Rainfall water and sediment collecting and monitoring device

Abstract

The utility model is suitable for the technical field of water and sediment monitoring, and provides a rainfall water and sediment collecting and monitoring device which comprises a base and a test tank hinged to the base. The sandstone layer, the geotechnical cloth and the soil layer are all arranged in the test tank, and the sandstone layer, the geotechnical cloth and the soil layer are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the collecting mechanism is arranged on the testing groove and used for monitoring and collecting the rain and sand loss condition, the collecting mechanism is composed of a flow meter, a rain gauge and a plurality of measuring cylinders, the flow meter and the rain gauge are both arranged at the top of the soil layer, and the measuring cylinders are all arranged on one side of the base. The rainfall water and sediment collecting and monitoring device provided by the scheme has the beneficial effects of adjustable gradient, real soil layer simulation, real-time monitoring, wide application and the like, and provides powerful technical support for research and application of the rainfall process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to water and sand monitoring technical field especially relates to a rainfall water and sand collection monitoring device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The rainfall water and sand collection monitoring device of indoor artificial rainfall is a kind of equipment specially designed for monitoring the water quantity and silt content in rainfall process under the condition of simulating rainfall indoors.

[0003] At present, the test tank of the traditional rainfall water and sand collection monitoring device is mostly arranged in an inclined manner, and the inclination angle is not adjustable, then the test tank is placed directly below the rainfall spray head, and rainfall is simulated by the rainfall spray head, but since the angle of the test tank is not adjustable, different slope (5 °, 25 °, etc.) conditions cannot be set, so that subsequent analysis of the specific influence of different slopes and different rainfall intensities on soil is not conducive. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0004] The utility model provides a rainfall water and sand collection monitoring device, to solve the problem of the test tank of the monitoring device used at present being unable to adjust inclination angle proposed in the above background technology.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the utility model is realized in this way, a rainfall water and sand collection monitoring device, comprising: base and test tank hinged on the base;Sand layer, geotextile and soil layer are all arranged in the test tank, and the sand layer, geotextile and soil layer are stacked in turn from bottom to top;Collection mechanism for monitoring and collecting rain and sand loss is arranged on the test tank, the collection mechanism is composed of flow meter, rain gauge and multiple measuring cylinders, the flow meter and rain gauge are arranged on the top of the soil layer, and multiple measuring cylinders are arranged on one side of the base;Hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the top of the base for adjusting the inclination angle of test tank, and the output rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the bottom of the test tank.

[0006] Preferably, the collection mechanism further comprises surface runoff collection pipe, interflow collection pipe and bottom layer infiltration collection pipe, the surface runoff collection pipe and interflow collection pipe are located on one side of red soil and yellow brown soil of the soil layer respectively, the bottom layer infiltration collection pipe is fixedly installed on the bottom of the test tank, and the surface runoff collection pipe, interflow collection pipe and bottom layer infiltration collection pipe are fixedly connected with multiple measuring cylinders respectively.

[0007] Preferably, a counterweight is fixedly installed on the top of the base, the counterweight is in contact with the bottom of the test tank, a baffle is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the test tank, and the baffle is located above the interflow collection pipe.

[0008] Preferably, one side of the test tank is fixedly provided with a handle, the test tank is provided with an observation window, and the glass material of the observation window is explosion-proof glass.

[0009] Preferably, one side of the test tank is provided with a discharge port, a cover plate is hingedly arranged in the discharge port, a sealing strip is arranged in the cover plate and the discharge port, the two sealing strips are in close contact, a U-shaped discharge hopper is fixedly arranged on one side of the test tank, and the U-shaped discharge hopper is located below the discharge port.

[0010] Preferably, one side of the cover plate is fixedly provided with a connecting barrel, one side of the U-shaped discharge hopper is slidably provided with a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is slidably connected with the connecting barrel.

[0011] Preferably, one side of the U-shaped discharge hopper is fixedly provided with a connecting box, a guide rod is fixedly arranged in the connecting box, a return spring and a sliding block are slidably arranged on the guide rod, one side of the sliding block is fixedly provided with a limiting plate, and the limiting plate is in sliding contact with the baffle of the connecting rod.

[0012] Compared with the related art, the rainfall water and sand collecting and monitoring device has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the rainfall water and sand collecting and monitoring device can flexibly adjust the inclination angle of the test tank through the adjustment of the hydraulic cylinder, so as to simulate different slope conditions, greatly expand the application range of the device, and enable researchers to more comprehensively analyze the specific influence of different slopes and different rainfall intensities on soil. A plurality of soil layers are arranged in the device, including a sand and stone layer, a geotextile, and different types of soil layers. The soil layers are stacked together to simulate the soil structure in nature. This design helps to more accurately study the water and sand loss characteristics of soil during the rainfall process.

[0014] In summary, the rainfall water and sand collecting and monitoring device has the beneficial effects of adjustable slope, simulated real soil layer, real-time monitoring, and wide application, and provides strong technical support for the research and application of the rainfall process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a use schematic view of the rainfall water and sand collecting and monitoring device provided by the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 is a front view and sectional view structure schematic view of the rainfall water and sand collecting and monitoring device provided by the utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 is a front view structure schematic view of the test tank provided by the utility model;

[0018] Figure 4 is a rear view sectional view structure schematic diagram of the pilot test tank provided by the utility model;

[0019] Figure 5 is an assembly drawing of the pilot test tank and the U-shaped discharge hopper provided by the utility model;

[0020] Figure 6 is an assembly drawing of the connecting rod, the connecting cylinder and the limiting plate provided by the utility model

[0021] Reference signs: 1, base; 2, test tank; 3, gravel layer; 4, geotextile; 5, soil layer; 6, collection mechanism; 61, flow meter; 62, rain gauge; 63, measuring cylinder; 7, surface runoff collection pipe; 8, interflow collection pipe; 9, bottom layer infiltration collection pipe; 10, counterweight; 11, hydraulic cylinder; 12, partition plate; 13, handle; 14, cover plate; 15, U-shaped discharge hopper; 16, connecting cylinder; 17, connecting rod; 18, connecting box; 19, guide rod; 20, return spring; 21, sliding block; 22, limiting plate; 23, observation window. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used in the description herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the description and the drawings are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the application; the terminology used in the description and the claims of the present application and the above description of the drawings includes the terms specifically mentioned above as well as their derivatives.

[0023] Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily all directed to the same embodiment, or to a single alternative embodiment. It is explicitly contemplated that embodiments described herein can be combined with each other.

[0024] The utility model embodiment provides a kind of rainfall water and sand collection monitoring device, such as Figures 1-6As shown, the rainfall water and sand collection and monitoring device comprises a base 1 and a test tank 2 hinged on the base 1; a sand layer 3, a geotextile 4 and a soil layer 5 all arranged in the test tank 2, the sand layer 3, the geotextile 4 and the soil layer 5 are stacked in turn from bottom to top; a collection mechanism 6 arranged on the test tank 2 for monitoring and collecting the loss of rainfall and sand, the collection mechanism 6 is composed of a flow meter 61, a rain gauge 62 and a plurality of measuring cylinders 63, the flow meter 61 and the rain gauge 62 are both arranged on the top of the soil layer 5, and a plurality of the measuring cylinders 63 are all arranged on one side of the base 1; a hydraulic cylinder 11 hinged on the top of the base 1 for adjusting the inclination angle of the test tank 2, the output rod of the hydraulic cylinder 11 is hinged with the bottom of the test tank 2.

[0025] In this embodiment, the test tank 2 is hinged on the base 1 and can rotate around the hinge point to change the inclination angle, so that the device can simulate different slope conditions, such as 5°, 25°, etc., the sand layer 3 is located at the bottom of the test tank 2 to simulate the bottom material in nature, which helps to study the erosion of water flow to the bottom material during rainfall, the geotextile 4 is laid on the sand layer 3 to play a role in separation and filtration, preventing particles in the sand layer 3 from mixing into the upper soil, and also helping to analyze the interaction between different soil layers 5, the soil layer 5 is composed of red soil and yellow-brown soil to simulate different types of soil conditions, these soil layers 5 are stacked on the geotextile 4 to study the water and sand loss characteristics of soil during rainfall, the flow meter 61 monitors and records the flow rate of water after passing through the soil layer 5, reflecting the permeability and soil erosion of the soil layer 5, the rain gauge 62 records the total rainfall to provide basic data for soil erosion analysis, and the lost sand and soil particles are discharged into the measuring cylinder 63 through a specific collection path for subsequent weighing and analysis, the measuring cylinder 63 is transparent, so that the operator can directly observe the amount and state of the sand and soil particles collected in the cylinder, at the same time, a scale is engraved on one side of the measuring cylinder 63, which makes the operator can more accurately measure and record the volume or weight of the lost sand and soil particles (by measuring the height of the particles in the measuring cylinder, combining the known bottom area of the measuring cylinder and the density of the particles to estimate), during the rainfall simulation experiment, the lost sand and soil particles are guided into the measuring cylinder 63, and the operator can obtain quantitative information about the soil erosion by observing the scale and recording the data;

[0026] By adjusting the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder 11, the inclination angle of the test tank 2 can be flexibly changed, thereby simulating different slope conditions. During the simulation of rainfall, the rainfall nozzle is placed directly above the test tank 2 to spray simulated rainfall into the test tank. As the rainfall proceeds, the water and sediment loss in the test tank 2 will be monitored and recorded in real time. By adjusting the hydraulic cylinder 11, the inclination angle of the test tank 2 can be flexibly adjusted to simulate different slope conditions. This design greatly expands the application range of the device, enabling researchers to more comprehensively analyze the specific effects of different slopes and different rainfall intensities on soil. The device is internally provided with multiple soil layers 5, including a sand and stone layer 3, a geotextile 4, and different types of soil layers 5. These soil layers 5 are stacked together to simulate the soil structure in nature. This design helps to more accurately study the water and sediment loss characteristics of soil during rainfall.

[0027] In further preferred embodiments of the present application, the collection mechanism further comprises a surface runoff collection pipe 7, a soil flow collection pipe 8, and a bottom layer infiltration collection pipe 9. The surface runoff collection pipe 7 and the soil flow collection pipe 8 are respectively located on one side of the red soil and yellow brown soil of the soil layer 5. The bottom layer infiltration collection pipe 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the test tank 2. The surface runoff collection pipe 7, the soil flow collection pipe 8, and the bottom layer infiltration collection pipe 9 are respectively fixedly connected with a plurality of the measuring cylinders 63.

[0028] In the present embodiment, through the surface runoff collection pipe 7, the soil flow collection pipe 8, and the bottom layer infiltration collection pipe 9, precise collection and monitoring of different water flow paths during rainfall are achieved. The surface runoff collection pipe 7 is located on one side of the soil surface layer (such as red soil or yellow brown soil) and is used to collect the water flow that flows directly on the ground after rainfall. The soil flow collection pipe 8 is located in the middle layer of the soil and is used to collect the water flow that flows inside the soil. The bottom layer infiltration collection pipe 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the test tank 2 and is used to collect the water flow that penetrates through the soil layer 5 and flows downward. These collection pipes are respectively fixedly connected with a plurality of measuring cylinders 63 to guide the collected water flow into the measuring cylinders for subsequent analysis and processing. Since the water flow characteristics of different water flow paths differ, separate collection and analysis can more accurately reflect the actual situation of water and soil loss during rainfall, which helps to improve the accuracy and reliability of the data. Through the surface runoff collection pipe 7, the soil flow collection pipe 8, and the bottom layer infiltration collection pipe 9, the test tank 2 can more comprehensively collect and monitor the water and sediment loss of different flow states during rainfall, which helps to more deeply understand the water and sediment loss characteristics and erosion mechanism of soil during rainfall, providing rich data support for researchers. These data can be used to analyze the effects of rainfall intensity, slope, soil type, and other factors on soil erosion and water and soil loss, as well as the interaction between different flow states.

[0029] The further preferable embodiment of the utility model discloses, the top fixed mounting of base 1 has counterweight 10, counterweight 10 with the bottom of test groove 2 contact, the inner wall one side fixed mounting of test groove 2 has baffle 12, baffle 12 is located in the above of soil flow collection pipe 8 pipe orifice.

[0030] In the embodiment, in the process of simulating rainfall, the rainfall nozzle continues to spray simulated rainfall into the test tank, the counterweight 10 ensures the stability of the test tank 2, prevents it from shaking or tilting, at the same time, the baffle 12 guides the soil flow to flow more smoothly into the soil flow collection pipe 8, while the surface runoff and the bottom infiltration flow are collected by the surface runoff collection pipe 7 and the bottom infiltration collection pipe 9 respectively, the water quantity and the sediment content of each flow state will be monitored and recorded in real time, the addition of the counterweight 10 significantly improves the stability of the test tank 2, prevents the test tank from shaking or tilting due to water flow scouring and soil erosion during the simulation of rainfall, helps to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results, and improves the scientificity and reliability of the research.

[0031] In the further preferable embodiment of the utility model, a handle 13 is fixedly installed on one side of the test tank 2, and an observation window 23 is installed on the test tank 2.

[0032] In the embodiment, the design of the observation window 23 enables the operator to clearly observe the internal test conditions without opening the test tank 2, and the use of the explosion-proof glass ensures that the observation window 23 will not break or explode under extreme conditions such as high pressure or high temperature, thereby ensuring the safety of the operator.

[0033] In the further preferable embodiment of the utility model, a discharge port is formed on one side of the test tank 2, a cover plate 14 is hingedly connected in the discharge port, a sealing strip is installed in the cover plate 14 and the discharge port, the two sealing strips are in close contact, a U-shaped discharge hopper 15 is fixedly installed on one side of the test tank 2, and the U-shaped discharge hopper 15 is located below the discharge port.

[0034] In the embodiment, after the test is completed, the operator can open the cover plate 14 to smoothly discharge the soil and residues in the test tank 2 through the discharge port and the U-shaped discharge hopper 15, which facilitates the replacement of different types of soil and further facilitates the test operation of different soils. The design of the discharge port, the cover plate 14 and the U-shaped discharge hopper 15 makes the cleaning work of the test tank 2 more convenient and efficient, and the operator does not need to disassemble or overturn the entire test tank 2 to quickly discharge the soil and residues, saving time and effort.

[0035] The further preferable embodiment of the utility model further provides a connecting tube 16 is fixedly installed on one side of the cover plate 14, a connecting rod 17 is slidably arranged on one side of the U-shaped discharge hopper 15, and the connecting rod 17 is slidably connected with the connecting tube 16.

[0036] In the embodiment, after the test is completed, the operator can hold the connecting rod 17, slide along the connecting tube 16, remove the connecting rod 17, then stably open the cover plate 14, make the soil and residues in the test tank 2 smoothly discharge through the discharge port and the U-shaped discharge hopper 15, after the discharge is completed, close the cover plate 14, insert the connecting rod 17 into the connecting tube 16, fix the cover plate 14, and ensure the sealing property and integrity of the test tank 2.

[0037] The further preferable embodiment of the utility model further provides a connecting tube 16 is fixedly installed on one side of the cover plate 14, a connecting rod 17 is slidably arranged on one side of the U-shaped discharge hopper 15, and the connecting rod 17 is slidably connected with the connecting tube 16.

[0038] In the embodiment, when the cover plate 14 is fixed, the operator first slidably connects the connecting tube 16 with the connecting rod 17, limits the cover plate 14, at this time, the baffle of the connecting rod 17 is closely attached to one side of the U-shaped discharge hopper 15, then the operator slides the limiting plate 22 downwards, makes the sliding block 21 slide downwards along the sliding track of the guide rod 19, and the reset spring 20 resets, when the limiting plate 22 slides to one side of the baffle, the elastic force of the reset spring 20 tightly presses the sliding block 21 and the limiting plate 22 on the baffle, limiting of the baffle is realized, in this way, the connecting rod 17 is stably locked in the connecting tube 16, and the cover plate 14 is stably connected on the U-shaped discharge hopper 15, when the cover plate 14 needs to be opened, the operator can push the limiting plate 22 upwards, make the sliding block 21 slide upwards along the sliding track of the guide rod 19, and the reset spring 20 is compressed, when the limiting plate 22 completely leaves the baffle, the connecting rod 17 can freely slide, thereby the cover plate 14 is opened.

[0039] To sum up, compared with the related art, the device has the beneficial effects of adjustable slope, real soil layer 5 simulation, real-time monitoring and wide application, and provides powerful technical support for the research and application of the rainfall process.

[0040] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed device can be implemented in other ways.

[0041] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Obviously, the described examples are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on these examples, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, those of ordinary skill in the art can still combine, add or delete the features in the embodiments of the present application according to the circumstances without creative labor, so as to obtain different other technical solutions which do not deviate from the concept of the present application in essence, and these technical solutions also fall within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A rainfall and sediment collection and monitoring device, characterized in that, include: A base and a test slot hinged to the base; The sand and gravel layer, geotextile and soil layer are all placed in the test tank, and the sand and gravel layer, geotextile and soil layer are stacked in sequence from bottom to top; A collection mechanism is installed on the test tank to monitor and collect data on rain and sand loss. The collection mechanism consists of a flow meter, a rain gauge, and multiple measuring cylinders. The flow meter and rain gauge are both located at the top of the soil layer, and the multiple measuring cylinders are located on one side of the base. A hydraulic cylinder hinged to the top of the base for adjusting the tilt angle of the test tank, the output rod of the hydraulic cylinder being hinged to the bottom of the test tank.

2. The rainfall and sediment collection and monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The collection mechanism also includes a surface runoff collection pipe, a soil interflow collection pipe, and a subsurface infiltration collection pipe. The surface runoff collection pipe and the soil interflow collection pipe are located on one side of the red soil and yellow-brown soil of the soil layer, respectively. The subsurface infiltration collection pipe is fixedly installed at the bottom of the test trench. The surface runoff collection pipe, the soil interflow collection pipe, and the subsurface infiltration collection pipe are fixedly connected to multiple measuring cylinders.

3. The rainfall and sediment collection and monitoring device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A counterweight is fixedly installed on the top of the base, and the counterweight is in contact with the bottom of the test tank. A partition is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the test tank, and the partition is located above the inlet of the soil flow collection pipe.

4. The rainfall and sediment collection and monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A handle is fixedly installed on one side of the test tank, and an observation window is installed on the test tank. The glass of the observation window is made of explosion-proof glass.

5. The rainfall and sediment collection and monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A discharge port is provided on one side of the test tank. A cover plate is hinged inside the discharge port. Sealing strips are installed in both the cover plate and the discharge port. The two sealing strips are in close contact. A U-shaped discharge hopper is fixedly installed on one side of the test tank. The U-shaped discharge hopper is located below the discharge port.

6. The rainfall and sediment collection and monitoring device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A connecting cylinder is fixedly installed on one side of the cover plate, and a connecting rod is slidably provided on one side of the U-shaped discharge hopper. The connecting rod is slidably connected to the connecting cylinder.

7. The rainfall and sediment collection and monitoring device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, A connecting box is fixedly installed on one side of the U-shaped discharge hopper. A guide rod is fixedly installed inside the connecting box. A return spring and a slider are slidably sleeved on the guide rod. A limit plate is fixedly installed on one side of the slider. The limit plate slides in contact with the baffle of the connecting rod.

Images