Single battery and battery system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a single battery and battery system, including shell and battery cell, the shell is provided with the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet that the electrolyte flows through in the shell, the battery cell is arranged in the shell, and the battery cell has the first end and the second end that are arranged oppositely, the first end is the current collecting end that the battery cell gathers the current, and the second end is the current collecting end that the battery cell gathers the current. The liquid inlet is connected to the first end, and the liquid outlet is connected to the second end. According to the single battery disclosed by the utility model, thermal management such as cooling and the like can be carried out from the interior of the battery through the electrolyte, so that the thermal management efficiency is improved, and secondly, the electrolyte can firstly flow through high-temperature parts and areas in the single battery through the connection design of the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet, so that the thermal management effect is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a single cell battery and a battery system. Background Technology

[0002] To achieve thermal management of batteries such as lithium batteries, current lithium batteries mostly use liquid cooling plates. This thermal management method only cools the surface of the battery, and the overall cooling effect is limited by the battery's own heat conduction. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0004] Therefore, this utility model embodiment proposes a single-cell battery that can perform thermal management such as cooling from inside the battery through electrolyte, thereby improving the efficiency of thermal management. Furthermore, through the connection design of the inlet and outlet, the electrolyte can first flow through the high-temperature components and areas inside the single-cell battery, further improving the effect of thermal management.

[0005] This utility model embodiment also proposes a battery system including the above-mentioned single cell.

[0006] The single-cell battery of this utility model embodiment includes:

[0007] The housing is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the electrolyte to flow through the housing.

[0008] The battery cell is disposed inside the housing and has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other. The first end is the current collecting end of the battery cell, the liquid inlet is connected to the first end, and the liquid outlet is connected to the second end.

[0009] In some embodiments, the housing includes a drainage tube that passes through the housing, one end of the drainage tube being located inside the housing and extending to the second end, and the other end of the drainage tube protruding from the outside of the housing and forming the outlet.

[0010] In some embodiments, both the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are located at the first end, and in the relative direction between the first end and the second end, both the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are located on the side of the first end away from the second end and are spaced apart from the battery cell.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first end is the upper end of the battery cell, and the second end is the lower end of the battery cell;

[0012] And / or, a portion of the drainage tube located within the housing extends along the opposite directions of the first end and the second end.

[0013] In some embodiments, there are multiple battery cells stacked within the housing. Each battery cell has a first longitudinal side and a second longitudinal side arranged opposite to each other. The liquid inlet is located between the first longitudinal sides of two adjacent battery cells, and the liquid outlet is located between the second longitudinal sides of two adjacent battery cells.

[0014] In some embodiments, the relative direction between the first end and the second end is a first direction, the relative direction between the first longitudinal side and the second longitudinal side is a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are arranged perpendicularly.

[0015] In some embodiments, a first groove is formed between the first longitudinal sides of two adjacent cells, the first groove extends along the second direction, and the liquid inlet is disposed in the first groove; a second groove is formed between the second longitudinal sides of two adjacent cells, the second groove extends along the second direction, and the liquid outlet is disposed in the second groove.

[0016] In some embodiments, in the first direction, a first cavity is defined between the first end and the shell wall of the housing, and a second cavity is defined between the second end and the shell wall of the housing. The first groove and the second groove are both connected between the first cavity and the second cavity, and the liquid inlet is connected to the first cavity and the liquid outlet is connected to the second cavity.

[0017] And / or, two adjacent cells are spaced apart and a gap is defined, the gap being in communication with the first slot and the second slot;

[0018] And / or, the first longitudinal side has an arc-shaped cross-section perpendicular to the first direction and protrudes outward from the battery cell;

[0019] And / or, the second longitudinal side has an arc-shaped cross-section perpendicular to the first direction and protrudes outward from the cell.

[0020] The battery system of this utility model embodiment includes a single battery cell as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0021] In some embodiments, a plurality of individual cells are included, and the plurality of individual cells are stacked together.

[0022] It includes an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and multiple bridge pipes. The inlet pipe is connected to one of the single cells, the outlet pipe is connected to another single cell, and the multiple bridge pipes are respectively connected between two of the multiple single cells to connect the multiple single cells in series between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe.

[0023] Alternatively, it may include an inlet manifold and an outlet manifold, with multiple individual cells disposed between the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold, and each individual cell being connected to both the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The single cell and battery system of this utility model embodiment can perform thermal management such as cooling from the inside of the battery through electrolyte, thereby improving the efficiency of thermal management. Secondly, through the connection design of the inlet and outlet, the electrolyte can first flow through the high-temperature components and areas inside the single cell, further improving the effect of thermal management. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a single battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows the rear side of the image.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a battery system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure label:

[0032] 100-cell battery;

[0033] 1-Shell; 11-Top cover; 12-Bottom shell; 13-Inlet; 14-Outlet; 15-Drainage tube;

[0034] 2-Cell; 21-First end; 22-Second end; 23-First longitudinal side; 24-Second longitudinal side;

[0035] 3-First groove; 4-Second groove; 5-Gap; 6-First cavity; 7-Second cavity;

[0036] 200 - Inlet pipe; 300 - Outlet pipe; 400 - Bridge pipe; 500 - Main inlet pipe; 600 - Main outlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the single-cell battery 100 of this utility model embodiment includes a casing 1 and a cell 2.

[0039] The housing 1 is provided with an inlet 13 and an outlet 14 for the electrolyte to flow through the housing 1. For example, Figure 1 As shown, the shell 1 can be generally rectangular. The shell 1 can be divided into two parts and can include an upper cover 11 and a bottom shell 12. The top of the bottom shell 12 can be open and have an opening. The upper cover 11 can cover the opening of the bottom shell 12 and seal the opening.

[0040] Both the inlet 13 and the outlet 14 can be located on the bottom shell 12. The inlet 13 can be located on the left side wall of the bottom shell 12, and the outlet 14 can be located on the right side wall of the bottom shell 12. In use, the electrolyte can be continuously introduced into the sealed shell 1 through the inlet 13. After flowing through the inner cavity of the shell 1, the electrolyte will be continuously discharged from the outlet 14. When the electrolyte flows through the shell 1, it can exchange heat with the battery cells 2 and other components inside the shell 1, thereby regulating and improving the operating temperature of the battery cells 2.

[0041] The battery cell 2 is located inside the housing 1, and the battery cell 2 has a first end 21 and a second end 22 arranged opposite to each other. The first end 21 is the current collecting end of the battery cell 2, the liquid inlet 13 is connected to the first end 21, and the liquid outlet 14 is connected to the second end 22.

[0042] For example, cell 2 can be a wound core; in some other embodiments, cell 2 can also be a stacked core, etc. Figure 2 As shown, the first end 21 can be the top end of the battery cell 2, and the second end 22 can be the bottom end of the battery cell 2. The first end 21 is also the current collector end of the battery cell 2. The current collector end is the end of the battery cell 2 used to lead out the current collector such as the tab. The upper cover 11 can be provided with the pole post, and the tab can be connected to the pole post, thereby meeting the use requirement of conducting the current collected by the battery cell 2 to the outside.

[0043] It should be noted that the current collector is equipped with a current collector, which has a large heat power and current density. This makes the current collector the main heat-generating area of ​​the battery, meaning that the current collector is a high-heat-generating position when the battery is running.

[0044] The liquid inlet 13 can be located on the top side of the side wall of the shell 1, and the liquid outlet 14 can be located on the bottom side of the side wall of the shell 1. Thus, the electrolyte that has just been introduced will first exchange heat with the area of ​​the collector due to its low temperature, thereby meeting the need for rapid cooling of high heat-generating locations such as the collector.

[0045] After flowing through the collector end, the electrolyte flows downward to the second end 22, thus meeting the heat exchange requirements of the entire cell 2. After heat exchange, the electrolyte can flow out from the outlet 14. The continuous flow of the electrolyte through the inlet 13 and outlet 14 within the casing 1 fully meets the cooling requirements.

[0046] The single cell 100 of this utility model embodiment can perform thermal management such as cooling from inside the battery through electrolyte, thereby improving the efficiency of thermal management. Secondly, through the connection design of the inlet 13 and outlet 14, the electrolyte can first flow through the high-temperature components and areas inside the single cell 100, further improving the effect of thermal management.

[0047] In some embodiments, the housing 1 includes a drainage tube 15 that passes through the housing 1, with one end of the drainage tube 15 located inside the housing 1 and extending to a second end 22, and the other end of the drainage tube 15 protruding from the outside of the housing 1 to form a liquid outlet 14.

[0048] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the drainage tube 15 can be cylindrical and can be located on the right side of the housing 1 and adjacent to the right side wall of the housing 1. The drainage tube 15 can generally extend in the vertical direction, with its bottom end extending towards the bottom of the housing 1 and its top end protruding from the right side wall of the housing 1. The opening of the drainage tube 15 located outside the housing 1 can form a liquid outlet 14.

[0049] Therefore, the outlet 14 and the second end 22 can always be kept connected through the drainage tube 15, so that the outlet 14 is not restricted by the setting position of the second end 22 and can be arranged in the corresponding position of the housing 1 according to actual needs, thus improving the flexibility of the arrangement of the outlet 14.

[0050] In some embodiments, both the liquid inlet 13 and the liquid outlet 14 are located at the first end 21, and in the relative direction of the first end 21 and the second end 22, both the liquid inlet 13 and the liquid outlet 14 are located on the side of the first end 21 away from the second end 22 and are spaced apart from the battery cell 2.

[0051] For example, such as Figure 2As shown, the first end 21 can be the upper end of the battery cell 2, and the second end 22 can be the lower end of the battery cell 2. Both the liquid inlet 13 and the liquid outlet 14 can be located on the top of the housing 1, and both the liquid inlet 13 and the liquid outlet 14 can be located above the top end face of the battery cell 2. Thus, the liquid inlet 13 and the liquid outlet 14 can be located on the same side of the housing 1, which is beneficial to improving the convenience of installation, maintenance, replacement and other operations.

[0052] In some embodiments, a portion of the drainage tube 15 located within the housing 1 extends along the opposite directions of the first end 21 and the second end 22. For example, as Figure 2 As shown, the first end 21 and the second end 22 can be arranged opposite each other in the vertical direction, and the drainage tube 15 can be arranged to extend in the vertical direction, which helps to simplify the installation of the drainage tube 15.

[0053] It should be noted that the vertical arrangement of the first end 21 and the second end 22 means that when the electrolyte is introduced into the first end 21, the electrolyte at the second end 22 tends to flow automatically along the drain pipe 15 to the outlet 14 due to the gravity of the electrolyte inside the shell 1, thus facilitating the discharge of the electrolyte inside the shell 1.

[0054] In some embodiments, there are multiple battery cells 2, which are stacked and arranged in the housing 1. Each battery cell 2 has a first longitudinal side 23 and a second longitudinal side 24 arranged opposite to each other. The liquid inlet 13 is located between the first longitudinal sides 23 of two adjacent battery cells 2, and the liquid outlet 14 is located between the second longitudinal sides 24 of two adjacent battery cells 2.

[0055] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, there can be two battery cells 2. In some other embodiments, there can be one, four, or more battery cells 2. The two battery cells 2 can be stacked in the front-to-back direction. The first longitudinal side 23 can be the left wall of the battery cell 2, and the second longitudinal side 24 can be the right wall of the battery cell 2. In the front-to-back direction, the liquid inlet 13 can be located between the two first longitudinal sides 23, and the liquid outlet 14 can be located between the two second longitudinal sides 24.

[0056] This allows the electrolyte to flow in and out from a relatively central position, which helps to improve the uniformity of electrolyte distribution during flow and thus ensures sufficient heat exchange.

[0057] In some embodiments, the relative direction of the first end 21 and the second end 22 is a first direction, and the relative direction of the first longitudinal side 23 and the second longitudinal side 24 is a second direction, with the first direction and the second direction arranged perpendicularly. For example, as... Figure 2 As shown, the first direction can be the up or down direction, such as... Figure 3As shown, the second direction can be left and right, which allows the shell 1 and its internal structure to be roughly symmetrically distributed, thus helping to ensure the consistency of heat exchange at each location.

[0058] In some embodiments, a first groove 3 is formed between the first longitudinal sides 23 of two adjacent cells 2, the first groove 3 extends along the second direction, and an inlet 13 is provided in the first groove 3. A second groove 4 is formed between the second longitudinal sides 24 of two adjacent cells 2, the second groove 4 extends along the second direction, and an outlet 14 is provided in the second groove 4.

[0059] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the width of the first longitudinal side 23 in the front-back direction can gradually decrease from right to left, and the width of the second longitudinal side 24 in the front-back direction can gradually decrease from left to right. This allows the first longitudinal sides 23 of the two battery cells 2 to be spaced apart to form a first groove 3, and the second longitudinal sides 24 of the two battery cells 2 to be spaced apart to form a second groove 4. Both the first groove 3 and the second groove 4 can extend vertically.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, the liquid inlet 13 can be located between the first longitudinal sides 23 of the two battery cells 2 and communicate with the first tank 3, and the liquid outlet 14 can be located between the second longitudinal sides 24 of the two battery cells 2 and communicate with the second tank 4. Thus, the electrolyte can flow along the first tank 3 and the second tank 4, thereby facilitating the convection flow of the electrolyte between the first end 21 and the second end 22.

[0061] In some embodiments, in a first direction, a first cavity 6 is defined between the first end 21 and the shell wall of the housing 1, and a second cavity 7 is defined between the second end 22 and the shell wall of the housing 1. The first groove 3 and the second groove 4 are both connected between the first cavity 6 and the second cavity 7, and the liquid inlet 13 is connected to the first cavity 6 and the liquid outlet 14 is connected to the second cavity 7.

[0062] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, the battery cell 2 can be installed inside the housing 1. The top end face of the battery cell 2 can be spaced apart from the upper cover 11 to form a first cavity 6, and the bottom end face of the battery cell 2 can be spaced apart from the bottom wall of the bottom shell 12 to form a second cavity 7. The top end of the first groove 3 can communicate with the first cavity 6, and the bottom end of the first groove 3 can communicate with the second cavity 7. The top end of the second groove 4 can communicate with the first cavity 6, and the bottom end of the second groove 4 can communicate with the second cavity 7.

[0063] The liquid inlet 13 can be directly connected to the first cavity 6, and the liquid outlet 14 can be connected to the second cavity 7 through the drain pipe 15. This allows electrolyte to be evenly distributed on both the top and bottom sides of the battery cell 2, ensuring that the battery cell 2 is fully enveloped by the electrolyte and guaranteeing sufficient heat exchange.

[0064] In some embodiments, two adjacent cells 2 are arranged at intervals and a gap 5 is defined, the gap 5 being connected to the first slot 3 and the second slot 4. For example, as Figure 3 As shown, the walls of both cells 2 can be planar in the front and rear directions. The gap 5 can be distributed between the rear wall of the front cell 2 and the front wall of the rear cell 2, so that electrolyte can flow between the two cells 2, which can further improve the adequacy of heat exchange.

[0065] In some embodiments, the first longitudinal side 23 has an arc-shaped cross-section perpendicular to the first direction and protrudes outward from the cell 2. For example, as Figure 3 As shown, the cross-section of the first longitudinal side 23 can be semi-circular and can protrude to the left. This satisfies the winding and forming of the battery cell 2 on the one hand, and also facilitates the restriction of the first groove 3 between the two first longitudinal sides 23 when two battery cells 2 are stacked.

[0066] In some embodiments, the second longitudinal side 24 has an arc-shaped cross-section perpendicular to the first direction and protrudes outward from the cell 2. For example, as Figure 3 As shown, the cross-section of the second longitudinal side 24 can be semi-circular and can protrude to the right. This satisfies the winding and forming of the battery cell 2 on the one hand, and also facilitates the restriction of the second groove 4 between the two second longitudinal sides 24 when two battery cells 2 are stacked.

[0067] The battery system of this utility model is described below according to an embodiment.

[0068] The battery system of this embodiment includes a single battery cell 100, which can be any of the single battery cells 100 described in any of the above embodiments. The battery system can be a lithium battery system, etc. The battery system may also include a container, a delivery pump, etc. The electrolyte can be stored in the container, and the delivery pump can be connected between the container and the single battery cell 100 through pipes, etc. In use, the delivery pump can provide the power to pump the electrolyte, thereby meeting the need for continuous delivery of electrolyte into the single battery cell 100.

[0069] In some embodiments, the battery system includes a plurality of individual cells 100, which are stacked together. For example, as Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, multiple individual battery cells 100 can be stacked in the front-to-back direction, and the specifications and shape of each individual battery cell 100 can be largely the same. This meets the needs of high-capacity power supply.

[0070] In some embodiments, the battery system includes an inlet pipe 200, an outlet pipe 300, and a plurality of bridge pipes 400. The inlet pipe 200 is connected to one single cell 100, the outlet pipe 300 is connected to another single cell 100, and the plurality of bridge pipes 400 are respectively connected between two of the plurality of single cells 100 to connect the plurality of single cells 100 in series between the inlet pipe 200 and the outlet pipe 300.

[0071] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, multiple individual battery cells 100 can be stacked in the front-to-back direction. An inlet pipe 200 can be connected to the top of the last individual battery cell 100 and is connected to the inlet port 13 of the last individual battery cell 100. An outlet pipe 300 can be connected to the top of the foremost individual battery cell 100 and is connected to the outlet port 14 of the foremost individual battery cell 100.

[0072] Any two adjacent individual cells 100 can be connected by a bridge tube 400. The bridge tube 400 can be arranged horizontally and can be located on top of the individual cells 100. One end of each bridge tube 400 can be connected to the liquid inlet 13 of one individual cell 100, and the other end of each bridge tube 400 can be connected to the liquid outlet 14 of another individual cell 100.

[0073] Therefore, multiple bridge tubes 400 can be used to connect multiple individual cells 100 in series. That is, when electrolyte is introduced into the inlet pipe 200, the electrolyte can flow through each individual cell 100 sequentially through the multiple bridge tubes 400, and finally be discharged from the outlet pipe 300. This satisfies the need for simultaneous delivery of electrolyte to multiple individual cells 100.

[0074] In some embodiments, the battery system includes an inlet manifold 500 and an outlet manifold 600, with a plurality of individual cells 100 disposed between the inlet manifold 500 and the outlet manifold 600, and each individual cell 100 being connected to both the inlet manifold 500 and the outlet manifold 600.

[0075] For example, such as Figure 6As shown, multiple individual cells 100 can be stacked in the front-to-back direction. Both the liquid inlet pipe 500 and the liquid outlet pipe 600 can be straight tubes and can generally extend in the front-to-back direction. The liquid inlet pipe 500 can be located on the right side of the multiple individual cells 100 and adjacent to the top of each individual cell 100, and the liquid outlet pipe 600 can be located on the left side of the multiple individual cells 100 and adjacent to the top of each individual cell 100.

[0076] Multiple branch pipes can be provided on the liquid inlet main pipe 500 and the liquid outlet main pipe 600. The multiple branch pipes can be arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the liquid inlet main pipe 500 and the liquid outlet main pipe 600. The multiple branch pipes of the liquid inlet main pipe 500 can be connected one-to-one with the liquid inlet 13 of multiple individual batteries 100, and the multiple branch pipes of the liquid outlet main pipe 600 can be connected one-to-one with the liquid outlet 14 of multiple individual batteries 100.

[0077] In use, electrolyte can be simultaneously introduced into multiple individual cells 100 through the inlet pipe 500. Then, the electrolyte in the multiple individual cells 100 can flow out of the corresponding individual cells 100 and converge into the outlet pipe 600. This also fulfills the need for circulating electrolyte into multiple individual cells 100.

[0078] In some embodiments, the battery system may further include a detection device for detecting the electrolyte. When the detection device detects that the lithium ion or other components of the electrolyte supplied to the individual cell do not meet the requirements, it can replenish the electrolyte at any time, thereby reducing the impact on battery life caused by the lack of electrolyte components.

[0079] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-cell battery, characterized in that, include: The housing is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the electrolyte to flow through the housing. The battery cell is disposed inside the housing and has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other. The first end is the current collecting end of the battery cell, the liquid inlet is connected to the first end, and the liquid outlet is connected to the second end.

2. The single-cell battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing includes a drainage tube that passes through the housing, with one end of the drainage tube located inside the housing and extending to the second end, and the other end of the drainage tube protruding from the outside of the housing and forming the liquid outlet.

3. The single-cell battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are located at the first end, and in the relative direction between the first end and the second end, both the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are located on the side of the first end away from the second end and are spaced apart from the battery cell.

4. The single-cell battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first end is the upper end of the battery cell, and the second end is the lower end of the battery cell; And / or, a portion of the drainage tube located within the housing extends along the opposite directions of the first end and the second end.

5. The single-cell battery according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The battery cells are multiple and stacked within the housing. Each battery cell has a first longitudinal side and a second longitudinal side arranged opposite to each other. The liquid inlet is located between the first longitudinal sides of two adjacent battery cells, and the liquid outlet is located between the second longitudinal sides of two adjacent battery cells.

6. The single-cell battery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The relative direction between the first end and the second end is the first direction, and the relative direction between the first longitudinal side and the second longitudinal side is the second direction. The first direction and the second direction are arranged perpendicularly.

7. The single-cell battery according to claim 6, characterized in that, A first groove is formed between the first longitudinal sides of two adjacent battery cells, the first groove extends along the second direction, and the liquid inlet is located in the first groove. A second groove is formed between the second longitudinal sides of two adjacent battery cells, the second groove extends along the second direction, and the liquid outlet is located in the second groove.

8. The single-cell battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the first direction, a first cavity is defined between the first end and the shell wall of the housing, and a second cavity is defined between the second end and the shell wall of the housing. The first groove and the second groove are both connected between the first cavity and the second cavity, and the liquid inlet is connected to the first cavity and the liquid outlet is connected to the second cavity. And / or, two adjacent cells are spaced apart and a gap is defined, the gap being in communication with the first slot and the second slot; And / or, the first longitudinal side has an arc-shaped cross-section perpendicular to the first direction and protrudes outward from the battery cell; And / or, the second longitudinal side has an arc-shaped cross-section perpendicular to the first direction and protrudes outward from the cell.

9. A battery system, characterized in that, Includes a single cell battery as described in any one of claims 1-8 above.

10. The battery system according to claim 9, characterized in that, It includes multiple individual cells, and the multiple individual cells are stacked together; It includes an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and multiple bridge pipes. The inlet pipe is connected to one of the single cells, the outlet pipe is connected to another single cell, and the multiple bridge pipes are respectively connected between two of the multiple single cells to connect the multiple single cells in series between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe. Alternatively, it may include an inlet manifold and an outlet manifold, with multiple individual cells disposed between the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold, and each individual cell being connected to both the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold.

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