Landscape modeling barrage for fish migration

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of water conservancy construction, and particularly discloses a landscape modeling barrage for fish migration, the barrage comprises a weir body, the top of the weir body is sequentially provided with a traffic stepping stone and multiple stages of water drop units along the water flow direction, and the first stage of water drop unit adjacent to the traffic stepping stone is provided with landscape green plants. A stilling pool is arranged on the downstream side of the final-stage hydraulic drop unit, and a sea curtain is arranged on the downstream side of the stilling pool; and an ecological channel for fish migration is arranged on the retaining wall on one side of the weir body along the water flow direction. The landscape modeling barrage capable of allowing the fishes to migrate has the remarkable advantages in the aspects of fish migration supporting, ecological connectivity improving, landscape and ecological function fusion, multi-function integration, safety, durability, economical efficiency, practicability and the like. And a new technical path and a new solution are provided for sustainable development of water conservancy projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of water conservancy construction technology, specifically relating to a landscape-shaped weir that allows fish to migrate. Background Technology

[0002] Weirs, as an important structural form in water conservancy projects, are widely used in flood control, irrigation, water resource allocation, and landscaping. However, traditional weir designs often focus on functionality and structural stability, neglecting their impact on the ecological environment, especially fish migration and ecological connectivity. Because many weirs obstruct fish migration, biodiversity and ecosystem functions in upstream and downstream waters are significantly affected.

[0003] In recent years, with the deepening promotion of the concepts of ecological protection and sustainable development, the design of weirs has gradually shifted towards an eco-friendly direction, balancing engineering functions with ecological benefits. Traditional ecological improvement measures include the construction of fishways, ecological terraces, or bypass channels, but these measures often fail to achieve ideal results in practical applications due to high costs, maintenance difficulties, or insufficient adaptability. Furthermore, with the acceleration of urbanization, the role of river landscape design in urban ecosystems is becoming increasingly important, leading to higher demands on the landscape functions of weirs.

[0004] While existing technologies have achieved a certain degree of integration between ecological protection and landscape beautification, they generally suffer from the following problems:

[0005] 1. Lack of integration between landscape and ecological function: Many dam designs neglect the comprehensive coordination of landscape and ecological function, resulting in the dam body shape being inconsistent with the surrounding environment, affecting aesthetics and the realization of ecological function.

[0006] 2. Limited effectiveness of fish migration channels: Some fishway designs fail to fully consider the migratory characteristics of fish, such as their swimming ability, migratory behavior, and adaptability to water flow speed, resulting in poor actual effectiveness.

[0007] 3. High construction and maintenance costs: The high cost of ecological and landscape improvement measures poses significant challenges to project implementation and subsequent maintenance, limiting their promotion and application.

[0008] Therefore, how to simultaneously consider fish migration, ecological protection, and landscape beautification in the design of stacked weirs has become a crucial issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the field of water conservancy engineering design. To this end, this paper proposes a landscape-oriented stacked weir that facilitates fish migration, aiming to achieve an organic combination of engineering functions and ecological benefits, and providing a new technical path for the sustainable development of water conservancy projects. Utility Model Content

[0009] To address extreme or unpredictable events such as rising water levels and floods in small watersheds, this invention aims to provide a flexible, ecological, and landscape-designed tiered weir that facilitates fish migration, thus solving the aforementioned problems and fully protecting fish migration routes. This invention offers better weir design ideas for small watersheds, achieving a combination of functional and ecological environmental protection needs, thereby better supporting water security and aquatic ecological development in small watersheds.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0011] A landscape-designed weir for fish migration includes a weir body. The top of the weir body has stepping stones and multi-tiered waterfall units arranged sequentially in the direction of water flow. Landscape greenery is installed on the first-tier waterfall unit adjacent to the stepping stones. A stilling basin is located downstream of the last-tier waterfall unit, and a sea curtain is installed downstream of the stilling basin. An ecological channel for fish migration is provided on a retaining wall on one side of the weir body in the direction of water flow.

[0012] As a further optimization of this utility model, the weir body is provided with anti-drowning steps on the side against the water flow direction.

[0013] As a further optimization of this utility model, L-shaped baffles are staggered in the direction of water flow within the ecological channel, and a gate is provided at the upstream end of the ecological channel.

[0014] As a further optimization of this utility model, the traffic stepping stones include a first reinforced concrete layer disposed on the top of the weir and a plurality of granite slabs spaced apart on the top of the first reinforced concrete layer.

[0015] As a further optimization of this utility model, each stage of the drop structure includes a second reinforced concrete layer disposed on top of the weir body and a granite layer disposed on top of the second reinforced concrete layer.

[0016] As a further optimization of this utility model, the landscape greenery includes a landscape planting trough embedded in the first-level waterfall unit, a planting soil layer filled in the landscape planting trough, aquatic plants planted on the planting soil layer, and a layer of large pebbles placed on the surface of the planting soil layer.

[0017] As a further optimization of this utility model, the elevation of the stilling basin is lower than that of the final stage drop unit, and the stilling basin includes a coarse sand layer, a small gravel layer, a medium gravel layer and a third reinforced concrete layer arranged from bottom to top.

[0018] As a further optimization of this utility model, the stilling pool is provided with an expansion joint in the horizontal direction, with a rubber waterstop inside, and the joint is filled with polyethylene closed-cell foam board. The joint between the stilling pool and the retaining wall is filled with polyethylene closed-cell foam board.

[0019] As a further optimization of this utility model, the middle part of the multi-level cascading water unit adopts the shape of a ginkgo leaf, and the two sides adopt the shape of arc lines.

[0020] As a further optimization of this utility model, the eel is set at the same height as the stilling pool, and the sea mantle includes a gravel cushion layer and a dry-laid stone layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following significant advantages and beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. By setting up an ecological channel on one side of the weir and equipping it with L-shaped baffles and gates, a safe and smooth migration route is provided for fish, effectively solving the problem of traditional weirs obstructing fish migration. The design of the ecological channel not only considers the swimming ability and migration behavior of fish, but also increases the complexity of water flow through the staggered L-shaped baffles, providing fish with more habitat and refuge space.

[0023] 2. The landscape design of the weir (such as ginkgo leaves and cascading waterfalls with curved lines) harmonizes with the surrounding environment, enhancing the overall landscape effect. It also incorporates local cultural elements from the small watershed, highlighting the regional water culture characteristics. The introduction of landscape greenery not only beautifies the environment but also improves water purification capacity through the placement of aquatic plants and large pebble layers, providing a more suitable living environment for fish.

[0024] 3. The weir integrates multiple functions such as flood control, water storage, agricultural irrigation, transportation, recreation, and landscaping, achieving an organic combination of engineering functions and ecological benefits. The stepping stones facilitate pedestrian passage and recreation, enhancing the public and interactive nature of the weir. The design of the stilling basin and sea curtain effectively dissipates the energy of the water flow, prevents erosion damage, and ensures the structural safety of the weir.

[0025] 4. The anti-drowning steps provide a safe and reliable rest and viewing area for tourists, enhancing the safety of the weir. All components of the weir (such as stepping stones, drop structures, and stilling basins) are constructed using high-quality materials and advanced technology, ensuring the durability and stability of the structure.

[0026] 5. This utility model, while ensuring functionality and aesthetics, fully considers construction and maintenance costs. Through reasonable structural design and material selection, it reduces the difficulty and cost of project implementation and subsequent maintenance. The design of the weir fully considers the actual conditions and needs of small watersheds, possessing high practicality and adaptability, and is easy to promote and apply. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a plan view of a landscape-style embankment designed for fish migration according to this utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction.

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction.

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the CC direction.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a plan view of the ecological channel of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the EE direction.

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Cross-sectional view along the FF direction.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Weir; 2. Stepping stones; 21. First reinforced concrete layer; 22. Granite slab; 3. Waterfall unit; 31. Second reinforced concrete layer; 32. Granite layer; 4. Landscape vegetation; 41. Landscape planting trough; 42. Planting soil layer; 43. Large pebble layer; 5. Stilling basin; 51. Coarse sand layer; 52. Small gravel layer; 53. Medium gravel layer; 54. Third reinforced concrete layer; 6. Sea curtain; 61. Gravel cushion layer; 62. Dry-laid stone layer; 7. Ecological channel; 71. L-shaped baffle; 8. Drowning prevention steps; 9. Retaining wall. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the preferred embodiments of this utility model are described below in conjunction with specific examples. However, it should be understood that the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting this patent. For better illustration of this embodiment, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. For those skilled in the art, the omission of certain well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings is understandable. The positional relationships described in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting this patent.

[0036] This embodiment aims to design and construct a landscape-style weir that integrates flood control, water storage, agricultural irrigation, transportation and recreation, landscaping, and fish migration functions. Located within a small watershed, this weir needs to cope with extreme or unpredictable events such as rising water levels and floods, while simultaneously protecting biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the upstream and downstream waters.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model discloses a landscape-style weir for fish migration, comprising a weir body 1, stepping stones 2, multi-tiered cascade units 3, landscape greenery 4, stilling basin 5, sea curtain 6, ecological channel 7, and anti-drowning steps 8. This design can provide a weir in a small watershed that combines landscape recreation, stepping stones, fish migration, and water storage for irrigation, thereby better supporting human activities and the healthy development of the aquatic ecosystem in the small watershed. The specific design is as follows:

[0038] In some examples, such as Figure 2 As shown, weir body 1 serves as the foundation structure of the entire weir dam. Weir body 1 is constructed using C20 embedded stone concrete (20% embedded stone ratio) to ensure the stability and durability of the structure.

[0039] In some examples, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the traffic stepping stones 2 are set on top of the weir 1 to facilitate pedestrian passage and recreation. The traffic stepping stones 2 have a first reinforced concrete layer 21 as the base, on which multiple granite slabs 22 are laid at intervals, which is both aesthetically pleasing and practical. Specifically, the first reinforced concrete layer 21 is 20cm thick C25 reinforced concrete, reinforced with a single layer of bidirectional Φ14@200 steel bars, and the granite slabs 22 are 5cm thick.

[0040] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, three drop structures 3 are sequentially arranged at the top of the weir 1 along the direction of water flow. The number of drop structures 3 can be determined according to the actual water level requirements and elevation differences. Each drop structure 3 has a second reinforced concrete layer 31 as its base, upon which a granite layer 32 is laid. The design of the drop structures 3 not only has an aesthetic function but also effectively slows down the water flow and reduces scouring. The central drop structure 3 features a ginkgo leaf shape, while the sides employ curved lines to enhance the visual effect. Specifically, the second reinforced concrete layer 31 is 20cm thick C25 reinforced concrete, reinforced with a single layer of bidirectional Φ14@200 steel bars, and the granite layer 32 is 5cm thick.

[0041] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, landscape greenery 4 is installed on the first-level waterfall unit 3 adjacent to the traffic stepping stones 2, including landscape planting troughs 41, planting soil layer 42, aquatic plants, and a layer of large pebbles 43. The landscape planting troughs 41 are also made of C25 reinforced concrete. The planting not only beautifies the environment but also improves water quality, providing a suitable living environment for fish. Considering the potential for flash floods, large pebbles are placed inside the planting troughs to enhance impact resistance and prevent the plants from being washed away by floods.

[0042] In some examples, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the stilling basin 5 is located downstream of the final drop unit 3 to dissipate water flow energy and prevent scouring damage. A sill-type stilling basin 5 is adopted, consisting of a coarse sand layer 51, a small gravel layer 52, a medium gravel layer 53, and a third reinforced concrete layer 54, providing excellent energy dissipation. The bottom slab of the stilling basin 5 (i.e., the third reinforced concrete layer 54) is 50cm thick and 0.5m deep. A 45cm sand and gravel filter layer is provided below the bottom slab, consisting of a 15cm medium gravel layer 53, a 15cm small gravel layer 52, and a 15cm coarse sand layer 51. DN50 PVC drainage pipes are laid in the bottom slab at 2m intervals in a staggered pattern. Simultaneously, an expansion joint with a width of 2cm is provided every 10m in the stilling basin 5, with an internal rubber waterstop and caulking with polyethylene closed-cell foam board. The joint with the retaining wall 9 is also caulking with polyethylene closed-cell foam board to ensure structural stability and durability.

[0043] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the sea mantle 6 is located on the downstream side of the stilling basin 5, at the same height as the stilling basin 5. The sea mantle 6 consists of a crushed stone cushion layer 61 and a dry-laid stone layer 62, which can both beautify the landscape and further dissipate the energy of the water flow.

[0044] In some examples, such as Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, ecological channel 7 is located on the retaining wall 9 on one side of the weir 1, with L-shaped baffles 71 staggered along the water flow direction to provide a migration channel and resting space for fish. The outlet of ecological channel 7 smoothly connects to the downstream riverbed. A gate is installed at the upstream end of ecological channel 7 to regulate the water flow as needed, ensuring the needs of fish migration and water storage for irrigation. When water storage is required, the gate of the fish passage (ecological channel 7) can be temporarily closed. The concrete retaining wall 9 has a strength grade of C25. The retaining wall 9 is divided into joints every 10m, with a joint width of 2cm, and the joints are filled with polyethylene closed-cell foam board. The joint between the weir 1 and the retaining wall 9 has a joint width of 2cm and is filled with polyethylene closed-cell foam board.

[0045] In some examples, such as Figure 2As shown, the anti-drowning steps 8 are set on the side of the weir body 1 in the opposite direction of the water flow, providing a safe and reliable rest and viewing area for tourists.

[0046] The weir design in this embodiment organically combines engineering functions with ecological benefits, providing a new technical path for the sustainable development of water conservancy projects. The expected results are as follows:

[0047] Supporting fish migration: By designing ecological channels, safe and reliable migration routes are provided for fish, improving ecological connectivity.

[0048] Improve the ecological environment: By designing landscape greenery and stilling basins, improve water quality and provide a suitable living environment for aquatic organisms.

[0049] Landscape enhancement: The design of multi-tiered waterfall units, landscape greenery, and sea curtains enhances the landscape effect and improves the overall aesthetics of the watershed.

[0050] Flood control and water storage: Through the design of weirs and stilling basins, it effectively copes with extreme situations such as rising water levels and floods, while meeting the needs of water storage and irrigation.

[0051] Transportation and Recreation: The design of stepping stones and anti-drowning steps provides tourists with safe and reliable passage and viewing areas, enhancing the tourism value of the watershed.

[0052] In summary, the landscape-shaped weir of this utility model, which supports fish migration, demonstrates significant advantages in supporting fish migration, improving ecological connectivity, integrating landscape and ecological functions, multifunctional integration, safety and durability, as well as economy and practicality, providing a new technical path and solution for the sustainable development of water conservancy projects.

[0053] Based on the description and drawings of this utility model, those skilled in the art can easily manufacture or use the landscape-shaped weir of this utility model that allows fish to migrate, and can produce the positive effects described in this utility model.

[0054] Unless otherwise specified, in this utility model, terms such as "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe orientation or positional relationships in this utility model are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting this patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and according to the specific circumstances.

[0055] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" in this utility model should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0056] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A landscape-style weir for fish migration, the weir comprising a weir body (1), characterized in that: The top of the weir (1) is provided with stepping stones (2) and multi-stage waterfall units (3) in the direction of water flow. Landscape plants (4) are provided on the first waterfall unit (3) adjacent to the stepping stones (2). A stilling pool (5) is provided on the downstream side of the last waterfall unit (3). A sea curtain (6) is provided on the downstream side of the stilling pool (5). An ecological channel (7) for fish migration is provided on the retaining wall (9) on one side of the weir (1) in the direction of water flow.

2. The landscape-shaped weir for fish migration as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The weir (1) is provided with anti-drowning steps (8) on the side against the water flow direction.

3. The landscape-shaped weir for fish migration as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological channel (7) is provided with L-shaped baffles (71) arranged alternately in the direction of water flow, and a gate is provided at the upstream end of the ecological channel (7).

4. The landscape-shaped weir for fish migration as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The traffic stepping stones (2) include a first reinforced concrete layer (21) disposed on the top of the weir (1) and a plurality of granite slabs (22) spaced apart on the top of the first reinforced concrete layer (21).

5. The landscape-shaped weir for fish migration as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the stepped drop units (3) includes a second reinforced concrete layer (31) disposed on top of the weir body (1) and a granite layer (32) disposed on top of the second reinforced concrete layer (31).

6. The landscape-shaped weir for fish migration as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The landscape greenery (4) includes a landscape planting trough (41) embedded in the first-level waterfall unit (3), a planting soil layer (42) filled in the landscape planting trough (41), aquatic plants planted on the planting soil layer (42), and a layer of large pebbles (43) placed on the surface of the planting soil layer (42).

7. The landscape-shaped weir for fish migration as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The elevation of the stilling basin (5) is lower than that of the final drop unit (3). The stilling basin (5) includes a coarse sand layer (51), a small gravel layer (52), a medium gravel layer (53), and a third reinforced concrete layer (54) arranged from bottom to top.

8. The landscape-shaped weir for fish migration as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The stilling basin (5) is provided with an expansion joint in the horizontal direction, with a rubber waterstop inside, and is caulked with polyethylene closed-cell foam board. The joint between the stilling basin (5) and the retaining wall (9) is caulked with polyethylene closed-cell foam board.

9. The landscape-shaped weir for fish migration as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The middle part of the multi-level waterfall unit (3) is shaped like a ginkgo leaf, and the sides are shaped like arc lines.

10. The landscape-shaped weir for fish migration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sea mantle is set at the same height as the stilling pool (5), and the sea mantle (6) includes a crushed stone cushion layer (61) and a dry-laid stone layer (62) arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

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