Output end multipath power distribution and protection integration device
By integrating current sampling, hardware protection, and detection modules into the MOSFET power distribution scheme, real-time protection against short circuits, overcurrents, and overtemperatures is achieved, solving the problem of MOSFET damage under overcurrent or short circuit conditions and improving the stability and safety of the system.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423211527.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-05
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing MOSFET-based power distribution schemes lack comprehensive protection mechanisms, which may damage the switches under conditions such as overcurrent or short circuit, affecting system stability and safety.
A device integrating multi-channel power distribution and protection at the output end is designed, comprising a current sampling module, a hardware protection module, a detection module, and a drive module. It achieves short-circuit, overcurrent, and overtemperature protection by acquiring current signals in real time, and quickly shuts down the power distribution switch using the hardware protection module and the detection module, combined with a lock-up mechanism to prevent damage.
It provides a comprehensive protection mechanism, which enhances the stability and security of the system, prevents MOSFET damage, and improves the reliability and response speed of the system.
Smart Images
Figure CN223638978U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model belongs to electrical technical field, especially relate to a device of output end multiway distribution and protection integration. BACKGROUND
[0002] In power distribution systems, multiway or singleway output distribution schemes are widely used in various industrial and consumer electronics fields. Traditional distribution methods mainly use relays or contactors for control. Although these methods are simple and effective, they have some limitations. First, relays and contactors are prone to arc when switching under load, which can cause contact erosion and affect their reliability and service life. Second, the response speed of these mechanical switches is relatively slow, and their protection capability for sudden faults such as short circuits is limited.
[0003] With the development of semiconductor technology, MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) has gradually become a more ideal choice for distribution switches. MOSFET has the advantages of fast response and no mechanical wear, which can effectively avoid the arc problem caused by relays or contactors when switching under load. However, existing MOSFET-based distribution schemes often only focus on the basic on-off function of the switch, lacking comprehensive protection mechanisms. For example, when the output load characteristics are unknown, overcurrent or short circuit may occur, which can damage the MOSFET and affect the normal operation of the entire system. SUMMARY
[0004] The utility model aims at the problems existing in prior art, provides a device of output end multiway distribution and protection integration, in order to provide a comprehensive protection mechanism, improves the stability and safety of system.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: a device of output end multiway distribution and protection integration, comprising a plurality of distribution branches sharing one bus output end, each distribution branch comprises a current sampling module, the current sampling module is connected with a hardware protection module and a detection module, the hardware protection module and the detection module are connected with a drive module, and the drive module is connected with a distribution switch.
[0006] As a further technical scheme, the hardware protection module comprises an operational amplifier, the operational amplifier is connected with the output end of the current sampling module at the same phase input end, is connected with a power supply at the opposite phase input end, and is connected with the drive module at the output end.
[0007] As a further technical scheme, the drive module comprises an isolation driver, the isolation driver is connected with a second transistor, the second transistor is connected with a first transistor, and the first transistor is connected with the hardware protection module.
[0008] As a further technical scheme, the detection module comprises a single-chip microcomputer, an input end of the single-chip microcomputer is used to receive the current signal collected by the current sampling module, and an output end of the single-chip microcomputer is used to output the power distribution signal.
[0009] As a further technical scheme, the drain of the second transistor is connected with the output end of the isolation driver, the source is grounded, and the gate is connected with the detection module.
[0010] As a further technical scheme, the gate of the first transistor is connected with the output end of the hardware protection module, the source is grounded, and the drain is connected with the gate of the second transistor and the detection module.
[0011] As a further technical scheme, the output end of the operational amplifier is further connected with a fourth transistor, the drain of the fourth transistor is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier, the gate is connected with the detection module, and the source is grounded.
[0012] As a further technical scheme, the power distribution switch is a third transistor, the gate of the third transistor is connected with the output end of the isolation driver, the source is connected with the bus output end, and the drain is connected with the load.
[0013] As a further technical scheme, the current sampling module is a Hall current sensor, the output end of the Hall current sensor is connected with the single-chip microcomputer and the operational amplifier respectively, a break circuit is arranged between the output end of the Hall current sensor and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and the input end of the Hall current sensor is connected with the bus output end.
[0014] As a further technical scheme, a lock circuit is arranged between the output end and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of:
[0016] 1. The utility model provides comprehensive protection mechanism, effectively promotes the stability of whole system operation, improves the security and reliability of system.
[0017] 2. The current signal is collected in real time through the current sampling module, and the current signal is transmitted to the hardware protection module and the detection module respectively. The short-circuit protection function is realized through the hardware protection module, when the short-time impact current flowing through the power distribution switch is detected, the power distribution switch can be quickly closed and locked to prevent damage, the off of the power distribution switch can be controlled according to the actual load working condition setting overcurrent point through the detection module, after the failure is eliminated, the power distribution switch can be restarted through the reset instruction, and the actual sampled current signal can be sent to the upper computer for display or other functions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1A structural block diagram of a device for output end multi-way power distribution and protection integration is provided in the embodiments of the present application.
[0019] Figure 2 A current schematic diagram of the device for output end multi-way power distribution and protection integration is provided in the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0021] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 a device for output end multi-way power distribution and protection integration comprises a plurality of power distribution branches sharing one bus output end, each power distribution branch comprises a current sampling module, the current sampling module is connected with a hardware protection module and a detection module, the hardware protection module and the detection module are both connected with a driving module, and the driving module is connected with a power distribution switch.
[0022] In the present embodiment, when power distribution is performed, the current sampling module sends the collected current to the hardware protection module and the detection module. If the current exceeds the set current value during loading, the detection module pulls down the power distribution control signal to turn off, and the hardware protection module controls the driving module and the power distribution switch to turn off, so that the short circuit protection function is effectively realized.
[0023] As shown in the drawings, Figure 2 the detection module comprises a single-chip microcomputer, i.e. Figure 2 MCU in the drawings, the model of the single-chip microcomputer is STM32F103ZET, the input end of the single-chip microcomputer is used to receive the current signal collected by the current sampling module, and the output end is used to output the power distribution signal.
[0024] As shown in the drawings, Figure 2 in the present embodiment, the hardware protection module comprises an operational amplifier, i.e. N1 in the drawings, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the output end of the current sampling module, the inverting input end is connected with a power supply, and the output end is connected with the driving module. The driving module comprises an isolation driver, i.e. N30, the isolation driver is connected with a second transistor, i.e. V34, the second transistor is connected with a first transistor, i.e. V33, and the first transistor is connected with the hardware protection module. In normal power distribution, the single-chip microcomputer sends a power distribution control signal to turn on the second transistor, the second transistor controls the isolation driver to turn on the power distribution switch, and power distribution is successful.
[0025] The drain of the second transistor is connected with the output of the isolation driver, the source is grounded, and the gate is connected with the single-chip microcomputer.
[0026] Secondly, the gate of the first transistor is connected with the output of the operational amplifier, the source is grounded, and the drain is connected with the gate of the second transistor and the single-chip microcomputer.
[0027] In the normal power distribution, after the upper computer sends the power distribution instruction, the single-chip microcomputer sends the power distribution control signal to open the second transistor, and the second transistor controls the isolation driver to open the power distribution switch, so that the power distribution is successful.
[0028] Meanwhile, the current sampling module sends the collected current signal to the single-chip microcomputer for signal processing or uploads to the upper computer. If the current exceeds the set current value during the loading process, the single-chip microcomputer pulls down the power distribution control signal to turn off the second transistor, and the isolation driver and the power distribution switch are turned off accordingly.
[0029] In the embodiment, the output of the operational amplifier is also connected with the fourth transistor, i.e. V1. The drain of the fourth transistor is connected with the output of the operational amplifier, the gate is connected with the single-chip microcomputer, and the source is grounded.
[0030] When the fault is removed and the power distribution is needed, the upper computer sends the reset instruction to reset. After the single-chip microcomputer receives the reset instruction, the single-chip microcomputer sends the reset signal to control the fourth transistor. After the fourth transistor is turned on, the lock state of the operational amplifier is released, the pin 1 of the operational amplifier is at low level, and the first transistor is in the off state. At this time, the single-chip microcomputer can perform normal power distribution.
[0031] In the embodiment, the power distribution switch is the third transistor, i.e. V19. The gate of the third transistor is connected with the output of the isolation driver, the source is connected with the bus output, and the drain is connected with the load.
[0032] As shown in Figure 2 The current sampling module is a Hall current sensor, i.e. M21. The output of the Hall current sensor is connected with the single-chip microcomputer and the operational amplifier. A disconnection circuit is arranged between the output and the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, and the input is connected with the bus output.
[0033] When the load end is short-circuited, the upper computer sends a power distribution instruction, and the MCU sends a power distribution control signal to turn on the second transistor, the second transistor controls the isolation driver to turn on the third transistor, at this time, the short-circuit current is very large, the Hall current sensor sends the detected current signal directly to the resistor R5, and then to the operational amplifier N1 after passing through the diode D2. Then the 1 pin of the operational amplifier N1 sends a high level to turn on the first transistor V34, and quickly pull down the power distribution signal just now, turn off the second transistor, and the isolation driver and the third transistor are turned off accordingly. The power distribution switch is protected accordingly. At the same time, in order to prevent this phenomenon from repeatedly turning on and off within a short time, affecting other branches.
[0034] In this embodiment, a lock circuit is provided between the output end and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and a diode D1 and a resistor R3 are connected in series between the 1 pin and the 3 pin of the operational amplifier N1, so as to lock the short-circuit signal and ensure that the power distribution switch is always turned off before the fault is removed, thereby protecting the power distribution switch.
[0035] In addition, when the power distribution switch normally distributes power, if the temperature of the power distribution switch reaches the over-temperature protection point or the output voltage is too high, the single-chip microcomputer MCU immediately pulls down the power distribution control signal to turn off the second transistor V33, and the isolation driver N30 and the third transistor V19 are turned off accordingly, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the power distribution switch.
[0036] The working principle of the above embodiment is as follows:
[0037] Normal working state: When the upper computer sends a power distribution instruction, the single-chip microcomputer MCU sends a power distribution control signal to turn on the second transistor, the second transistor controls the isolation driver to turn on the third transistor, at this time, the power distribution is successful. At the same time, the current Hall sensor M21 sends the detected current signal to the single-chip microcomputer MCU for signal processing or uploads it to the upper computer. If the current exceeds the set current value during the loading process, the single-chip microcomputer MCU pulls down the power distribution control signal to turn off the second transistor, and the isolation driver and the third transistor are turned off accordingly.
[0038] Short circuit protection state: when the load end is short-circuited, the upper computer sends a power distribution command, and the single-chip microcomputer MCU sends a power distribution control signal to open the second transistor, the second transistor controls the isolation driver to open the third transistor, at this time, the short-circuit current is very large, the Hall current sensor M21 directly sends the detected current signal to the resistor R5, and then sends it to the operational amplifier N1 through the diode D2. Then the 1 pin of the operational amplifier N1 sends a high level to open the first transistor V34, and quickly pull down the power distribution signal just now, turn off the second transistor, and the isolation driver and the third transistor are turned off accordingly. The power distribution switch is protected accordingly. At the same time, in order to prevent the phenomenon from being repeatedly turned on and off within a short time, affecting other branches, a diode D1 and a resistor R3 are connected in series between the 1 pin and the 3 pin of the operational amplifier N1, so as to lock the short-circuit signal and ensure that the power distribution switch is always turned off before the fault is removed. When the fault is removed and the power distribution is needed, the upper computer sends a reset command to reset, that is, after the single-chip microcomputer MCU receives the reset command, the single-chip microcomputer MCU sends a reset signal to control the fourth transistor V1, and the lock state of the operational amplifier N1 is released. The 1 pin of the operational amplifier N1 is low, and the first transistor V34 is in an off state. At this time, the single-chip microcomputer MCU can normally distribute power.
[0039] Over-temperature and over-voltage protection: when the power distribution switch normally distributes power, if the temperature of the power distribution switch reaches the over-temperature protection point or the output voltage is too high, the single-chip microcomputer MCU immediately pulls down the power distribution control signal to turn off the second transistor, and the isolation driver and the third transistor are turned off accordingly, thereby protecting the power distribution switch.
[0040] Although the embodiments of the utility model have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the utility model, and the scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. An apparatus for output multiplexing, power distribution and protection integration, characterized in that, The utility model provides a power distribution branch including a plurality of bus output terminal, each of the power distribution branch includes current sampling module, the current sampling module connects hardware protection module and detection module, hardware protection module and detection module all connect drive module, drive module connects power distribution switch.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is characterized by: The hardware protection module includes operational amplifier, the operational amplifier same phase input terminal connects the output terminal of current sampling module, opposite phase input terminal is connected with power, and the output terminal is connected drive module.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is characterized by: The drive module includes isolation driver, the isolation driver is connected with second transistor, the second transistor is connected with first transistor, and the first transistor is connected with the hardware protection module.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is characterized by: The detection module includes singlechip, and the singlechip input end is used to receive current signal that current sampling module gathers, and the output end is used to output power distribution signal.
5. The device for integrated multi-channel power distribution and protection at the output end according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drain electrode of the second transistor is connected with the output end of the isolation driver, the source electrode is grounded, and the grid is connected with the detection module.
6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the output terminal multiplexing and protection integrated device is further characterized by: a plurality of output terminals; a plurality of output terminal protection circuits; and a plurality of output terminal protection circuit control circuits. The grid of the first transistor is connected with the output end of the hardware protection module, the source electrode is grounded, and the drain electrode is connected with the grid of the second transistor and the detection module.
7. The device for integrated multi-channel power distribution and protection at the output end according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output end of the operational amplifier is also connected with the fourth transistor, the drain electrode of the fourth transistor is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier, the grid is connected with the detection module, and the source electrode is grounded.
8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the output terminal multiplexing and protection integrated device is further characterized by: a plurality of output terminals; a plurality of output terminal protection circuits; and a plurality of output terminal protection circuit control circuits. The power distribution switch is the third transistor, the grid of the third transistor is connected with the output end of the isolation driver, the source electrode is connected with the bus output terminal, and the drain electrode is connected with the load.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the plurality of output terminals are connected to a plurality of power distribution units; and the plurality of output terminals are connected to a plurality of power protection units. The current sampling module is the hall current sensor, the output end of the hall current sensor is connected with the singlechip and the operational amplifier respectively, the output end is equipped with the related break circuit between the same phase input end of the operational amplifier, and the input end is connected with the bus output terminal.
10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the output multiplexing and protection integrated device further comprises: a plurality of output multiplexing and protection integrated devices; and a plurality of output multiplexing and protection integrated devices are connected in parallel to the input multiplexing and protection integrated device. The output end and the positive phase input end of the operational amplifier are equipped with the lock circuit.