Hydraulic structure of PDC drill bit and drill bit
By designing the nozzle outlet jet path and the spacing between the cutting teeth in the PDC drill bit, the jet is sprayed to the bottom of the well at the shoulder of the cutter wing to form diffuse cooling, which solves the problem of thermal wear failure of the outer ring cutting teeth of the PDC drill bit, and improves the service life of the drill bit and the mechanical drilling speed.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520171799.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-24
AI Technical Summary
When PDC drill bits drill into hard, abrasive formations, the failure of the outer cutting teeth due to thermal wear becomes the main cause of failure. The existing hydraulic cooling structure is insufficient, which leads to a reduction in the service life of the drill bit.
Design a PDC drill bit hydraulic structure, in which the nozzle outlet jet path is spaced apart from the cutting teeth, the nozzle sprays to the bottom of the well at the shoulder of the cutter wing to form diffused cooling and clean the outer ring cutting teeth, the nozzle forms a specific angle and height difference with the drill bit axis, the nozzle is connected to the water chamber, and the nozzle can be detachably connected.
It effectively reduces the risk of thermal wear failure of the outer ring cutting teeth, extends the service life of the drill bit, increases the mechanical drilling speed, and prevents the formation of mud bags at the bottom of the well.
Smart Images
Figure CN223577865U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the fields of drilling technology, including oil and gas, mining engineering, geothermal wells, building foundation engineering construction, geology, and hydrology, and particularly to a PDC drill bit hydraulic structure and drill bit. Background Technology
[0002] Due to its unique shearing and rock-breaking mechanism, PDC drill bits offer advantages such as high mechanical drilling speed and long service life when drilling into homogeneous sandstone and mudstone formations ranging from soft to medium and even high hardness. The hydraulic structure design of PDC drill bits mainly includes two parts: the nozzle and the flow channel. Depending on the specific lithology, further optimization can be achieved in aspects such as the number and layout of the cutter blades, the strength and tooth distribution of the composite blades, the inclination angle, the profile layout, the crown type, and the nozzle and flow channel design.
[0003] During actual drilling, the cutting teeth on the outer ring of the PDC drill bit are farther from the center axis of the drill bit, resulting in a higher linear velocity during rotation. Consequently, the heat generated by the friction between the cutting teeth and the rock is greater. In conventional PDC drill bits, the water holes are far from the outer ring composite plate, and the hydraulic cleaning and cooling at that point is insufficient. The larger the drill bit diameter, the more serious this problem becomes. This leads to thermal wear failure of the outer ring cutting teeth becoming the main cause of diamond drill bit failure when facing hard and abrasive formations. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In response to the shortcomings or deficiencies mentioned in the background technology, this application provides a PDC drill bit hydraulic structure and drill bit, which can clean and cool the cutting teeth near the outer radius of the drill bit in a timely manner, reduce the risk of thermal wear failure of the cutting teeth, and improve the service life of the drill bit.
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a PDC drill bit hydraulic structure, including:
[0006] The drill bit body has multiple blades arranged circumferentially on the outer surface of its crown. Each blade has cutting teeth, and a chip removal groove is formed between adjacent blades. A nozzle is arranged in the chip removal groove, facing the cutting motion trajectory surface of the blade shoulder. The outlet jet path of the nozzle is spaced apart from the cutting teeth.
[0007] In one aspect, in some embodiments, the distance between the jet landing point of the nozzle on the cutting motion trajectory surface of the outer edge of the blade and the axis of the drill body is greater than two-thirds of the maximum radius R formed by the plurality of blades.
[0008] In some embodiments, the angle θ formed by the centerline of the nozzle and the axis of the drill bit body ranges from 20° to 45°.
[0009] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the nozzle outlet protrudes from the bottom of the chip flute, and the height difference L between the nozzle outlet plane and the profile line of the chip flute is less than the maximum distance H between the cutting profile line of the shoulder of the blade and the profile line of the chip flute.
[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the L is in the range of 0.2H to 0.75H.
[0011] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the L is H / 3.
[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the nozzle is arranged close to the rake face of the adjacent blade.
[0013] In some embodiments of the first aspect, a boss for mounting the nozzle is arranged on the rake face of the blade.
[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, a water cavity is arranged inside the drill bit body, and the nozzle is in communication with the water cavity.
[0015] The second aspect provides a drill bit, comprising:
[0016] The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure.
[0017] The technical scheme provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure and the drill bit provided by the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects.
[0019] Therefore, the mud sprayed by the nozzle can be sprayed to the bottom hole position corresponding to the shoulder of the blade, and the cutting teeth on the outer side of the blade can be washed and cooled by forming a flooding cooling at the bottom hole. At the same time, the bottom hole can be washed, which can prevent the accumulation of rock debris at the outer circle of the bottom hole to form a mud cake. Moreover, the nozzle is not directly sprayed to the cutting teeth, which has little impact on the erosion of the cutting teeth. The cutting teeth at the outer circle of the drill bit can be better washed and cooled, the risk of thermal wear failure of the cutting teeth can be reduced, and the service life of the cutting teeth can be ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort.
[0021] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a drill bit provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.
[0022] Figure 2 A top view schematic diagram of a drill bit provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.
[0023] Figure 3 A partial sectional view of a drill bit provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.
[0024] In the drawings, the components represented by the numbers are listed as follows:
[0025] 101, drill bit body; 102, blade; 103, cutting tooth; 104, chip flute; 105, nozzle; 106, boss; 107, water cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in the following with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0027] In order to solve the problems in the background art or one of the problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a PDC drill bit and a drill bit, which can clean and cool the cutting teeth near the outer circle of the drill bit in time, reduce the risk of thermal wear failure of the cutting teeth, and improve the service life of the drill bit.
[0028] Referring to Figures 1 to 3 The first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a PDC drill bit hydraulic structure, which comprises:
[0029] The drill bit body 101 has a plurality of blades 102 arranged circumferentially on the outer surface of the crown portion, and the blades 102 are provided with cutting teeth 103. The adjacent blades 102 form a chip flute 104, and the chip flute 104 is provided with a nozzle 105 facing the cutting motion track surface of the shoulder portion of the blade 102. The outlet jet path of the nozzle 105 is arranged separately from the cutting tooth 103.
[0030] The PDC bit hydraulic structure of the embodiment of the present application is integrally provided with a plurality of blades 102 on the bit body 101, a plurality of cutting teeth 103 are arranged and fixed on the outer surface of the crown of the blade 102 along the extension direction of the blade 102, a nozzle 105 is fixedly installed in the junk slot 104 and faces the cutting motion trajectory surface of the shoulder of the blade 102, and the outlet jet path of the nozzle 105 is spaced apart from the cutting tooth 103, so that the mud sprayed out of the nozzle 105 can be sprayed to the bottom hole position corresponding to the shoulder of the blade 102, the cutting tooth 103 on the outer side of the whole blade 102 is washed and cooled by forming a flooding at the bottom hole, and the bottom hole is washed at the same time, which can prevent the accumulation of cuttings at the outer circle of the bottom hole to form a mud cake.
[0031] It should be noted that the outlet jet path of the nozzle 105 is spaced apart from the cutting tooth 103 in the embodiment, and the outlet jet path of the nozzle 105 refers to the direct propagation trajectory of the jet after being sprayed out of the nozzle, and does not include the reflection path blocked by the external bottom hole, that is, the outlet of the nozzle 105 in the embodiment is not directly towards the cutting tooth 103 distributed on the blade 102.
[0032] Specifically, the nozzle 105 sprays to the bottom hole position corresponding to the shoulder of the blade 102 to form a flooding at the bottom hole and wash and cool the cutting tooth 103, and the nozzle 105 is not directly towards the cutting tooth 103 to spray and flush. Therefore, the erosion effect on the cutting tooth 103 is small, the washing and cooling of the cutting tooth 103 at the outer circle of the bit can be better realized, the risk of thermal wear failure of the cutting tooth 103 is reduced, and the service life of the cutting tooth 103 is ensured.
[0033] For example, the PDC bit in the embodiment can be a steel body PDC bit or a matrix PDC bit, or a PDC hybrid bit provided with a cone, the cutting tooth 103 can be a diamond compact, the nozzle 105 can be a replaceable conventional hard alloy threaded nozzle, or a pulse nozzle, a curved nozzle or other special nozzle. Since the PDC bit of the present application has good washing and cooling of the cutting tooth 103 at the outer circle, a conical tooth can be installed on the end surface adjacent to the gage surface of the blade 102 to improve the drilling efficiency.
[0034] In the first aspect, in some optional embodiments, referring to Figures 1 to 3 The PDC bit hydraulic structure provided by the embodiment of the present application is characterized in that the distance between the jet drop point of the nozzle 105 on the cutting motion trajectory surface of the outer edge of the blade 102 and the axis of the bit body 101 is greater than two-thirds of the maximum radius R formed by the plurality of blades 102.
[0035] The R in the embodiments of the present application is the maximum radius formed by the plurality of blades 102, and the distance between the jet drop point of the jet on the trajectory surface of the cutting movement of the nozzle 105 outside the edge of the blade 102 and the axis of the drill bit body 101 is greater than (2 / 3)R, so that the mud jet ejected from the nozzle 105 has an equal-speed core, and the bottom point of the jet at the well bottom is located within the range of the outer ring (1 / 3)R.
[0036] When drilling in hard abrasive formations, the cutting teeth 103 on the blade 102 located at the outer (1 / 3)R are relatively far away from the rotation center axis, and the linear speed is relatively high, and the heat generated by cutting the formation is relatively large. The nozzle 105 provided in the present application can effectively cool and clean the cutting teeth 103 in this range, prevent thermal wear failure, and improve the service life of the drill bit.
[0037] When drilling in soft formations, the jet ejected from the outer ring is relatively close to the well bottom, which can more effectively assist in rock breaking and improve the mechanical drilling speed of the drill bit. At the same time, due to the higher flow velocity of the jet in the outer ring, the well bottom cuttings can be transported to the annulus more quickly, preventing the formation of a well bottom mud cake.
[0038] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, referring to Figures 1 to 3 The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure provided in the embodiments of the present application has an angle θ formed by the center line of the nozzle 105 and the axis of the drill bit body 101, and the value of the angle θ is in the range of 20° to 45°.
[0039] The θ in the embodiments of the present application is the angle formed by the center line of the nozzle 105 and the axis of the drill bit body 101, and the value of the angle θ is in the range of 20° to 45°, so that the mud ejected from the nozzle 105 can be sprayed to the well bottom position corresponding to the shoulder of the blade 102. By forming a flow cooling at the well bottom and cleaning the cutting teeth 103 on the outer side of the entire blade 102, the effect of cleaning the well bottom can be achieved, and the accumulation of cuttings at the outer ring of the well bottom to form a mud cake can be prevented.
[0040] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, referring to Figures 1 to 3 The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure provided in the embodiments of the present application has an angle θ formed by the center line of the nozzle 105 and the axis of the drill bit body 101, and the value of the angle θ is in the range of 20° to 45°.
[0041] The outlet of the nozzle 105 on the PDC drill bit in the embodiment of the application protrudes from the groove bottom of the junk slot 104, and the height difference L between the nozzle 105 outlet plane and the junk slot 104 profile line is less than the maximum distance H between the cutter 102 shoulder cutting profile line and the junk slot 104 profile line, which can make the jet sprayed by the nozzle 105 closer to the well bottom, better realize the formation of the flooding cooling at the well bottom and the cleaning of the entire cutter 102 outside cutting tooth 103, and more effectively assist the rock breaking and improve the mechanical drilling speed of the drill bit. At the same time, the flooding speed of the jet at the outer ring is higher, which can quickly move the well bottom cuttings to the annulus and prevent the formation of the well bottom mud cake.
[0042] In the first aspect, in some optional embodiments, referring to Figures 1 to 3 The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure provided in the embodiment of the application has L in the range of 0.2H to 0.75H.
[0043] In the embodiment of the application, L is the height difference between the nozzle 105 outlet plane and the junk slot 104 profile line, and H is the maximum distance between the cutter 102 shoulder cutting profile line and the junk slot 104 profile line. Since the mud sprayed by the nozzle 105 is sprayed to the well bottom position corresponding to the cutter 102 shoulder, the flooding cooling at the well bottom and the cleaning of the entire cutter 102 outside cutting tooth 103 are realized.
[0044] If the nozzle 105 outlet is too close to the well bottom position corresponding to the cutter 102 shoulder, for example, L is greater than 0.75H, the jet reflected to the cutting tooth 103 from the nozzle 105 will have too high a flow rate, which will aggravate the erosion effect on the cutting tooth 103. If the nozzle 105 outlet is too far from the well bottom position corresponding to the cutter 102 shoulder, for example, L is less than 0.2H, the jet reflected to the cutting tooth 103 from the nozzle 105 will have too low a flow rate, which cannot guarantee the cleaning and cooling effect on the cutting tooth 103.
[0045] Therefore, in the embodiment, L is controlled in the range of 0.2H to 0.75H, the mud sprayed by the nozzle 105 is sprayed to the well bottom position corresponding to the cutter 102 shoulder, the flooding cooling at the well bottom and the cleaning of the entire cutter 102 outside cutting tooth 103 are realized, the erosion effect on the cutting tooth 103 is minimized, and the service life of the cutting tooth 103 is guaranteed.
[0046] In the first aspect, in some optional embodiments, referring to Figures 1 to 3 The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure provided in the embodiment of the application has L in the range of 0.2H to 0.75H.
[0047] The value of L in the embodiments of the present application is preferably H / 3. When the outlet of the nozzle 105 is located at this height position, the cutting teeth 103 outside the radius of the drill bit are best cleaned and cooled, the erosion impact on the cutting teeth 103 is minimal, the risk of thermal wear failure of the cutting teeth 103 can be greatly reduced, and the service life of the drill bit is improved.
[0048] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, referring to Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the drawings, the embodiments of the present application provide a PDC drill bit hydraulic structure, and the nozzle 105 of the PDC drill bit hydraulic structure is arranged close to the rake face of the adjacent blade 102.
[0049] The nozzle 105 of the PDC drill bit of the embodiments of the present application is arranged close to the rake face of the adjacent blade 102, which can reduce the impact of the nozzle 105 on the cuttings, and cooperate with the jet flow sprayed by the nozzle 105 to prevent the cuttings from accumulating in the drill bit's chip groove 104 at the bottom of the well.
[0050] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, referring to Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the drawings, the embodiments of the present application provide a PDC drill bit hydraulic structure, and the nozzle 105 of the PDC drill bit hydraulic structure is arranged close to the rake face of the adjacent blade 102.
[0051] The nozzle 105 of the PDC drill bit of the embodiments of the present application is arranged close to the rake face of the adjacent blade 102, which can reduce the impact of the nozzle 105 on the cuttings, and cooperate with the jet flow sprayed by the nozzle 105 to prevent the cuttings from accumulating in the drill bit's chip groove 104 at the bottom of the well.
[0052] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, referring to Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the drawings, the embodiments of the present application provide a PDC drill bit hydraulic structure, and the nozzle 105 of the PDC drill bit hydraulic structure is arranged close to the rake face of the adjacent blade 102.
[0053] The nozzle 105 of the PDC drill bit of the embodiments of the present application is arranged close to the rake face of the adjacent blade 102, which can reduce the impact of the nozzle 105 on the cuttings, and cooperate with the jet flow sprayed by the nozzle 105 to prevent the cuttings from accumulating in the drill bit's chip groove 104 at the bottom of the well.
[0054] Referring to Figures 1 to 3 Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the drawings, the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a drill bit, which comprises:
[0055] The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure of any one of the above embodiments.
[0056] The drill bit adopts the PDC bit hydraulic structure of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments, can effectively cool and clean the cutting teeth 103 of the outer ring of the drill bit radius, prevent thermal wear failure, and improve the service life of the drill bit. When the drill bit drills in soft formation, the jet flow sprayed from the outer ring is close to the distance from the bottom of the well, which can more effectively assist in rock breaking and improve the mechanical drilling speed of the drill bit. At the same time, due to the higher flow velocity of the jet flow in the outer ring, the bottom hole cuttings can be transported to the annulus more quickly, preventing the formation of bottom hole mud cake.
[0057] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0058] It should be noted that in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.
[0059] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, which enables those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features applied herein.
Claims
1. A PDC bit hydraulic structure, characterized in that, The drill bit body (101) is provided with a plurality of blades (102) on the outer surface of the crown in the circumferential direction, the blades (102) are provided with cutting teeth (103), and a chip groove (104) is formed between adjacent blades (102), and a nozzle (105) is arranged in the chip groove (104) and faces the cutting motion trajectory surface of the shoulder of the blade (102), and the outlet jet path of the nozzle (105) is arranged in a spaced manner with the cutting tooth (103).
2. The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure of claim 1, wherein: The distance between the jet drop point of the nozzle (105) on the cutting motion trajectory surface of the outer edge of the blade (102) and the axis of the drill bit body (101) is greater than two-thirds of the maximum radius R formed by the plurality of blades (102).
3. The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure of claim 1, wherein: The included angle θ formed by the center line of the nozzle (105) and the axis of the drill bit body (101) is in the range of 20° to 45°.
4. The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure of claim 1, wherein: The nozzle (105) protrudes from the bottom of the chip groove (104), and the height difference L between the outlet plane of the nozzle (105) and the profile line of the chip groove (104) is less than the maximum distance H between the cutting profile line of the shoulder of the blade (102) and the profile line of the chip groove (104).
5. The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure of claim 4, wherein: The value of L is in the range of 0.2H to 0.75H.
6. The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure of claim 4, wherein: The value of L is H / 3.
7. The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure of claim 1, wherein: The nozzle (105) is arranged close to the rake face of the adjacent blade (102).
8. The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure of claim 1, wherein: The rake face of the blade (102) is integrally provided with a boss (106) for mounting the nozzle (105), and the nozzle (105) and the boss (106) are detachably connected.
9. The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure of claim 1, wherein: The drill bit body (101) is provided with a water cavity (107) inside, and the nozzle (105) communicates with the water cavity (107). The PDC drill bit hydraulic structure of any one of claims 1 to 9.
10. A drill bit, characterized by