Toroidal field coil and nuclear fusion reaction device

Abstract

The utility model provides a toroidal field coil and a nuclear fusion reaction device, the toroidal field coil comprises a skeleton structure, a coil winding and two cold conduction sheets, and the skeleton structure, the coil winding and the cold conduction sheets are all annular; the skeleton structure comprises a skeleton main body and two step parts protruding from the skeleton main body; the framework body is provided with an inner ring face, an outer ring face and two side faces, and the two side faces are connected with the two sides of the inner ring face and the two sides of the outer ring face respectively. The two step parts protrude from the two side faces respectively, and the outer ring face protrudes towards the outside of the ring relative to the step parts. The coil winding is sleeved on the outer ring surface; and the two cold conduction sheets are respectively sleeved on the step surfaces of the two step parts, protrude relative to the outer ring surface, and transmit cold energy to the coil winding. The toroidal field coil is high in working stability, and correspondingly, the nuclear fusion reaction effect can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion, and in particular to a toroidal field coil and a nuclear fusion reaction device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of nuclear fusion reaction technology, research on nuclear fusion reaction devices is becoming more and more extensive.

[0003] A nuclear fusion reaction device includes a reaction chamber for performing a nuclear fusion reaction, and a plurality of coils (such as a central solenoid coil, a poloidal field coil, and a toroidal field coil). Plasma is generated in the reaction chamber, and the plasma is controlled by a magnetic field generated by the coils, so that the plasma is heated to a fusion reaction temperature to occur a nuclear fusion reaction. The working stability of the coils is crucial to the realization of nuclear fusion reaction.

[0004] The working stability of the toroidal field coil in the current nuclear fusion reaction device still needs to be improved. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present application provides a toroidal field coil and a nuclear fusion reaction device, the working stability of the toroidal field coil is higher, and the corresponding nuclear fusion reaction effect can be improved.

[0006] According to an aspect of the present application, a toroidal field coil is provided, comprising a skeleton structure, a coil winding and two cold-lead plates, the skeleton structure, the coil winding and the cold-lead plates are all annular;

[0007] The skeleton structure comprises a skeleton main body and two stepped portions protruding from the skeleton main body; the skeleton main body has an inner annular surface, an outer annular surface and two side surfaces, the two side surfaces are respectively connected to two sides of the inner annular surface and the outer annular surface; the two stepped portions are respectively protruded from the two side surfaces, and the outer annular surface protrudes outward relative to the stepped portions;

[0008] The coil winding is sleeved on the outer annular surface; the two cold-lead plates are respectively sleeved on the stepped surfaces of the two stepped portions, and both protrude relative to the outer annular surface to transfer cold energy to the coil winding.

[0009] According to an aspect of the present application, a nuclear fusion reaction device is provided, comprising a reaction chamber, a central solenoid coil, a poloidal field coil and the above-mentioned toroidal field coil.

[0010] In the embodiment of the present application, the two sides of the coil winding of the toroidal field coil are provided with cooling fins, and the cooling capacity can be transmitted to the coil winding from the two sides of the coil winding, so as to better ensure the working temperature requirement of the coil winding. The two sides of the main body of the skeleton structure of the toroidal field coil are respectively provided with stepped portions, and the two cooling fins are respectively sleeved on the stepped surfaces of the two stepped portions, so that the cooling fins can be installed by relying on the stepped portions, and the installation process can be simplified. The cooling fins can also limit the coil winding, facilitate the structural stability of the coil winding during work, and further improve the overall working reliability of the toroidal field coil, and accordingly improve the fusion reaction effect of the nuclear fusion reaction device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a toroidal field coil provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0012] Figure 2 is a sectional schematic diagram of a toroidal field coil provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a skeleton structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0014] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another skeleton structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0015] Figure 5 is a sectional schematic diagram of another toroidal field coil provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a main body of a skeleton provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a cooling fin provided by the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be practiced in a variety of ways beyond the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the present application, and skilled persons in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0019] The terminology used in this disclosure of one or more embodiments is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of one or more embodiments. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The term "at least one," as used in this disclosure, means "one or more," and the term "multiple" means "two or more." The term "comprising" is an open term, which is intended to mean "including but not limited to" and thus specifies the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof.

[0020] It is to be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc. can be used herein to describe various information, these terms are not intended to denote a particular order or priority among the information. Rather, these terms are used to distinguish one from another. For example, a first entity discussed below could be termed a second entity, and, similarly, a second entity could be termed a first entity without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments. As used herein, the term "if' can be construed to mean "when" or "in response to determining" or "if a determination is made" depending on the context.

[0021] Nuclear fusion refers to a process in which two lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, and release energy. A common way of nuclear fusion is that deuterium or tritium under certain conditions (such as ultra-high temperature and high pressure) undergo nuclear fusion to generate a new atomic nucleus with heavier mass, accompanied by huge energy release. Nuclear fusion energy has the characteristics of high energy density, abundant raw material reserves, safety, environmental protection and cleanliness, and is the ideal energy of the future. Accordingly, nuclear fusion reaction devices are widely studied, and the tokamak device is a controllable nuclear fusion reaction device that is studied more.

[0022] The tokamak nuclear fusion reactor device includes a toroidal reaction chamber for carrying out nuclear fusion, and a toroidal field (TF) coil, a center solenoid (CS) coil, a poloidal field (PF) coil, and the like, and the CS coil is also called an Ohmic coil. The current change of the Ohmic coil provides the volt-second (which is the unit of magnetic flux based on the transformer principle) required for generating, establishing and maintaining the plasma current. The poloidal magnetic field generated by the poloidal field coil controls the plasma cross-sectional shape and position balance; the toroidal magnetic field generated by the toroidal field coil ensures the macroscopic overall stability of the plasma; the toroidal magnetic field and the poloidal magnetic field generated by the plasma current together constitute the magnetic field configuration of the magnetic field line rotation transformation and the magnetic surface structure nesting to confine the plasma. Through this series of control of the magnetic field on the plasma, the plasma can reach the fusion reaction condition to occur nuclear fusion reaction. Since the realization of nuclear fusion reaction depends on the magnetic field generated by each coil, the structural stability of each coil and the stability of the magnetic field formed during the working process will directly affect the effect of nuclear fusion reaction.

[0023] The toroidal field coil generally includes a skeleton structure and a coil winding wound by high-temperature superconducting tapes on the coil skeleton. Compared with traditional coil preparation materials such as copper or aluminum, the high-temperature superconducting tapes have higher current density and can generate stronger toroidal magnetic field, thereby ensuring higher overall stability of the plasma in the nuclear fusion reactor device. The high-temperature superconducting tapes have strict requirements on the ambient temperature, and the high-temperature superconducting tapes need to be in a low-temperature environment below 77K (Kelvin) during current conduction, so as to ensure that the high-temperature superconducting tapes have smaller resistance and can withstand higher current, thereby generating a toroidal magnetic field meeting the requirements and correspondingly ensuring higher overall working stability of the toroidal field coil. The structural stability of the high-temperature superconducting tapes during the winding process and the working process also affects the working stability of the toroidal field coil.

[0024] The embodiment of the present application provides a toroidal field coil, which can better ensure that the coil winding is in a low-temperature environment and also ensure that the structural stability of the coil winding is high, thereby improving the working stability of the toroidal field coil and correspondingly improving the nuclear fusion reaction effect. The embodiment of the present application also relates to a nuclear fusion reactor device, which includes the toroidal field coil. The toroidal field coil in the embodiment of the present application can be used for a spherical tokamak, that is, the nuclear fusion reactor device can be a spherical tokamak.

[0025] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a toroidal field coil provided by the embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a toroidal field coil provided by the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 2 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 1 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 1 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 2 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example,

[0026] A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 3 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 4 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 4 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 3 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 3 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 4 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example,

[0027] A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example,

[0028] A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 1 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, Figure 2 A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example, A schematic view of a target cross section of a toroidal field coil, which can be a plane perpendicular to the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil. For example,

[0029] In some embodiments, the stepped portions 102 can only be distributed in part of the side surface where they are located, for example, the stepped portions 102 are arc-shaped and located in the arc-shaped section of the B-shaped annular side surface. A plurality of stepped portions 102 can also be protruded on one side surface of the skeleton main body 101, and gaps can exist between the plurality of stepped portions 102. In some embodiments, the inner annular surface of the stepped portion 102 can also not be flush with the inner annular surface M1 of the skeleton main body 101, for example, the inner annular surface of the stepped portion 102 can protrude or retract a certain distance relative to the inner annular surface M1 of the skeleton main body 101.

[0030] The skeleton structure 10 of the embodiments of the present application is used to provide support for other components in the toroidal field coil 00. The coil winding 20 in the toroidal field coil 00 is sleeved on the outer annular surface M2. The coil winding 20 can be wound in the toroidal direction along the outer annular surface M2 by a conductive material (such as a superconducting tape). Two cooling fins 30 are respectively sleeved on the stepped surfaces T of the two stepped portions 102, and protrude radially outward relative to the outer annular surface M2, and the cooling fins 30 are used to transmit cold to the coil winding 20. In this way, the cooling fins 30 can be close to the coil winding 20, facilitating the transmission of cold. The cooling fins 30 can be arranged close to the connecting surface between the stepped portion 102 and the outer annular surface M2.

[0031] In the embodiments of the present application, the outer edge of the cooling fin 30 can be flush with the outer edge of the coil winding 20, so as to uniformly transmit cold to all parts of the coil winding 20. In some embodiments, the outer edge of the cooling fin 30 can also have some height difference with the outer edge of the coil winding 20, for example, the outer edge of the cooling fin 30 can protrude or retract a certain distance relative to the outer edge of the coil winding 20, which is not limited here.

[0032] The material of the cooling fin 30 can include anodized aluminum, or can also include copper or aluminum after insulation, etc. The cooling fin 30 can be connected with a refrigeration device, and the refrigeration device transmits cold to the cooling fin 30, and then the cooling fin 30 transmits the cold to the coil winding 20, so that the coil winding 20 is in a low-temperature environment, ensuring its working reliability. The refrigeration device is not additionally expanded in the embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments, by placing the toroidal field coil 00 in a liquid nitrogen environment, the cold in the liquid nitrogen environment can be transmitted to the coil winding 20 through the cooling fin 30, so that the coil winding 20 can work in a required low-temperature environment.

[0033] In the embodiments of the present application, the material of the skeleton structure 10 can include a material with relatively large rigidity, such as metal or stainless steel, for example, the material can be 304 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel. Please continue to refer to Figure 2The skeleton structure 10 further comprises an insulation layer 103 attached to the outer ring surface M2 of the skeleton main body 101, which can be used to separate the skeleton main body 101 and the coil winding 20, avoid the working influence of the skeleton structure 10 on the coil winding 20, and ensure the working stability of the coil winding 20. For example, the material of the insulation layer 103 can include Teflon or other insulating materials, and the insulation layer 103 can be formed by plating. The thickness of the insulation layer 103 ranges from 0.1 mm to 1 mm, for example, 0.2 mm. It should be noted that the sizes of various components involved in the embodiments of the present application are examples, and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0034] In some embodiments, the width of the outer ring surface M2 in the skeleton main body 101 ranges from 3 mm to 30 mm, that is, Figure 4 d1 satisfies 3 mm≤d1≤30 mm. In some embodiments, 3 mm≤d1≤23 mm, or 5 mm≤d1≤30 mm, for example, d1=13 mm. The width of the outer ring surface M2 is wider than the width of the coil winding 20. The width of the step surface T of each step portion 102 ranges from 2 mm to 20 mm, that is, Figure 4 d2 satisfies 1.5 mm≤d2≤20 mm. In some embodiments, 1.5 mm≤d2≤10 mm, or 2 mm≤d2≤20 mm, for example, d2=3.5 mm. The width of the step surface T is the height of the step portion 102, which is the height in the direction perpendicular to the side surface of the skeleton main body 101. The width of the step surface T is greater than the thickness of the cooling fin 30.

[0035] In some embodiments, the ring width of the cooling fin 30 ranges from 3 mm to 23 mm, for example, 13 mm. The ring width is the distance between the inner ring surface and the outer ring surface in the radial direction. The thickness of the cooling fin 30 ranges from 0.5 mm to 9 mm, for example, 0.5 mm.

[0036] In the toroidal field coil 00 of the embodiments of the present application, the coil winding 20 is wound on the outer ring surface M2 of the skeleton main body 101, the step portions 102 are arranged on both sides of the skeleton main body 101, and the cooling fins 30 are arranged on the step surfaces T of the step portions 102, and the cooling fins 30 protrude relative to the outer ring surface M2. This is equivalent to that the coil winding 20 is sandwiched between two cooling fins 30, and the two cooling fins 30 can respectively transmit cold to the coil winding 20 from both sides of the coil winding 20, to ensure that the temperature of the coil winding 20 is low. Moreover, the arrangement of the step portions 102 can make the cooling fins 30 play a limiting role on both sides of the outer ring surface M2, thereby preventing the coil winding 20 from falling off or shifting during the working process, and improving the working stability of the coil winding 20.

[0037] Furthermore, during the process of winding the high-temperature superconducting tape onto the skeleton structure 10 to form the coil winding 20, the stepped portion 102 can be used to more conveniently fix the skeleton structure 10 and limit the position of the high-temperature superconducting tape, which can improve the reliability and convenience of forming the coil winding 20. When winding the high-temperature superconducting tape, a winding substrate is required to ensure that the different turns of the superconducting tape are aligned with each other; the stepped portion 102 can also facilitate the fixing of the winding substrate.

[0038] During the process of winding superconducting tape onto the skeleton structure 10 to form the coil winding 20, a certain force is applied to the skeleton structure 10, and the coil winding 20 vibrates during operation, also applying a certain force to the skeleton structure 10. To ensure the stability of the toroidal field coil 00, it is necessary to ensure that the skeleton structure 10 remains stable even under a certain degree of force. In this embodiment, the presence of the stepped portion 102 results in a higher thickness at the location of the stepped portion 102 in the skeleton structure 10, which correspondingly increases the strength of this part, thereby increasing the overall strength and stability of the skeleton structure. This reduces the probability of deformation of the skeleton structure 10 during the winding of the superconducting tape and the operation of the coil winding 20, ensuring high operational stability of the toroidal field coil 00, and consequently improving the nuclear fusion reaction effect of the nuclear fusion reactor where the toroidal field coil 00 is located.

[0039] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the circumferential field coil 00 may include a coil winding 20. Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another circumferential field coil provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the toroidal field coil 00 may also include two coil windings 20 to provide a higher current density and generate a stronger magnetic field. In this case, the toroidal field coil 00 may also include an annular splitter 40. Both the two coil windings 20 and the splitter 40 are fitted onto the outer annular surface M2 of the frame body 101, with the splitter 40 located between the two coil windings 20. The splitter 40 may be located at the centerline of the outer annular surface M2 to ensure that the width of the areas on both sides of the splitter 40 is the same, thus guaranteeing the symmetrical arrangement of the coil windings 20. The splitter 40 is made of insulating material.

[0040] The two coil windings 20 can form a double-panel coil, with each coil winding 20 serving as a single pancake in the double-panel coil. The inner turns of the two coil windings 20 are connected, such as by superconducting strip terminal connections in the inner turns of the two coil windings 20. The separator 40 is used to insulate the portion of the two coil windings 20 outside the inner turns, ensuring the operational stability of the coil windings 20.

[0041] In some embodiments, the toroidal field coil 00 can also include three, four or even more coil windings 20, and a split 40 can be provided between each two adjacent coil windings 20. In some embodiments, the material of the split 40 can be an epoxy plate or an insulating G10 plate. The G10 plate is a high-performance composite material, which is a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin laminate. The G10 plate is formed by impregnating multiple layers of glass fiber cloth with epoxy resin and then pressing under high temperature and high pressure.

[0042] In some embodiments, the width of the coil winding 20 can range from 2 mm to 12 mm, and the strip material forming the coil winding can be selected from among four strip materials with widths of 2 mm, 4 mm, 8 mm or 12 mm. The stacking thickness of a single turn of the strip material in the coil winding 20 can range from 1 mm to 20 mm, such as 4 mm. The ring width (i.e., the height) of the split 40 can be adjusted based on the stacking thickness of the strip material, such as the ring width of the split 40 being equal to the stacking thickness of the strip material. The ring width of the split 40 can range from 1 mm to 20 mm, such as 4 mm. In some embodiments, the split 40 can also be higher than the coil winding 20. The thickness of the split 40 can range from 0.1 mm to 5 mm, such as 2 mm.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, the coil winding 20 is in direct contact with the cooling plate 30. In some embodiments, referring to Figure 5 , a gap can exist between the coil winding 20 and the cooling plate 30, which is enclosed by the outer ring surface M2 of the skeleton body, the coil winding 20 and the cooling plate 30. The toroidal field coil 00 further includes a layer of impregnated material 50 filled in the gap based on the foregoing structure. The layer of impregnated material 50 is formed after the coil winding 20 and the cooling plate 30 are both installed. The cooling plate 30 can act as a blocking tool during the curing of the layer of impregnated material 50. For example, the layer of impregnated material 50 can be obtained by filling impregnated material into the gap and curing the impregnated material. The layer of impregnated material 50 can be used to fix the coil winding 20 and also to conduct heat away from the coil winding 20, transferring the cooling capacity of the cooling plate 30 to the coil winding 20. If the material of the cooling plate 30 is an electrically conductive material, the layer of impregnated material 50 can also be used to insulate the cooling plate 30 from the coil winding 20.

[0044] For example, the gap can have a width of about 1.5 mm. The actual width of the gap can be adjusted according to the specific structure. The impregnated material can include epoxy resin. It should be noted that epoxy resin is a thermosetting plastic that can form a very strong and chemical corrosion resistant material after curing. The epoxy resin includes but is not limited to CTC520, CRT1132, IR-3, 2850 epoxy curing glue configured by 2850FT and CAT9 curing agent, etc. The specific material actually used is selected according to the actual situation, and the embodiments of the present application do not make any limitation on this. In the embodiments of the present application, the width of the outer ring surface M2 of the skeleton main body 101 can be equal to the sum of the width of the coil winding 20, the thickness of the channel sheet 40 and the thickness of the impregnated material layer 50.

[0045] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 5 , the toroidal field coil 00 further includes two annular pressing plates 60 on the basis of the foregoing structure. The two pressing plates 60 are respectively sleeved on the step surfaces T of the two stepped portions 102 of the skeleton structure 10 and are located on the side of the cold-lead sheet 30 away from the skeleton main body 101, that is, on the outermost side of the toroidal field coil 00. The pressing plate 60 serves as a fastening tool for pressing and fixing the cold-lead sheet 30. In the case of providing the impregnated material layer 50, it is convenient for the curing of the impregnated material. The material of the pressing plate 60 is an insulating material, which can be a G10 plate. In some embodiments, the ring width of the pressing plate 60 ranges from 3 mm to 23 mm, which can be 13 mm; the thickness of the pressing plate 60 ranges from 1 mm to 9 mm, which can be 3 mm.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present application, the assembled toroidal field coil 00 can include the pressing plate, the cold-lead sheet, the impregnated material layer, the coil winding, the channel sheet, the coil winding, the impregnated material layer, the cold-lead sheet and the pressing plate which are sequentially stacked. In some embodiments, a plurality of toroidal field coils 00 can be stacked to form a larger coil, and in this kind of mode, the pressing plate 60 can be used to insulate different toroidal field coils 00 from each other.

[0047] The skeleton main body 101 and the cold-lead sheet 30 can have a communication fixing hole (indicated by a dashed line in Figure 5 ), which can be located in the region of the skeleton main body 101 where the stepped portion 102 is not protruded. The toroidal field coil 00 can further include a fixing screw (not shown in the figure), which is sequentially inserted into the fixing hole on the cold-lead sheet 30 and the fixing hole on the skeleton main body 101 to fix the cold-lead sheet 30 and the skeleton structure 10. In some embodiments, the fixing screw can include two sub-screws, which are respectively inserted into the fixing hole on the cold-lead sheet 30 and the fixing hole on the skeleton main body 101 from the sides where the two cold-lead sheets 30 are located to fix the cold-lead sheet 30 and the skeleton structure 10.

[0048] In some embodiments, the fixing holes on the skeleton body 101 can be M4-6H tapped holes, and the center of the fixing holes can be 4.7 mm away from the outermost side of the skeleton structure 10. The center of the fixing holes on the cooling fin 30 can be 8.7 mm away from the outer side of the cooling fin, and the distance can be adjusted as required, which is not limited here.

[0049] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 The pressing plate 60 also has fixing holes that communicate with the cooling fin 30 and the skeleton body 101, and the fixing screws can be sequentially inserted into the fixing holes on the pressing plate 60, the fixing holes on the cooling fin 30, and the fixing holes on the skeleton body 101 to fix the pressing plate 60, the cooling fin 30, and the skeleton structure 10. The fixing holes on the pressing plate 60 can be tapered through holes. In some embodiments, the center of the through hole can be 8.7 mm away from the outer side of the pressing plate 60, the taper can be 90 degrees outwardly, and the depth can be 2.7 mm. The distance, opening angle, and depth can be adjusted as required, which is not limited here.

[0050] In the embodiments of the present application, the number of fixing holes on each component in the toroidal field coil 00 is taken as an example, which is 18. These fixing holes can be uniformly distributed along the toroidal direction of the coil. The number of fixing holes can also be adjusted as required, which is not limited here.

[0051] In the embodiments of the present application, the skeleton structure 10, the coil winding 20, the cooling fin 30, the channeling sheet 40, and the pressing plate 60 in the toroidal field coil 00 are all in the shape of a D-shaped ring. Since these components need to be assembled with each other, the shapes and sizes of these components need to be matched. The shapes and sizes of these components are introduced below, which can be referred to each other to some extent.

[0052] The toroidal field coil 00 provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a spherical tokamak device. A tokamak device with a toroidal aspect ratio less than or equal to 2 can be referred to as a spherical tokamak device. The toroidal aspect ratio of the spherical tokamak device to which the toroidal field coil 00 in the embodiments of the present application is applied can be relatively large. For example, the toroidal aspect ratio is 1.8, the toroidal aspect ratio of the skeleton structure 10 is also 1.8, and the width of the D-shaped skeleton structure 10 in the transverse direction of the “D” can be relatively small. In this way, the superconducting tape has a larger turning radius during winding on the skeleton structure 10, and the degree of bending of the superconducting tape is smaller. The superconducting tape can be fully protected during winding, thereby reducing the damage risk of the obtained toroidal field coil 00 and ensuring the safety of the toroidal field coil 00 during operation. The toroidal aspect ratios of other components in the toroidal field coil 00 are close to the toroidal aspect ratio of the skeleton structure 10.

[0053] If the ring diameter ratio is reduced, the skeleton structure 10 will be more pointed, making it more difficult for the high-temperature superconducting tape to be wound, and the tape in the top corner section of the skeleton structure 10 is more likely to be damaged, increasing the engineering difficulty. If the ring diameter ratio is increased, the skeleton structure 10 will be more rounded, and the cost of winding the high-temperature superconducting tape and other supporting facilities will increase exponentially, which is not conducive to the large-scale use of commercialized tokamak devices and will reduce economic benefits. Therefore, the ring diameter ratio is set to 1.8 to reduce the difficulty of winding the tape, ensure the preparation quality, and reduce the cost.

[0054] The specific shape and size of the skeleton structure 10 can be determined based on the ring diameter ratio, and the skeleton structure 10 can be proportionally increased or reduced to obtain skeleton structures 10 of different sizes to be suitable for different nuclear fusion reaction devices while ensuring that the ring diameter ratio remains unchanged. For example, the size can be scaled between 0.25 and 10 times based on a certain set size, and the center angles of the curved portions in the skeleton structure 10 remain unchanged during scaling, and only the size is scaled. Similarly, the coil winding 20, the cold-lead sheet 30, the channel sheet 40, and the pressing plate 60 can also be scaled in size synchronously with the skeleton structure 10. The specific shape and size of each component in the toroidal field coil 00 are described below.

[0055] In some embodiments, the skeleton body 101 in the skeleton structure 10 can be regarded as being formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of skeleton sections end to end. The annular stepped portion 102 can also be regarded as being formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of stepped sections end to end, and the structure and parameters of each stepped section can be similar to those of the plurality of skeleton sections, except that the outer ring is retracted by a certain distance. Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a skeleton body provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 6 the skeleton body 101 includes a skeleton straight section D11, a first skeleton top corner section D12, a skeleton arc section D13, and a second skeleton top corner section D14 connected end to end.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present application, each face of the skeleton straight section D11 is not a plane, for example, the outer ring face is an arc face slightly convex outward, and the inner ring face is a plane. In this way, it can be ensured that during the winding process of the superconducting tape, stable tension can also be maintained at the skeleton straight end D11, ensuring good contact between turns of the obtained coil, avoiding problems such as coil sagging after multiple cold and hot cycles of the coil, and protecting the tape from being damaged and improving the self-protection ability of the coil.

[0057] For example, the outer annular surface radius of the straight section D11 ranges from 0.25*10705.88 mm to 10*10705.88 mm, and the central angle of the outer annular surface is 4.96 degrees. The outer annular surface radius can be 10705.88 mm. In some embodiments, the length of the straight section D11 ranges from 0.25*794.14 mm to 10*794.14 mm, which can be the length of the inner annular surface of the straight section D11. The length can be 794.14 mm. The step surface radius of the step portion in the straight section D11 ranges from 0.25*10695.88 mm to 10*10695.88 mm, and the central angle of the step surface is 4.96 degrees. In the embodiments of the present application, the step portion in each section of the skeleton main body 101 refers to the partial step section corresponding to the section in the step portion 102.

[0058] The first skeleton top corner section D12 and the second skeleton top corner section D14 can be symmetrical about the middle line L1 of the skeleton main body 101, and the parameters of the first skeleton top corner section D12 and the second skeleton top corner section D14 can be the same. For any one of the first skeleton top corner section D12 and the second skeleton top corner section D14, the outer annular surface radius of the top corner section ranges from 0.25*43.4 mm to 10*43.4 mm, the central angle of the outer annular surface is 114.83 degrees, the inner annular surface radius ranges from 0.25*45 mm to 10*45 mm, and the central angle of the inner annular surface is 124.71 degrees. The outer annular surface radius can be 43.4 mm, and the inner annular surface radius can be 45 mm. The step surface radius of the step portion in the top corner section ranges from 0.25*33.4 mm to 10*33.4 mm, which can be 33.4 mm, and the central angle of the step surface is 114.83 degrees.

[0059] The outer annular surface radius of the skeleton arc section D13 ranges from 0.25*563 mm to 10*563 mm, the central angle of the outer annular surface is 125.36 degrees, the inner annular surface radius ranges from 0.25*528 mm to 10*528 mm, and the central angle of the inner annular surface is 110.59 degrees. The outer annular surface radius can be 563 mm, and the inner annular surface radius can be 533 mm. The step surface radius of the step portion in the skeleton arc section D13 ranges from 0.25*553 mm to 10*553 mm, which can be 553 mm, and the central angle of the step surface is 125.38 degrees.

[0060] In the embodiments of the present application, the material of the step portion 102 and the skeleton main body 101 can be stainless steel, such as 304 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel. The step portion 102 and the skeleton main body 101 can be integrally formed. For example, an annular material can be machined by cutting, polishing or the like to obtain the skeleton structure 10.

[0061] In the embodiments of the present application, a plurality of mounting holes (such asFigure 1 The plurality of mounting holes K can be uniformly distributed in the ring direction of the skeleton structure 10. The center point of the mounting hole can be 12.5 mm away from the innermost side of the skeleton structure. Screws can be arranged in the mounting hole K, which is used to fix the winding base plate during the winding of the superconducting tape, or to fix the whole toroidal field coil on the corresponding bearing structure of the nuclear fusion reactor after the winding of the coil is completed. Screws can also be arranged in the mounting hole K to assemble a plurality of toroidal field coils.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, the structures of the cooling sheet 30, the channel sheet 40 and the pressing plate 60 can be referred to the above-mentioned related description of the skeleton body 101 in the skeleton structure 10 to some extent. Each component can be in the shape of a D-shaped ring and composed of four segments (an arc segment, a first top corner segment, a straight segment and a second top corner segment) connected in sequence. The corresponding segments can be referred to the above-mentioned related description of the skeleton body 101. Figure 6 The shapes of the segments of the cooling sheet 30, the channel sheet 40 and the pressing plate 60 are slightly different from those of the segments of the skeleton body 101. The central angles of the inner and outer ring surfaces of each segment of the cooling sheet 30, the channel sheet 40 and the pressing plate 60 can be equal.

[0063] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a cooling sheet provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 7 The cooling sheet 30 includes a cooling sheet straight segment D21, a first cooling sheet top corner segment D22, a cooling sheet arc segment D23 and a second cooling sheet top corner segment D24 connected in sequence. The outer ring surface radius of the cooling sheet straight segment D21 ranges from 0.25 x 10709.88 mm to 10 x 10709.88 mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 4.96 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25 x 10695.88 mm to 10 x 10695.88 mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is also 4.96 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius of the cooling sheet straight segment D21 is 10709.88 mm, and the inner ring surface radius is 10695.88 mm.

[0064] The first cooling sheet top corner segment D22 and the second cooling sheet top corner segment D24 can be symmetrical about the center line L2 of the cooling sheet 30, and the parameters of the first cooling sheet top corner segment D22 and the second cooling sheet top corner segment D24 can be the same. For any top corner segment of the first cooling sheet top corner segment D22 and the second cooling sheet top corner segment D24, the outer ring surface radius of the top corner segment ranges from 0.25 x 47.4 mm to 10 x 47.4 mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 114.83 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25 x 33.4 mm to 10 x 33.4 mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is also 114.83 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius of the top corner segment is 47.4 mm, and the inner ring surface radius is 33.4 mm.

[0065] The outer ring surface radius of the cooling fin arc segment D23 ranges from 0.25*567 mm to 10*567 mm, the outer ring surface central angle is 125.38 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*553 mm to 10*553 mm, and the inner ring surface central angle is also 125.38 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius of the cooling fin arc segment D23 is 567 mm, and the inner ring surface radius is 553 mm.

[0066] In the embodiments of the present application, the structures of the channeling sheet 40 and the pressing plate 60 can refer to the related description of the cooling fin 30. Each component is in the shape of a D-shaped ring and is composed of four segments (an arc segment, a first top corner segment, a straight segment, and a second top corner segment) connected in sequence. The corresponding segments can refer to the related description of the skeleton main body 101 in the foregoing embodiment. Figure 7 The channeling sheet 40 and the pressing plate 60 will not be described in detail by referring to the drawings.

[0067] For example, the channeling sheet 40 includes a channeling sheet straight segment, a first channeling sheet top corner segment, a channeling sheet arc segment, and a second channeling sheet top corner segment connected in sequence. The outer ring surface radius of the channeling sheet straight segment ranges from 0.25*10709.88 mm to 10*10709.88 mm, the outer ring surface central angle is 4.96 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*10705.88 mm to 10*107095.88 mm, and the inner ring surface central angle is 4.96 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius of the channeling sheet straight segment is 10709.88 mm, and the inner ring surface radius is 107095.88 mm.

[0068] For any one of the first channeling sheet top corner segment and the second channeling sheet top corner segment, the outer ring surface radius of the top corner segment ranges from 0.25*47.4 mm to 10*47.4 mm, the outer ring surface central angle is 114.83 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*43.4 mm to 10*43.4 mm, and the inner ring surface central angle is 124.71 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius of the top corner segment is 47.4 mm, and the inner ring surface radius is 43.4 mm.

[0069] The outer ring surface radius of the channeling sheet arc segment ranges from 0.25*567 mm to 10*567 mm, the outer ring surface central angle is 125.38 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*563 mm to 10*563 mm, and the inner ring surface central angle is 125.38 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius of the channeling sheet arc segment ranges from 567 mm to 563 mm.

[0070] The pressing plate 60 comprises, for example, a pressing plate straight section, a first pressing plate top corner section, a pressing plate arc section and a second pressing plate top corner section which are connected end to end in sequence. The outer ring surface radius of the pressing plate straight section ranges from 0.25*10709.88 mm to 10*10709.88 mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 4.96 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*10695.88 mm to 10*10695.88 mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is 4.96 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius of the pressing plate straight section ranges from 10709.88 mm to 10695.88 mm.

[0071] For any one of the first pressing plate top corner section and the second pressing plate top corner section, the outer ring surface radius of the top corner section ranges from 0.25*47.4 mm to 10*47.4 mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 114.83 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*33.4 mm to 10*33.4 mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is 114.83 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius of the top corner section ranges from 47.4 mm to 33.4 mm.

[0072] The outer ring surface radius of the pressing plate arc section ranges from 0.25*567 mm to 10*567 mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 125.38 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*553 mm to 10*553 mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is 125.38 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius of the pressing plate arc section ranges from 567 mm to 553 mm.

[0073] In the toroidal field coil 00 of the embodiment, the skeleton structure 10 can ensure the stability of the superconducting tape during the winding of the coil winding 20, and ensure the preparation effect of the toroidal field coil 00. The step portions are added to the two sides of the skeleton structure 10 to ensure that sufficient space is left for cooling and insulation treatment after the winding of the coil winding 20 is completed. Through the combination of the skeleton structure 10 and the cooling sheet 30, the toroidal field coil 00 as a whole has more uniform and good cooling and insulation effects. In addition, the impregnated material layer 50 is added to the two sides of the coil winding 20, which can realize the functions of insulation, filling and protection, and can better ensure the overall strength of the coil.

[0074] In summary, in the toroidal field coil provided by the embodiment, the cooling sheet is arranged on the two sides of the coil winding in the toroidal field coil, and the cooling capacity can be transmitted from the two sides of the coil winding to the coil winding, which can better ensure the working temperature requirement of the coil winding. The two sides of the skeleton main body of the skeleton structure of the toroidal field coil are respectively provided with step portions, and the two cooling sheets are respectively sleeved on the step surfaces of the two step portions. In this way, the cooling sheet can be installed by relying on the step portion, which can simplify the installation process. The cooling sheet can also limit the coil winding, which is convenient for the structure of the coil winding in the working process.

[0075] The embodiment of the present application further provides a nuclear fusion reaction device, which comprises a reaction chamber, a central solenoid coil, a poloidal field coil and the toroidal field coil 00. The number of the toroidal field coils in the nuclear fusion reaction device can be multiple, and the multiple toroidal field coils are respectively arranged around the reaction chamber along the toroidal direction of the reaction chamber. Since the working stability of the toroidal field coil 00 is high, the effect of the nuclear fusion reaction device in realizing the nuclear fusion reaction is correspondingly good.

[0076] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the acts or steps recited in the claims can be performed in a different order than the order described in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Also, the processes depicted in the figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown or sequential order in order to achieve the desired results. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous.

[0077] Those skilled in the art should know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present application. In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment is focused on, and the parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0078] The preferred embodiments of the present application disclosed above are only used to help explain the present application. The alternative embodiments do not describe all the details and limit the present application to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, according to the content of the present application, many modifications and changes can be made. The present application selects and describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present application.

Claims

1. A toroidal field coil, characterized in that, The annular skeleton structure, the coil winding and the two cooling fins; The skeleton structure comprises a skeleton body and two stepped portions protruding from the skeleton body; the skeleton body has an inner annular surface, an outer annular surface and two side surfaces respectively connecting two sides of the inner annular surface and the outer annular surface; the two stepped portions protrude from the two side surfaces respectively, and the outer annular surface protrudes outward relative to the stepped portions; The coil winding is sleeved on the outer annular surface; the two cooling fins are respectively sleeved on the stepped surfaces of the two stepped portions and protrude relative to the outer annular surface to transmit cold energy to the coil winding.

2. The toroidal field coil according to claim 1, characterized in that The outer annular edge of the cooling fin is flush with the outer annular edge of the coil winding; And / or, the annular field coil comprises two coil windings and further comprises an annular channeling sheet made of insulating material; the two coil windings and the channeling sheet are sleeved on the outer annular surface, and the channeling sheet is located between the two coil windings; And / or, there is a gap between the coil winding and the cooling fin, and the annular field coil further comprises a layer of impregnated material filled in the gap; And / or, the annular field coil further comprises two annular pressing plates; the two pressing plates are respectively sleeved on the stepped surfaces of the two stepped portions and are located on the side of the cooling fins away from the skeleton body to press and fix the cooling fins.

3. A toroidal field coil according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y The skeleton structure further comprises an insulating layer attached to the outer annular surface to separate the coil winding and the skeleton body; And / or, the annular field coil further comprises a fixing screw; the skeleton body and the cooling fin have communicating fixing holes, and the fixing screw is sequentially inserted into the fixing holes of the cooling fin and the skeleton body to fix the cooling fin and the skeleton body.

4. The annular field coil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The width of the outer annular surface ranges from 3 mm to 30 mm; And / or, the width of the stepped surface of the stepped portion ranges from 1.5 mm to 20 mm; And / or, the ring width of the cooling fin ranges from 3 mm to 23 mm; And / or, the thickness of the cooling fin ranges from 0.5 mm to 9 mm.

5. The toroidal field coil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The skeleton structure is D-shaped, and the skeleton structure comprises a skeleton straight section, a first skeleton top corner section, a skeleton arc section and a second skeleton top corner section connected in sequence; The outer annular surface of the skeleton straight section has a radius ranging from 0.25×10705.88 mm to 10×10705.88 mm and an inscribed angle of 4.96 degrees, and the inner annular surface of the skeleton straight section is a plane; the stepped surface of the stepped portion in the skeleton straight section has a radius ranging from 0.25×10695.88 mm to 10×10695.88 mm and an inscribed angle of 4.96 degrees; And / or, the length of the skeleton straight section ranges from 0.25×794.14 mm to 10×794.14 mm; and / or, for any one of the first and second top corner segments, the outer torus radius of the top corner segment ranges from 0.25*43.4 mm to 10*43.4 mm, the outer torus central angle is 114.83 degrees, the inner torus radius ranges from 0.25*45 mm to 10*45 mm, and the inner torus central angle is 124.71 degrees; the step surface radius of the step portion in the top corner segment ranges from 0.25*33.4 mm to 10*33.4 mm, and the step surface central angle is 114.83 degrees; and / or, the outer torus radius of the arc segment ranges from 0.25*563 mm to 10*563 mm, the outer torus central angle is 125.36 degrees, the inner torus radius ranges from 0.25*528 mm to 10*528 mm, and the inner torus central angle is 110.59 degrees; the step surface radius of the step portion in the arc segment ranges from 0.25*553 mm to 10*553 mm, and the step surface central angle is 125.38 degrees.

6. The toroidal field coil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The cooling fin is in a D shape, and the cooling fin comprises a cooling fin straight segment, a first cooling fin top corner segment, a cooling fin arc segment, and a second cooling fin top corner segment connected in sequence; The outer torus radius of the cooling fin straight segment ranges from 0.25*10709.88 mm to 10*10709.88 mm, the outer torus central angle is 4.96 degrees, the inner torus radius ranges from 0.25*10695.88 mm to 10*10695.88 mm, and the inner torus central angle is 4.96 degrees; and / or, for any one of the first and second cooling fin top corner segments, the outer torus radius of the top corner segment ranges from 0.25*47.4 mm to 10*47.4 mm, the outer torus central angle is 114.83 degrees, the inner torus radius ranges from 0.25*33.4 mm to 10*33.4 mm, and the inner torus central angle is 114.83 degrees; and / or, the outer torus radius of the cooling fin arc segment ranges from 0.25*567 mm to 10*567 mm, the outer torus central angle is 125.38 degrees, the inner torus radius ranges from 0.25*553 mm to 10*553 mm, and the inner torus central angle is 125.38 degrees.

7. The toroidal field coil according to claim 2, wherein the ring width of the channeling sheet ranges from 1 mm to 20 mm; and / or, the thickness of the channeling sheet ranges from 0.1 mm to 5 mm; and / or, the ring width of the pressing plate ranges from 3 mm to 23 mm; and / or, the thickness of the pressing plate ranges from 1 mm to 9 mm.

8. The toroidal field coil according to claim 2, characterized in that The channeling sheet is in a D shape, and the channeling sheet comprises a channeling sheet straight segment, a first channeling sheet top corner segment, a channeling sheet arc segment, and a second channeling sheet top corner segment connected in sequence. The outer ring surface radius of the straight section of the splitter vane ranges from 0.25*10709.88mm to 10*10709.88mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 4.96 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*10705.88mm to 10*107095.88mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is 4.96 degrees; For any one of the first and second top corner sections of the splitter vane, the outer ring surface radius of the top corner section ranges from 0.25*47.4mm to 10*47.4mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 114.83 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*43.4mm to 10*43.4mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is 124.71 degrees; The outer ring surface radius of the arc section of the splitter vane ranges from 0.25*567mm to 10*567mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 125.38 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*563mm to 10*563mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is 125.38 degrees.

9. The toroidal field coil according to claim 2, characterized in that The pressing plate is in a D shape, and comprises a straight section of the pressing plate, a first top corner section of the pressing plate, an arc section of the pressing plate, and a second top corner section of the pressing plate connected in sequence; The outer ring surface radius of the straight section of the pressing plate ranges from 0.25*10709.88mm to 10*10709.88mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 4.96 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*10695.88mm to 10*10695.88mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is 4.96 degrees; For any one of the first and second top corner sections of the pressing plate, the outer ring surface radius of the top corner section ranges from 0.25*47.4mm to 10*47.4mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 114.83 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*33.4mm to 10*33.4mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is 114.83 degrees; The outer ring surface radius of the arc section of the pressing plate ranges from 0.25*567mm to 10*567mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 125.38 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*553mm to 10*553mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is 125.38 degrees.

10. A nuclear fusion reaction apparatus, characterized by comprising: It comprises: a reaction chamber, a central solenoid coil, a poloidal field coil, and the toroidal field coil according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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