Automatic transmission

Abstract

The utility model relates to an automatic transmission. A driving frame and a driven frame of a single-shaft linkage outer reversing device of the automatic transmission are assembled on a driving shaft through elastic connection and sliding fit of waist drum springs. The device is characterized in that an outer spline, a bearing seat right end step, a shaft gear, an outer convex left end step, a second-gear driving gear assembly part, an outer snap spring groove, a driving frame assembly part, a left end shaft step positioning assembly disc seat, a sliding sleeve and pressure spring assembly part, an outer snap spring groove and a bearing seat are sequentially arranged on the driving shaft; the driven shaft is sequentially provided with a bearing, an outer spline sliding fit reverse gear tooth embedding disc, a small tower spring, an inner protruding claw piece check ring, an outer clamping spring, a wear-resisting check ring, an inner ring integrated with a first-gear driven gear and rotationally matched with the first-gear driven gear, a wear-resisting check ring, a left protruding step positioning spline assembling outer ring seat body, a small gear, an inner protruding claw elastic piece gasket, a second-gear driven gear and a bearing. The automatic transmission is convenient to manufacture and assemble and high in transmission efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an automatic gear shifting device in an electric vehicle drive system, especially an automatic transmission assembled on the rear axle of an electric vehicle. It can also be applied to the mid-drive system of two-wheeled vehicles and belongs to the field of mechanical transmission technology. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, a very small number of automatic transmissions on the market, with low torque, are already installed in passenger electric vehicles. However, due to the small size of their conical friction clutches, frequent sliding friction occurs during vehicle operation, resulting in unstable performance and numerous malfunctions. The technology originates from a series of adaptive transmission patents from Southwest University in Chongqing, with 300 prototypes installed in electric vehicles and put on the market. However, due to numerous malfunctions, further development and production were not pursued. Electric vehicles without adaptive transmissions have many drawbacks, especially in mountainous and hilly areas where frequent uphill climbing leads to high power consumption, significantly reducing range, shorter battery life, and a higher risk of burning out the motor and controller. Manual shifting is also very inconvenient, requiring the vehicle to be parked before shifting gears, resulting in low transportation efficiency.

[0003] In existing technology, the automatic transmission disclosed in Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 201520367985.1) includes a gear transmission system, a shift mechanism execution system, and a power connection system. The shift mechanism execution system includes a control device, a reverse action device, and a shift switching device. The shift switching device consists of a driven frame mounted on the drive shaft, a driven frame sleeve and a guide rod crank assembly, and a guide rod and a moving coupling assembly. The moving coupling and rotating coupling engage or disengage to achieve gear shifting. However, the engagement or disengagement of the moving coupling and rotating coupling results in significant transmission shock, and therefore, it has not been widely adopted.

[0004] The automatic transmission disclosed in Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 202410622300.7) has a single-shaft linkage external reversing device. The drive frame and the small bracket, slidably assembled on the drive shaft, are elastically connected by waist drum springs. A single set of shuttle-shaped spring seats on the drive frame and a single set of spring seats on the small bracket are symmetrically arranged alternately and connected by four waist drum springs. The reciprocating stroke of the drive frame is controlled by a guide rod. The stroke positioning of the small bracket is: to the left, the large bracket, friction plates, steel friction plates, compressed waist drum springs, and the drive frame; to the right, the rubber ring mounted on the left end of the outer circle of the disc seat. The above technology suffers from inconvenient assembly.

[0005] The existing technologies mentioned above cannot solve the practical problems of driving comfort during gear shifting and extending the service life of the clutch in electric vehicles. This automatic transmission is designed to solve these problems, especially by automatically matching the optimal torque and speed range of the electric motor. Many technical problems in processing parts were identified during prototype testing. This automatic transmission is a technical supplement to address the process requirements for large-scale manufacturing of these parts. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of severe clutch impact and low transmission efficiency during gear shifting in current automatic transmission technology applied to rear-axle drives. Instead, it employs a friction clutch to resolve the impact issue during gear shifting. In particular, it uses electric motor torque matching to achieve gear shifting, thus optimizing the efficiency characteristics of the electric motor. This invention provides an automatic transmission for electric vehicles that improves the mechanical efficiency of vehicle transmission, resulting in smooth gear shifting and a comfortable driving experience.

[0007] The above-mentioned objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] An automatic transmission includes an oil-encapsulated housing, a gear transmission system, and a transmission switching system. The transmission switching system includes a control device, a single-shaft linkage external reversing device, a friction clutch, and a roller ramp overrunning clutch. The single-shaft linkage external reversing device includes a drive shaft, a waist drum spring, a drive frame, and a driven frame. The drive frame and driven frame are elastically connected and slidably fitted onto the drive shaft via the waist drum spring. From left to right, the drive shaft consists of an external spline, a right-end step of the bearing housing, a first-gear drive gear, a protruding left-end step, a rotating engagement part for the second-gear drive gear, a first external snap ring groove, a sliding engagement part of the drive frame, a left-end step of the disc seat assembly, a sliding sleeve and compression spring assembly part, a second external snap ring groove, and a bearing housing. The drive shaft has a circular arrangement of... The drive frame has a long groove. The sliding sleeve of the drive frame has internally protruding sliding teeth that fit into the long groove. The sliding sleeve of the drive frame also has two through holes for mounting the cranks at the left ends of the two guide rods. The guide rods are symmetrically mounted in the long groove with sliding fit. The cranks at the right ends of the guide rods are mounted in the two through holes of the sliding sleeve. The cranks of the guide rods protrude to both ends and slide in fit with the bottom of the long groove. The sleeve of the disc seat has a notch that fits with the guide rod with clearance. The drive frame is fitted with clearance in the inner circular cavity on the right side of the driven frame. The sliding sleeve at the center of the base at the left end of the driven frame has internally protruding sliding teeth that fit into the drive shaft. The groove adapts to a sliding fit. The axial sliding stroke of the driven frame to the left is achieved through the engagement of the friction clutch, which realizes the elastic pushing and positioning of the waist drum spring. The driven frame is a small bracket of a multi-plate friction clutch. To the right, it is positioned by the contact between the annular surface of the outer convex retaining ring on the right end of the small bracket and the rubber ring fitted in the annular groove on the left end of the disc seat. The axial sliding stroke of the driving frame is controlled by two guide rods. The center point of the axial sliding stroke of the driven frame and the center point of the axial sliding stroke of the driving frame are perpendicular to the plane formed by the center lines of each set of waist drum springs and the axis of the driving shaft. The driving frame is a shuttle-shaped structure with two arrow-like barbs at both ends, which serve as spring seats. The driven frame has two forked spring seats arranged circumferentially between the two ends of the shuttle shape. Each barb-shaped spring seat can be linearly connected to each forked spring seat, meaning that a waist drum spring can be assembled. Each group of four waist drum springs resembles a parallelogram. The stroke of the driven frame is smaller than that of the driving frame. The axial distribution of the single-axis linkage external reversing device can be achieved by assembling two or three groups of waist drum springs in parallelogram shapes at the same interval.

[0009] The drive shaft can be formed by the mating and connection of an external spline at the rear end of a gear shaft with two centerlines aligned on a straight line and an internal spline at the front end of a long grooved shaft. A bearing housing is installed on the cylindrical sleeve at the right end of the second-gear drive gear, and a bearing is fitted between the housing and the bearing for rotational engagement. The left end of the sleeve on the left end of the large bracket contacts and positions itself either with the inner ring of the bearing or with the step of the cylindrical sleeve. The rear end of the gear shaft passes through the cylindrical sleeve at the right end of the second-gear drive gear and extends beyond the external spline portion. A step on the left side of the external spline contacts and positions itself with the left end face of the internal spline sleeve at the front end of the long grooved shaft. This design primarily addresses the problem of drive shaft deformation during carburizing and heat treatment, as well as the issue of drive shaft deformation under high-power transmission conditions in automatic transmissions.

[0010] The friction clutch includes a conical friction clutch and a multi-plate friction clutch. The multi-plate friction clutch is composed of a large cylindrical support and a small cylindrical support stacked together. It comprises a small support, steel friction plates, a large support, and friction plates. The small support consists of a sliding sleeve, a base, an outer convex retaining ring, a cylindrical seat, an outer groove, and an inner groove. The right end of the cylindrical seat has an outer convex retaining ring. The outer circumference of the cylindrical seat has outer grooves that slide to assemble the steel friction plates. The inner circumference of the cylindrical seat has at least two symmetrical inner grooves for assembling double-spring seats. The inner grooves have U-shaped or S-shaped through holes corresponding to the double-spring seats, facilitating welding and fixing from the outer circumference of the cylindrical seat. The left end of the cylindrical seat has a base with multiple air holes arranged circumferentially. The center of the base is a sliding sleeve protruding to the left, with inner convex sliding teeth that slide to assemble on the drive shaft. The inner circumference of the large support has spline grooves for assembling the friction plates. The sleeve at the left end of the large support is fitted and fixed to the cylindrical sleeve at the right end of the second-gear drive gear. The steel friction plates are stacked and assembled alternately.

[0011] The conical friction clutch is composed of an inner conical body and an outer conical body, both resembling a cylindrical basin. The outer conical body consists of a sliding sleeve, a base, a conical cylinder, and an outer groove. The inner circumference of the conical cylinder has at least two symmetrical inner grooves for mounting double-set spring seats. The inner grooves have U-shaped or S-shaped through holes corresponding to the double-set spring seats, facilitating welding and fixing from the outer circumference of the conical cylinder. The left end of the outer conical body is the base, which has multiple air holes arranged circumferentially. The center of the base is a sliding sleeve protruding to the left, which has internally protruding sliding teeth for sliding engagement with the drive shaft. The outer circumference of the outer conical body has outer grooves that fit into the elongated through holes arranged circumferentially on the inner conical body, mounting a top post. The end face of the top post is T-shaped. The outer circle of the surface is fitted with a hoop spring that mates with the upper arc surface of the top column. Under the action of the hoop spring, the cylindrical surface at the lower end of the top column protrudes into the inner conical surface. Under the rotation of the outer conical surface, the top column can elastically expand within the range of torque limited by the rigidity control of the hoop spring. The large diameter of the inner conical surface faces to the right, and the left end of the outer circle is provided with an outer convex ring. The right end face of the outer convex ring contacts and positions the left end of the hoop spring. The hoop spring is a suitable tension spring fitted on the outer conical surface of the outer conical surface. The inner circle of the hoop spring contacts and is subjected to force in contact with the top column. The cylindrical part at the right end of the second gear is provided with an external spline that is fitted and fixed to the sleeve at the left end of the inner conical surface. The right end face of the sleeve contacts and slides with the wear-resistant retaining ring. The right end of the wear-resistant retaining ring contacts and positions the first outer retaining ring fitted on the drive shaft. The outer conical body is elastically connected to the drive frame via a double-set spring seat and a waist drum spring. The sliding sleeve of the drive frame also has two through holes for mounting the cranks at the left ends of the two guide rods. The cranks at the right ends of the guide rods are assembled and connected to the steel ball groove frame of the steel ball inclined plane control device. The two guide rods pass through two notches in the middle of the sleeve of the disc seat. The left end face of the sleeve of the disc seat contacts and positions itself with the right end face of the left convex step of the drive shaft. The right end of the disc seat has grooves arranged circumferentially, which are tightly assembled and fixed with the convex claw at the left end of the inclined claw of the inclined claw frame. The outer conical body is the driven frame of the single-axis linkage external reversing device. The axial sliding stroke of the driven frame to the left is achieved by the engagement of the conical friction clutch to realize the elastic pushing and positioning of the waist drum spring. To the right, it is positioned by the contact of the rubber ring mounted in the annular groove at the left end of the disc seat on the right end face of the outer conical body. The sliding stroke of the drive frame is controlled by the two guide rods.

[0012] The roller ramp overrunning clutch is a known technology. The Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 202311779005.4) is entitled "Roller Ramp Clutch". Its structure is that the inner ring of the first driven gear is rotatably fitted between the retaining ring and the outer ring seat at the left end of the shaft gear. The outer ring seat is fixed to the spline on the left side of the driven shaft. The outer ring seat has multiple ramps and rollers are fitted through a thrust retainer. The rollers fit with the inner ring. The thrust retainer is fitted to the right end of the outer ring through a spring. The convex claw ring is fitted to the outer ring seat through a wave spring and an outer retaining spring. The outer ring seat has an opening groove for fitting the convex claw ring. Another Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 202322156905.5) entitled "Roller Inclined Overrunning Clutch" includes: an outer ring seat, rollers, a thrust retainer, an inner ring, a spring, a driven shaft, a wear-resistant sleeve, and a first-gear driven gear. The first-gear driven gear is assembled and fixed to the inner ring. It also has the effect of reducing the friction between the rollers and the inner ring by utilizing centrifugal force. Its power loss is low and energy-saving during overrunning operation, and it has a long service life.

[0013] The gear transmission system, from left to right, consists of an external spline, oil seal, bearing, first-gear drive gear, second-gear drive gear (positioned and rotated via a shaft step and external snap ring), retaining ring, external snap ring, multi-plate friction clutch, single-shaft linkage external reversing device, guide rod, fly hammer crank control device, sliding sleeve, compression spring, retaining ring, external snap ring, and bearing. The drive shaft has four long grooves for assembling the single-shaft linkage external reversing device, guide rod, and fly hammer crank control device. The right end of the second-gear drive gear has an external spline that is fixed to the sleeve at the left end of the large bracket. The first-gear drive gear is a shaft gear machined from the drive shaft. The first and second-gear drive gears mesh with the first and second-gear driven gears mounted on the driven shaft, respectively. The transmission connection between the first-gear driven gear and the driven shaft is equipped with a roller ramp overrunning clutch and a reverse clutch. The pinion mounted on the driven shaft meshes with the differential's large gear to output power. From left to right on the driven shaft, the following components are arranged: bearing housing with bearing, reverse gear toothed disc with external spline sliding fit, small tower spring, inner convex claw retaining ring, outer retaining ring with outer retaining ring groove, first wear-resistant retaining ring, inner ring of first driven gear with rotary sliding fit, second wear-resistant retaining ring, outer ring seat fixed by external spline positioning of left convex shaft step, small gear fixed by external spline, inner convex claw elastic washer, second driven gear fixed by external spline, and bearing housing with bearing. The second wear-resistant retaining ring slides in contact with the right end face of the inner ring and roller, and can be made of wear-resistant plastic. One claw of the inner convex claw retaining ring protrudes one millimeter to the right and is fitted into the opening of the outer retaining ring. The inner surface of the inner ring of the rotary sliding fit assembly is machined with a spiral groove for easy oil lubrication, or a spiral groove is provided at the left convex shaft step to the outer retaining ring groove to guide oil lubrication.

[0014] The control device can be a fly hammer crank control device. The right end of the disc seat has lugs arranged circumferentially and is assembled with the crank via a pin. The right end of the crank fixes an arc-shaped fly hammer. The fly hammer crank, in conjunction with a compression spring, pushes a sliding sleeve. The through hole of the sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank at the right end of the guide rod. The guide rod passes through the disc seat and is assembled with the through hole of the drive frame sleeve via the crank at its left end. The left end face of the protruding petal-shaped steel plate of the sliding sleeve contacts the arc-shaped claw on the left side of the crank. The right end face of the sliding sleeve or the right end face of the petal-shaped steel plate contacts the left end of the compression spring. The compression spring is sleeved on the right side of the drive shaft, and the right end of the compression spring contacts the retaining ring. The right end face of the retaining ring contacts the outer retaining spring. The lugs can be arranged circumferentially into three groups, each assembled with a corresponding three cranks. The right end face of the disc base is provided with a groove or elongated through hole that protrudes to the left from the left end of the curved claw of the crank. The left end of the large annular ring of the disc base is provided with a concave annular groove with the groove opening facing to the left. The buckle structure with a narrow groove opening and a wide bottom is used to assemble and fix the rubber ring. The left end of the rubber ring is provided with a protruding annular end face.

[0015] For ease of operation, a reverse toggle switch can be linked to a pull-cord lever or hydraulic lever for simultaneous control switching. The reverse clutch is operated via a pull-cord or hydraulic plunger; pull-cord operation of the reverse clutch is a known technology. The automatic transmission disclosed in Chinese Utility Model Patent Application (Application No.: 202110226585.9) provides a detailed description of manual reverse gear operation. The transmission switching system includes an operating device, a reversing device, and a one-way conical clutch to achieve gear shifting. The reversing device consists of multiple sets of waist drum springs arranged in an assembly. The transmission switching system includes a ramp-slider reverse gear mechanism.

[0016] The steel plate shift fork is made of 1mm thick 65Mn sheet metal, laser-cut into profiles. The steel plate in the middle of the fork's back end is bent upwards at an 80-degree angle to form a pressure plate. The narrow steel plates on both sides are rolled downwards to form rings, which are fixed to the shaft to form a crank. The shaft ends on the crank pass through the spiral rings on both sides of the torsion spring and then through the round holes on both sides of the bow-shaped support. The two ends of the shaft can slide and contact the opposing surfaces of the two boss seats on the housing. Each end of the bow-shaped support has a bolt through hole, corresponding to the blind screw holes on the right-side plane of the two boss seats, and is fixed by two bolts. The upper frame edge of the torsion spring contacts the lower surface of the pressure plate and receives force. The lower frame edge of the torsion spring is formed by bending the two ends of a steel wire into a crank, which contacts the upper part of the outer circular surface of the protruding bearing seat on the housing and receives force. The crank, mounted on the housing, can reciprocate. The upper end of the crank is the pressure plate, and the lower end is the steel plate. The fork of the shift fork has its upper surface of the push plate in contact with the spherical surface of the lower end of the push post. The push post passes through the sliding hole in the upper part of the housing and engages with the inclined surface of the inclined slider. The right side of the inclined surface of the inclined slider is the reverse engagement plane, and the left side is the reverse disengagement plane. The upper end of the inclined slider slides in contact with the upper end of the inner surface of the cover seat. The left end of the inclined slider passes through the opening on the left side of the cover seat and connects to the reverse pull rope through the round hole. The inclined surface and the mating surface of the inclined slider can be formed by stamping and folding steel plate. The lower left side of the cover seat extends to the left and then folds a stop surface through the round hole to assemble the sleeve of the reverse pull rope. The reverse pull rope is assembled in the same way as the brake pull rope. The handle of the reverse pull rope is equipped with an associated switch. The associated switch is connected in series with the vehicle forward control switch. When the handle of the reverse pull rope is operated in the reverse state, the associated switch disconnects the vehicle forward control switch circuit, and the motor can only run in reverse. The cover is fixed to the machine housing with bolts, and a dust cover is installed on the left side of the cover and the sleeve of the reverse gear pull rope.

[0017] For easier driving, an electromagnet reverse gear can be used. Operating the reverse gear can be done in one step using a reverse switch. The top post passes through a through hole on the upper part of the housing. The outside of the through hole has a small circular groove and a large circular groove. A rubber ring is installed in the small circular groove, and a large circular pad is installed in the large circular groove. The top post passes through the rubber ring and the large circular pad. The upper end of the top post is assembled with the electromagnet. The electromagnet core has a through hole in its center to secure the top post. The electromagnet coil is assembled and fixed inside a small cover, which is bolted to the upper part of the housing. The centerlines of the electromagnet core and the top post are aligned and perpendicular to the centerline of the driven shaft. The top post can be made of high-strength plastic. The lower end of the plastic top post has a spherical end face that mates with the upper end face of the pressure plate, and the upper part, with a stepped section, has a small-diameter cylindrical section that inserts into the central hole of the iron core.

[0018] The electromagnet reverse gear is electrically connected to the electric vehicle's reverse switch. When the reverse switch is in the reverse position, the electromagnet coil is closed in the circuit. The electromagnet is mounted on the upper part of the housing. The axis of the electromagnet core is perpendicular to the axis of the driven shaft. The teeth on the left end of the first gear driven gear are engaged with the teeth on the reverse gear jaws. Engagement is achieved by the electromagnet's operation or by the torsion spring in the crank section returning to its original position. This design is suitable for driverless electric vehicles.

[0019] The aforementioned single-shaft linkage external reversing device is a known technology, and its performance has proven entirely feasible in test runs. The automatic transmission disclosed in Chinese Utility Model Patent Application (Application No.: 202410622300.7) features a single-shaft linkage external reversing device consisting of a drive frame and a small bracket elastically connected by a waist drum spring, with the drive shaft slidingly fitted together. The small bracket is the driven frame.

[0020] The left end of the drive shaft passes through the bearing hole on the left side of the housing and is connected to the power motor. The right end of the drive shaft passes through the round hole on the right side of the housing and is assembled with the bearing at the bottom of the cylindrical cover. The small gear in the middle of the driven shaft meshes with the large gear of the differential to drive the electric vehicle.

[0021] In order to reduce the size of automatic transmissions and lower material costs.

[0022] The control device can also be a steel ball inclined plane control device, which includes: a steel ball groove frame, a steel ball, and an inclined plane claw frame. The steel ball groove frame is provided with a sleeve, and the sleeve is equipped with an internal rack that is slidably fitted onto the drive shaft. The right end of the sleeve is provided with a through hole for assembly with a guide rod. Multiple steel ball grooves are circumferentially distributed on the outer circumference of the sleeve. A positioning claw is provided on the left end of the outer circumference of the steel ball groove frame, and the positioning claw protrudes to the left. The multiple positioning claws are slidably fitted with multiple positioning sliders. The multiple positioning sliders and multiple inclined plane claws are circumferentially distributed. The inner circular surface of the inclined claw frame has an opening on the arc surface of the steel ball groove, and V-shaped openings are provided between the circumferentially distributed steel ball grooves. The steel ball groove is assembled with the corresponding inclined claw, and the steel ball in the steel ball groove contacts the inclined surface of the inclined claw. The groove opening of the steel ball groove faces to the left, and the inclined surface of the inclined claw faces to the right. The left end of the inclined claw has a protruding claw, which is assembled on the through holes arranged circumferentially on the disc seat. The large coil end on the left side of the large tower spring contacts the right end face of the steel ball groove frame, and the small coil end on the right side of the large tower spring contacts the retaining ring. The right end of the retaining ring contacts the outer retaining spring.

[0023] The known technology disclosed in Chinese Utility Model Patent Application (Application No.: 201510291975.9) describes the steel ball carrier and the moving sleeve in detail in an automatic transmission. Its structure is the same as the steel ball inclined plane operating device described in this patent application, except that the connection of the operating reverse action device has been changed, so that the steel ball slot carrier reciprocates axially relative to the inclined plane claw carrier. Two large tower springs can be selected and fixed by spring seat plates to reduce the tilting effect of the large tower spring pressure.

[0024] The steel ball groove frame of the control device is connected to the active frame of the single-shaft linkage external reversing device through the guide rod. The active frame is elastically connected to the small bracket of the multi-plate friction clutch through the waist drum spring. The active frame is equipped with two sets of shuttle-shaped spring seats. The inner circle of the active frame's sleeve is equipped with an inner convex rack that is adapted to slide and fit with the groove of the active shaft. Each of the two symmetrical inner grooves of the small bracket is fitted with a double set of spring seats. The inner groove is machined with two through holes or U-shaped through holes to facilitate welding and fixing the double set of spring seats from the outside. The double set of spring seats are laser-cut from stainless steel plates. The active frame and the small bracket are elastically connected through eight waist drum springs. The left end face of the inner retaining ring on the right end of the large bracket and the right end face of the outer convex retaining ring on the small bracket form a clamping or loosening state for the steel friction plates and the friction plates.

[0025] The gear transmission system comprises, from left to right, an external spline, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-gear drive gear, a second-gear drive gear (positioned and rotated via a shaft step and an external snap ring), a retaining ring, a first external snap ring, a multi-plate friction clutch, a single-shaft linkage external reversing device, a guide rod, a steel ball inclined plane operating device, a large tower spring, a retaining ring, a second external snap ring, and a bearing. The drive shaft has four grooves for assembling the single-shaft linkage external reversing device, the guide rod, and the steel ball inclined plane operating device. The right end of the second-gear drive gear has an external spline that is fixed to the sleeve at the left end of the large bracket. The first-gear drive gear is a shaft gear machined from the drive shaft. The first and second-gear drive gears mesh with the first and second-gear driven gears mounted on the driven shaft, respectively. The transmission connection between the first-gear driven gear and the driven shaft is achieved using a roller ramp overrunning clutch and a reverse clutch. The shaft gear on the driven shaft meshes with the differential's large gear to output power. The open end of the second external snap ring has a right-protruding claw plate mounted on a long groove.

[0026] To ensure the reliable operation of the retaining ring at the right end of the drive shaft, an improvement can be made using the valve spring seat structure of an internal combustion engine. An external concave ring groove is machined into the second external retaining ring groove at the right end of the drive shaft. Two half-piece external conical inner convex ring plugs with the same structure as the valve lock clamp are assembled. The inner convex ring is installed in the external concave ring groove, with the small diameter end of the assembled external conical ring plug facing left. An internal conical retaining ring with the same structure as the upper valve spring seat is assembled on the inner convex ring plug, with the large circular opening of the internal conical retaining ring facing right. The internal conical surface and the external conical shape fit tightly together. The outer circle of the large circular opening of the internal conical retaining ring is an externally convex retaining ring. The left end face of the externally convex retaining ring contacts the small diameter end of the large tower spring or the large compression spring and is subjected to force.

[0027] From left to right on the driven shaft, the following components are arranged: bearing housing with bearing, external spline sliding fit with reverse gear toothed disc, small tower spring, inner convex claw retaining ring, external snap ring with spline external snap ring groove, first wear-resistant retaining ring, inner ring of the first driven gear integrally assembled with rotary sliding fit, second wear-resistant retaining ring, outer ring housing fixed with external convex shaft stepped spline, shaft gear, second driven gear fixed with external spline, and bearing housing with bearing. The second wear-resistant retaining ring slides in contact with the right end face of the inner ring and rollers, and can be made of wear-resistant plastic. One claw of the inner convex claw retaining ring protrudes one millimeter to the right and is fitted into the opening of the external snap ring. The inner surface of the inner ring of the rotary sliding fit assembly is machined with a spiral groove for easy oil lubrication, or a spiral groove is provided from the left end of the external convex shaft stepped spline to the spline external snap ring groove to guide oil lubrication.

[0028] This patent application addresses a new problem discovered during testing and parts manufacturing, focusing on the active frame spring seat of the sliding shaft-type linkage external reversing device in an automatic transmission, as disclosed in Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 202210518211.9). The manufacturing and assembly of the components of this sliding shaft-type linkage external reversing device is inconvenient for large-scale and modular production. This patent application reduces the number of components while achieving the same effect, enabling large-scale production and manufacturing, reducing costs, and improving manufacturing efficiency.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this automatic transmission are:

[0030] 1. The drive shaft of this automatic transmission adopts a multi-step positioning assembly, with a thicker central shaft diameter that is not easily deformed, facilitating heat treatment and component assembly, and improving production efficiency.

[0031] 2. The reverse gear uses a manually operated switch control and reverse clutch, which has fewer parts, is safe and reliable, and has very low friction loss during operation. It is suitable for the current situation of low speed reversing electric vehicles, and its overall energy saving efficiency is high.

[0032] 3. The reverse action device is used in conjunction with the friction clutch and the roller ramp overrunning clutch to achieve gear shifting, which buffers the transmission shock during gear shifting. The buffering speed difference range is large, which ensures the service life of the electric vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of this utility model, showing the fly hammer crank linkage external reverse drive.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the components assembled with the reverse gear shift fork.

[0035] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the driven shaft.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the active frame and double-spring seat of the reverse action device.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive shaft.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a small support.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the end-direction structure principle of the reverse action device.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of using a sloping slider to operate the reverse gear.

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of this utility model, showing a steel ball inclined plane linkage external reverse drive.

[0042] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the inclined plane claw frame and the steel ball groove frame.

[0043] Figure 11 yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the driven shaft.

[0044] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a conical friction clutch.

[0045] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the end orientation of the top column fitting.

[0046] In the diagram: 1. Steel plate shift fork; 2. Reverse gear toothed clutch; 3. Small tower spring; 4. External circlip; 5. Outer ring seat; 6. Roller ramp overrunning clutch; 7. Pinion; 8. Driven shaft; 9. Large bracket; 10. Small bracket; 11. Double spring seat; 12. Multi-plate friction clutch; 13. Rubber ring; 14. Single-shaft linkage external reversing device; 15. Crank; 16. Flying hammer crank control device; 17. Second external circlip; 18. Large compression spring; 19. Sliding sleeve; 20. Guide rod. 21. Disc base; 22. Drive frame; 23. Waist drum spring; 24. First external retaining spring; 25. Second gear drive gear; 26. Second gear driven gear; 27. Thrust retainer; 28. First gear driven gear; 29. ​​Drive shaft; 30. Housing; 31. Cylindrical cover; 32. Screw blind hole; 33. Bearing housing; 34. Boss block; 35. Top column; 36. Support; 37. Round hole; 38. Shaft hole; 39. Torsion spring; 40. Crank crank; 41. Shaft; 42. Ring. 43. Pressing plate; 44. Externally projecting spline; 45. External spline; 46. Left convex shaft step; 47. External snap ring groove; 48. Long groove; 49. Right convex shaft step; 50. Second external snap ring groove; 51. First external snap ring groove; 52. Externally projecting left end step; 53. First gear drive gear; 54. Right convex shaft step; 55. External groove; 56. Internal groove; 57. U-shaped through hole; 58. Externally projecting retaining ring; 59. Internally projecting sliding tooth; 60. Cover seat; 61. Inclined slider; 62. 63. Dust cover, waist drum compression spring, 64. Sleeve, 65. Stop, 66. Large circular ring washer, 67. Rubber ring, 68. Disc seat, 69. Large tower spring, 70. Steel ball inclined plane operating device, 71. Steel ball groove frame, 72. Inclined plane claw frame, 73. Driven shaft, 74. Bearing, 75. Shaft gear, 76. Right-hand convex external spline, 77. Spline external retaining spring groove, 78. External convex shaft stepped spline, 79. Inner conical surface, 80. Top column, 81. Outer conical surface, 82. Hoop spring. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The specific content of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, Figure 1This utility model relates to an embodiment of an automatic transmission, specifically a fly hammer crank linkage external reverse drive, comprising a housing encapsulating oil, a gear transmission system, and a transmission switching system. The transmission switching system includes a fly hammer crank operating device 16, a single-shaft linkage external reverse device 14, a multi-plate friction clutch 12, and a roller ramp overrunning clutch 6. The single-shaft linkage external reverse device includes a drive shaft 29, a waist drum spring 23, a drive frame 22, and a driven frame 10. The drive frame and driven frame are elastically connected and slidably fitted onto the drive shaft via the waist drum spring. From left to right, the drive shaft 29 consists of an external spline, a right-end step 54 of the bearing housing, a first-gear drive gear 53, a protruding left-end step 52, a sliding fit assembly part for the second-gear drive gear, a first external snap ring groove 51, a sliding fit assembly part for the drive frame, a left-end step 49 of the disc seat assembly, a sliding sleeve and compression spring assembly part, and a second... The outer retaining spring groove 50 and bearing housing have four long grooves 48 arranged in a circular pattern on the outer circumference of the right side of the drive shaft. The sliding sleeve of the drive frame 22 has internal convex sliding teeth that are adapted to slide in the long grooves. The sliding sleeve of the drive frame also has two through holes for mounting the cranks at the left end of the two guide rods 20. The guide rods are symmetrically mounted in the long grooves with sliding fit. The cranks at the right end of the guide rods are mounted in the two through holes of the sliding sleeve 19. The sleeve of the disc seat has a notch that is clearance-fitted to the guide rods. The drive frame is clearance-fitted in the inner circular cavity on the right side of the driven frame 10. The center of the base at the left end of the driven frame The sliding sleeve is equipped with an inner convex sliding tooth that is adapted to slide and engage with the long groove of the drive shaft. The axial sliding stroke of the driven frame to the left is achieved by the engagement of the multi-plate friction clutch 12 to realize the elastic pushing and positioning of the waist drum spring. To the right, it is positioned by the contact between the annular surface of the outer convex retaining ring 58 at the right end of the small bracket and the rubber ring 13 fitted in the annular groove at the left end of the disc seat 21. The axial sliding stroke of the drive frame is controlled by two guide rods. The center point of the axial sliding stroke of the driven frame and the center point of the axial sliding stroke of the drive frame are the plane formed by the center lines of each set of waist drum springs and the drive shaft axis. The center line is perpendicular, and the two arrow-shaped barbs at both ends of the driving frame are the spring seats. The driven frame has two forked spring seats arranged circumferentially between the two ends of the spindle shape. Each barbed spring seat can be linearly connected to each forked spring seat, meaning it can accommodate one waist drum spring. Each group of four waist drum springs (23) resembles a parallelogram. The stroke of the driven frame is smaller than that of the driving frame. The single-axis linkage external reversing device has two groups of waist drum springs arranged axially in a parallelogram-like configuration. The small support is the driven frame.

[0049] The multi-plate friction clutch is composed of a large cylindrical support 9 and a small cylindrical support stacked together. It includes the small support, steel friction plates, the large support, and the friction plates. The small support consists of a sliding sleeve, a base, an outer convex retaining ring 58, a cylindrical seat, an outer groove 55, and an inner groove 56. The right end of the cylindrical seat has the outer convex retaining ring 58. Six outer grooves are arranged circumferentially on the outer circumference of the cylindrical seat to slide and assemble the steel friction plates. The inner circumference of the cylindrical seat has six inner grooves, two of which are symmetrically fitted with double-set spring seats. 11. The inner groove is provided with a U-shaped through hole 57 corresponding to the double spring seat, which facilitates welding and fixing from the outer circle of the cylindrical seat. The left end of the cylindrical seat is provided with a base, and the base is provided with two air holes arranged around its circumference. The center of the base is a sliding sleeve protruding to the left end. The sliding sleeve is provided with an inner convex sliding tooth 59 and is slidably fitted onto the drive shaft. The inner circle of the large bracket is provided with eight spline grooves for mounting friction plates. The sleeve at the left end of the large bracket is fitted and fixed with the cylindrical sleeve at the right end of the second gear drive gear. The steel friction plates are stacked and assembled alternately.

[0050] The gear transmission system is a dual-shaft two-speed gear transmission. From left to right, the drive shaft 29 consists of an external spline, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-speed drive gear, a second-speed drive gear 25 (positioned and rotated via a shaft step and an external snap ring), a retaining ring, a first external snap ring 24, a multi-plate friction clutch 12, a single-shaft linkage external reversing device 14, a guide rod 20, a fly hammer crank control device 16, a sliding sleeve 19, a compression spring 18, a retaining ring, a second external snap ring 17, and a bearing. The drive shaft has four long grooves 48 for assembling the single-shaft linkage external reversing device, the guide rod, and the fly hammer crank control device. The cylindrical part at the right end of the second-speed drive gear 25 has an external spline that is fixed to the sleeve at the left end of the large bracket 9. The first-speed drive gear 53 is a shaft gear machined from the drive shaft. The first-speed drive gear and the second-speed drive gear mesh with the first-speed driven gear 28 and the second-speed driven gear 26 mounted on the driven shaft, respectively. The transmission connection between the first-speed driven gear and the driven shaft 8 is equipped with a roller ramp overrunning clutch 6 and a reverse clutch. The small gear 7 mounted on the driven shaft meshes with the large gear of the differential to output power. From left to right on the driven shaft are: a bearing housing with a bearing; a reverse gear toothed disc 2 with a sliding fit via external spline 44; a small tower spring 3; an inner convex claw retaining ring; an outer retaining spring 4 with an external retaining spring groove 47; a first wear-resistant retaining ring; a first-gear driven gear 28 with a rotary sliding fit integrated inner ring; a second wear-resistant retaining ring; an outer ring seat 5 fixed via the right-side external spline 45 and positioned by the left convex shaft step 46; a small gear 7 fixed by external spline; a second-gear driven gear 26 fixed by external spline; and a bearing housing with a bearing. The second wear-resistant retaining ring slides in contact with the inner ring and the right end face of the rollers. The nine rollers are mounted on the outer ring seat via a thrust retainer 27 using two tension springs. The second wear-resistant retaining ring can be made of wear-resistant plastic. One of the claws of the inner convex claw retaining ring protrudes one millimeter to the right and is fitted into the opening of the outer retaining spring. The inner surface of the inner ring of the rotary sliding fit assembly is machined with a spiral groove to facilitate oil lubrication.

[0051] The control device employs a fly hammer crank control device 16. Three sets of lugs are arranged circumferentially on the right end of the disc base 21 and are assembled with the crank 15 via pins. An arc-shaped fly hammer is fixed to the right end of the crank. The fly hammer crank, in conjunction with the compression spring 18, pushes the sliding sleeve 19. Two through holes in the sliding sleeve are assembled with the right ends of the two guide rods 20 via the cranks. The guide rods pass through the disc base, through the left end of the crank, and are assembled with the through holes of the drive frame 22. The left end face of the protruding petal-shaped steel plate of the sliding sleeve contacts the arc-shaped claw on the left side of the crank, and the right end face of the petal-shaped steel plate contacts the left end of the compression spring. The compression spring is sleeved on the right side of the drive shaft, and its right end contacts the retaining ring. The right end face of the retaining ring contacts the second outer retaining spring 17. The right end face of the disc base has an elongated through hole protruding to the left from the left end of the arc-shaped claw of the crank.

[0052] For ease of operation, a reverse gear lever switch is linked to a pull-rope control lever for simultaneous control and switching. The reverse clutch is operated via the pull-rope. The steel plate shift fork is made of 1 mm thick 65Mn sheet metal, laser-cut into profiles. The steel plate in the middle of the fork's back end is bent upwards at an 80-degree angle to form a pressure plate. The narrow steel plates on both sides are rolled downwards to form collars 42, which are fixed to the shaft 41 to form a crank. The steel plate shift fork 1 is assembled on the housing 31 to form a crank 40 that can reciprocate. The upper end of the crank is the pressure plate 43, and the lower end of the crank is the fork of the steel plate shift fork. The shaft on the crank passes through the spiral rings on both sides of the torsion spring 39 at both ends before passing through... Through the circular holes 38 on both sides of the bow-shaped support 36, the two ends of the shaft can slide and engage with the opposing surfaces of the two boss seats 34 on the housing 30. Each of the steel plates at both ends of the bow-shaped support is provided with a bolt through hole 37, which corresponds to the screw blind hole 32 provided on the right end plane of the two boss seats in the same direction. The upper frame edge of the torsion spring contacts the lower plane of the push plate and is subjected to force. The lower frame edge of the torsion spring is formed by bending the two ends of the steel wire into a bend, which contacts the upper part of the outer circular surface of the protruding bearing seat 33 of the housing and is subjected to force. The upper plane of the push plate contacts the spherical surface at the lower end of the top column 35. A vent hole is also provided in the center of the top column. The pin passes through a through hole on the top of the housing. The outside of the through hole has a small circular groove and a large circular groove. A rubber ring 67 is fitted in the small circular groove, and a large circular pad 66 is fitted in the large circular groove. The pin 35 passes through the rubber ring and the large circular pad, and passes through the sliding hole 31 to engage with the inclined surface of the inclined slider 61. The right side of the inclined surface of the slider is the reverse engagement plane, and the left side is the reverse disengagement plane. The upper end of the inclined slider slides against the upper surface inside the cover seat 60. The left end of the inclined slider passes through the opening on the left side of the cover seat and connects to the reverse pull rope through a circular hole. The inclined surface of the inclined slider and the mating surface... It can be formed by stamping and folding steel plates. The lower left side of the cover base extends to the left and then folds upward to form a stop 65. A sleeve 64 for the reverse gear pull rope is installed through a round hole. A drum-shaped compression spring 63 is installed at the connection point between the right end of the sleeve and the left end of the inclined slider. The assembly method of the reverse gear pull rope and the brake pull rope is the same as that of the existing electric tricycle's manual control lever and flexible hose pull cable. The handle of the reverse gear pull rope is equipped with an associated switch, which is connected in series with the vehicle's forward control switch. When the handle of the reverse gear pull rope is operated in the reverse state, the associated switch disconnects the vehicle's forward control switch circuit, and the motor can only run in reverse. The cover base is fixed to the housing 30 with bolts. A dust cover 62 is installed on the left side of the cover base where it connects to the sleeve of the reverse gear pull rope.

[0053] The left end of the drive shaft 29 passes through the bearing hole on the left side of the housing 30 and is connected to the power motor. The right end of the drive shaft passes through the round hole on the right side of the housing and is assembled with the bearing at the bottom of the cylindrical cover 31. The small gear 7 assembled in the middle of the driven shaft meshes with the large gear of the differential through the spline to drive the electric vehicle.

[0054] To reduce material costs, the size of automatic transmissions can be reduced. Figure 9 The image shows an embodiment of the automatic transmission of this utility model, featuring a steel ball inclined plane linkage external reverse drive, as shown. Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the operating device is a steel ball inclined plane operating device 70, which includes: a steel ball groove frame 71, a steel ball, and an inclined plane claw frame 72. The steel ball groove frame is equipped with a sleeve, and the sleeve is equipped with an internal rack that slides and fits onto the drive shaft 29. The left end of the sleeve is equipped with an inner groove and a through hole for assembly with the guide rod 20. The outer circle of the sleeve is circumferentially distributed with six steel ball grooves. The left end of the outer circle of the steel ball groove frame is equipped with a positioning claw, which protrudes to the left. Twelve positioning claws slide and fit with twelve positioning sliders. The twelve positioning sliders and six inclined plane claws are circumferentially distributed on the inner circle of the inclined plane claw frame. The groove has an opening on its arc surface, and six V-shaped openings are provided between the circumferentially distributed steel ball grooves. The steel ball grooves are assembled with corresponding inclined claws, and the steel balls in the grooves contact the inclined surfaces of the claws. The groove openings of the steel ball grooves face left, and the inclined surfaces of the claws face right. The left end of the inclined claws has a protruding claw, which is assembled on six through holes arranged circumferentially on the right end of the disc seat. The sleeve of the disc seat 68 has an inner groove that fits with the guide rod with clearance. The left end of the large annular ring of the disc seat has a concave annular groove with the groove opening facing left. A snap-fit ​​structure with a narrow groove opening and a wide bottom is used to assemble and fix the rubber ring 13. The left end of the rubber ring has a protruding annular end face. The large ring end on the left side of the large tower spring 69 contacts the right end face of the steel ball groove frame, and the small ring end on the right side of the large tower spring contacts the retaining ring. The right end of the retaining ring contacts the outer retaining spring 17. The steel ball groove frame reciprocates axially relative to the inclined claw frame.

[0055] The steel ball groove frame of the operating device is connected to the active frame of the single-axis linkage external reversing device via a guide rod. The active frame is elastically connected to the small bracket of the multi-plate friction clutch 12 via two sets of eight waist drum springs 23. The small bracket is the driven frame 10 of the single-axis linkage external reversing device. The active frame is equipped with two sets of shuttle-shaped spring seats. The inner circle of the active frame's sleeve is provided with an inner convex rack that is adapted to slide and fit with the groove of the active shaft 29. Each of the two symmetrical inner grooves of the small bracket is fitted with a double set of spring seats. The inner groove is machined with a U-shaped through hole to facilitate welding and fixing the double set of spring seats from the outside. The right end face of the inner retaining ring at the left end of the large bracket 9 and the left end face of the outer convex retaining ring of the small bracket form a clamping or loosening state for the steel friction plate and the friction plate.

[0056] The drive shaft in the gear transmission system consists of, from left to right, an external spline, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-gear drive gear, a second-gear drive gear 25 (positioned and rotated via a shaft step and an external snap ring), a retaining ring, a first external snap ring 24, a multi-plate friction clutch 12, a single-shaft linkage external reversing device, a guide rod 20, a steel ball inclined plane operating device 70, a large tower spring 69, a retaining ring, a second external snap ring 17, and a bearing. The drive shaft has four grooves for assembling the single-shaft linkage external reversing device, the guide rod, and the steel ball inclined plane operating device. The cylindrical part at the right end of the second-gear drive gear has an external spline that is fixed to the sleeve at the left end of the large bracket. The first-gear drive gear is a shaft gear machined from the drive shaft. The first-gear drive gear and the second-gear drive gear 25 mesh with the first-gear driven gear 28 and the second-gear driven gear 26 mounted on the driven shaft 73, respectively. The transmission connection between the first-gear driven gear and the driven shaft is equipped with a roller ramp overrunning clutch and a reverse clutch. The shaft gear 75 on the driven shaft meshes with the differential large gear.

[0057] From left to right on the driven shaft 73 are: bearing housing with bearing 74; right-hand convex external spline 76 with sliding fit and reverse gear toothed disc 2; small tower spring 3; inner convex claw retaining ring; splined external retaining spring groove 77 with outer retaining spring 4; first wear-resistant retaining ring; first gear driven gear 28 with rotary sliding fit and integral inner ring; second wear-resistant retaining ring; right-hand convex shaft stepped external spline 78 with fixed outer ring housing 5; shaft gear 75; external spline fixed second gear driven gear 26; and bearing housing with bearing. The second wear-resistant retaining ring slides in contact with the right end face of the inner ring and rollers. The second wear-resistant retaining ring is made of wear-resistant plastic to reduce noise. One of the claws of the inner convex claw retaining ring protrudes one millimeter to the right and is fitted into the opening of the outer retaining spring 4. The inner surface of the inner ring with rotary sliding fit is machined with a spiral groove for easy oil lubrication. The left end of the drive shaft passes through the housing 30 and is connected to the power motor via an external spline. The shaft gear of the driven shaft meshes with the large gear of the differential to output power and drive the vehicle.

[0058] To suit the needs of low-power motor-powered recreational vehicles for the elderly, alternatives such as... Figure 12 and Figure 13The conical friction clutch shown includes an inner conical body resembling a circular basin and an outer conical body resembling a circular basin stacked together. The outer conical body consists of a sliding sleeve, a base, a conical cylinder, and an outer groove. The inner circle of the conical cylinder has two symmetrical inner grooves for mounting double-set spring seats. The inner grooves have S-shaped through holes corresponding to the double-set spring seats 11, which are welded and fixed from the outer circle of the conical cylinder. The left end of the outer conical body 81 is the base, which has two air holes arranged circumferentially. The center of the base is a sliding sleeve protruding to the left end. The sliding sleeve has internally protruding sliding teeth that are slidably fitted onto the drive shaft 29. The outer circle of the outer conical body has two outer grooves arranged circumferentially, which are fitted with a top post that is fitted with two elongated through holes arranged circumferentially on the inner conical body 79. The end of the top post... The surface is T-shaped. The outer circle of the inner conical surface is equipped with a hoop spring 82, which mates with the upper arc surface of the top column 80. Under the action of the hoop spring, the cylindrical surface at the lower end of the top column protrudes into the inner conical surface. Under the rotation of the outer conical surface, the top column can elastically expand, and the torque transmission is rigidly controlled by the hoop spring. The large diameter of the inner conical surface faces to the right, and the left end of the outer circle is provided with an outer convex ring. The right end face of the outer convex ring contacts and positions the left end of the hoop spring 82. The inner circle of the hoop spring contacts and is subjected to force in contact with the top column. The cylindrical part at the right end of the second gear 25 is provided with an external spline, which is assembled and fixed with the sleeve at the left end of the inner conical surface 79. The right end face of the sleeve contacts and slides with the wear-resistant retaining ring. The right end of the wear-resistant retaining ring contacts and positions the first outer retaining ring 24 mounted on the drive shaft. The outer conical body is elastically connected to the drive frame 22 via a double set of spring seats 11 and eight waist drum springs 23. The sliding sleeve of the drive frame has two through holes for mounting the cranks at the left ends of the two guide rods 20. The cranks at the right ends of the guide rods are assembled and connected to the steel ball groove frame 71 of the steel ball inclined plane control device. The two guide rods pass through two notches in the middle sleeve of the disc seat 68. The left end face of the disc seat contacts and positions itself with the right end face of the left convex step of the drive shaft 29. The right end of the disc seat has grooves arranged circumferentially and is tightly assembled and fixed with the convex claw at the left end of the inclined claw of the inclined claw frame 72. The outer conical body is the driven frame of the single-axis linkage external reversing device. The axial sliding stroke of the driven frame to the left is achieved by the engagement of the conical friction clutch to realize the elastic pushing and positioning of the waist drum springs. To the right, the right end face of the outer conical body 81 contacts and positions itself with the left end face of the rubber ring 13 mounted in the annular groove at the left end of the disc seat 68. The sliding stroke of the drive frame is controlled by the two guide rods 20.

[0059] Although the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. For example, a driven shaft fitted with a bevel gear drives a wheel hub in a two-wheeled electric motorcycle. Furthermore, the driving frame of a single-axis linkage external reversing device can be the driven frame of a first internal reversing device. Operating the friction clutch through a first reversing device and a second reversing device would be more reliable. Those skilled in the art, under the guidance of the present invention, can make many application combinations without departing from the spirit of the invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic transmission, comprising an oil chamber encapsulating an oil, a gear transmission system, and a transmission switching system; the transmission switching system comprising an operating device, a single-shaft linkage external reversing device, a friction clutch, and a roller ramp overrunning clutch; the single-shaft linkage external reversing device comprising a drive shaft, a waist drum spring, a drive frame, and a driven frame, wherein the drive frame and the driven frame are elastically connected and slidably fitted onto the drive shaft via the waist drum spring; Its characteristics are: The drive shaft, from left to right, consists of an external spline, a right-end step of the bearing housing, a first-gear drive gear, a protruding left-end step, a rotating engagement assembly of the second-gear drive gear, an external snap ring groove, a sliding engagement assembly of the drive frame, a left-end step of the disc seat assembly, a sliding sleeve and compression spring assembly, an external snap ring groove, and a bearing housing. The right outer circumference of the drive shaft has a long groove. The sliding sleeve of the drive frame has two through holes for mounting the cranks at the left ends of two guide rods. The guide rods are symmetrically and slidingly mounted in the long grooves. The cranks at the right ends of the guide rods are assembled with the two through holes of the sliding sleeve. The crank portions of the guide rods protrude to both ends and slide in engagement with the bottom of the long grooves. The disc seat has a notch for clearance engagement with the guide rods. The friction clutch includes a multi-plate friction clutch, comprising a small bracket, steel friction plates, a large bracket, and friction plates. The small bracket consists of a sliding sleeve, a base, an outer convex retaining ring, a cylindrical seat, an outer groove, and an inner groove. The inner circle of the cylindrical seat has at least two symmetrical inner grooves for mounting double-set spring seats. The inner grooves have U-shaped or S-shaped through holes corresponding to the double-set spring seats to facilitate welding and fixing from the outer circle of the cylindrical seat. The driven shaft of the gear transmission system, from left to right, consists of a bearing, a reverse gear toothed disc with external spline sliding fit, a small tower spring, an inner convex claw retaining ring, an outer retaining ring with an external retaining ring groove, a first wear-resistant retaining ring, an inner ring of the first driven gear with rotary sliding fit, a second wear-resistant retaining ring, an outer ring seat fixed by external spline assembly with left convex shaft step positioning, a pinion, an inner convex claw elastic washer, a second driven gear, and a bearing. The second wear-resistant retaining ring slides in contact with the right end face of the inner ring and the roller. One of the claws of the inner convex claw retaining ring protrudes one millimeter to the right and is fitted at the opening of the outer retaining ring. The inner surface of the inner ring with rotary sliding fit is machined with a spiral groove for easy oil lubrication, or a spiral groove is provided at the left convex shaft step to the outer retaining ring groove to guide oil lubrication.

2. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive shaft is formed by the mating and connection of an external spline at the rear end of a gear shaft with two axis centers on a straight line and an internal spline at the front end of a long groove shaft. A bearing housing is installed on the cylindrical sleeve at the right end of the second gear drive gear, and a bearing is installed between the housing for rotational engagement. The left end of the sleeve at the left end of the large bracket contacts and positions the inner ring of the bearing or the step of the cylindrical sleeve. The rear end of the gear shaft passes through the cylindrical sleeve at the right end of the second gear drive gear and extends out of the external spline. The left side of the external spline has a step that contacts and positions the left end face of the internal spline sleeve at the front end of the long groove shaft.

3. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right end face of the disc base is provided with a groove or elongated through hole that protrudes to the left from the left end of the curved claw of the crank. The left end of the large annular ring of the disc base is provided with a concave annular groove with the groove opening facing to the left. A buckle structure with a narrow groove opening and a wide bottom is used to assemble and fix the rubber ring. The left end of the rubber ring is provided with a protruding annular end face.

4. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission connection between the driven gear and the driven shaft is equipped with a roller ramp overrunning clutch and a reverse clutch. The steel plate of the reverse clutch's fork has its middle steel plate bent upwards at the back end to form a pressing plate, while the narrow steel plates on both sides are rolled downwards to form rings fixed to the shaft to form a crank. Both ends of the shaft on the crank pass through the spiral rings on both sides of a torsion spring and then through the round holes on both sides of the bow-shaped support. The two ends of the shaft slide in contact with the opposing surfaces of the two boss seats on the housing. The bow-shaped support... Each steel sheet has a bolt through hole that corresponds to the screw blind holes of the two boss seats and is fixed by bolt assembly. The upper frame edge of the torsion spring contacts the lower plane of the push plate. The lower frame edge of the torsion spring is formed by bending the two ends of the steel wire into a crank facing each other and contacting the upper part of the outer circle surface of the protruding bearing seat of the housing. The crank is assembled on the housing and can swing back and forth. The upper end of the crank is the push plate and the lower end is the fork of the steel sheet shift fork. The upper plane of the push plate contacts the spherical surface of the lower end of the top column. The top column passes through the sliding hole in the upper part of the housing.

5. The automatic transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top post passes through the sliding hole on the upper part of the housing and engages with the inclined surface of the inclined slider. The upper end of the inclined slider slides in cooperation with the upper end plane inside the cover seat. The left end of the inclined slider passes through the opening on the left side of the cover seat and connects to the reverse gear pull rope through the round hole. The inclined surface and the mating surface of the inclined slider are formed by stamping and folding steel plates. A stop extends to the left from the lower left side of the cover seat and assembles the sleeve of the reverse gear pull rope through the round hole. The handle of the reverse gear pull rope is equipped with an associated switch. The associated switch is connected in series with the vehicle forward control switch. When the handle of the reverse gear pull rope is operated in the reverse state, the associated switch disconnects the vehicle forward control switch circuit. The cover seat is fixed to the housing with bolts. A dust cover is installed on the left side of the cover seat at the sleeve of the reverse gear pull rope.

6. The automatic transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top post passes through a through hole on the top of the housing. The outside of the through hole is provided with a small circular groove and a large circular groove. A rubber ring is installed in the small circular groove, and a large circular pad is installed in the large circular groove. The top post passes through the rubber ring and the large circular pad. The upper end of the top post is assembled with an electromagnet. The center of the electromagnet core is provided with a through hole for assembling and fixing the top post. The coil of the electromagnet is assembled and fixed in a small cover. The small cover is fixed to the top of the outer side of the housing by bolts. The axis of the electromagnet core and the top post are on a straight line and perpendicular to the axis of the driven shaft. The top post is made of high-strength plastic. The lower end of the plastic top post has a spherical end face that matches the upper end face of the push plate. The upper part of the cylinder with a step is inserted into the center hole of the iron core. The electromagnet coil is electrically connected to the reverse switch of the electric vehicle. When the reverse switch is in the reverse state, the electromagnet coil is closed in the circuit. The electromagnet is assembled on the upper part of the housing. The teeth of the first gear driven gear on the left end are adapted to the teeth of the reverse gear teeth. The engagement is achieved by the operation of the electromagnet or by the return of the torsion spring in the crank part.

7. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear transmission system comprises, from left to right, an external spline, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-gear drive gear, a second-gear drive gear (positioned and rotated via a shaft step and an external snap ring), a retaining ring, a first external snap ring, a multi-plate friction clutch, a single-shaft linkage external reversing device, a guide rod, a steel ball inclined plane operating device, a large tower spring, a retaining ring, a second external snap ring, and a bearing. The drive shaft has four grooves for assembling the single-shaft linkage external reversing device, the guide rod, and the steel ball inclined plane operating device. The right end of the second-gear drive gear has an external spline that is fixed to the sleeve at the left end of the large bracket. The first-gear drive gear is a shaft gear machined from the drive shaft. The first and second-gear drive gears mesh with the first and second-gear driven gears mounted on the driven shaft, respectively. The transmission connection between the first-gear driven gear and the driven shaft is equipped with a roller ramp overrunning clutch and a reverse clutch. The shaft gear on the driven shaft meshes with the differential's large gear. The open end of the second external snap ring has a right-protruding claw plate mounted on a long groove.

8. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right end of the drive shaft is machined into an external concave annular groove. Two half-piece external conical inner convex ring plugs are assembled together. The inner convex ring is assembled in the external concave annular groove. The small diameter end of the external conical shape after the inner convex ring plug is assembled faces to the left. The inner conical surface retaining ring is assembled on the inner convex ring plug. The large circular opening of the inner conical surface retaining ring faces to the right. The inner conical surface and the outer conical shape are adapted and tightly fitted. The outer circle of the large circular opening of the inner conical surface retaining ring is an externally convex retaining ring. The left end face of the externally convex retaining ring contacts the small diameter end of the large tower spring or contacts the large compression spring.

9. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: From left to right, the driven shaft consists of a bearing, a reverse gear toothed disc with external spline sliding fit, a small tower spring, an inner convex claw retaining ring, an outer retaining ring with an external retaining ring groove, a first wear-resistant retaining ring, an inner ring integrally formed with a first-gear driven gear with rotary sliding fit, a second wear-resistant retaining ring, an outer ring seat fixed with an external convex shaft stepped spline, a shaft gear, a second-gear driven gear fixed with an external spline, and a bearing. The second wear-resistant retaining ring slides in contact with the right end face of the inner ring and the roller. One of the claws of the inner convex claw retaining ring protrudes one millimeter to the right and is fitted at the opening of the outer retaining ring. The inner circular surface of the inner ring is machined with a spiral groove to facilitate oil lubrication, or a spiral groove is provided from the left end of the external convex shaft stepped spline of the driven shaft to the outer retaining ring groove to guide oil lubrication.

10. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction clutch is a conical friction clutch, consisting of an inner conical body and an outer conical body, both resembling a circular basin. The outer conical body comprises a sliding sleeve, a base, a conical cylinder, and an outer groove. The inner circle of the conical cylinder has at least two symmetrical inner grooves for mounting double-set spring seats. The inner grooves have U-shaped or S-shaped through holes corresponding to the double-set spring seats, facilitating welding and fixing from the outer circle of the conical cylinder. The left end of the outer conical body is the base, with a sliding sleeve protruding to the left at the center. The sliding sleeve has internally protruding sliding teeth for sliding engagement with the drive shaft. The outer circumference of the outer conical body has outer grooves that mate with the elongated through holes arranged on the inner conical body for mounting a top post. The end face of the top post is T-shaped. The outer circle of the inner conical body is fitted with a clamp spring that mates with the upper arc-shaped surface of the top post. Under the action of the clamp spring, the lower cylindrical surface of the top post protrudes into the inner conical surface. The large-diameter circular opening of the surface faces to the right, and the left end of the outer circle is provided with an outer convex ring. The right end face of the outer convex ring contacts and is positioned with the left end of the hoop spring. The right end cylindrical part of the second gear is assembled and fixed with the sleeve at the left end of the inner conical surface. The outer conical surface is elastically connected to the drive frame through a double set of spring seats via a waist drum spring. The drive frame is equipped with two guide rods that are connected to the steel ball groove frame of the steel ball inclined plane control device. The two guide rods pass through the two notches of the sleeve in the middle of the disc seat. The left end face of the sleeve of the disc seat contacts and is positioned with the right end face of the left convex shaft step of the drive shaft. The outer conical surface is the driven frame of the single-axis linkage external reversing device. The axial sliding stroke of the driven frame to the left is positioned by the elastic pushing of the waist drum spring through the engagement of the conical friction clutch. To the right, it is positioned by the contact of the rubber ring assembled with the circular groove at the left end of the disc seat through the right end face of the outer conical surface. The sliding stroke of the drive frame is controlled by the two guide rods.

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