Antenna structure and communication equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of antennas, and particularly relates to an antenna structure and communication equipment. The antenna structure comprises a substrate, a radiator used for radiating electromagnetic waves, a feed structure used for carrying out coupling feed on the radiator and a guide structure attached to the substrate, and the feed structure and the radiator are arranged on the two opposite plate faces of the substrate respectively. The radiation body is provided with a radiation end face used for radiating the electromagnetic waves to the guiding structure, the guiding structure and the radiation end face are arranged at intervals, and the guiding structure is used for receiving the electromagnetic waves and radiating the electromagnetic waves after gathering the electromagnetic waves. According to the utility model, the gain and directivity of the antenna structure can be improved, and the radiation performance of the antenna structure is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of antenna technology, and in particular relates to an antenna structure and communication equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Antennas are key components in modern wireless communication systems, radiating and receiving energy. Since wireless communication devices all require antennas for signal transmission and reception, the signal transmission and reception capabilities of an antenna often directly determine the performance of the wireless communication system. A Vivaldi antenna is a slotted microstrip antenna that uses an exponentially shaped slot structure to control the radiation of electromagnetic energy from one end of the slot to the open end. Vivaldi antennas are a widely used type of ultra-wideband antenna; many medical microwave imaging systems use Vivaldi antennas. Similarly, microwave test fields require measurements of multiple antennas, thus necessitating a wide bandwidth, and most of the antennas used in these systems are Vivaldi antennas.

[0003] However, existing Vivaldi antennas cannot concentrate energy when radiating it into space, resulting in low antenna gain and poor directivity. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna structure that addresses the problem of how to improve the radiation performance of an antenna structure.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an antenna structure is provided, comprising a substrate, a radiator for radiating electromagnetic waves, a feeding structure for coupling and feeding the radiator, and a guiding structure attached to the substrate. The feeding structure and the radiator are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the substrate. The radiator has a radiating end face for radiating the electromagnetic waves to the guiding structure. The guiding structure is spaced apart from the radiating end face. The guiding structure is used to receive the electromagnetic waves and concentrate the electromagnetic waves for radiation.

[0007] In some embodiments, the radiator includes two spaced-apart radiating arms forming a radiating gap between the two radiating arms, the radiating gap extending through one side edge of the radiator to form an opening, and the guiding structure being disposed at the opening.

[0008] In some embodiments, the width of the radiation slit gradually increases along the direction through which the radiation body penetrates the radiator.

[0009] In some embodiments, the radiation slot comprises two profile curves arranged at a distance from each other, and the two profile curves are exponential function curves.

[0010] In some embodiments, the guiding structure is an open resonant ring structure, and the open resonant ring structure is used to generate an induced current to guide the electromagnetic wave.

[0011] In some embodiments, a plurality of open resonant ring structures are arranged in an array.

[0012] In some embodiments, the open resonant ring structures are arranged on both sides of the substrate.

[0013] In some embodiments, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the substrate at a distance from each other, the through holes penetrate through the opposite surfaces of the substrate along the thickness direction of the substrate, and the through holes are arranged along the extension direction of the profile curve, and the through holes are used to increase the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave along the profile curve.

[0014] In some embodiments, the feeding structure is a microstrip line, and one end of the microstrip line is connected with a matching circuit.

[0015] In a second aspect, a communication device is provided, which comprises the antenna structure of the above-mentioned solution.

[0016] The application has the beneficial effects that the electromagnetic wave is coupled to the radiator by the feeding structure for radiation, and the guiding structure can receive the electromagnetic wave and radiate the electromagnetic wave after aggregation, so that the electromagnetic energy can be superimposed for radiation, thereby improving the gain and directivity of the antenna structure, and further improving the radiation performance of the antenna structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or exemplary technical descriptions will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort.

[0018] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the application;

[0019] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the application;

[0020] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the feeding structure provided by the embodiments of the application.

[0021] wherein the reference signs in the figures refer to:

[0022] 10 substrate; 11 via; 20 radiator; 21 radiating end face; 22 radiating arm; 23 radiating slot; 231 profile curve; 24 opening; 251 first slot; 252 second slot; 30 feed structure; 311 first right angle side; 312 second right angle side; 32 sector feed; 40 directing structure; 41 split ring structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0024] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “transverse”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inner”, “outer”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise” and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0025] In addition, the terms “first” and “second” are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of “multiple” is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0026] In the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature, which can include direct contact between the first and second features, or indirect contact between the first and second features through another feature therebetween. Moreover, the first feature "on", "above" and "on top of" the second feature includes the first feature directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is higher than the second feature in horizontal height. The first feature "under", "below" and "underneath" the second feature includes the first feature directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is lower than the second feature in horizontal height.

[0027] Please refer to Figs. 1 to 3 The application provides an antenna structure, which comprises a substrate 10, a radiator 20 for radiating electromagnetic waves, a feed structure 30 for coupling and feeding the radiator 20, and a guide structure 40 attached to the substrate 10. The feed structure 30 and the radiator 20 are arranged on two opposite surfaces of the substrate 10. The radiator 20 is provided with a radiation end surface 21 for radiating electromagnetic waves to the guide structure 40. The guide structure 40 is arranged in a spaced manner with the radiation end surface 21. The guide structure 40 is used for receiving electromagnetic waves and radiating the electromagnetic waves after being collected.

[0028] It can be understood that the substrate 10 is a plate structure, and the radiator 20 and the feed structure 30 are arranged on two opposite surfaces of the substrate 10. The dielectric substrate 10 plays a supporting and isolating role. When the antenna works, the feed structure 30 feeds in the form of coupling energy to the radiator 20. In addition, the feed structure 30 is a microstrip line structure.

[0029] It should be noted that the substrate 10 is a dielectric substrate 10, which can be made of a material with a low dielectric constant. A low dielectric constant is beneficial to increasing the bandwidth of the antenna. Alternatively, the substrate 10 can be made of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plate with a dielectric constant of 2.2. In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the substrate 10 is 1 mm, the substrate 10 is a square structure, and the side length of the substrate 10 is 25 mm.

[0030] In addition, the two opposite surfaces of the substrate 10 are covered with a copper foil, which is an extremely thin copper sheet. Since the copper foil has good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, it is used to make the conductor, ground and substrate of the antenna circuit in the micro antenna, which can effectively improve the performance and stability of the antenna. In addition, the frequency band and directivity of the antenna can be adjusted by changing the design and size of the copper foil. The copper foil can also improve the signal quality and transmission speed by optimizing the layout of the antenna circuit and changing the size and directivity of the antenna.

[0031] The application couples electromagnetic waves to the radiator 20 through the feed structure 30 to radiate, and sets the directing structure 40 which can receive electromagnetic waves and radiate after gathering the electromagnetic waves, so that the electromagnetic energy can be superimposed to radiate, thereby improving the gain and directivity of the antenna structure, and further improving the radiation performance of the antenna structure.

[0032] It should be noted that the antenna gain refers to the ratio of the power density of the signals generated by the actual antenna and the ideal radiation unit at the same point in space under the condition that the input power is equal. The antenna gain quantitatively describes the degree of concentration of the input power radiated by an antenna, and from the communication point of view, the antenna gain reflects the size of the signal generation ability in a certain direction and range.

[0033] In addition, the antenna structure of the application is simple in structure and easy to process; the antenna structure adopts planar design, which is simple in structure and easy to process and manufacture; the antenna size is small, which is suitable for application occasions with limited volume and is conducive to miniaturization.

[0034] In some embodiments, the radiator 20 includes two radiation arms 22 arranged at intervals, and a radiation slot 23 is formed between the two radiation arms 22, the radiation slot 23 penetrates one side edge of the radiator 20 to form an opening 24, and the directing structure 40 is arranged at the opening 24. It can be understood that the directing structure 40 is arranged at the opening 24, and the radiation slot 23 can control the electromagnetic energy radiated from one end of the radiation slot 23 to the end of the opening 24 by arranging the radiation slot 23.

[0035] It can be understood that, since the radiator 20 is provided with the radiation slot 23, the radiator 20 has a slot line which can be enclosed to form the radiation slot 23, and the feed structure 30 feeds by coupling energy to the slot line when the antenna works.

[0036] In some embodiments, along the direction in which the radiation slot 23 penetrates the radiator 20, the width of the radiation slot 23 gradually increases, that is, the radiation slot 23 is a tapered slot structure, and by etching a tapered curve slot on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 10, the radiation part of the antenna structure is formed, so that the feed current distribution on the two radiation arms 22 has a tapered property, which is conducive to improving the flattening of the reflection curve and realizing the characteristics of ultra-wideband end-fire.

[0037] In some embodiments, the radiation slot 23 comprises two profile curves 231 arranged at a distance from each other, and the two profile curves 231 are exponential function curves. Specifically, the tapering curve can be described by an exponential function y = ± (c1e^(δx) + c2), where δ is the tapering rate, and c1 and c2 are coefficients. By adjusting the value of δ and the length of the curve, the beam width and frequency band of the antenna structure can be controlled. In a specific embodiment, the length L0 of the tapering curve is 13.5 mm, the tapering rate δ = 0.23, the slot width at the narrow end is 0.4 mm, and the slot width at the wide end is 25 mm.

[0038] In some embodiments, the radiator 20 further comprises a coupling slot in communication with the radiation slot 23, and the coupling slot is used to adjust the impedance matching of the antenna structure and to realize coupling feeding through the feeding structure 30.

[0039] Specifically, the coupling slot comprises a first slot 251 and a second slot 252 arranged in sequence, the width dimension of the first slot 251 is greater than that of the second slot 252, the first slot 251 functions as a resonant cavity and can adjust the impedance matching of the antenna, and the second slot 252 can function as a coupling and affect the transmission of electromagnetic waves. Specifically, the first slot 231 is a circular structure and functions as a circular resonant cavity, and the second slot 232 extends along the direction in which the radiation slot 23 penetrates the radiator 20, and the width of the second slot 232 is constant along the direction in which the radiation slot 23 penetrates the radiator 20.

[0040] It can be understood that, by arranging the first slot 251, the second slot 252 and the radiation slot 23, the slots of the radiator 20 are composed of three parts, the first part is a circular slot which functions as impedance matching for the microstrip line, the second part is a rectangular slot which functions as mutual coupling for the transmission of electromagnetic waves with the microstrip line, and the third part is a tapering slot which functions as a guiding for the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna. The second slot 252 is a rectangular structure, the second slot 252 confines the energy inside and is mainly used for transmitting energy, and as the width of the radiation slot 23 becomes larger, when the width of the radiation slot 23 is greater than one half of the wavelength of the corresponding frequency band, the energy will break free from the confinement and be radiated outward, and the tapering part mainly functions as radiating energy and can radiate energy in the direction of the opening 24.

[0041] In some embodiments, the guiding structure 40 is an open resonant loop structure 41, the open resonant loop structure 41 has unique electromagnetic properties, and the open resonant loop structure 41 is used to generate induced current to guide electromagnetic waves. The open resonant loop structure 41 is a loop structure and is usually made of flexible material or elastic element.

[0042] It can be understood that a metal ring will generate an induced electromagnetic field in a changing magnetic field perpendicular to it, but it is not a resonant system. In order to generate a resonant enhanced magnetic response, we need to introduce a capacitor. Because inductance and capacitance together can form a resonant circuit (metal ring can be regarded as inductance). For this purpose, we add a notch to each metal ring, which forms a capacitor, and charges will accumulate at both ends. This open resonant ring is analogous to a resonant circuit with two capacitors. The reason for using two open resonant rings is that the electric dipole moment generated by the accumulation of charges in a single open resonant ring will weaken the electromagnetic moment we want. The electric dipole moments generated by two open resonant rings placed in opposite directions will cancel each other out. Therefore, in metamaterial design, we often use a double-open resonant ring structure.

[0043] Specifically, the outer ring length of the open resonant ring structure 41 is 2mm, the inner ring length is 1.6mm, and the ring width and the width of the opening 24 are both 0.4mm.

[0044] In some embodiments, a plurality of open resonant ring structures 41 are provided, and the plurality of open resonant ring structures 41 are arranged in an array to form a director array, thereby further improving the gain and directivity of the antenna. In a specific embodiment, the plurality of open resonant ring structures 41 are arranged in a 2x20 array. Of course, in other possible implementations, the plurality of open resonant ring structures 41 can also be arranged in other arrays, which are not uniquely limited by the present application.

[0045] In addition, the two opposite surfaces of the substrate 10 are both provided with open resonant ring structures 41, thereby further improving the gathering effect of the open resonant ring structure 41 on electromagnetic waves.

[0046] In some embodiments, a plurality of through holes 11 are provided on the substrate 10 and arranged at intervals, the through holes 11 penetrate the opposite surfaces of the substrate 10 along the thickness direction of the substrate 10, and the plurality of through holes 11 are arranged along the extension direction of the contour curve 231. The through holes 11 are used to reduce the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, thereby increasing the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves along the contour curve 231.

[0047] It can be understood that when there is no through hole 11, electromagnetic waves are transmitted through the radiation slot 23, and the propagation distance is the shortest along the central axis direction of the radiation slot 23, and the longest along the extension direction of the contour curve 231. Different wave paths cause the phase distribution of electromagnetic waves at the radiation slot 23 of the antenna to be uneven. Therefore, by arranging the through holes 11 along the extension direction of the contour curve 231, the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves along the contour curve 231 is the fastest, thereby improving the phase distribution difference caused by the wave path difference, achieving a more uniform phase distribution at the radiation end of the antenna structure, and improving the aperture efficiency and gain of the antenna.

[0048] The arrangement mode of the through holes 11 can be designed according to a power distribution theory, so that the radiation energy distribution of the antenna structure is more uniform.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, the diameter of the through holes 11 is 0.25 mm, and the distance between adjacent through holes 11 is 0.8 mm.

[0050] In some embodiments, the feed structure 30 is a microstrip line, and a radial matching circuit is connected to one end of the microstrip line. By connecting the matching circuit to one end of the microstrip line, wideband impedance matching is achieved, and the bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the antenna are improved.

[0051] In some embodiments, the microstrip line includes a right-angle feeding portion and a fan-shaped feeding portion 32, the right-angle feeding portion includes a first right-angle side 311 and a second right-angle side 312 connected to each other, the axial direction of the first right-angle side 311 and the axial direction of the second right-angle side 312 are perpendicular to each other, and the first right-angle side 311 and the vertex of the fan-shaped feeding portion 32 are connected.

[0052] By additionally providing the fan-shaped feeding portion 32 at the end of the right-angle feeding portion, the coupling degree with the coupling slot located on the other side of the substrate 10 is improved, the standing wave ratio of the antenna is reduced, the matching of the antenna is facilitated, and thus the radiation of electromagnetic waves is facilitated.

[0053] The utility model also proposes a kind of communication equipment, the communication equipment includes antenna structure, and the specific structure of the antenna structure refers to above-mentioned embodiment, since the present communication equipment has adopted all technical solutions of above-mentioned all embodiments, thus also have all beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of above-mentioned embodiments, here no longer repeat.

[0054] In summary, the present application couples electromagnetic waves to the radiator 20 for radiation through the feed structure 30, and sets the directing structure 40, which can receive electromagnetic waves and radiate after concentrating electromagnetic waves, so that electromagnetic energy can be superimposed and radiated, thereby improving the gain and directivity of the antenna structure, and further improving the radiation performance of the antenna structure.

[0055] Specifically, the antenna structure of the present application has a gain improvement of about 3dBi in the 5.5GHz to 12GHz frequency band, and a significant increase in directivity; the relative bandwidth of the antenna is expanded by 79.1%, achieving high gain performance in a wide frequency band; the use of step microstrip line and radial matching circuit achieves wideband impedance matching, and the reflection coefficient of the antenna in the working frequency band is less than -10dB.

[0056] The above merely provides optional embodiments of the present application, but not for limiting the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., made within the principles and technical scope of the present application, should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that: The device includes a substrate (10), a radiator (20) for radiating electromagnetic waves, a feeding structure (30) for coupling and feeding the radiator (20), and a guiding structure (40) attached to the substrate (10). The feeding structure (30) and the radiator (20) are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the substrate (10). The radiator (20) has a radiating end face (21) for radiating the electromagnetic waves to the guiding structure (40). The guiding structure (40) and the radiating end face (21) are spaced apart. The guiding structure (40) is used to receive the electromagnetic waves and concentrate the electromagnetic waves for radiation.

2. The antenna structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The radiator (20) includes two radiating arms (22) spaced apart, with a radiating gap (23) formed between the two radiating arms (22). The radiating gap (23) extends through one side edge of the radiator (20) to form an opening (24), and the guiding structure (40) is disposed in the opening (24).

3. The antenna structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Along the direction through the radiator (20) along the radiating slit (23), the width of the radiating slit (23) gradually increases.

4. The antenna structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The radiation slit (23) includes two contour curves (231) spaced apart from each other, and the two contour curves (231) are exponential function curves.

5. The antenna structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The guiding structure (40) is an open resonant ring structure (41), which is used to generate induced current to guide the electromagnetic wave.

6. The antenna structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Multiple open-ring resonator structures (41) are provided, and the multiple open-ring resonator structures (41) are arranged in an array.

7. The antenna structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The two opposite surfaces of the substrate (10) are provided with the open resonant ring structure (41).

8. The antenna structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The substrate (10) is provided with a plurality of spaced through holes (11), which penetrate the two opposite surfaces of the substrate (10) along the thickness direction of the substrate (10). The plurality of through holes (11) are arranged along the extension direction of the contour curve. The through holes (11) are used to increase the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave along the contour curve.

9. The antenna structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The power supply structure (30) is a microstrip line, and one end of the microstrip line is connected to a matching circuit.

10. A communication device, characterized in that, Including the antenna structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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