 8) The preparation method of the above transparent electrode composite layer 7 is as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0066] 9) The above-mentioned metal grid lines can be prepared by thermal evaporation or screen printing. The materials that can be selected are at least one of Ag, Cu, Al, Au or at least one of their solid solutions, with a thickness of 80 nm to 1000 nm.

[0067] According to some specific embodiments of this utility model, the above-mentioned solar cell can be a tandem solar cell, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 The aforementioned tandem solar cell includes: a second grid electrode 9, a second bottom electrode layer 10, a first doped layer 11, a second light-absorbing active layer 12, a second doped layer 13, an intermediate interconnect layer 14, a third charge transport layer 15, a third light-absorbing active layer 17, a fourth charge transport layer 19, a transparent electrode composite layer 7 according to the first aspect of this invention, and a third grid electrode 20, stacked sequentially. The first doped layer 11 and the second doped layer 13 have opposite doping types, the third charge transport layer 15 and the fourth charge transport layer 19 have opposite conductivity types, and the third light-absorbing active layer 17 is a perovskite absorption layer. Therefore, the aforementioned tandem solar cell has the transparent electrode composite layer 7 according to the first aspect of this invention, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the aforementioned single-junction solar cell.

[0068] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, refer to the appendix. Figure 3 The aforementioned tandem solar cell further includes: a third interface modification layer 16, disposed between the third charge transport layer 15 and the third light-absorbing active layer 17; and a fourth interface modification layer 18, disposed between the fourth charge transport layer 19 and the third light-absorbing active layer 17. The functions of the third interface modification layer 16 and the fourth interface modification layer 18 are similar to those of the first and second interface modification layers described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0069] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the second light-absorbing active layer 12 is an n-type silicon substrate, the first doped layer 11 is an N-type doped layer, the second doped layer 13 is a P-type doped layer, then the third charge transport layer 15 is an electron transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer 19 is a hole transport layer; or, the second light-absorbing active layer 12 is an n-type silicon substrate, the first doped layer 11 is a P-type doped layer, the second doped layer 13 is an N-type doped layer, then the third charge transport layer 15 is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer 19 is an electron transport layer.

[0070] Taking a perovskite / HJT tandem solar cell as an example, as a specific embodiment, please refer to the appendix. Figure 2 The battery structure is TCO layer / a-Si:H(p+) / a-Si:H(i) / nc-Si / a-Si:H(i) / a-Si:H(n+) / intermediate interconnect layer / NiO x / SAM / Third Interface Modification Layer 16 / Perovskite Absorber Layer / Fourth Interface Modification Layer 18 / C60 Layer / SnO xLayer / transparent electrode composite layer 7 / metal gate line. The aforementioned TCO layer is the second bottom electrode layer 10. The aforementioned a-Si:H(p+) / a-Si:H(i) together form the first doped layer 11, the aforementioned a-Si:H(i) / a-Si:H(n+) together form the second doped layer 13, the aforementioned nc-Si is the second light-absorbing active layer 12, and the aforementioned NiO... x / SAM together form the third charge transport layer 15, the aforementioned C60 layer / SnO x The layers together form the fourth charge transport layer 19. The aforementioned perovskite absorption layer is the third light-absorbing active layer 17, the bottom metal gate line is the second gate electrode 9, and the top metal gate line is the third gate electrode 20. The fabrication method is as follows:

[0071] 1) The above-mentioned HJT bottom cell is supplied by the HJT production line, and its thickness ranges from 80μm to 250μm.

[0072] 2) The fabrication process of the perovskite half-cell portion in the perovskite / HJT tandem solar cell is the same as that of the semi-transparent perovskite solar cell, and will not be repeated here.

[0073] 3) The above-mentioned intermediate interconnect layer is composed of a TCO layer or a crystalline silicon tunnel structure with different doping types. The thickness of the TCO layer is 10nm to 30nm; the tunnel junction is uc-Si:H(n+ / p+) (microcrystalline silicon) or nc-Si:H(n+ / p+) (nanocrystalline silicon), with a total thickness of 10nm to 50nm.

[0074] In a third aspect, this application proposes a photovoltaic cell module. According to embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic cell module has a solar cell as described in the above embodiments. Therefore, the solar cell in the photovoltaic cell module has high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and high stability.

[0075] A photovoltaic cell module is a finished module with power generation output function, which is produced by connecting multiple solar cells in series and / or in parallel and through processes such as lamination and encapsulation. Specifically, a photovoltaic cell module includes photovoltaic glass, encapsulation film, tandem solar cells, encapsulation film, backsheet, etc.

[0076] In a fourth aspect, this utility model provides an electrical device. According to an embodiment of this utility model, the electrical device has a solar cell or a photovoltaic cell module as described above. This electrical device possesses all the features and advantages of the solar cell described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0077] Specifically, electrical equipment can include lighting elements, display elements, mobile devices, etc., specifically including streetlights, signal lights, insect-killing lamps, electric fans, electric toys, power tools, electric vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc. Among them, electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.; photovoltaic power generation systems can include large-scale ground photovoltaic power generation systems, distributed photovoltaic power generation and building-integrated photovoltaic power generation systems, etc.

[0078] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0079] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transparent electrode composite layer, characterized in that, The solar cell includes a light-absorbing active layer, and a transparent electrode composite layer is disposed on the light-incident side of the light-absorbing active layer. The transparent electrode composite layer includes a transparent conductive layer and a down-conversion luminescent layer, and the transparent conductive layer is disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the down-conversion luminescent layer away from the light-absorbing active layer.

2. The transparent electrode composite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The band gap of the transparent conductive layer is in the range of 4.5eV to 7.0eV.

3. The transparent electrode composite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 50nm to 200nm.

4. The transparent electrode composite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the downconversion light-emitting layer is 10 nm to 50 nm.

5. The transparent electrode composite layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The light transmittance of the transparent conductive layer is 80% to 100%; And / or, the resistivity of the transparent conductive layer is less than 1×10⁻⁶. -3 Ω·cm; And / or, the material of the transparent conductive layer is one of gallium oxide, indium-doped gallium oxide, nickel-doped gallium oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum gallium nitride, boron nitride, and diamond.

6. The transparent electrode composite layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The material of the downconversion luminescent layer is Sr2TiO4:Sm 3+ Sr2SiO4:Eu 3+ Sr2TiO4:Eu 3+ Ca3Y2B4O 12 :Tb 3+ Ca3Y2B4O 12 Eu 3+ One of them.

7. A solar cell, characterized in that, It includes the transparent electrode composite layer according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, include: The first bottom electrode layer, the first charge transport layer, the first light-absorbing active layer, the second charge transport layer, the transparent electrode composite layer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the first gate electrode are stacked in sequence, wherein the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer have opposite conductivity types.

9. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first light-absorbing active layer is a perovskite absorption layer, the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer; Alternatively, the first light-absorbing active layer may be a perovskite absorption layer, the first charge transport layer may be an electron transport layer, and the second charge transport layer may be a hole transport layer.

10. The solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, include: A bottom cell, an intermediate interconnect layer, and a top cell including the transparent electrode composite layer described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

11. The solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that, The bottom cell is a crystalline silicon solar cell or a copper indium gallium selenide solar cell.

12. The solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that, include: The second gate electrode, the second bottom electrode layer, the first doped layer, the second light-absorbing active layer, the second doped layer, the intermediate interconnect layer, the third charge transport layer, the third light-absorbing active layer, the fourth charge transport layer, the transparent electrode composite layer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the third gate electrode are stacked in sequence, wherein the doping types of the first doped layer and the second doped layer are opposite, the conductivity types of the third charge transport layer and the fourth charge transport layer are opposite, and the third light-absorbing active layer is a perovskite absorption layer.

13. The solar cell according to claim 12, characterized in that, The third charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer is an electron transport layer; Alternatively, the third charge transport layer may be an electron transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer may be a hole transport layer.

14. The solar cell according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second light-absorbing active layer is an n-type silicon substrate, the first doped layer is an N-type doped layer, and the second doped layer is a P-type doped layer; Alternatively, the second light-absorbing active layer is an n-type silicon substrate, the first doped layer is a p-type doped layer, and the second doped layer is an n-type doped layer.

15. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The solar cell includes any one of claims 7 to 14.

16. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, It includes the solar cell according to any one of claims 7 to 14 or the photovoltaic module according to claim 15.

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