Artificial blood vessel

Abstract

The utility model provides an artificial blood vessel which comprises a tubular structure, the tubular structure comprises a first layer, an elastic layer and a second layer, the first layer is sleeved with the elastic layer, and the elastic layer is sleeved with the second layer; the second layer comprises a spiral rib and a protective layer; the spiral protruding edge spirally extends in the axial direction of the artificial blood vessel, and the protective layer covers the outer surface of the spiral protruding edge. The elastic layer of the artificial blood vessel can be automatically closed after puncture, leakage of the artificial blood vessel is avoided, meanwhile, the artificial blood vessel has enough strength and flexibility, and a long-term effective dialysis channel is provided for a patient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to an artificial blood vessel. Background Technology

[0002] Dialysis treatment for individuals with kidney failure requires drawing blood and circulating it through a dialysis machine to manage the failing kidneys. This process, known as hemodialysis, must be repeated at regular intervals (e.g., three times a week), necessitating repeated punctures using a dialysis needle. A relatively large needle is required to facilitate the high flow rates needed during dialysis. Inserting a large-bore needle into an autogenous arteriovenous access can cause trauma, catheter degeneration, hematoma formation, pseudoaneurysm formation, loss of patency, and even bleeding or phlebotomy. Currently, autogenous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and artificial arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are the primary methods for constructing upper limb hemodialysis access.

[0003] Artificial arteriovenous fistulas are vascular surgical techniques used to artificially create a short circuit between an artery and a vein, providing a long-term and effective vascular access for extracorporeal circulation during hemodialysis.

[0004] The human body's own blood vessel structure consists of three layers: the intima, media, and adventitia. However, most of the synthetic artificial blood vessels currently available are single-layered structures and suffer from problems such as poor antithrombotic ability, restenosis caused by neointimal hyperplasia, and bleeding, making it difficult to meet the needs. Artificial blood vessels used by dialysis patients also have the same complication problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an artificial blood vessel that can reduce complications.

[0006] This utility model provides an artificial blood vessel, which includes a tubular structure. The tubular structure includes a first layer, an elastic layer, and a second layer, wherein the elastic layer is sleeved outside the first layer, and the second layer is sleeved outside the elastic layer. The second layer includes a spiral protrusion and a protective layer. The spiral protrusion includes a spiral protrusion that extends spirally along the axial direction of the artificial blood vessel, and the protective layer covers the outer surface of the spiral protrusion.

[0007] In one embodiment, the second layer further includes a base layer that covers the elastic layer, and the helical ridges are wound around the base layer.

[0008] In one embodiment, the elastic layer comprises polyurethane.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first and second layers comprise polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0010] In one embodiment, the artificial blood vessel further includes an anticoagulant layer that covers the inner wall of the first layer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the artificial blood vessel further includes a plurality of spacing markers, which are spaced apart on the outer surface of the tubular structure.

[0012] In one embodiment, the radial projection of the spacing marker along the artificial blood vessel coincides with the central axis of the artificial blood vessel.

[0013] In one embodiment, the artificial blood vessel further includes a reinforcing line that extends along the axial direction of the artificial blood vessel and penetrates and exits the second layer multiple times in the radial direction of the artificial blood vessel. The reinforcing line is exposed at multiple portions of the outer wall of the artificial blood vessel to form multiple spacing markers.

[0014] In one embodiment, the tubular structure has a first end and a second end, wherein the outer diameter of the first end is smaller than the outer diameter of the second end.

[0015] In one embodiment, the tubular structure has a small-diameter section, a variable-diameter section, and a large-diameter section connected in sequence, the end of the small-diameter section forming the first end, and the end of the large-diameter section forming the second end; the outer diameter of the variable-diameter section gradually increases along the direction from the small-diameter section to the large-diameter section.

[0016] The elastic layer of this artificial blood vessel automatically closes after puncture, preventing leakage. The first and second layers clamp the elastic layer, ensuring the overall strength of the artificial blood vessel. The spiral ridges of the second layer improve the flexibility of the artificial blood vessel, preventing wrinkles from forming when the vessel bends, thus reducing the flow area. The protective layer of the second layer fixes and protects the spiral ridges. This artificial blood vessel possesses both sufficient strength and flexibility, providing patients with a long-term and effective dialysis pathway. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a radial cross-sectional view of the artificial blood vessel in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a front view (partially shown as a sectional view) of the artificial blood vessel in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0020] Figure 4This is a front view of the artificial blood vessel in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is an axial sectional view of the artificial blood vessel in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a front view of the artificial blood vessel in Embodiment 3 of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a front view of an artificial blood vessel in another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0026] To more clearly describe the structure of this application, the term "axial" is defined herein as referring to its length direction, and "radial" is defined as the direction perpendicular to the "axial".

[0027] Example 1

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an artificial blood vessel 100, which includes: a tubular structure 110, the tubular structure 110 including a first layer 111, an elastic layer 112, and a second layer 113, wherein the elastic layer 112 is sleeved outside the first layer 111, and the second layer 113 is sleeved outside the elastic layer 112; as shown Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the second layer 113 includes a spiral ridge 1131 and a protective layer 1132; the spiral ridge 1131 extends spirally along the axial direction of the artificial blood vessel 100, and the protective layer 1132 covers the outer surface of the spiral ridge 1131.

[0029] In this embodiment, the elastic layer 112 comprises polyurethane, which automatically closes upon puncture. In other embodiments, the elastic layer comprises silicone.

[0030] In this embodiment, both the first layer 111 and the second layer 113 comprise polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The second layer 113 further comprises a base layer 1133, which is a PTFE film covering the elastic layer 112. The base layer 1133 has a large contact area with the elastic layer 112, which is beneficial to improving the overall reliability of the artificial blood vessel 100. The spiral ridge 1131 is formed by spirally winding PTFE thread around the base layer 1133, and the PTFE thread winding around the base layer 1133 forms a spiral ridge 1131 protruding from the outer surface of the base layer 1133. The protective layer 1132 is a PTFE film covering the spiral ridge 1131, and the outer surface of the artificial blood vessel 100 still retains the outline of the spiral ridge 1131 after the protective layer 1132 is applied. Compared to a structure where the spiral protrusions are located inside the elastic layer, in this embodiment the spiral protrusions 1131 are located outside the elastic layer 112. The elastic layer 112 will not undergo significant deformation, and the thickness of each part of the elastic layer 112 is relatively uniform, which is beneficial for rapid closure after puncture.

[0031] In other embodiments, the second layer does not include the base layer, and the helical ridges are directly wound around the outside of the elastic layer.

[0032] In this embodiment, the elastic layer 112 of the artificial blood vessel 100 can automatically close after puncture, preventing leakage. The first layer 111 and the second layer 113 clamp the elastic layer 112, ensuring the overall strength of the artificial blood vessel 100. The spiral ridges 1131 of the second layer 113 improve the flexibility of the artificial blood vessel 100, preventing wrinkles from forming when the artificial blood vessel 100 bends, thus reducing the flow area. The protective layer 1132 of the second layer 113 provides fixation and protection for the spiral ridges 1131. The artificial blood vessel 100 of this invention possesses both sufficient strength and flexibility, providing patients with a long-term and effective dialysis access.

[0033] The artificial blood vessel 100 in this embodiment further includes an anticoagulant layer 114, which covers the inner wall of the first layer 111. The anticoagulant layer 114 can effectively prevent thrombus formation and avoid restenosis caused by intimal hyperplasia in the artificial blood vessel 100. The anticoagulant layer 114 includes one or more of heparin, thrombomodulin, and hirudin.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The artificial blood vessel 200 in this embodiment has a basically the same structure as the artificial blood vessel 100 in Embodiment 1. The main difference is that the artificial blood vessel 200 in this embodiment also includes a plurality of spacing marks 220, which are spaced apart on the outer surface of the tubular structure 210 of the artificial blood vessel 200. The color of the spacing marks 220 is different from the color of the tubular structure 210.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, the length of the spacing marker 220 is S. In this embodiment, S = 10 mm, and the interval length L between each spacing marker 220 is 10 mm. The spacing marker 220 marks the overall length of the artificial blood vessel 200. When the artificial blood vessel 200 needs to be trimmed to obtain a suitable length during surgery, the spacing marker 220 can assist the doctor in quickly determining the cutting position. In other embodiments, the length S of the spacing marker and the interval length L can be 20 mm, 50 mm, etc.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, the radial projection of the spacing marker 220 along the artificial blood vessel 200 coincides with the central axis of the artificial blood vessel 200. During suturing, the spacing marker 220 can assist the doctor in observing whether the artificial blood vessel 200 is bent or twisted, so that it can be corrected in time if bending or twisting occurs.

[0038] like Figure 5 As shown, the artificial blood vessel 200 further includes a reinforcing line 230. The reinforcing line 230 extends along the axial direction of the artificial blood vessel 200 and repeatedly enters and exits the second layer 213 in the radial direction of the artificial blood vessel 200. Multiple portions of the reinforcing line 230 exposed on the outer wall of the artificial blood vessel 200 form multiple spacing markers 220. On one hand, the portions of the reinforcing line 230 exposed on the outer wall of the artificial blood vessel 200 can serve as spacing markers 220. On the other hand, the reinforcing line 230 can reinforce the second layer 213. In this embodiment, the reinforcing line 230 is a PTFE line.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] The artificial blood vessel 300 in this embodiment has a basically the same structure as the artificial blood vessel 100 in embodiment 1, such as... Figure 6As shown, the main difference lies in that the tubular structure 310 of the artificial blood vessel 300 in this embodiment has a first end 315 and a second end 316, and the outer diameter of the first end 315 is smaller than the outer diameter of the second end 316. This is because the diameter of the vein at the implantation site is larger than that of the vein, so the first end 315 with a smaller outer diameter is used to connect with the artery, and the second end 316 with a larger outer diameter is used to connect with the vein.

[0041] In this embodiment, the tubular structure 310 has a small-diameter segment 317, a variable-diameter segment 318, and a large-diameter segment 319 connected in sequence. The end of the small-diameter segment 317 forms the first end 315, and the end of the large-diameter segment 319 forms the second end 316. The outer diameter of the variable-diameter segment 318 gradually increases from the small-diameter segment 317 to the large-diameter segment 319. The end of the small-diameter segment 317 is used to connect with an artery, and the end of the large-diameter segment 319 is used to connect with a vein. Both the small-diameter segment 317 and the large-diameter segment 319 have a certain length, and the surgeon can trim the large-diameter segment 319 or the small-diameter segment 317 during surgery according to the actual situation. After trimming, both ends of the artificial blood vessel 300 retain their original outer diameter.

[0042] In other embodiments, to facilitate the connection between the artificial blood vessel 300a and the autologous blood vessel, both the first end 315a and the second end 316a are inclined relative to the central axis of the artificial blood vessel 300a.

[0043] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0044] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An artificial blood vessel, characterized in that, include: A tubular structure comprising a first layer, an elastic layer, and a second layer, wherein the elastic layer is sleeved outside the first layer, and the second layer is sleeved outside the elastic layer; the second layer comprises a spiral protrusion and a protective layer; the spiral protrusion extends spirally along the axial direction of the artificial blood vessel, and the protective layer covers the outer surface of the spiral protrusion.

2. The artificial blood vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second layer also includes a base layer that covers the elastic layer, and the spiral ridges are wrapped around the base layer.

3. The artificial blood vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic layer comprises polyurethane.

4. The artificial blood vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first and second layers comprise polytetrafluoroethylene.

5. The artificial blood vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The artificial blood vessel also includes an anticoagulant layer that covers the inner wall of the first layer.

6. The artificial blood vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The artificial blood vessel also includes multiple spacing markers, which are spaced apart on the outer surface of the tubular structure.

7. The artificial blood vessel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The radial projection of the spacing marker along the artificial blood vessel coincides with the central axis of the artificial blood vessel.

8. The artificial blood vessel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The artificial blood vessel also includes a reinforcing line that extends along the axial direction of the artificial blood vessel and penetrates and exits the second layer multiple times in the radial direction of the artificial blood vessel. Multiple portions of the reinforcing line exposed on the outer wall of the artificial blood vessel form multiple spacing markers.

9. The artificial blood vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tubular structure has a first end and a second end, wherein the outer diameter of the first end is smaller than the outer diameter of the second end.

10. The artificial blood vessel according to claim 9, characterized in that, The tubular structure has a small-diameter section, a variable-diameter section and a large-diameter section connected in sequence. The end of the small-diameter section forms the first end, and the end of the large-diameter section forms the second end. The outer diameter of the variable-diameter section gradually increases along the direction from the small-diameter section to the large-diameter section.

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