Cutter head structure capable of preventing machine from being stuck and tunnel boring and blasting machine

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of shield tunneling machine structures, and particularly relates to an anti-jamming cutter head structure and a tunnel boring and blasting machine. High-pressure fluid is arranged on the front face and the side face of the cutter head structure, a flow state layer is formed between a cutter head and a rock stratum or rock slag through the high-pressure fluid, and therefore the friction resistance of the contact face of the cutter head and the rock stratum or rock slag is reduced. A first high-pressure fluid nozzle is arranged on the cutterhead body, and the spraying direction of the first high-pressure fluid nozzle is opposite to the rotating direction of the cutterhead. And a second high-pressure fluid nozzle is also arranged on the cutter head body. According to the anti-jamming cutter head structure with the novel structural design and the tunnel boring and blasting machine, the risk that the tunnel boring machine or the tunnel boring and blasting machine is jammed under complex geological conditions is avoided, the tunneling efficiency in the tunneling process is improved, the tunneling energy consumption in the tunneling process is reduced, and green and efficient tunneling construction operation is achieved.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of shield machine structure technology; specifically, it relates to an anti-jamming cutterhead structure and a tunnel boring and blasting machine. Background technology:

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a large-scale tunneling machine primarily used for excavating tunnels underground. It is widely used in infrastructure construction such as subways, railways, highways, and water conservancy projects. It excavates through strata while simultaneously performing support and lining work, offering advantages such as speed, safety, and minimal environmental impact. The TBM cutterhead, as the core front-end component, is used to cut and break the soil or rock ahead. The cutterhead is equipped with various cutting tools, and the appropriate configuration is selected based on geological conditions to ensure efficient excavation. However, TBM jamming or mud cake formation is one of the more serious problems in tunnel construction. Sudden changes in the excavated strata, such as encountering clay or soil with high water content, can easily cause mud cake to form on the cutterhead, increasing frictional resistance and preventing the cutterhead from rotating normally. Alternatively, during excavation in hard rock strata or fault zones, insufficient power in the cutterhead drive system can obstruct the TBM's advance, preventing normal excavation. A tunnel boring machine (TBM) uses rotating cutting tools to excavate while simultaneously breaking the surrounding rock inside the tunnel, thus forming the entire tunnel cross-section. Compared with traditional drill-and-blast construction, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have advantages such as high tunneling efficiency, high tunnel quality, and minimal disturbance to the surrounding rock. However, TBMs have poor adaptability to geological conditions. Under complex geological conditions, they often encounter adverse geological factors such as faults, fracture zones, karst caves, strong rock bursts, soft and large deformations, ultra-long tunnels, and ultra-deep burials, which can often lead to serious accidents such as the machine getting stuck, buried, or even scrapped.

[0003] A fluidized layer refers to a state in which a particulate solid material exhibits liquid-like properties under the influence of a fluid (usually a gas or liquid). In this state, the particles are dispersed and suspended by the fluid, the entire particle layer is fluid, and the friction between particles is greatly reduced, behaving like a "fluid." The formation of a fluidized layer requires fluid to pass from the bottom of the particles upwards, giving the particles buoyancy from below. As the fluid velocity increases, the distance between the particles increases, the contact weakens, and the particles gradually leave their static state and begin to suspend. When the fluid velocity reaches a certain value, the particle layer is completely suspended, forming a fluidized layer. Utility Model Content:

[0004] The purpose of this invention is:

[0005] The main purpose is to provide an anti-jamming cutterhead structure and tunnel boring machine (TBM). By arranging high-pressure fluid on the front and sides of the cutterhead structure, a fluid layer is formed between the cutterhead and the rock strata or rock debris. This reduces the frictional resistance at the contact surface between the cutterhead and the rock strata or rock debris, effectively increasing the cutterhead torque and cutting efficiency. Furthermore, it prevents the cutterhead from forming mud cakes or slag, avoiding the risk of jamming in complex geological conditions. This improves the tunneling efficiency of the TBM or TBM during tunneling, reduces energy consumption during tunneling, achieves green and efficient tunneling operations, and enhances the economic benefits for enterprises.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A cutterhead structure for preventing jamming includes a cutterhead body and a main cutter provided on the cutterhead body. The structure is characterized by: a first high-pressure fluid nozzle provided on the cutterhead body, the first high-pressure fluid nozzle being arranged on the side of the cutterhead body and the spraying direction being opposite to the rotation direction of the cutterhead; and a second high-pressure fluid nozzle also provided on the cutterhead body, the second high-pressure fluid nozzle being arranged on the front of the cutterhead body along the tunnel face.

[0008] The first high-pressure fluid nozzle and the second high-pressure fluid nozzle are arranged in a ring on the cutter head body.

[0009] A rotary joint is provided on the back of the cutter head, which is connected to the first high-pressure fluid nozzle and the second high-pressure fluid nozzle. The other end of the rotary joint is connected to a high-pressure fluid pipeline.

[0010] The high-pressure fluid pipeline adopts a liquid pipeline. The first high-pressure fluid nozzle and / or the second high-pressure fluid nozzle include an inlet pipe and a high-pressure spraying assembly. The high-pressure spraying assembly includes an inner assembly and an outer assembly. A main chamber is provided in the inner assembly, and multiple first spray holes are provided in the main chamber. An outer assembly is sleeved on the outside of the inner assembly, and a secondary chamber is provided on the outer assembly. The main chamber and the secondary chamber are connected by a through hole. Multiple second spray holes are provided in the secondary chamber, and the second spray holes are distributed in an involute structure.

[0011] The high-pressure fluid pipeline adopts a gas pipeline. The first high-pressure fluid nozzle and / or the second high-pressure fluid nozzle include an air inlet pipe and an air jet assembly. The air jet assembly includes an air jet head with a conical structure, air jet holes distributed on the air jet head, a reinforcing plate on the air jet head, and a sleeve sleeved on the outside of the air jet assembly.

[0012] The first and second high-pressure fluid nozzles are inclined at an angle of 10° to 30° to the cutter head body.

[0013] A tunnel boring and blasting machine includes the anti-jamming cutterhead structure described in any one of the above claims. The cutterhead includes an outer annular cutterhead and an inner annular cutterhead, which are coaxially arranged. A first high-pressure fluid jet is arranged in a ring on the outer annular cutterhead, and a second high-pressure fluid nozzle is arranged in a ring on the inner annular cutterhead.

[0014] A bottom muck discharge system and / or a center muck discharge system are provided behind the cutterhead. The bottom muck discharge system is located behind the outer annular cutterhead and is used to discharge the rock muck excavated by the outer annular cutterhead. The center muck discharge system is located in the central cavity of the inner annular cutterhead and is used to discharge the rock muck excavated by the inner annular cutterhead.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] This novel anti-jamming cutterhead structure and tunnel boring machine utilizes high-pressure fluid arranged on the front and sides of the cutterhead structure. This high-pressure fluid forms a fluid layer between the cutterhead and the rock strata or debris, reducing the frictional resistance at the contact surface. This not only effectively increases the cutterhead torque and cutting efficiency but also prevents mud cake or slag buildup on the cutterhead, avoiding the risk of jamming in complex geological conditions. It improves the tunneling efficiency of the tunnel boring machine or tunnel boring machine during excavation, reduces energy consumption, achieves green and efficient tunneling operations, and enhances the economic benefits for enterprises. Attached image description:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the anti-jamming cutter head of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a side view of the anti-jamming cutter head of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-pressure fluid nozzle of this utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-pressure fluid nozzle of this utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the tunnel boring and blasting machine of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a side view of the tunnel boring and blasting machine of this utility model.

[0023] In the diagram: 1 is the cutter head body; 2 is the main cutter; 3 is the first high-pressure fluid nozzle; 4 is the second high-pressure fluid nozzle; 5 is the rotary joint; 6 is the high-pressure fluid pipeline; 7 is the inlet pipe; 8 is the high-pressure spray assembly; 9 is the inner assembly; 10 is the outer assembly; 11 is the main chamber; 12 is the first injection hole; 13 is the secondary chamber; 14 is the through hole; 15 is the second injection hole; 16 is the air inlet pipe; 17 is the air jet assembly; 18 is the air jet head; 19 is the air jet hole; 20 is the reinforcing plate; 21 is the sleeve; 22 is the annular outer cutter head; 23 is the annular inner cutter head; 24 is the bottom slag discharge system; 25 is the center slag discharge system. Detailed implementation method:

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the utility model product is usually placed in during use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0026] like Figures 1-6As shown, an anti-jamming cutterhead structure is provided, including a cutterhead body 1, a main cutter 2 disposed on the cutterhead body, and a first high-pressure fluid nozzle 3 disposed on the cutterhead body. The spray direction of the first high-pressure fluid nozzle is arranged opposite to the rotation direction of the cutterhead. This utility model provides a novel anti-jamming cutterhead design. By arranging the nozzle structure with the spray direction of the high-pressure fluid nozzle opposite to the rotation direction of the cutterhead, it not only utilizes the structural characteristics of the high-pressure fluid flow layer, but also forms a stable flow layer between the cutterhead and the tunneling face under the action of high-pressure fluid. In this state, the particles between the cutterhead and the tunneling face are dispersed and suspended by the fluid, and the entire particle layer exhibits fluidity. The friction between particles is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the frictional resistance between the cutterhead and the rock strata or rock debris contact surface, and avoiding the risk of the tunnel boring machine or tunnel boring and blasting machine jamming in complex geological conditions. Meanwhile, since the high-pressure fluid nozzle is set to spray in the opposite direction to the cutterhead rotation, the reaction force of the high-pressure fluid is used to increase the torque of the cutterhead. This not only improves the cutting efficiency of the cutterhead but also reduces the energy consumption during the tunneling process, further realizing the green and efficient tunneling operation of the tunnel boring machine.

[0027] Preferably, to further reduce the risk of mud cake formation during tunnel boring machine (TBM) or tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation, a second high-pressure fluid nozzle 4 is also provided on the cutterhead body, with the second high-pressure fluid nozzle positioned along the tunnel face. By providing the second high-pressure fluid nozzle, friction between the cutterhead and the soil at the tunnel face is reduced, preventing mud cake formation and maintaining the cleanliness of the cutterhead and cutting efficiency.

[0028] Preferably, the first and second high-pressure fluid nozzles are arranged in a ring on the cutterhead body. The high-pressure nozzles are typically distributed in a ring on the cutterhead surface. As the cutterhead rotates, the ring-shaped nozzles can evenly cover the entire cutting face, ensuring that all areas are flushed with high-pressure water. Simultaneously, high-pressure fluid nozzle structures are also installed in the central area of ​​the cutterhead, near the cutters, and at the cutterhead openings. The main purpose of arranging high-pressure nozzles at the center of the cutterhead is to address the "soil pillar" problem. During shield tunneling, excavation at the center of the cutterhead is relatively difficult, easily forming residual soil. High-pressure nozzles can apply high-pressure water flow to these areas to break up and clear the soil. Arranging high-pressure nozzles near the cutters allows the water flow to act directly on the cutter's working area, reducing soil adhesion to the cutters and lowering their friction, especially in highly cohesive soil layers. High-pressure nozzles are installed at the cutterhead openings, as the openings on the cutterhead are the main areas through which soil passes. The high-pressure nozzles at these locations can spray water to fluidize the cut soil, preventing blockages at the openings and maintaining smooth tunneling.

[0029] Preferably, in order to facilitate the installation and use of the high-pressure fluid nozzle on the tunneling equipment, a rotary joint 5 is provided on the back of the cutterhead to connect with the first high-pressure fluid nozzle and the second high-pressure fluid nozzle, and the other end of the rotary joint is connected to a high-pressure fluid pipeline 6.

[0030] Preferably, the high-pressure fluid pipeline is a liquid pipeline. The first high-pressure fluid nozzle and / or the second high-pressure fluid nozzle include an inlet pipe 7 and a high-pressure spray assembly 8. The high-pressure spray assembly includes an inner assembly 9 and an outer assembly 10. A main chamber 11 is provided inside the inner assembly, and multiple first spray holes 12 are connected to the main chamber. An outer assembly is sleeved on the outside of the inner assembly, and a secondary chamber 13 is provided on the outer assembly. The main chamber and the secondary chamber are connected through a through hole 14, and multiple second spray holes 15 are connected to the secondary chamber. The second spray holes are distributed in an involute structure. To further improve the applicability of high-pressure spraying using liquid and increase the spray range of the high-pressure liquid nozzle, a double-layer high-pressure liquid nozzle structure is adopted. While high-pressure liquid is sprayed into the main chamber, the high-pressure liquid flows into the secondary chamber through the through hole and is sprayed into a wider spray range through the involute structure of the second spray holes, further improving the spray performance of the high-pressure liquid nozzle.

[0031] Preferably, the high-pressure fluid pipeline is a gas pipeline, and the first high-pressure fluid nozzle and / or the second high-pressure fluid nozzle includes an air inlet pipe 16 and a jet assembly 17. The jet assembly includes a jet head 18 with a conical structure, jet holes 19 distributed on the jet head, a reinforcing plate 20 on the jet head, and a sleeve 21 sleeved on the outside of the jet assembly.

[0032] Preferably, the first and second high-pressure fluid nozzles are inclined at an angle of 10° to 30° to the cutter head body. The spray angle of the high-pressure nozzles directly affects the spray performance of the high-pressure jet. Using an inclination angle of 10° to 30° allows the jet to better cover the cutter and cutter head surfaces, reducing friction. This angle can be adjusted according to geological conditions; in clay or soft soil layers, a larger spray angle may be used to improve soil dispersion.

[0033] Preferably, a tunnel boring and blasting machine includes the anti-jamming cutterhead structure described in any of the above claims. The cutterhead includes an outer annular cutterhead 22 and an inner annular cutterhead 23, which are coaxially arranged. A first high-pressure fluid jet is arranged in a ring on the outer annular cutterhead, and a second high-pressure fluid nozzle is arranged in a ring on the inner annular cutterhead.

[0034] Preferably, a bottom slag discharge system 24 and / or a center slag discharge system 25 are provided behind the cutterhead. The bottom slag discharge system is located behind the outer annular cutterhead and is used to discharge the rock slag excavated by the outer annular cutterhead. The center slag discharge system is located in the central cavity of the inner annular cutterhead and is used to discharge the rock slag excavated by the inner annular cutterhead.

[0035] In summary, the anti-jamming cutterhead structure and tunnel boring machine provided by this utility model, by arranging high-pressure fluid on the front and sides of the cutterhead structure, utilizes the high-pressure fluid to form a fluid layer between the cutterhead and the rock strata or rock debris, thereby reducing the frictional resistance at the contact surface between the cutterhead and the rock strata or rock debris. This not only effectively increases the cutterhead torque and improves the cutterhead cutting efficiency, but also prevents the cutterhead from forming mud cakes or slag, avoiding the risk of the tunnel boring machine or tunnel boring machine jamming in complex geological conditions. It improves the tunneling efficiency of the tunnel boring machine or tunnel boring machine during the tunneling process, reduces the tunneling energy consumption during the tunneling process, realizes green and efficient tunneling construction operations, and improves the economic benefits of enterprises.

[0036] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and do not limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some of the technical features, shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A jamming-resistant cutter head structure, comprising a cutter head body, wherein a main cutter is disposed on the cutter head body, characterized in that: A first high-pressure fluid nozzle is provided on the cutterhead body. The first high-pressure fluid nozzle is arranged on the side of the cutterhead body and the spray direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the cutterhead. A second high-pressure fluid nozzle is also provided on the cutterhead body. The second high-pressure fluid nozzle is arranged on the front of the cutterhead body along the tunnel face.

2. The anti-jamming cutter head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that... The first high-pressure fluid nozzle and the second high-pressure fluid nozzle are arranged in a ring on the cutter head body.

3. The anti-jamming cutter head structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rotary joint is provided on the back of the cutter head, which is connected to the first high-pressure fluid nozzle and the second high-pressure fluid nozzle. The other end of the rotary joint is connected to a high-pressure fluid pipeline.

4. The anti-jamming cutter head structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-pressure fluid pipeline adopts a liquid pipeline. The first high-pressure fluid nozzle and / or the second high-pressure fluid nozzle include an inlet pipe and a high-pressure spraying assembly. The high-pressure spraying assembly includes an inner assembly and an outer assembly. A main chamber is provided in the inner assembly, and multiple first spray holes are provided in the main chamber. An outer assembly is sleeved on the outside of the inner assembly, and a secondary chamber is provided on the outer assembly. The main chamber and the secondary chamber are connected by a through hole. Multiple second spray holes are provided in the secondary chamber, and the second spray holes are distributed in an involute structure.

5. The anti-jamming cutter head structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-pressure fluid pipeline adopts a gas pipeline. The first high-pressure fluid nozzle and / or the second high-pressure fluid nozzle include an air inlet pipe and an air jet assembly. The air jet assembly includes an air jet head with a conical structure, air jet holes distributed on the air jet head, a reinforcing plate on the air jet head, and a sleeve sleeved on the outside of the air jet assembly.

6. The anti-jamming cutter head structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first and second high-pressure fluid nozzles are inclined at an angle of 10° to 30° to the cutter head body.

7. A tunnel boring and blasting machine, comprising the anti-jamming cutterhead structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The cutter head includes an outer annular cutter head and an inner annular cutter head, which are coaxially arranged. A first high-pressure fluid jet is arranged in a ring on the outer annular cutter head, and a second high-pressure fluid nozzle is arranged in a ring on the inner annular cutter head.

8. A tunnel boring and blasting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A bottom muck discharge system and / or a center muck discharge system are provided behind the cutterhead. The bottom muck discharge system is located behind the outer annular cutterhead and is used to discharge the rock muck excavated by the outer annular cutterhead. The center muck discharge system is located in the central cavity of the inner annular cutterhead and is used to discharge the rock muck excavated by the inner annular cutterhead.

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