Electrolytic tank and electrolysis device for hydrogen production by alkaline electrolysis of water

Abstract

The utility model provides an electrolytic bath and an electrolytic device for hydrogen production by alkaline electrolysis of water. The electrolytic bath comprises a cathode assembly, a plurality of middle polar plate assemblies and an anode assembly which are arranged in sequence, the middle pole plate assembly comprises a plurality of bipolar plates which are arranged side by side, and pole net parts are independently arranged between the cathode assembly and the bipolar plates, between every two adjacent bipolar plates and between the bipolar plates and the anode assembly to form a plurality of electrolysis chambers; the cathode assembly is provided with a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, a liquid inlet tank and a liquid outlet tank, and the anode assembly is provided with a liquid return tank; the middle polar plate assembly is provided with a forward liquid separation channel, a one-way channel, a reverse liquid separation channel and a gas-liquid channel; the liquid inlet groove is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the forward liquid distribution channel, and the other path is communicated with the one-way channel. According to the utility model, the liquid inlet distribution form is improved, so that the distribution uniformity of a gas-liquid flow field and a temperature field is obviously improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to electrolytic water hydrogen production technical field relates to a kind of for alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen production electrolytic cell and electrolytic device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Electrolytic water hydrogen production technology mainly has alkaline electrolytic water, proton exchange membrane electrolytic water and solid oxide electrolytic water etc., and among them, alkaline water electrolytic water hydrogen production is the mainstream technology at present. In order to increase the conductivity of solution, generally with alkaline solution (such as 30% KOH solution) as electrolyte, under the action of direct current, water is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen. Its electrode reaction is:

[0003] Cathode:2H2O+2e→H2↑+2OH - ;

[0004] Anode:2OH - -2e→H2O+1 / 2O2↑;

[0005] Total reaction:2H2O→2H2↑+O2↑.

[0006] Alkaline water electrolytic water hydrogen production usually adopts electrolytic cell. Bipolar plate type filter press type electrolytic cell is one of commonly used electrolytic cell structures, and its electrolyte inlet and electrolyte outlet (containing gas) are usually opened in cathode side end plate, electrolyte enters electrolytic cell from cathode side end plate, is divided into two, or after being divided into two, enters electrolytic cell again, and is distributed to each small chamber. Under the action of current between adjacent pole plates in small chamber, hydrogen and oxygen are generated respectively and then flow out of electrolytic cell. For one-way liquid inlet and outlet electrolytic cell, the flow of cathode plate small chamber close to electrolyte inlet will be maximum, and the flow of anode plate small chamber far away from electrolyte inlet will be minimum. This uneven flow distribution will lead to different electrolytic resistances between small chambers. And the bubbles generated in small chamber close to electrolyte inlet can be carried by sufficient liquid flow, and the heat generated by electrolysis is taken away in time, so the temperature is relatively low. The bubbles generated in small chamber far away from electrolyte inlet cannot be taken away quickly, which causes large electrolytic resistance in small chamber, so that small chamber voltage rises, and the heat generated by electrolysis cannot be taken away in time, causing small chamber temperature to rise, which may endanger the running life of diaphragm. The increase of electrolyte temperature also increases the risk of corrosion, which will also affect the life of pole plate. In addition, due to the large diameter of electrolytic cell, there is serious uneven flow phenomenon in the whole small chamber from inlet to outlet, gas aggregation area is easily formed on both sides of small chamber, which reduces the electrolysis efficiency, and also affects the life of diaphragm and pole plate.

[0007] The existing electrolyte flow mode in the electrolytic cell has longitudinal and transverse unevenness, which will affect the electrolysis efficiency, cause the unit hydrogen production energy consumption to rise, and also affect the service life of the diaphragm and the polar plate. In order to reduce the unevenness of gas-liquid distribution, CN219099345U discloses a flow disturbing device, a polar plate and an electrolytic cell. The flow disturbing device includes a connecting seat and a flow disturbing mechanism. The connecting seat is arranged between the polar plate and the electrode of the electrolytic cell. The flow disturbing mechanism is installed on the connecting seat and is used to move relative to the connecting seat. The flow disturbing mechanism moves relative to the connecting seat, the polar plate and the electrode, which can enhance the disturbance of the electrolyte when passing through the electrolytic chamber. On the one hand, the flow disturbing mechanism can break the gas bubbles, accelerate the gas bubbles to separate from the electrode and flow out of the small chamber, reduce the gas resistance in the small chamber, and on the other hand, the electrolyte is uniformly mixed, the heat distribution is relatively uniform, the unevenness of the gas-liquid two-phase flow field during electrolysis is improved to a certain extent, and the resistance is reduced. However, there is only a few millimeters between the polar plate and the electrode. It is very difficult to arrange the flow disturbing device in such a small thin layer space. Arranging the flow disturbing device between the polar plate and the electrode greatly increases the manufacturing difficulty of the bipolar plate, and the corresponding cost also increases a lot. CN220685259U discloses a main structure of an electrolytic cell, which includes a cell body, an end pressing plate, a first gas external interface, a second gas external interface and a liquid external interface arranged on the cathode end pressing plate, the first gas external interface, the second gas external interface and the liquid external interface are in communication with the cell body, the cathode end pressing plate is arranged at one end of the cell body, the anode end pressing plate is arranged at the other end of the cell body, the cathode end pressing plate is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the anode end pressing plate is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, and a plurality of polar plate frames are arranged in gaps. The cathode end pressing plate is attached to one of the polar plate frames, and the anode end pressing plate is attached to another of the polar plate frames. However, by greatly increasing the liquid inlet hole and the gas outlet hole, the strength of the polar plate is greatly affected, and the longitudinal flow unevenness problem cannot be effectively solved. CN217788456U discloses a circular bipolar plate flow channel structure and an electrolytic cell, which includes a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a flow guide groove and a flow channel. The flow guide groove is arranged on the outer periphery of the circular bipolar plate. The fluid inlet is connected to the inlet side flow guide groove, and the fluid outlet is connected to the outlet side flow guide groove. The flow channel extends from the inlet side to the outlet side and is connected to the inlet side flow guide groove and the outlet side flow guide groove at both ends, respectively. The inlet side flow guide groove and the outlet side flow guide groove are not directly connected, which eliminates the part of the flow guide groove on both sides of the vertical direction of the connection line between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet of the bipolar plate, so that the fluid can only flow out of the flow channel on the bipolar plate. However, the flow guide groove needs to be machined on the thick bipolar plate, which increases the equipment manufacturing time and cost, and also cannot solve the longitudinal flow unevenness.

[0008] Therefore, it is also necessary to provide an electrolytic cell with high flow uniformity and low manufacturing cost. Invention content

[0009] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model discloses a kind of electrolytic cell and electrolytic device for alkaline water hydrogen production, by improving liquid distribution form, the uniformity of distribution of gas-liquid flow field and temperature field is obviously improved, and then electrolytic efficiency is improved.

[0010] To achieve this purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] First, the utility model provides a kind of electrolytic cell for alkaline water hydrogen production, comprising the cathode assembly, a plurality of intermediate pole plate assembly and anode assembly that are sequentially arranged;The intermediate pole plate assembly includes a plurality of bipolar plates arranged side by side, the cathode assembly and bipolar plate, between the adjacent two bipolar plates, and the bipolar plate and anode assembly are independently provided with pole net component to form a plurality of electrolytic chambers;The cathode assembly is provided with liquid inlet, liquid outlet, liquid inlet tank and liquid outlet tank, and the anode assembly is provided with liquid return tank;The intermediate pole plate assembly is provided with forward liquid distribution channel, one-way channel, reverse liquid distribution channel and gas-liquid channel;The liquid inlet is communicated with the liquid inlet tank, and the liquid inlet tank is divided into two ways, one is communicated with the forward liquid distribution channel, and the other is communicated with the one-way channel, the forward liquid distribution channel is communicated with a plurality of electrolytic chambers respectively, the one-way channel is communicated with the liquid return tank, the liquid return tank is communicated with the reverse liquid distribution channel, and the reverse liquid distribution channel is communicated with a plurality of electrolytic chambers;The gas-liquid channel is communicated with the liquid outlet tank and a plurality of electrolytic chambers respectively, and the liquid outlet tank is communicated with the liquid outlet.

[0012] The utility model divides the liquid inlet of cathode assembly liquid inlet tank into two ways, one is distributed to each electrolytic chamber by forward liquid distribution channel, and the other is directly flowed to the liquid return tank of anode assembly through one-way channel, and then is distributed to each electrolytic chamber reversely, which combines liquid distribution and return liquid distribution in liquid inlet process, realizes longitudinal distribution of electrolyte in each electrolytic chamber, improves the uniformity of longitudinal and transverse temperature distribution and flow distribution, so that the generated gas bubble is taken out in time, thereby effectively reducing the resistance of single electrolytic chamber, further reducing the unit hydrogen production energy consumption, and ensuring the service life of equipment.

[0013] As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model, the volume of the forward liquid distribution channel in the intermediate pole plate assembly is less than the volume of the one-way channel.

[0014] That is, in the utility model, the liquid volume distributed to one-way channel through liquid inlet and liquid inlet tank is greater than the liquid volume distributed to forward liquid distribution channel, so that the liquid amount distributed to electrolytic chamber reversely is greater than the liquid amount distributed to electrolytic chamber forwardly, which is beneficial to improve the uniformity of longitudinal flow distribution.

[0015] As an optimal technical scheme of the utility model, the bipolar plate comprises a polar frame, and a main polar plate is arranged in the polar frame.

[0016] The polar net component is movably connected, bonded or welded to the bipolar plate.

[0017] The polar net component comprises a first supporting net, a cathode polar net, a gasket, a diaphragm, an anode polar net and a second supporting net arranged in sequence from the cathode assembly to the anode assembly.

[0018] As an optimal technical scheme of the utility model, the polar frame has a cathode surface and an anode surface; the cathode surface and the anode surface are independently provided with at least one first forward distribution hole, at least one first one-way liquid inlet hole, at least one first reverse distribution hole and at least one first gas-liquid outlet hole; and the gasket is provided with at least two second forward distribution holes, at least two second one-way liquid inlet holes, at least two second reverse distribution holes and at least two second gas-liquid outlet holes.

[0019] The first forward distribution hole on the polar frame is in communication with the second forward distribution hole of the gasket on the two sides of the first forward distribution hole, thereby forming the forward distribution channel; the first one-way liquid inlet hole on the polar frame is in communication with the second one-way liquid inlet hole of the gasket on the two sides of the first one-way liquid inlet hole, thereby forming the one-way channel; the first reverse distribution hole on the polar frame is in communication with the second reverse distribution hole of the gasket on the two sides of the first reverse distribution hole, thereby forming the reverse distribution channel; and the first gas-liquid outlet hole on the polar frame is in communication with the second gas-liquid outlet hole of the gasket on the two sides of the first gas-liquid outlet hole, thereby forming the gas-liquid channel.

[0020] That is, the cathode surface and the anode surface of the bipolar plate in the utility model form two forward distribution channels, two one-way channels, two reverse distribution channels and two gas-liquid channels which are not in communication with each other, thereby realizing independent liquid inlet and outlet and not affecting each other.

[0021] As an optimal technical scheme of the utility model, the first supporting net and the second supporting net independently comprise a main flow area, a first auxiliary flow area and a second auxiliary flow area, and the first auxiliary flow area and the second auxiliary flow area are arranged on the two sides of the main flow area.

[0022] The area of the main flow area is greater than the area of the first auxiliary flow area, and the area of the first auxiliary flow area is greater than the area of the second auxiliary flow area.

[0023] The utility model adopts the supporting net form of the partition type, so that the uniformity of the distribution of liquid and gas in a single electrolytic chamber is improved.

[0024] As an optimal technical scheme of the utility model, the area size relationship of the main flow area, the first sub flow area and the second sub flow area is: the area of the main flow area: the area of the first sub flow area: the area of the second sub flow area = (2.2-3) :(1.2-1.8) :1, for example, it can be 2.5:1.5:1, 2.2:1.2:1, 2.5:1.8:1, 3:1.2:1, 3:1.8:1, 2.8:1.5:1, 2.8:1.4:1 or 2.5:1.2:1, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values in the value range are also applicable.

[0025] As an optimal technical scheme of the utility model, the main flow area, the first sub flow area and the second sub flow area are independently provided with grid channels, the density of the grid channels of the main flow area > the density of the grid channels of the first sub flow area ≥ the density of the grid channels of the second sub flow area.

[0026] As an optimal technical scheme of the utility model, the direction of the connecting line of the forward liquid distribution channel and the gas-liquid channel in the electrolytic chamber is recorded as the first direction; the main flow area, the first sub flow area and the second sub flow area are sequentially arranged along the first direction. The grid channels extend along the first direction.

[0027] Along the first direction, two buffer areas are further arranged on both sides of the main flow area, and the buffer areas are cavities.

[0028] The direction of the grid channels is the same as the direction of the liquid inlet and outlet line, which can reduce the flow resistance. At the same time, the buffer areas are arranged on the liquid inlet side and the liquid outlet side of the main flow area, and the buffer areas are arranged on the liquid inlet side and the liquid outlet side of the main flow area, which can buffer and distribute the liquid inlet and outlet, and is beneficial to control the uniformity of flow distribution.

[0029] As an optimal technical scheme of the utility model, the cathode assembly comprises a cathode end pressure plate and a cathode end electrode plate, the cathode end electrode plate is close to the intermediate electrode plate assembly, the cathode end electrode plate is provided with a liquid inlet groove and a liquid outlet groove, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet independently penetrate the cathode end pressure plate and are respectively communicated with the liquid inlet groove and the liquid outlet groove.

[0030] The anode assembly comprises an anode end electrode plate, an insulating plate and an anode end pressure plate arranged in sequence, the anode end electrode plate is close to the intermediate electrode plate assembly, and the anode end electrode plate is provided with the liquid return groove.

[0031] The anode end electrode plate is further provided with a gas-liquid collecting groove, and the gas-liquid collecting groove is communicated with the liquid outlet groove.

[0032] The utility model provides a kind of electrolytic device, the electrolytic device includes two first aspect described for the electrolytic cell of hydrogen production of alkaline electrolytic water, two described electrolytic cell is side by side and mirror image symmetry is arranged.

[0033] That is, the middle of the electrolytic device is the anode end, and both sides of the electrolytic device are the cathode end. Specifically, the two electrolytic cells can be combined and connected by one side of the anode assembly, so that the middle of the electrolytic device is the anode end, the two electrolytic cells share an anode end pressing plate with a leg, both sides of the electrolytic device are the cathode end, forming a combination of two positive and two negative. Alternatively, the anode assemblies of the two electrolytic cells can be combined into one, only the anode end plate is retained, and no insulating plate and end pressing plate is provided, forming a combination of one positive and two negative, that is, the middle of the electrolytic device is a shared anode end plate, both ends are two symmetrical cathode assemblies, and the anode end plate of the anode assembly is independently provided with a liquid return groove close to the two side surfaces of the middle plate assembly at both ends. Compared with the conventional anode plate, the anode end plate provided in the middle of the electrolytic device of the utility model has a larger thickness, and at the same time provides a liquid return groove for the middle plate assembly at both ends for reverse liquid distribution.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The electrolytic cell and electrolytic device for hydrogen production by alkaline electrolytic water provided by the utility model adopt the combination of liquid inlet and liquid distribution and liquid return and liquid distribution, which can more effectively distribute electrolyte to each electrolytic chamber from the vertical direction, and at the same time, the flow channel partition design in the electrolytic chamber is adopted, which can more effectively distribute electrolyte to the electrolytic chamber from the horizontal direction, improves the uniformity of flow distribution and temperature distribution in the electrolytic cell, ensures the service life of the equipment, retains the conventional electrolytic cell structure, does not need to increase the material cost additionally, reduces the resistance of a single electrolytic chamber, and also reduces the unit hydrogen production energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the electrolytic cell for hydrogen production by alkaline electrolytic water provided by the utility model embodiment 1 is shown.

[0037] Figure 2 The detail diagram of the middle plate assembly provided by the utility model embodiment 1 is shown.

[0038] Figure 3 The side view of the middle plate assembly provided by the utility model embodiment 1 is shown.

[0039] Figure 4 The structure diagram of the gasket provided by the utility model embodiment 1 is shown.

[0040] Figure 5 The structure diagram of the electrolytic device provided by the utility model embodiment 2 is shown.

[0041] Wherein, 100-cathode assembly; 101-cathode end plate; 102-cathode end plate; 1021-liquid inlet groove; 1022-liquid outlet groove; 200-intermediate plate assembly; 201-bipolar plate; 2011-pole frame; 2012-main plate; 202-pole net component; 300-anode assembly; 301-anode end plate; 302-insulating plate; 303-anode end plate; 11-liquid inlet; 12-liquid outlet; 14-liquid return groove; 15-gas-liquid collection groove; 21-first support net; 22-cathode pole net; 23-gasket; 24-septum; 25-anode pole net; 26-second support net; 71-cathode side first positive liquid distribution hole; 72-anode side first positive liquid distribution hole; 73-cathode side first one-way liquid inlet hole; 74-anode side first one-way liquid inlet hole; 75-cathode side first negative liquid distribution hole; 76-anode side first negative liquid distribution hole; 77-anode side first gas-liquid outlet; 78-cathode side first gas-liquid outlet; 81-cathode side second positive liquid distribution hole; 82-anode side second positive liquid distribution hole; 83-cathode side second one-way liquid inlet hole; 84-anode side second one-way liquid inlet hole; 85-cathode side second negative liquid distribution hole; 86-anode side second negative liquid distribution hole; 87-anode side second gas-liquid outlet; 88-cathode side second gas-liquid outlet; 91-main flow area; 92-first auxiliary flow area; 93-second auxiliary flow area; 94-buffer area; 95-grid channel; 400-first intermediate electrode assembly; 500-first cathode assembly; 600-second intermediate electrode assembly; 700-second cathode assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] It should be understood that, in the description of the present application, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features limited by "first", "second" and the like can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0043] It should be noted that in the description of the utility model, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "arrangement", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection, it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection, it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, it can be internal communication of two elements. For ordinary skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the utility model can be understood through specific circumstances.

[0044] The technical scheme of the utility model is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and through specific embodiments.

[0045] In one specific embodiment, the utility model provides an electrolytic tank for hydrogen production by alkaline electrolysis of water, comprising cathode assembly, a plurality of intermediate pole plate assembly and anode assembly arranged in sequence. The intermediate pole plate assembly comprises a plurality of bipolar plates arranged side by side, and the cathode assembly, the adjacent two bipolar plates and the bipolar plate and anode assembly are independently provided with pole net components to form a plurality of electrolysis chambers for generating oxygen and hydrogen. The cathode assembly is provided with a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, a liquid inlet groove and a liquid outlet groove, and the anode assembly is provided with a liquid return groove. The intermediate pole plate assembly is provided with a forward liquid distribution channel, a one-way channel, a reverse liquid distribution channel and a gas-liquid channel. The liquid inlet and the liquid inlet groove are communicated, the liquid inlet groove is divided into two ways, one way is communicated with the forward liquid distribution channel, and the other way is communicated with the one-way channel. The forward liquid distribution channel is communicated with a plurality of electrolysis chambers respectively, the one-way channel is communicated with the liquid return groove, the liquid return groove is communicated with the reverse liquid distribution channel, and the reverse liquid distribution channel is communicated with a plurality of electrolysis chambers. The gas-liquid channel is communicated with the liquid outlet groove and a plurality of electrolysis chambers respectively, and the liquid outlet groove is communicated with the liquid outlet.

[0046] Specifically, the liquid inlet comprises cathode liquid inlet and anode liquid inlet which are not communicated with each other, the liquid outlet comprises cathode liquid outlet and anode liquid outlet which are not communicated with each other, the liquid inlet groove comprises cathode liquid inlet groove and anode liquid inlet groove which are not communicated with each other, and the liquid outlet groove comprises cathode liquid outlet groove and anode liquid outlet groove which are not communicated with each other. The forward liquid distribution channel comprises cathode side forward liquid distribution channel and anode side forward liquid distribution channel which are not communicated with each other, the one-way channel comprises cathode side one-way channel and anode side one-way channel which are not communicated with each other, the reverse liquid distribution channel comprises cathode side reverse liquid distribution channel and anode side reverse liquid distribution channel which are not communicated with each other, and the gas-liquid channel comprises cathode side gas-liquid channel and anode side gas-liquid channel which are not communicated with each other, so as to realize independent liquid inlet and outlet of the anode end and the cathode end of the electrolysis chamber.

[0047] The cathode liquid inlet is communicated with a cathode liquid inlet groove, and the electrolyte entering the cathode liquid inlet groove is divided into two routes, one of which is communicated with the cathode side positive liquid distribution channel, and the other is communicated with the cathode side one-way channel, the cathode side positive liquid distribution channel is respectively communicated with cathode ends of a plurality of electrolytic chambers, the cathode side one-way channel is communicated with the cathode liquid return groove, the cathode liquid return groove is communicated with the cathode side reverse liquid distribution channel, and the cathode side reverse liquid distribution channel is communicated with the cathode ends of a plurality of electrolytic chambers; the cathode side gas-liquid channel is respectively communicated with the cathode liquid outlet groove and the cathode ends of a plurality of electrolytic chambers, and the cathode liquid outlet groove is communicated with the cathode liquid outlet. The anode liquid inlet is communicated with an anode liquid inlet groove, and the electrolyte entering the anode liquid inlet groove is divided into two routes, one of which is communicated with the anode side positive liquid distribution channel, and the other is communicated with the anode side one-way channel, the anode side positive liquid distribution channel is respectively communicated with anode ends of a plurality of electrolytic chambers, the anode side one-way channel is communicated with the anode liquid return groove, the anode liquid return groove is communicated with the anode side reverse liquid distribution channel, and the anode side reverse liquid distribution channel is communicated with the anode ends of a plurality of electrolytic chambers; the anode side gas-liquid channel is respectively communicated with the anode liquid outlet groove and the anode ends of a plurality of electrolytic chambers, and the anode liquid outlet groove is communicated with the anode liquid outlet. In the utility model, the cathode side or the anode side electrolyte entering the cathode assembly is respectively divided into two routes after entering the electrolytic tank, one of which is distributed into each electrolytic chamber through the positive liquid distribution channel, and the other directly flows to the anode side liquid return groove through the one-way channel and is then reversely distributed into each electrolytic chamber, and the gas-liquid mixture in the electrolytic chamber is discharged through the liquid outlet after passing through the gas-liquid channel. The gas-liquid mixture includes a mixture of oxygen and electrolyte and a mixture of hydrogen and electrolyte, wherein the mixture of hydrogen and electrolyte is generated in the cathode hydrogen production chamber of the electrolytic chamber and is sequentially discharged through the cathode side gas-liquid channel, the liquid outlet groove and the liquid outlet; the mixture of oxygen and electrolyte is generated in the anode oxygen production chamber of the electrolytic chamber and is sequentially discharged through the anode side gas-liquid channel, the liquid outlet groove and the liquid outlet.

[0048] In some embodiments, the volume of the positive liquid distribution channel in the intermediate polar plate assembly is smaller than the volume of the one-way channel, so that the amount of liquid reversely distributed into the electrolytic chamber is greater than the amount of liquid positively distributed into the electrolytic chamber. Specifically, in the utility model, the volume of the liquid distributed into the one-way channel from the liquid inlet groove is 60% to 80% of the total electrolyte volume, and the volume of the liquid distributed into the positive liquid distribution channel from the liquid inlet groove is 20% to 40% of the total electrolyte volume.

[0049] The utility model can adjust the volume of the positive liquid distribution channel and the one-way channel by respectively adjusting the number and / or size of the positive liquid distribution channel and the one-way channel, so that the total volume meets the requirements.

[0050] In some embodiments, the bipolar plate comprises a polar frame, and a main polar plate is arranged in the polar frame. The polar net component comprises a first supporting net, a cathode polar net, a gasket, a diaphragm, an anode polar net and a second supporting net arranged in sequence from the cathode assembly to the anode assembly. The electrolysis chamber is provided with a diaphragm in the middle to divide the electrolysis chamber into a cathode hydrogen production chamber and an anode oxygen production chamber, and the cathode hydrogen production chamber is communicated with the positive forward liquid distribution channel, the reverse liquid distribution channel and the gas-liquid channel on the cathode side, and the anode oxygen production chamber is communicated with the positive forward liquid distribution channel, the reverse liquid distribution channel and the gas-liquid channel on the anode side.

[0051] In the application process, the water in the electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by direct current, and then the electrolyte is sent to the inside of the hydrogen liquid separator and the oxygen liquid separator after leaving the electrolysis tank to separate the gas and the electrolyte. The two separated gases are further removed from the alkaline solution through the hydrogen scrubber and the oxygen scrubber, and then further cooled and dehydrated through the hydrogen cooler and the oxygen cooler, thereby obtaining hydrogen and oxygen with a certain purity. The separated electrolyte is cooled and then filtered under the action of the electrolyte circulating pump, and finally returned to the electrolysis tank for continuous electrolysis.

[0052] The material of the diaphragm includes but is not limited to polyether sulfone, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, Zirfon composite diaphragm and the like commonly used in the art. The cathode polar net and the anode polar net can be made of metal electrode materials or non-metal electrode materials known to those skilled in the art, such as nickel, Raney nickel, alloy nickel, and copper, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium and their alloys. The gasket has a ring structure and is used for sealing the electrolysis chamber, and can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene material commonly used by those skilled in the art. The first supporting net and the second supporting net can be made of nickel or nickel-plated supporting net commonly used in the art.

[0053] The polar net component is movably connected, bonded or welded to the bipolar plate. The movable connection includes but is not limited to bolt connection, buckle connection or clamping groove connection commonly used in the art, etc. The bonding can be bonded by fixing glue known to those skilled in the art. The welding can be fusion welding, pressure welding or brazing commonly used in the art.

[0054] The utility model also adopts fastening assembly to connect the anode assembly, the intermediate electrode assembly and the cathode assembly, and the structure of the fastening assembly is not limited in the utility model, and bolts, disc springs, nuts and the like known to those skilled in the art can be used. The cathode assembly, the plurality of polar net assemblies, the anode assembly and the like stacked in sequence are fixed by compression force, and a seal is formed.

[0055] In some embodiments, the polar frame has a cathode face and an anode face; the cathode face and the anode face are independently provided with at least one first forward distribution hole, at least one first one-way liquid inlet hole, at least one first reverse distribution hole and at least one first gas-liquid outlet; the gasket is provided with at least two second forward distribution holes, at least two second one-way liquid inlet holes, at least two second reverse distribution holes and at least two second gas-liquid outlets.

[0056] That is, the anode face of the polar frame is provided with at least one anode-side first forward distribution hole, at least one anode-side first one-way liquid inlet hole, at least one anode-side first reverse distribution hole and at least one anode-side first gas-liquid outlet. The cathode face of the polar frame is provided with at least one cathode-side first forward distribution hole, at least one cathode-side first one-way liquid inlet hole, at least one cathode-side first reverse distribution hole and at least one cathode-side first gas-liquid outlet. The at least two second forward distribution holes on the gasket include at least one anode-side second forward distribution hole and at least one cathode-side second forward distribution hole, and the first forward distribution hole on the polar frame of each bipolar plate in the electrolytic cell and the second forward distribution holes on the gaskets on both sides of the first forward distribution hole are respectively communicated to form an anode-side or a cathode-side forward distribution channel. The at least two second one-way liquid inlet holes on the gasket include at least one anode-side second one-way liquid inlet hole and at least one cathode-side second one-way liquid inlet hole, and the first one-way liquid inlet hole on the polar frame of each bipolar plate in the electrolytic cell and the second one-way liquid inlet holes on the gaskets on both sides of the first one-way liquid inlet hole are respectively communicated to form an anode-side or a cathode-side one-way channel. The at least two second reverse distribution holes on the gasket include at least one anode-side second reverse distribution hole and at least one cathode-side second reverse distribution hole, and the first reverse distribution hole on the polar frame of each bipolar plate in the electrolytic cell and the second reverse distribution holes on the gaskets on both sides of the first reverse distribution hole are respectively communicated to form an anode-side or a cathode-side reverse distribution channel. The at least two second gas-liquid outlets on the gasket include at least one anode-side second gas-liquid outlet and at least one cathode-side second gas-liquid outlet, and the first gas-liquid outlet on the polar frame of each bipolar plate in the electrolytic cell and the second gas-liquid outlets on the gaskets on both sides of the first gas-liquid outlet are respectively communicated to form an anode-side or a cathode-side gas-liquid channel. In the bipolar plate of the utility model, the anode face and the cathode face independently input and output liquid, and the uniformity of electrolyte flow distribution is ensured.

[0057] The utility model does not make specific limitation to the shape and quantity of the first forward distribution hole, the first one-way liquid inlet hole, the first reverse distribution hole, the first gas-liquid outlet, the second forward distribution hole, the second one-way liquid inlet hole, the second reverse distribution hole and the second gas-liquid outlet, which can be at least one of a circular hole, a waist-shaped hole, a semicircular hole or an oval hole.

[0058] In some embodiments, the first support net and the second support net each independently comprises a main flow area, a first sub-flow area and a second sub-flow area, the first sub-flow area and the second sub-flow area are respectively arranged on both sides of the main flow area. The area of the main flow area > the area of the first sub-flow area > the area of the second sub-flow area.

[0059] Specifically, the direction of the connecting line connecting the positive liquid separation channel and the gas-liquid channel in the electrolysis chamber is defined as the first direction; the main flow area, the first sub-flow area and the second sub-flow area are arranged in sequence perpendicular to the first direction. The utility model divides the first support net and the second support net into three areas with different areas, so that the main flow area covers both sides of the center connecting line of the positive liquid separation channel and the gas-liquid channel in the electrolysis chamber, and the first sub-flow area and the second sub-flow area are respectively located on both sides of the main flow area.

[0060] Preferably, the area size relationship of the main flow area, the first sub-flow area and the second sub-flow area is: the area of the main flow area: the area of the first sub-flow area: the area of the second sub-flow area = (2.2-3):(1.2-1.8):1.

[0061] Further, the main flow area, the first sub-flow area and the second sub-flow area are independently provided with grid channels, the density of the grid channels in the main flow area > the density of the grid channels in the first sub-flow area ≥ the density of the grid channels in the second sub-flow area. That is, the grid channels in the main flow area are relatively dense, and the grid channels in the first sub-flow area and the second sub-flow area on both sides are relatively sparse. Specifically, the grid channels are formed by oblique punching, and the grid channels extend along the first direction to provide electrolyte flow channels, the direction of the grid channels is the same as the connecting line of the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet in the electrolysis chamber, which can reduce the flow resistance.

[0062] Further, along the first direction, both sides of the main flow area are also respectively subjected to edge cutting treatment to leave two buffer areas, the buffer areas are cavities, that is, no grid channels are arranged in the buffer areas to buffer and distribute the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet, which is beneficial to control the uniformity of flow distribution.

[0063] In some embodiments, the cathode assembly comprises a cathode end pressing plate and a cathode end electrode plate, the cathode end electrode plate is close to the intermediate electrode plate assembly, the cathode end electrode plate is provided with a liquid inlet groove and a liquid outlet groove, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet independently penetrate the cathode end pressing plate and respectively communicate with the liquid inlet groove and the liquid outlet groove. The anode assembly comprises an anode end electrode plate, an insulating plate and an anode end pressing plate arranged in sequence, the anode end electrode plate is close to the intermediate electrode plate assembly, and the anode end electrode plate is provided with the liquid return groove.

[0064] A gas-liquid collecting channel is also provided on the anode end plate, and the gas-liquid collecting channel is connected to the liquid outlet channel. Specifically, the gas-liquid collecting channel includes at least one anode-side gas-liquid collecting channel and at least one cathode-side gas-liquid collecting channel, providing a flow area for the gas-liquid mixture generated in the electrolysis chamber near the anode end plate. Furthermore, the size of the gas-liquid collecting channel is smaller than the size of the liquid return channel.

[0065] The electrolytic cell provided by this utility model is also equipped with necessary connecting pipelines, flanges, insulation equipment and switch control valves. This utility model does not make any special limitations on these. Those skilled in the art should make reasonable adjustments, additions or deletions according to actual production needs.

[0066] In another specific embodiment, the present invention provides an electrolysis device, comprising two electrolyzers for producing hydrogen from alkaline water as described in the above specific embodiments, wherein the two electrolyzers are arranged side by side and in a mirror-symmetrical configuration.

[0067] Based on the combination of the two electrolytic cells in the electrolysis device, this utility model provides the following two solutions: (1) The two electrolytic cells are connected by one side of the anode assembly, so that the middle of the electrolysis device is the anode end, and the two sides of the electrolysis device are the cathode ends. The two share a cathode end pressure plate with a support leg, forming a combination of two positive and two negative. During application, the electrolyte inlet of the two electrolytic cells can be independently controlled; (2) The anode assemblies of the two electrolytic cells are combined into one, forming a combination of one positive and two negative. The anode assembly only includes the anode end plate, without the need to set an insulating plate and anode end pressure plate. It serves as the common anode end in the middle of the electrolysis device, and the two ends are two symmetrical cathode ends. By increasing the thickness of the middle anode end plate, return liquid grooves are independently set on the two sides of the anode end plate near the middle end plate assembly, so as to provide return liquid grooves for the middle end plate assembly for reverse liquid distribution.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] This embodiment provides an electrolyzer for producing hydrogen through alkaline water electrolysis, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a cathode assembly 100, multiple intermediate electrode plate assemblies 200 and an anode assembly 300 arranged in sequence.

[0070] The cathode assembly 100 comprises a cathode end compression plate 101 and a cathode end plate 102, and the cathode end plate 102 is close to the intermediate plate assembly 200. The cathode end compression plate 101 is provided with a cathode liquid inlet 11, an anode liquid inlet (symmetrically arranged on the other side of the cathode liquid inlet 11, not shown in the figure), a cathode liquid outlet 12 and an anode liquid outlet (symmetrically arranged on the other side of the cathode liquid outlet 12, not shown in the figure); the cathode end plate 102 is provided with a cathode liquid inlet groove 1021, an anode liquid inlet groove (symmetrically arranged on the other side of the cathode liquid inlet groove 1021, not shown in the figure), a cathode liquid outlet groove 1022 and an anode liquid outlet groove (symmetrically arranged on the other side of the cathode liquid outlet groove 1022, not shown in the figure), and the cathode liquid inlet 11 and the cathode liquid inlet groove 1021 are in communication, the anode liquid inlet and the anode liquid inlet groove are in communication, the cathode liquid outlet 12 and the cathode liquid outlet groove 1022 are in communication, and the anode liquid outlet and the anode liquid outlet groove are in communication.

[0071] The anode assembly 300 comprises an anode end plate 301, an insulating plate 302 and an anode end compression plate 303 arranged in sequence, the anode end plate 301 is close to the intermediate plate assembly 200, and the anode end plate 301 is provided with a cathode liquid return groove 14, an anode liquid return groove (symmetrically arranged on the other side of the cathode liquid return groove 14, not shown in the figure), a cathode side gas-liquid collection groove 15 and an anode side gas-liquid collection groove (symmetrically arranged on the other side of the cathode gas-liquid collection groove 15, not shown in the figure).

[0072] The intermediate plate assembly 200 comprises a plurality of bipolar plates 201 arranged side by side, and the bipolar plates 201 are independently provided with a polar net component 202 between the cathode end plate 102 and the bipolar plate 201, between two adjacent bipolar plates 201, and between the bipolar plate 201 and the anode end plate 301 to form a plurality of electrolytic chambers. The polar net component 202 is welded with the bipolar plate 201. As shown in Figure 2 As shown in Figure 3 The bipolar plate 201 comprises a polar frame 2011, and the polar frame 2011 is provided with a main polar plate 2012. The polar net component 202 comprises a first support net 21, a cathode polar net 22, a gasket 23, a diaphragm 24, an anode polar net 25 and a second support net 26 arranged in sequence from the cathode end plate 102 to the anode end plate 301. As shown in Figure 3 As shown in Figure 4As shown, the pole frame 2011 has a cathode face and an anode face, and is provided with a cathode-side first forward distribution hole 71, an anode-side first forward distribution hole 72, a cathode-side first one-way liquid inlet hole 73, an anode-side first one-way liquid inlet hole 74, a cathode-side first reverse distribution hole 75, an anode-side first reverse distribution hole 76, an anode-side first gas-liquid outlet 77, and a cathode-side first gas-liquid outlet 78. The gasket 23 is provided with a cathode-side second forward distribution hole 81, an anode-side second forward distribution hole 82, a cathode-side second one-way liquid inlet hole 83, an anode-side second one-way liquid inlet hole 84, a cathode-side second reverse distribution hole 85, an anode-side second reverse distribution hole 86, an anode-side second gas-liquid outlet 87, and a cathode-side second gas-liquid outlet 88. The cathode-side first forward distribution hole 71 of the cathode face of the pole frame 2011 and the cathode-side second forward distribution hole 81 of the gasket 23 on both sides thereof are in communication, forming a cathode-side forward distribution channel; the anode-side first forward distribution hole 72 of the anode face of the pole frame 2011 and the anode-side second forward distribution hole 82 of the gasket 23 on both sides thereof are in communication, forming an anode-side forward distribution channel. The cathode-side first one-way liquid inlet hole 73 of the cathode face of the pole frame 2011 and the cathode-side second one-way liquid inlet hole 83 of the gasket 23 on both sides thereof are in communication, forming a cathode-side one-way channel; the anode-side first one-way liquid inlet hole 74 of the anode face of the pole frame 2011 and the anode-side second one-way liquid inlet hole 84 of the gasket 23 on both sides thereof are in communication, forming an anode-side one-way channel. The cathode-side first reverse distribution hole 75 of the cathode face of the pole frame 2011 and the cathode-side second reverse distribution hole 85 of the gasket 23 on both sides thereof are in communication, forming a cathode-side reverse distribution channel; the anode-side first reverse distribution hole 76 of the anode face of the pole frame 2011 and the anode-side second reverse distribution hole 86 of the gasket 23 on both sides thereof are in communication, forming an anode-side reverse distribution channel. The anode-side first gas-liquid outlet 77 of the anode face of the pole frame 2011 and the anode-side second gas-liquid outlet 87 of the gasket 23 on both sides thereof are in communication, forming an anode-side gas-liquid channel; the cathode-side first gas-liquid outlet 78 of the cathode face of the pole frame 2011 and the cathode-side second gas-liquid outlet 88 of the gasket 23 on both sides thereof are in communication, forming a cathode-side gas-liquid channel. The cathode liquid inlet 11 is in communication with the cathode-side forward distribution channel and the cathode-side one-way channel through the cathode liquid inlet groove 1021, the cathode-side forward distribution channel is in communication with a plurality of electrolytic chambers, the cathode-side one-way channel is in communication with the cathode liquid return groove 14, the cathode-side reverse distribution channel is in communication with the cathode liquid return groove 14 and the plurality of electrolytic chambers, the cathode-side gas-liquid channel is in communication with the cathode liquid outlet groove 1022 and the plurality of electrolytic chambers, and the cathode liquid outlet groove 1022 is in communication with the cathode liquid outlet 12 through a channel penetrating the cathode end pressure plate 101.The anode liquid inlet is communicated with the anode side positive forward distribution channel and the anode side one-way channel through the anode liquid inlet groove, the anode side positive forward distribution channel is communicated with a plurality of electrolytic chambers, the anode side one-way channel is communicated with the anode liquid return groove, the anode side reverse distribution channel is communicated with the anode liquid return groove and a plurality of electrolytic chambers, the anode side gas-liquid channel is communicated with the anode liquid outlet groove and a plurality of electrolytic chambers, and the anode liquid outlet groove is communicated with the anode liquid outlet through the channel penetrating the cathode end pressing plate 101. The total volume of the positive forward distribution channel in the intermediate electrode plate assembly 200 is less than the total volume of the one-way channel.

[0073] The first support net 21 and the second support net 26 each independently comprise a main flow area 91, a first auxiliary flow area 92 and a second auxiliary flow area 93. The direction of the connecting line connecting the positive forward distribution channel and the gas-liquid channel in the electrolytic chamber is referred to as the first direction, and the main flow area 91, the first auxiliary flow area 92 and the second auxiliary flow area 93 are sequentially arranged perpendicular to the first direction. The area of the main flow area 91: the area of the first auxiliary flow area 92: the area of the second auxiliary flow area 93 = 2.5:1.5:1. The main flow area 91, the first auxiliary flow area 92 and the second auxiliary flow area 93 are each provided with a grid channel 95 protruding in the first direction, and two buffer areas 94 are respectively arranged on both sides of the main flow area 91 in the first direction. The buffer area 94 is a hollow cavity and is not provided with a grid channel 95.

[0074] The working process of the electrolytic cell for producing hydrogen by alkaline electrolysis of water in the embodiment includes:

[0075] (1) The electrolyte is divided into two parts and enters the cathode end pressing plate and the cathode end electrode plate 102 through the cathode liquid inlet 11 and the anode liquid inlet 11 in sequence, and is redistributed on the cathode liquid inlet groove 1021 and the anode liquid inlet groove of the cathode end electrode plate 102.

[0076] (2) The electrolyte on the cathode side is divided into two paths. One path of electrolyte (25% of the total electrolyte volume) passes through multiple positive liquid distribution holes 71 and 81 on the cathode side and is distributed to each electrolysis chamber as it flows toward the anode plate 301. The other path of electrolyte (75% of the total electrolyte volume) flows directly through the first one-way liquid inlet hole 73 and the second one-way liquid inlet hole 83 on the cathode side and flows toward the cathode return tank 14 on the anode plate 301. Then, it is distributed to each electrolysis chamber from the reverse direction through the first reverse liquid distribution hole 75 and the second reverse liquid distribution hole 85 on the cathode side. The electrolyte on the anode side is divided into two paths. One path (25% of the total electrolyte volume) passes through multiple forward distribution holes on the anode side and the second forward distribution hole on the anode side, and is distributed to each electrolysis chamber as it flows toward the anode end plate 301. The other path (75% of the total electrolyte volume) flows directly through the first one-way inlet hole and the second one-way inlet hole on the anode side, toward the anode return tank on the anode end plate 301, and then is distributed to each electrolysis chamber from the reverse direction through the first reverse distribution hole and the second reverse distribution hole on the anode side.

[0077] (3) The hydrogen and oxygen generated by each electrolysis chamber flow out of the electrolysis chamber along with the alkaline solution. The oxygen flows sequentially through the first gas-liquid outlet 77 on the anode side and the second gas-liquid outlet 87 on the anode side, and is discharged through the anode liquid outlet tank and the anode liquid outlet. The hydrogen flows sequentially through the first gas-liquid outlet 78 on the cathode side and the second gas-liquid outlet 88 on the cathode side, and is discharged through the cathode liquid outlet tank 1022 and the cathode liquid outlet 12.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] This embodiment provides an electrolysis device, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the assembly includes a first cathode assembly 400, a plurality of first intermediate electrode assemblies 500, an anode assembly 300, a plurality of second intermediate electrode assemblies 600, and a second cathode assembly 700 arranged sequentially. The structures of the first cathode assembly 400 and the second cathode assembly 600 are exactly the same as those of the cathode assembly 100 provided in Embodiment 1, and the structures of the first intermediate electrode assembly 500 and the second intermediate electrode assembly 700 are exactly the same as those of the intermediate electrode plate assembly 200 provided in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0080] The anode assembly 300 uses only a shared anode end plate. The anode end plate has independently provided cathode return tank 14, anode return tank, cathode-side gas-liquid collection tank 15, and anode-side gas-liquid collection tank on its two sides near the first and second intermediate electrode assemblies, respectively. The first cathode assembly 400 and the second cathode assembly 600 are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical configuration with the anode end plate as the center, and the first intermediate electrode assembly 500 and the second intermediate electrode assembly 700 are also arranged in a mirror-symmetrical configuration with the anode end plate as the center.

[0081] Embodiment 3

[0082] The embodiment provides an electrolytic device, which comprises a first cathode assembly, a plurality of first intermediate electrode assemblies, an anode assembly, a plurality of second intermediate electrode assemblies and a second cathode assembly arranged in sequence. The structures of the first cathode assembly and the second cathode assembly are completely same as the structure of the cathode assembly 100 provided in the embodiment 1, the structures of the first intermediate electrode assembly and the second intermediate electrode assembly are completely same as the structure of the intermediate electrode plate assembly 200 provided in the embodiment 1, and details are not repeated here. The anode assembly shares an anode end pressing plate with legs, other insulating plates and anode end electrode plates are symmetrically arranged with the anode end pressing plate as the center, each of the two anode end electrode plates is independently provided with a cathode liquid return groove, an anode liquid return groove, a cathode side gas-liquid collecting groove and an anode side gas-liquid collecting groove near the two side surfaces of the first intermediate electrode assembly and the second intermediate electrode assembly respectively. The first cathode assembly and the second cathode assembly are symmetrically arranged with the anode end electrode plate as the center, and the first intermediate electrode assembly and the second intermediate electrode assembly are symmetrically arranged with the anode end electrode plate as the center.

[0083] The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the utility model, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to this, and the skilled in the art should understand that any change or replacement within the technical range disclosed by the utility model can be easily thought by any person skilled in the art in the technical field, and falls within the protection scope and the disclosed range of the utility model.

Claims

1. An electrolyzer for hydrogen production by alkaline electrolysis of water, characterized in that, The cathode assembly, the plurality of intermediate plate assemblies and the anode assembly are sequentially arranged; the intermediate plate assembly comprises a plurality of bipolar plates arranged side by side; the cathode assembly, the bipolar plates, the adjacent bipolar plates and the anode assembly are independently provided with polar net components to form a plurality of electrolysis chambers; The cathode assembly is provided with a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, a liquid inlet groove and a liquid outlet groove; the anode assembly is provided with a liquid return groove; the intermediate plate assembly is provided with a forward liquid distribution channel, a one-way channel, a reverse liquid distribution channel and a gas-liquid channel; the liquid inlet groove is divided into two paths, one of which is connected with the forward liquid distribution channel and the other of which is connected with the one-way channel; the forward liquid distribution channel is connected with a plurality of electrolysis chambers respectively; the one-way channel is connected with the liquid return groove; the liquid return groove is connected with the reverse liquid distribution channel; the reverse liquid distribution channel is connected with a plurality of electrolysis chambers; the gas-liquid channel is connected with the liquid outlet groove and a plurality of electrolysis chambers respectively; and the liquid outlet groove is connected with the liquid outlet.

2. The electrolyzer for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume of the forward liquid distribution channel in the intermediate plate assembly is smaller than the volume of the one-way channel.

3. The electrolyzer for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized by, The bipolar plate comprises a polar frame, and a main polar plate is arranged in the polar frame. The polar net component is movably connected, bonded or welded with the bipolar plate. The polar net component comprises a first supporting net, a cathode polar net, a gasket, a diaphragm, an anode polar net and a second supporting net arranged in sequence from the cathode assembly to the anode assembly.

4. The electrolyzer for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis according to claim 3, characterized by, The polar frame has a cathode surface and an anode surface. The cathode surface and the anode surface are independently provided with at least one first forward liquid distribution hole, at least one first one-way liquid inlet hole, at least one first reverse liquid distribution hole and at least one first gas-liquid outlet hole respectively. The gasket is provided with at least two second forward liquid distribution holes, at least two second one-way liquid inlet holes, at least two second reverse liquid distribution holes and at least two second gas-liquid outlet holes. The first forward liquid distribution hole on the polar frame is connected with the second forward liquid distribution hole of the gasket on the two sides of the first forward liquid distribution hole, thereby forming the forward liquid distribution channel; the first one-way liquid inlet hole on the polar frame is connected with the second one-way liquid inlet hole of the gasket on the two sides of the first one-way liquid inlet hole, thereby forming the one-way channel; the first reverse liquid distribution hole on the polar frame is connected with the second reverse liquid distribution hole of the gasket on the two sides of the first reverse liquid distribution hole, thereby forming the reverse liquid distribution channel; and the first gas-liquid outlet hole on the polar frame is connected with the second gas-liquid outlet hole of the gasket on the two sides of the first gas-liquid outlet hole, thereby forming the gas-liquid channel.

5. The electrolyzer for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis according to claim 3, characterized by, The first supporting net and the second supporting net independently comprise a main flow area, a first auxiliary flow area and a second auxiliary flow area, and the first auxiliary flow area and the second auxiliary flow area are arranged on the two sides of the main flow area respectively. The area of the main flow area is greater than the area of the first auxiliary flow area, and the area of the first auxiliary flow area is greater than the area of the second auxiliary flow area.

6. The electrolyzer for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis according to claim 5, characterized in that, The area of the main flow area: the area of the first auxiliary flow area: the area of the second auxiliary flow area = (2.2-3) : (1.2-1.8) :

1. ​ 7. The electrolyzer for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis according to claim 6, characterized in that, The main flow area, the first sub-flow area and the second sub-flow area are independently provided with grid channels; The density of the grid channels in the main flow area > the density of the grid channels in the first sub-flow area ≥ the density of the grid channels in the second sub-flow area.

8. The electrolyzer for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis according to claim 7, characterized in that, The direction of the connecting line connecting the forward liquid distribution channel and the gas-liquid channel in the electrolytic chamber is defined as the first direction; The main flow area, the first sub-flow area and the second sub-flow area are arranged in sequence along the first direction; Along the first direction, two buffer areas are further arranged on both sides of the main flow area, and the buffer areas are cavities.

9. The electrolyzer for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cathode assembly comprises a cathode end pressure plate and a cathode end electrode plate, the cathode end electrode plate is close to the intermediate electrode plate assembly, the cathode end electrode plate is provided with a liquid inlet groove and a liquid outlet groove, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet independently penetrate the cathode end pressure plate, and are respectively communicated with the liquid inlet groove and the liquid outlet groove; The anode assembly comprises an anode end electrode plate, an insulating plate and an anode end pressure plate arranged in sequence, the anode end electrode plate is close to the intermediate electrode plate assembly, and the anode end electrode plate is provided with the liquid return groove; The anode end electrode plate is further provided with a gas-liquid collecting groove, and the gas-liquid collecting groove is communicated with the liquid outlet groove.

10. An electrolysis device, characterized by The electrolytic device comprises two electrolytic cells for hydrogen production by alkaline electrolysis of water according to any one of claims 1-9, and the two electrolytic cells are arranged side by side and in mirror symmetry.

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