Multi-stage filtering mechanism of dust collector

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multistage filtering mechanism of a dust collector, which comprises a dust barrel, and a first filtering cavity communicated with a suction port of the dust collector is arranged in the dust barrel; the filter cartridge assembly is detachably mounted in the first filter cavity; the top cover is detachably arranged on the top of the dust barrel in a covering mode, and a second filtering cavity communicated with the air outlet is formed in the top cover; wherein the filter cartridge assembly is an airflow channel between the first filter cavity and the second filter cavity, and a blanking cavity is formed in the filter cartridge assembly. The multi-stage filtering structure can effectively improve the filtering efficiency, the filtering cylinder assembly serves as an airflow channel to be connected with the first filtering cavity and the second filtering cavity, the impurity separation effect is further enhanced through the arrangement of the discharging cavity, and therefore the exhaust purification quality is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to dust catcher manufacturing technical field especially is related to a multistage filter mechanism of dust catcher. BACKGROUND

[0002] Dust catcher is a commonly used cleaning household electrical appliances, most similar products on the market mainly adopt the filter system between the dust catcher air inlet and suction motor to achieve the purpose of filtering particulate matter and dust, most of the existing dust catcher, set up steel mesh and heparin in the dust cup to realize the filtration of particles and dust, so that particles and dust are left in the dust cup and heparin, in this form to avoid the secondary pollution of dust to the environment, part of the high-end dust catcher sets up the combination mode of mesh cover, heparin and multi-cone or single-cone filter cone in the dust cup to realize the filtration of particles and dust, however, with market feedback, single filtration cannot avoid the pollution of exhaust to the external environment, so further research and development are needed to improve the exhaust quality.

[0003] For example, patent application number CN202311829560.3 discloses a dust catcher with a multistage filter system, comprising a body part, the front end of the body part is provided with an air inlet part, the air inlet part is provided with a suction port, the rear end of the body part is provided with an air outlet part, the air outlet part is provided with an air outlet, the air inlet part and the air outlet part are provided with a dustproof motor and a first filter system, the air outlet part is provided with a second filter system, the suction port, the dustproof motor, the first filter system, the second filter system and the air outlet are communicated with each other, and the second filter system is arranged behind the motor air outlet. Although this scheme adopts a two-stage filter system, it still faces problems such as low filtration efficiency and unsatisfactory recycling performance, which need to be optimized and solved. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the problem of insufficient exhaust cleanliness of the dust catcher in the prior art mentioned in the background, the present scheme adopts a double-cavity multi-filter mechanism, which significantly improves the filtration efficiency of the dust catcher, effectively captures various particle size pollutants including submicron particles, improves the cleanliness of the exhaust gas, and reduces energy consumption and prolongs the service life of the equipment by optimizing the air flow channel and introducing a self-cleaning function.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] A multistage filter mechanism of a dust catcher, comprising a dust bucket, a first filter cavity is arranged in the dust bucket and is communicated with the suction port of the dust catcher;

[0007] A filter cartridge assembly is detachably mounted in the first filter cavity;

[0008] A top cover is detachably arranged on the top of the dust bucket, and a second filter cavity is arranged in the top cover and is communicated with the air outlet.

[0009] The filter cartridge assembly is an air flow channel between the first filter cavity and the second filter cavity, and a material falling cavity is arranged in the filter cartridge assembly.

[0010] The first filter cavity in the dust bucket is directly connected to the suction port of the dust collector, and can preliminarily intercept large-particle dirt. The filter cartridge assembly, as a core filter unit, is not only detachable for cleaning, but also has the dual functions of filtering and guiding flow. It connects the first filter cavity and the second filter cavity to form a complete air flow channel, and the material falling cavity inside helps to separate and collect small particles. The second filter cavity in the top cover is connected to the air outlet for the last purification. This multi-stage series structure can gradually filter dirt of different sizes and improve the overall filtering efficiency.

[0011] As a preferred, the filter cartridge assembly comprises:

[0012] A filter cartridge body in a cylindrical shape;

[0013] A filter cartridge cover detachably covering the top of the filter cartridge body;

[0014] A sealing ring arranged at the connection between the filter cartridge cover and the filter cartridge body.

[0015] The filter cartridge body adopts a cylindrical structure, which can provide a larger filtering area and provide uniform air flow distribution to reduce local pressure loss. The detachable filter cartridge cover facilitates cleaning and replacement of filter materials, improving the maintainability of the product. The sealing ring arranged at the connection between the filter cartridge cover and the filter cartridge body can effectively prevent air leakage and ensure the filtering effect.

[0016] Further, it further comprises: a floating cup cage fixed below the filter cartridge cover; and a floating cup arranged in the floating cup cage and capable of sliding up and down. The floating cup cage is fixed below the filter cartridge cover to provide a stable movement space for the floating cup. The floating cup can slide up and down in the cage, which provides an anti-overflow protection mechanism. When the water level rises, the floating cup floats to block the air flow to prevent liquid from entering the motor. Secondly, it can realize automatic flow adjustment. The position change of the floating cup affects the size of the air flow channel, thereby adjusting the suction force. In addition, the vortex generated by the movement of the floating cup can also enhance the filtering effect and improve the particle capture rate.

[0017] Further, the second filter cavity is provided with an activated carbon filter layer, which is detachably installed in the middle of the second filter cavity; and a HEPA filter layer, which is located above the activated carbon filter layer. The combination of the activated carbon filter layer and the HEPA filter layer constitutes a high-efficiency two-stage filtration system. The activated carbon filter layer can effectively adsorb odor molecules and organic pollutants in the gas. The HEPA filter layer located above the activated carbon layer can capture tiny particles, including bacteria and viruses. This hierarchical design takes full advantage of the advantages of the two materials, achieving comprehensive purification from odor to particles. This design is more efficient than traditional single-layer filtration. Further, the technician can add an electrostatic field between the two layers to further improve the filtration efficiency using electrostatic adsorption principle, or use nanomaterials such as graphene to enhance the adsorption capacity of specific pollutants.

[0018] Further, the cavity wall of the material falling cavity is a replaceable adsorption layer. After the airflow enters the filter cartridge assembly from the first filter cavity, it first passes through the material falling cavity and then enters the second filter cavity. The cavity wall uses a replaceable adsorption layer, which not only improves the filtration efficiency but also greatly prolongs the service life of the equipment. After the airflow enters the filter cartridge assembly from the first filter cavity, it first passes through the material falling cavity and then enters the second filter cavity. This flow path makes full use of the principles of gravity settling and surface adsorption to make the airflow complete the settling of carrying particles through the "several" shaped flow path.

[0019] Further, it also includes an air outlet, which is arranged on the top cover and communicates with the second filter cavity;

[0020] Adjustable air scoop, which is rotatably installed on the air outlet, can adjust the air outlet direction. The air outlet is arranged on the top cover and communicates with the second filter cavity, ensuring that the clean air filtered by multiple stages can be smoothly discharged. The rotatable adjustable air scoop gives users precise control over the air outlet direction, which not only improves the practicality of the equipment but also effectively prevents secondary pollution. By adjusting the angle and opening size of the air scoop, the pressure and flow rate at the outlet can be changed, thereby achieving precise control over the airflow direction and intensity. Even the air can be directly discharged to the outside through an external pipeline.

[0021] As a preferred, it also includes a lock buckle fixing seat arranged on the outer wall of the dust bucket;

[0022] The lock buckle connecting block is connected on the top cover and buckled with the lock buckle fixing seat, and the elastic sealing element is arranged between the lock buckle fixing seat and the lock buckle connecting block. The lock buckle fixing seat is arranged on the outer wall of the dust bucket, the lock buckle connecting block of the top cover is buckled with the lock buckle connecting block, and the elastic sealing element is arranged between the lock buckle fixing seat and the lock buckle connecting block, so that the sealing performance of the overall structure is further improved, dust leakage and air infiltration are effectively prevented, and the filtering efficiency is improved. This design provides better sealing effect, and the elastic sealing element can adapt to different pressure and temperature changes, and maintain continuous sealing performance. In addition, the detachable design facilitates cleaning and maintenance, and prolongs the service life of the equipment.

[0023] Further, the base is detachably connected to the bottom of the dust bucket, the drain valve is arranged on the base, and the water collecting tank is arranged in the dust bucket and communicates with the drain valve. The drain valve is arranged on the base and communicates with the water collecting tank in the dust bucket, so that the problem of accumulated water in the wet dust collection process is solved. The arrangement of the water collecting tank not only collects the waste water generated in the dust collection process, but also prevents water from entering the motor and other key components, prolonging the service life of the equipment. The present application not only expands the function of the dust collector, but also can handle both dry and wet pollutants at the same time. In addition, the design of the water collecting tank avoids the trouble of frequently dumping the dust bucket, and improves the use convenience.

[0024] Therefore, the utility model has the following beneficial effects.

[0025] The multi-stage filtering structure improves the filtering efficiency, the filter cartridge assembly connects the first and second filtering cavities as air flow channels, and the arrangement of the material falling cavity further enhances the impurity separation effect, effectively improving the air purification quality.

[0026] The detachable design of the filter cartridge assembly and the use of the sealing ring facilitate cleaning and maintenance, while ensuring good sealing performance, prolonging the service life of the equipment and reducing maintenance cost.

[0027] The design of the float cup and the float cup cage provides an anti-overflow protection function, effectively preventing liquid from entering the motor and improving the safety and applicability of the equipment in a wet environment.

[0028] The combination of activated carbon and HEPA filter layer realizes deep purification of gas and particulate matter, and the replaceable adsorption layer design improves the filtering effect and prolongs the service life of the filter material.

[0029] The adjustable air scoop and the drainage system design increase the practicality of the equipment, meet the needs of different use scenarios, and improve the cleaning convenience and environmental friendliness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a side sectional structure schematic view of the utility model.

[0031] Figure 2 is a second side sectional view of the utility model.

[0032] 1, dust bucket; 2, dust collector suction port; 3, first filter cavity; 4, filter cartridge assembly; 5, top cover; 6, air outlet; 7, second filter cavity; 8, material falling cavity; 9, filter cartridge body; 10, filter cartridge cover; 11, sealing ring; 12, float cup cage; 13, float cup; 14, activated carbon filter layer; 15, prefiltering screen; 16, HEPA filter layer; 17, replaceable adsorption layer; 18, adjustable air baffle; 19, lock catch fixing seat; 20, lock catch connecting block; 21, elastic sealing element; 22, base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The utility model will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] As shown in Figure 1 , 2 , in this embodiment, the dust collector is composed of dust bucket 1, filter cartridge assembly 4 and top cover 5, forming a complete air flow channel system. The first filter cavity 3 is arranged in the dust bucket 1, directly connected with the dust collector suction port 2, which is the primary collection area of dust and impurities. The filter cartridge assembly 4 is detachably installed in the first filter cavity 3, acting as the air flow channel between the first filter cavity 3 and the second filter cavity 7. The top cover 5 is detachably arranged on the top of the dust bucket 1, and the second filter cavity 7 communicating with the air outlet 6 is arranged in the top cover 5, forming the final air purification area.

[0036] The filter cartridge assembly 4 is composed of cylindrical filter cartridge body 9, detachable filter cartridge cover 10 and sealing ring 11. The sealing ring 11 is arranged at the connection between the filter cartridge cover 10 and the filter cartridge body 9, ensuring the air tightness and preventing the leakage of pollutants. The material falling cavity 8 is arranged in the filter cartridge assembly 4, which makes the heavier particles settle down when the air flow passes through, reducing the burden of the subsequent filter layer. The cavity wall of the material falling cavity 8 is made of replaceable adsorption layer 17, which further improves the filtering effect and facilitates maintenance and replacement.

[0037] The float cup cage 12 is fixed below the filter cartridge cover 10, and the float cup 13 that can slide up and down is arranged in the float cup cage 12, which is used to solve the problem of overflow when wet dust collection. When the water level rises, the float cup 13 floats up, automatically blocking the air flow channel, preventing the liquid from entering the motor, and improving the safety and applicability of the equipment.

[0038] The second filter cavity 7 is provided with a double-layer filter structure, including an activated carbon filter layer 14 and a HEPA filter layer 16. The activated carbon filter layer 14 can effectively adsorb odors and harmful substances in the gas. The HEPA filter layer 16 is located above the activated carbon filter layer 14 and can capture finer particles to ensure that the discharged air is highly clean. This double-layer filter design can effectively remove various pollutants in the air.

[0039] The air outlet 6 is provided on the top cover 5 and directly communicates with the second filter cavity 7. A rotatable adjustable air cover 18 is installed on the air outlet 6. The user can adjust the air outlet direction according to needs, improving the practicability of the equipment. When the user uses it, the air outlet direction can be adjusted according to the ventilation condition of the site.

[0040] In order to facilitate disassembly and cleaning, a lock catch fixing seat 19 is provided on the dust bucket 1, and a lock catch connecting block 20 matched with the lock catch fixing seat 19 is provided on the top seat. An elastic sealing element 21 is arranged between the lock catch fixing seat 19 and the lock catch connecting block 20, which further enhances the sealing effect and prevents dust leakage. This design not only improves the sealing performance of the equipment, but also greatly increases the convenience of maintenance.

[0041] The base 22 is detachably connected to the bottom of the dust bucket 1 and is provided with a drain valve. A water collecting groove communicating with the drain valve is further arranged in the dust bucket 1, so that the equipment can handle wet pollutants, greatly expanding the application range of the dust collector. The user can conveniently discharge the collected liquid through the drain valve without disassembling the entire dust bucket 1, greatly improving the use convenience.

[0042] The entire multi-stage filter mechanism forms a complete air flow channel: from the suction port into the first filter cavity 3, through the preliminary filtration of the filter cartridge assembly 4 and the gravity separation of the material falling cavity 8, and then through the double filtration of activated carbon and HEPA in the second filter cavity 7, and finally discharging clean air from the air outlet 6. Multi-stage filtration not only improves the filtration efficiency, but also prolongs the service life of each filter assembly. The detachable design and intelligent protection mechanism increase the safety and maintainability of the product. In addition, an electrostatic adsorption layer can be added to the filter cartridge assembly 4, or a photocatalyst purification device can be added to the second filter cavity 7 to further improve the filtration effect.

[0043] Specifically, in the embodiment, the dust bucket 1 is made of 2-3 mm thick high-strength ABS engineering plastic, and the first filter cavity 3 is arranged inside and directly communicates with the dust collector suction port 2. The suction port is made of wear-resistant nylon material, and the caliber is 30-40 mm. A 45° inclined flow guide plate is arranged between the suction port and the first filter cavity 3. The inner wall of the first filter cavity 3 is coated with an antistatic coating, and a 5 mm diameter drain hole is reserved at the bottom. A high-density non-woven fabric dust collecting bag (pore size 10-20 μm) is installed in the first filter cavity 3, and a 60-70 degree Shox angle design is adopted.

[0044] The filter cartridge assembly 4 is detachably installed in the first filter cavity 3, which is composed of a cylindrical filter cartridge body 9, a filter cartridge cover 10 and a sealing ring 11. The filter cartridge body 9 adopts a wavy pleated structure with a peak-to-peak distance of about 5 mm and a wave height of 3-4 mm. The electrostatic adsorption layer is composed of polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite fibers with a fiber diameter of 100-500 nm and a porosity of >90%. The support skeleton is made of carbon fiber material and is detachably connected with the cavity wall through buckles. This design increases the filtration area by 30-50%. The filter cartridge cover 10 is provided with a silicone sealing ring 11 (Shore A hardness 60) at the connection with the filter cartridge body 9.

[0045] A float cup cage 12 is fixed below the filter cartridge cover 10, and a float cup that can slide up and down is arranged inside. The float cup cage 12 is made of stainless steel with a diameter of about 50 mm and a height of 80 mm. The float cup is made of polypropylene material with a diameter of 48 mm and a weight of about 20 g.

[0046] The top cover 5 is detachably arranged on the top of the dust bucket 1 and is provided with a second filter cavity 7. The second filter cavity 7 is composed of a transparent polycarbonate cavity with a diameter of 100-120 mm and a height of 150-180 mm. An activated carbon filter layer 14 and a HEPA filter layer 16 are arranged therein. The activated carbon filter layer 14 adopts a honeycomb structure with a unit size of 5 mm x 5 mm, a wall thickness of 0.1 mm, and is filled with activated carbon particles with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm and a specific surface area of >1000 m² / g. The HEPA filter layer 16 uses glass fiber material with a diameter of 0.5-2 μm, and the filtration efficiency is ≥99.97%.

[0047] The air outlet 6 is arranged on the top cover 5 and communicates with the second filter cavity 7. An adjustable air baffle 18 is rotatably arranged on the air outlet 6 and is made of ABS plastic with a diameter of about 60 mm and can be adjusted by 360° rotation.

[0048] The outer wall of the dust bucket 1 is provided with a lock catch fixing seat 19 which is detachably connected with a lock catch connecting block 20. An elastic sealing element 21 is arranged therebetween and is made of butyronitrile rubber with a thickness of 2 mm and a tensile strength of >10 MPa.

[0049] The base 22 is detachably connected to the bottom of the dust bucket 1 and is provided with a drain valve. The drain valve is made of brass with a diameter of 10 mm. A water collecting tank is arranged in the dust bucket 1 and communicates with the drain valve, with a volume of about 500 ml.

[0050] This multi-stage filtration design forms a complete air flow channel: the air enters the first filter cavity 3 from the suction port, is preliminarily filtered by the filter cartridge assembly 4 and is gravity separated in the material falling cavity 8, then is filtered by the activated carbon and HEPA double filter, and finally is discharged as clean air from the air outlet 6.

[0051] In use of the multi-stage filtering mechanism disclosed in the embodiment, first, the base 22 is connected with the bottom of the dust bucket 1, and it is ensured that the drain valve is correctly connected with the water collecting groove. Then, the filter cartridge assembly 4 is installed into the first filtering cavity 3, and it is noted that a gap of about 5-10 mm should be left between the filter cartridge body 9 and the inner wall of the dust bucket 1, so as to ensure that the air flow can be fully circulated. When the filter cartridge assembly 4 is installed, the bottom of the filter cartridge body 9 should be aligned with the positioning groove in the dust bucket 1, and then it is gently pressed until a "click" sound is heard, which indicates that the installation is in place. Then, the filter cartridge cover 10 is covered, and is rotated by 90 degrees to be locked. At this time, it is necessary to check whether the sealing ring 11 is completely attached, so as to avoid air leakage. Then, the top cover 5 is covered on the top of the dust bucket 1, and is fixed through the lock catch fixing seat 19 and the lock catch connecting block 20, and it is noted that a crisp click sound is heard. During the installation process, it is ensured that the elastic sealing element 21 is in the correct position, so as to ensure good sealing effect. Finally, the adjustable air cover 18 is installed at the air outlet 6 of the top cover 5, and it is gently rotated to confirm that it can be flexibly adjusted.

[0052] After the cleaner is started, the contaminated air first enters the first filtering cavity 3, and large-particle impurities are preliminarily intercepted. The air flow then enters the material falling cavity 8 of the filter cartridge assembly 4, where the air flow speed is reduced, and the heavier particles are settled under the action of gravity. The replaceable adsorption layer 17 further adsorbs the fine particles in the air flow. The air flow continues to rise and passes through the wave-shaped wrinkle structure of the filter cartridge body 9, and the electrostatic adsorption layer here can effectively capture micrometer-sized particles. The air flow purified by the filter cartridge assembly 4 enters the second filtering cavity 7, and successively passes through the activated carbon filter layer 14 and the HEPA filter layer 16, to remove odors and even smaller particles. Finally, the clean air is discharged from the adjustable air cover 18.

[0053] During use, the sliding condition of the float cup should be checked regularly, to ensure that it can freely move up and down in the float cup cage 12. When liquid is sucked in, the float cup will float up with the water level, to timely block the air flow channel and prevent the liquid from entering the motor. After use, the liquid in the water collecting groove should be discharged in time through the drain valve on the base 22, to avoid long-term water accumulation leading to bacterial breeding.

[0054] In daily maintenance, it is recommended to clean the filter cartridge assembly 4 every 50 hours of use or when the suction force is obviously reduced. When cleaning, first, the top cover 5 is unlocked, the filter cartridge assembly 4 is taken out, and the surface dust is lightly tapped or cleaned with a soft brush. If stubborn stains are encountered, a neutral cleaner can be used for gentle cleaning, but it is necessary to install and use it after complete drying. The replaceable adsorption layer 17 of the material falling cavity 8 should be replaced every 1-3 months according to the use frequency. It is recommended that the activated carbon filter layer 14 and the HEPA filter layer 16 be replaced every 3-6 months, and the specific replacement period should be adjusted according to the use environment and frequency.

[0055] In practical applications, the multi-stage filtering mechanism disclosed in the embodiment can be widely used for air purification in places such as homes, offices, and hospitals. It is particularly suitable for environments with high requirements for air quality, such as children's rooms and elderly people's rooms. In industrial production environments, it can be used to purify workshop air and remove metal dust, chemical gases, and other pollutants. For different application scenarios, the filter material can be optimized. For example, when used in a chemical plant, an adsorption layer specifically designed for certain chemical substances can be added; when used in a woodworking workshop, the primary filtering capacity can be strengthened, and a coarse filter screen can be added to intercept larger wood chips.

[0056] In addition, to further improve the filtering efficiency, a pre-filter screen 15 with a pore size of about 1-2 mm can be added to the outer layer of the filter cartridge body 9 to intercept larger particles and extend the service life of the core filter material. In addition, an ultraviolet disinfection module can be added to the second filtering cavity 7 to further kill bacteria and viruses. In terms of intelligent control, an air quality sensor can be added to realize the function of automatically adjusting the air speed according to the degree of air pollution, ensuring purification effect and saving energy.

[0057] Embodiment 2

[0058] Based on Embodiment 1, the multi-stage filtering dust collector of the present embodiment further optimizes the structure design of the second filtering cavity 7, and sets a liquid filtering system and a biomimetic porous structure filter layer inside it, significantly improving the filtering efficiency and applicability. The liquid filtering system includes a liquid storage cavity with a volume of 500 ml, which is made of corrosion-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene material with a thickness of 2 mm and can withstand a pressure of 3 bar. The atomizing nozzle adopts a five-stage micro-pore design with a pore size range of 10-50 μm, and the spray angle can be adjusted within a range of 30°-60° to ensure that the atomized droplets fully contact the particulate matter in the airflow. The liquid collection tank in the liquid recovery device adopts a 15° inclination angle design with a length of 200 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a depth of 30 mm, and is made of 304 stainless steel with a surface roughness Ra value ≤0.8 μm to ensure rapid liquid backflow. The recovery pipe has an inner diameter of 8 mm and is made of wear-resistant polyethylene material, and a one-way valve is provided between the liquid storage cavity and the recovery pipe with an opening pressure of 0.05 bar to prevent liquid backflow.

[0059] The biomimetic porous structure filter layer is derived from the filtration system in living organisms, such as fish gills and lung alveoli. The filter layer is composed of 20 layers of staggered microporous membranes, each with a thickness of 0.1 mm, a pore size distribution range of 0.5-5 μm, and a porosity of up to 85%. The total length of the serpentine airflow channel formed between adjacent microporous membranes can reach 500 mm, greatly extending the residence time of gas in the filter layer. The microporous membrane material is selected from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which has excellent chemical stability and mechanical strength, can withstand high temperatures of 120°C and liquid environments with pH values of 2-12, which enables the biomimetic porous structure filter layer to work stably in various environments. To further improve the filtering effect, a nanoscale hydrophobic coating with a thickness of 50 nm is coated on the surface of the biomimetic porous structure filter layer, which has a contact angle greater than 150° and forms a micro-bubble layer with a thickness of about 100 nm. This design not only improves the capture ability of sub-micron particles, but also has self-cleaning function.

[0060] Overall, the multi-stage filtration system realizes efficient removal of pollutants with different particle sizes through the combination of liquid filtration and biomimetic structure. The liquid filtration system utilizes the collision and adsorption of atomized droplets with particulate matter to effectively capture particles in the range of 0.1-10 μm. By adjusting the atomization parameters, the capture efficiency of particles of different sizes can be optimized.

[0061] The biomimetic porous structure filter layer mainly targets sub-micron particles, and its filtration mechanism includes inertial collision, interception and Brownian diffusion. In addition, the micro-bubble layer formed by the nanoscale hydrophobic coating utilizes the interfacial slip effect to reduce airflow resistance. In this embodiment, the use of the liquid filtration system and the biomimetic porous structure filter layer requires attention to the following points. First, during the assembly of the dust collector, the installation of the liquid filtration system is a key step. The technician needs to connect the 500 ml capacity of polytetrafluoroethylene liquid storage cavity to the five-stage microporous atomizing nozzle through the pressure-resistant pipeline. The installation angle of the atomizing nozzle needs to be accurately adjusted to ensure that the adjustable spray angle of 30°-60° can fully cover the airflow path. The 15° inclined liquid collection tank of the liquid recovery device needs to perfectly fit the bottom of the second filter cavity 7 made of 304 stainless steel, while ensuring that the installation position of the one-way valve between the recovery pipe and the liquid storage cavity is accurate, and the opening pressure is set at 0.05 bar.

[0062] In the installation process of the biomimetic porous structure filter layer, 20 layers of PVDF microporous membranes arranged alternately need to be installed layer by layer in a clean environment, with an accurate interval of 0.1 mm between each layer, forming a serpentine airflow channel with a total length of 500 mm. Special attention needs to be paid to avoid wrinkles or damage to the membrane layers during installation to maintain a high porosity of 85%. The spraying of the nanoscale hydrophobic coating is a delicate process that needs to be carried out in a constant temperature and humidity environment to ensure that the 50 nm thick fluorosilane coating uniformly covers the surface of the microporous membrane, forming a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle greater than 150°.

[0063] The multi-stage filtration system proposed in this scheme not only theoretically achieves a filtration efficiency of more than 99.99%, but also effectively reduces energy consumption through the combination of liquid filtration and biomimetic structure. The interfacial slip effect generated by the micro-bubble layer can significantly reduce airflow resistance, theoretically reducing energy consumption by 15-20%. This design not only applies to household vacuum cleaners, but also can be expanded to industrial dust removal, air purification, and other fields, providing a new technical path for solving environmental problems such as PM2.5.

Claims

1. A multi-stage filtration mechanism for a dust extractor, characterized by, The dust bucket is internally provided with a first filter cavity communicated with a suction port of a dust collector; The filter cartridge assembly is detachably installed in the first filter cavity; The top cover is detachably provided on the top of the dust bucket, and the top cover is internally provided with a second filter cavity communicated with an air outlet; The filter cartridge assembly is a gas flow channel between the first filter cavity and the second filter cavity, and the filter cartridge assembly is internally provided with a material falling cavity. The filter cartridge assembly comprises:

2. The multi-stage filtration mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The filter cartridge body is in a cylindrical shape; The filter cartridge cover is detachably provided on the top of the filter cartridge body; The sealing ring is arranged at the connection between the filter cartridge cover and the filter cartridge body. Further comprising:

3. The multi-stage filtration mechanism of claim 2, wherein, The float cup cage is fixed below the filter cartridge cover; The float cup is slidably arranged in the float cup cage. The second filter cavity is internally provided with:

4. The multi-stage filtration mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The activated carbon filter layer is detachably installed in the middle of the second filter cavity; The HEPA filter layer is arranged above the activated carbon filter layer. The cavity wall of the material falling cavity is a replaceable adsorption layer, and after the gas flow enters the filter cartridge assembly from the first filter cavity, it first passes through the material falling cavity and then enters the second filter cavity.

5. The multi-stage filtration mechanism according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, Further comprising:

6. The multi-stage filtration mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The air outlet is arranged on the top cover and communicated with the second filter cavity; The adjustable air cover is rotatably installed on the air outlet to adjust the air outlet direction. Further comprising:

7. The multi-stage filtration mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The lock buckle fixing seat is arranged on the outer wall of the dust bucket; The lock buckle connecting block is connected to the top cover and buckled with the lock buckle fixing seat; The elastic sealing element is arranged between the lock buckle fixing seat and the lock buckle connecting block. Further comprising:

8. The multi-stage filtration mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The base is detachably connected to the bottom of the dust bucket; The drain valve is arranged on the base; The water collecting tank is arranged in the dust bucket and communicated with the drain valve. ​

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