Evaporator and vertical evaporation system
By designing multiple cone-shaped heat exchange surface structures and a scraper cleaning system in the vertical evaporator, the problems of large liquid accumulation and easy scaling at the bottom of the evaporator are solved, resulting in a faster evaporation rate and higher heat exchange efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422892587.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing vertical evaporators have problems when treating wastewater, such as large liquid volume at the bottom of the evaporator, large equipment size, inconvenient cleaning, easy scaling, and scaling leading to a decrease in heat exchange efficiency.
The bottom heat exchange surface of the evaporator is designed with multiple cone-shaped structures to form a continuous zigzag shape. It is equipped with an annular bottom surface and a drain port, and a scraper for cleaning. The motor drives the scraper to rotate and scrape the heat exchange surface, and the liquid level is controlled by a liquid level sensor.
It reduces the liquid volume at the bottom of the evaporator during the evaporation and concentration process, increases the evaporation rate, reduces the equipment size, avoids scaling and clogging, enhances the cleaning effect, and improves heat exchange efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN223586569U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of evaporation equipment, in particular to an evaporator capable of being applied in a vertical evaporation system and a vertical evaporation system. BACKGROUND
[0002] An evaporator is a common chemical equipment, which is widely used in chemical industry, environmental protection, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, textile industry and energy industry. The evaporator usually utilizes the different boiling points of water and other solutes in the solution to be treated, and makes water boil and vaporize by heating, so as to escape from the solution, thereby realizing the separation of water and other solutes, the concentration of the solution and other purposes. In recent years, the evaporator is also used for treating wastewater, especially high-pollution and high-concentration industrial wastewater, such as electroplating wastewater, cleaning wastewater, emulsified wastewater and the like. It has the advantages of wide adaptability, short process chain and high automation degree.
[0003] Some shortcomings of the common evaporator limit its effect of treating wastewater and more extensive use. Referring to Figure 1 Prior to this, the applicant designed a vertical evaporation system, which designed the heat exchange surface 901 at the bottom of the raw liquid evaporator 900, designed into a smooth and flat disc shape or a conical shape, and closely arranged a scraper 903 capable of scraping the heat exchange surface 901 on the heat exchange surface 901, thereby effectively preventing the problem of partial heat exchange surface 901 dry sintering scale, and the heat exchange surface 901 is relatively uniform, the evaporation process is stable, the scale is easy to clean, and the pollution is not easy to cause. The problem of clogging avoids the problem of heat exchange efficiency caused thereby. Although the evaporator has many advantages, there is still room for improvement. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL
[0004] The present application aims to provide an improved evaporator capable of being applied in a vertical evaporation system, by designing the bottom heat exchange surface into a plurality of conical structures, which can reduce the liquid volume at the bottom of the evaporator during the evaporation and concentration process, so that the concentration process can be completed faster, and the equipment size of the evaporator can be smaller.
[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides an evaporator applied in a vertical evaporation system, the evaporator has a heat exchange surface at the bottom, which is used for heat exchange with an evaporation heat exchanger arranged outside the bottom of the evaporator; the heat exchange surface is a continuous surface, the height of the heat exchange surface changes along the direction from the outer periphery of the heat exchange surface to the center point of the heat exchange surface, so that the longitudinal section of the heat exchange surface is a continuous broken line shape, the continuous broken line shape includes N valleys and N-1 peaks arranged at intervals with the N valleys, and a ring-shaped bottom surface is formed at the valleys, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1; at least one discharge port is arranged on the ring-shaped bottom surface; at least one scraper is further arranged in the evaporator, the at least one scraper is arranged on the heat exchange surface and can rotate to scrape the heat exchange surface.
[0006] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in the case that N is even, N / 2 coaxial annular bases are formed on the heat exchange surface, and each of the annular bases is provided with a discharge port.
[0007] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a scraper shaft is arranged at the center point of the heat exchange surface, the scraper shaft is connected with the at least one scraper, and the scraper shaft is driven by a motor arranged outside the top of the evaporator to drive the at least one scraper to rotate.
[0008] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in the case that N is odd, (N-1) / 2 coaxial annular bases are formed on the heat exchange surface, and each of the annular bases and the center point of the heat exchange surface is provided with a discharge port.
[0009] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a scraper shaft is arranged at the center axis of the evaporator, the scraper shaft is connected with the at least one scraper, and the scraper shaft is driven by a motor arranged outside the top of the evaporator to drive the at least one scraper to rotate.
[0010] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the heat exchange surface is in a double-cone structure with one annular base.
[0011] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a liquid level sensor is arranged above the heat exchange surface, and a height difference between the liquid level sensor and the heat exchange surface is less than a preset threshold, so as to control the liquid surface in the evaporator to be not higher than a position where the liquid level sensor is located.
[0012] In a second aspect, the application provides a vertical evaporation system, which comprises any possible evaporator of the first aspect.
[0013] In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the vertical evaporation system further comprises an evaporation heat exchanger and a condensation heat exchanger; the evaporation heat exchanger is arranged outside the bottom of the evaporator, and the condensation heat exchanger is arranged in the evaporator and located at the upper part of the evaporator.
[0014] In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, a condensate groove is arranged along the tank wall of the upper part of the evaporator, and the condensation heat exchanger is a disc pipe heat exchanger and is circumferentially distributed in the condensate groove. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor based on these drawings.
[0016] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vertical evaporation system in the prior art;
[0017] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an implementation of the evaporator and related components of the present application;
[0018] Figure 3 Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an implementation of the vertical evaporation system of the present application.
[0019] Legend of reference signs:
[0020] Figure 1 : 900 - primary liquid evaporator; 901 - heat exchange surface; 902 - evaporation heat exchanger; 903 - scraper; 904 - scraper support; 905 - scraper shaft; 906 - motor; 907 - discharge port.
[0021] Figures 2 to 3 : 100 - evaporator; 110 - heat exchange surface; 111 - low point; 112 - peak; 113 - annular bottom surface; 120 - discharge port; 131 - scraper; 132 - scraper support; 133 - scraper shaft; 134 - motor; 140 - liquid level sensor; 150 - condensate tank; 200 - evaporation heat exchanger; 300 - condensation heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the present application is described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0023] Referring to Figures 2 to 3 The present embodiments provide an evaporator 100 that can be applied to a vertical evaporation system. The evaporator 100 is the main body for boiling evaporation of primary liquid of wastewater. The main part of the evaporator 100 can be a cylinder or other possible shapes, which are not limited by the present application.
[0024] At least a partial area or the whole area of the bottom of the evaporator 100 can be used as a heat exchange surface 110. The heat exchange surface 110 is mainly used for heat exchange with an evaporation heat exchanger 200 arranged outside the bottom of the evaporator 100.
[0025] The heat exchange surface 110 can be a continuous surface with high and low reliefs. In some implementations, the heat exchange surface 110 has high and low reliefs along a direction from an outer periphery of the heat exchange surface 110 to a center point, and appears as one or more annular bottom surfaces 113 in a top view. In this case, the longitudinal section of the heat exchange surface 110 is a continuous broken line. It can be understood that the broken line in the embodiments of the present application does not require a broken line formed by a plurality of straight lines connected in strict symmetry, but can also include a broken line formed by a plurality of curved lines, and a broken line formed by a plurality of straight lines and a plurality of curved lines.
[0026] The continuous broken line in the longitudinal section includes N valleys 111 and N-1 peaks 112 arranged at intervals with the N valleys 111, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. The annular bottom surface 113 is formed at the valley 111. The annular bottom surface 113 can be a plane in the shape of a ring or a curved surface with a certain curvature, which is not limited in the present application.
[0027] The heat exchange surface at the bottom of the evaporator in the prior art is designed as a single structure such as a smooth and flat disc, a cone, or the like, while the embodiments of the present application further optimize the design to a plurality of structures similar to a cone, which has a plurality of advantages. On the one hand, compared with a single cone structure, the plurality of cone structures in the embodiments of the present application can reduce the liquid storage volume at the bottom of the evaporator during evaporation and concentration, and can reduce the liquid storage volume by more than 50% under the condition of the same heat exchange area. Therefore, the liquid can be concentrated faster under the condition of the same evaporation rate. On the other hand, the plurality of cone structures can reduce the height of the evaporator, and enable the size of the equipment to be smaller under the condition of the same heat exchange area.
[0028] At least one discharge port 120 is arranged on the annular bottom surface 113, so that the concentrate can be discharged from the discharge port 120 after the evaporation and concentration are completed.
[0029] At least one scraper 131 is further arranged in the evaporator 100. The scrapers 131 are arranged on the heat exchange surface 110, and the scrapers 131 are tightly attached to the heat exchange surface 110. The scrapers 131 are driven to rotate by the motor 134 to displace relative to the heat exchange surface 110, so as to scrape the heat exchange surface 110, thereby achieving a cleaning effect. Meanwhile, the rotation of the scrapers 131 can also stir the liquid in the evaporator 100, so as to keep the liquid concentration uniform.
[0030] When the specific number of the plurality of structures similar to a cone formed by the heat exchange surface is different, i.e., the value of the aforementioned N is different, the arrangement positions of the discharge ports and the arrangement positions of the motors are also different accordingly.
[0031] In some implementations, when N is even, N / 2 coaxial annular bases 113 are formed on the heat exchange surface, and each annular base is provided with a discharge port 120. At this time, a peak 112 is formed at the center point of the heat exchange surface 110, and a scraper shaft 133 can be arranged at the peak 112. The scraper shaft 133 is connected with a scraper 131 through a scraper support 132, and a motor 134 is arranged below, i.e., outside the bottom of the evaporator 100. The motor 134 drives the scraper shaft 133 to rotate, so as to drive the scraper 131 to rotate. Alternatively, when N is 2, an annular base 113 is formed on the heat exchange surface 110, and the heat exchange surface has a double-cone structure, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Figure 2 and Figure 3
[0032] In other implementations, when N is odd, (N-1) / 2 coaxial annular bases are formed on the heat exchange surface, and each annular base and the center point of the heat exchange surface is provided with a discharge port. At this time, since a valley is formed at the center point of the heat exchange surface, a discharge port needs to be arranged, and therefore the scraper shaft can be arranged at the central axis of the evaporator, the scraper shaft is connected with a scraper through a scraper support, and a motor can be arranged above, i.e., outside the top of the evaporator. Similarly, the motor drives the scraper shaft to rotate, so as to drive the scraper to rotate.
[0033] No matter whether a single-cone structure or a multi-cone structure with odd N is adopted, the center point is originally a valley point or a very small area, and a discharge port needs to be arranged at the center point. The scraper is difficult to cover the bottom area of the valley, and a dead zone where the scraper cannot reach is formed, which may cause the crystals and particulate matters in the concentrated solution to be stationary, accumulated and blocked. In comparison, when a multi-cone structure with even N is adopted, the valley bottom of the heat exchange surface is formed with an annular base, which is more easily covered by the scraper. Therefore, the scraper can better stir and scrape the annular base back and forth, and the crystals and particulate matters are less likely to be stationary, accumulated and blocked.
[0034] No matter whether a single-cone structure or a multi-cone structure with odd N is adopted, the motor needs to be arranged outside the top of the evaporator, which is inconvenient for installation, disassembly and maintenance. Moreover, the motor is far from the bottom, and the length of the scraper shaft is long. During the rotation of the scraper driven by the motor, the stress of the scraper support is prone to be unbalanced. In comparison, when a multi-cone structure with even N is adopted, the motor is arranged outside the bottom of the evaporator, which is relatively more convenient for installation, disassembly and maintenance. Moreover, since the motor is closer to the bottom, the length of the scraper shaft can be reduced, so that the scraper can better fit the heat exchange surface, thereby ensuring a better cleaning effect. During the rotation of the scraper driven by the motor, the stress of the scraper support is more balanced, and the scraper support is less prone to be twisted, which reduces the requirements for the material and installation precision of the scraper support.
[0035] In addition, for the implementation mode in which the motor needs to be arranged outside the top of the evaporator, when the condensation heat exchanger is arranged at the upper portion of the evaporator, the space for arranging the scraper shaft and other components needs to be reserved, and the implementation mode in which the motor is arranged outside the bottom of the evaporator does not need to consider the problem too much, the condensation heat exchanger can adopt a more diverse structure and arrangement mode, the design space is relatively larger, and the application range is relatively wider.
[0036] It can be understood that, although theoretically, the greater the value of N, the smaller the liquid storage volume and the smaller the device size can be achieved in the case of the same heat exchange area, however, the value of N that is too large can cause the bottom structure of the evaporator and the corresponding scraper structure to be too complex, and thus in actual application, N can adopt a single-digit value.
[0037] In some implementation modes, referring to Figure 2 A liquid level sensor 140 is arranged above the heat exchange surface 110, and the height difference between the liquid level sensor 140 and the heat exchange surface 110 is less than a preset threshold, for controlling the height of the liquid in the evaporator 100 to be not higher than the position of the liquid level sensor 140. In this way, the liquid level in the evaporator is always kept at the position of the liquid level sensor or a position below the liquid level sensor. The liquid level sensor can be arranged as close to the heat exchange surface as possible, that is, the value of the preset threshold is as small as possible. Of course, the specific value of the preset threshold is not limited in the present application. In this way, less original liquid can be stored in the evaporator, a larger liquid volume to heat exchange area ratio can be obtained, and the evaporation and concentration rate can be faster. Generally, in the case of fast evaporation and concentration, a concentration difference is easily caused between the liquid surface and the heat exchange surface, and then fouling and crystallization of the heat exchange surface are easily caused. However, in the implementation mode, the uniformity of the liquid concentration and the smoothness of the heat exchange surface can be effectively ensured by cooperation of the scraper rotation and scraping, and the fouling and crystallization can be avoided.
[0038] The present application also provides a vertical evaporation system including any one of the foregoing possible evaporators. Optionally, the vertical evaporation system can further include an evaporation heat exchanger 200 and a condensation heat exchanger 300.
[0039] In some implementation modes, the evaporation heat exchanger 200 in the vertical evaporation system can adopt a jacketed structure, high-temperature refrigerant can be input into the jacket, and the wastewater is outside the jacket, that is, the heat exchange surface facing the inside of the evaporator 100. In the working process of the vertical evaporation system, the high-temperature refrigerant can transfer heat to the wastewater in the evaporator through the heat exchange surface, so that the wastewater is heated, evaporated, and concentrated.
[0040] In some implementations, the condensing heat exchanger 300 is arranged in the evaporator 100 and located at the upper portion of the evaporator 100. A cooling medium is circulated in the condensing heat exchanger 300. The cooling medium can be a refrigerant or cold water. The steam generated by the evaporation of the waste water rises to the upper portion of the evaporator and exchanges heat with the condensing heat exchanger, so that the heat is transferred to the cooling medium in the condensing heat exchanger, thereby condensing into condensed water, which is collected and output outside the evaporator.
[0041] Optionally, a condensate tank 150 is arranged along the tank wall at the upper portion of the evaporator 100. The condensate tank 150 can be arranged around the tank wall. The condensing heat exchanger 300 can be a coil heat exchanger, and the coil is arranged in the condensate tank 150 in a circumferential manner. The condensed water generated by the condensation of the steam can be collected by the condensate tank and then output outside the evaporator.
[0042] It can be understood that other possible components can also be included in the vertical evaporation system, and in actual use, other possible components, assemblies, systems, etc. such as a heat pump system, a vacuum system, and a cooling system can also be connected. The present application does not limit this.
[0043] It should be understood that, in the description of the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. These directions and positional relationships are for ease of description and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the present application.
[0044] It should also be understood that, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "assembling", "fixing", etc. should be understood broadly, for example, they can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; they can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0045] It should also be understood that, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more.
[0046] The same or similar parts among the various embodiments in the specification can be referred to each other. The different implementations in the above embodiments can be combined with each other as long as they do not contradict each other. The above implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. An evaporator applied to a vertical evaporation system, characterized in that, a heat exchange surface is arranged at the bottom of the evaporator for heat exchange with an evaporation heat exchanger arranged outside the bottom of the evaporator; the heat exchange surface is a continuous surface, and along a direction from the outer periphery of the heat exchange surface to the center point of the heat exchange surface, the height of the heat exchange surface changes so that the longitudinal section of the heat exchange surface is a continuous broken line, the continuous broken line includes N valleys and N-1 peaks arranged at intervals with the N valleys, and a ring-shaped bottom surface is formed at the valleys, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1; at least one discharge port is arranged on the ring-shaped bottom surface; at least one scraper is further arranged in the evaporator, the at least one scraper is arranged on the heat exchange surface and can rotate to scrape the heat exchange surface.
2. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein, In the case of N being an even number, N / 2 coaxial ring-shaped bottom surfaces are formed on the heat exchange surface, and each of the ring-shaped bottom surfaces is provided with a discharge port.
3. The evaporator of claim 2, wherein, A scraper shaft is arranged at the center point of the heat exchange surface, the scraper shaft is connected with the at least one scraper and can be driven by a motor arranged outside the bottom of the evaporator to drive the at least one scraper to rotate.
4. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein, In the case of N being an odd number, (N-1) / 2 coaxial ring-shaped bottom surfaces are formed on the heat exchange surface, and each of the ring-shaped bottom surfaces and the center point of the heat exchange surface is provided with a discharge port.
5. The evaporator of claim 4, wherein, A scraper shaft is arranged at the center axis of the evaporator, the scraper shaft is connected with the at least one scraper, and the scraper shaft is driven by a motor arranged outside the top of the evaporator to drive the at least one scraper to rotate.
6. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein, The heat exchange surface has a double-cone structure with one ring-shaped bottom surface.
7. The evaporator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that A liquid level sensor is arranged above the heat exchange surface, and the height difference between the liquid level sensor and the heat exchange surface is less than a preset threshold, which is used to control the liquid level in the evaporator to be not higher than the position of the liquid level sensor.
8. An evaporative vertical system characterized in that, The evaporator according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is included.
9. The vertical evaporation system of claim 8, wherein, An evaporation heat exchanger and a condensation heat exchanger are further included; the evaporation heat exchanger is arranged outside the bottom of the evaporator, and the condensation heat exchanger is arranged in the evaporator and located at the upper part of the evaporator.
10. The vertical evaporation system of claim 9, wherein, A condensate tank is arranged along the tank wall of the upper part of the evaporator, and the condensation heat exchanger is a coil heat exchanger and is circumferentially distributed in the condensate tank.