Laser wire powder coaxial combined machining head for multiple light beams

Abstract

The utility model relates to a laser wire powder coaxial combined machining head for multiple beams, and belongs to the technical field of laser additive equipment, the laser wire powder coaxial combined machining head comprises a wire feeding assembly and a plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles, the plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles are arranged around the central axis of a wire in the wire feeding assembly, the coaxial powder feeding nozzles are connected with a lens group module, and the lens group module is connected with an optical fiber plug. The laser passes through the lens group module and is coaxial with the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzles, an annular powder feeding channel is arranged in the coaxial powder feeding nozzles around the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzles, the coaxial powder feeding nozzles are provided with powder feeding holes communicated with the annular powder feeding channel, and the central axis of a wire in the wire feeding assembly and the central axis of each coaxial powder feeding nozzle intersect at the same point. The device has the advantages that when the silk powder is fed at the same time, the silk powder can evenly absorb energy of laser, the problem of different directions is solved, the material utilization rate and the additive quality are improved, meanwhile, equipment adjustment is simplified, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing equipment technology, and in particular to a laser wire powder coaxial composite processing head for multi-beam laser processing. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of laser additive manufacturing technology in recent years, it has evolved from the initial laser powder feeding to laser wire feeding and simultaneous wire and powder feeding.

[0003] In powder-feed additive manufacturing, powder is sprayed in a mist form through a nozzle onto the laser beam irradiation area. The powder melts under the high temperature of the laser and fuses with the substrate. Because the powder particles are small, they can be distributed more evenly, making it suitable for manufacturing parts with complex geometries and allowing for finer machining. It is particularly suitable for repairing and improving the surface quality of existing parts. However, it is less efficient than deposition additive manufacturing, and the material utilization rate is also lower.

[0004] Wire-fed additive manufacturing involves directly feeding a metal wire into the laser beam irradiation area, where the wire melts and fuses with the substrate under the laser's influence. Because of the high melting efficiency of the wire and the higher material utilization rate, it is suitable for large-scale production and is inexpensive. The disadvantages are increased spatter and explosion, and relatively lower precision.

[0005] To improve material utilization, the advantages of both wire feeding additive manufacturing and powder feeding additive manufacturing are combined, and the technology of wire and powder feeding additive manufacturing is gradually emerging. Existing wire and powder feeding equipment usually feeds the wire, powder and laser separately along different axial directions. The conveying axes of the wire, powder and laser converge at an intersection on the workpiece, so that the wire, powder and laser can be effectively converged in the molten pool area.

[0006] However, existing coaxial wire and powder feeding equipment typically has the following problems: Before additive manufacturing, the wire feeding angle, powder feeding angle, and laser incident angle need to be adjusted separately, making equipment adjustment relatively complex, especially when processing multiple lasers and various powders simultaneously. Secondly, in existing equipment, because the powder and laser have different transport paths, the powder and wire are often transported in different directions before reaching the molten pool. The laser energy is not evenly distributed on the powder and wire, resulting in directional anisotropy, which affects material utilization and additive manufacturing quality. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to achieve uniform absorption of laser energy by the wire powder when the wire powder is fed together, reduce the problem of directional anisotropy, improve material utilization and additive quality, and simplify equipment adjustment and improve work efficiency, this application provides a laser wire powder coaxial composite processing head for multi-beam laser processing.

[0008] The technical solution provided in this application for a multi-beam laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head is as follows:

[0009] A multi-beam laser wire-powder coaxial composite processing head includes a wire feeding assembly and a plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles. The plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles are arranged around the central axis of the wire within the wire feeding assembly. Each coaxial powder feeding nozzle is connected to a mirror module, and the mirror module is connected to an optical fiber plug. The laser passes through the mirror module and is coaxial with the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle. Each coaxial powder feeding nozzle has an annular powder feeding channel arranged around its own central axis. Each coaxial powder feeding nozzle has a powder feeding hole communicating with the annular powder feeding channel. The central axis of the wire within the wire feeding assembly intersects the central axis of each coaxial powder feeding nozzle at the same point.

[0010] By employing the above technical solution, laser energy can act on the filament simultaneously from multiple directions. This arrangement ensures that the laser energy can uniformly cover the entire outer surface of the filament, rather than just a localized area. This significantly reduces heat concentration issues, thereby effectively avoiding phenomena such as material overheating and uneven melting.

[0011] This design improves the overall stability and uniformity of the processing, effectively preventing deformation or stress concentration in the filament caused by uneven heating on one side. It also enhances the material's melting efficiency and reduces cold spots and hot spots. This uniform heating is particularly important for additively manufactured components with complex geometries.

[0012] Secondly, the annular powder feeding channel structure allows the powder to be uniformly fed around the laser beam. This ensures the powder is evenly distributed around the laser, enabling it to absorb laser energy uniformly. Compared to traditional single-sided powder feeding methods, this uniform distribution allows more powder to directly contact the high-temperature area and be fully melted, reducing waste caused by powder failing to enter the laser irradiation range. Furthermore, it ensures the powder is evenly distributed into the molten pool from all directions, avoiding the problems of uneven powder distribution, concentration on one side, or localized heating found in traditional equipment.

[0013] Meanwhile, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle is independently connected to the mirror module and fiber optic connector, meaning that the type, power, and type of powder delivered by each coaxial powder feeding nozzle can be adjusted individually. This enables the manufacture of functionally graded materials, or the optimization of processing parameters for different materials through combinations of various lasers, improving the adaptability of the equipment.

[0014] Furthermore, since different metal materials have different absorption rates for lasers of different wavelengths, the absorption efficiency of the laser and powder can be optimized by adjusting the laser emitted by each coaxial powder feeding nozzle, thereby accelerating the melting of the powder and improving processing efficiency.

[0015] Moreover, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle is connected to an independent mirror module and fiber optic plug. The nozzle and laser are integrated together. When the position of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle is adjusted, the laser angle will also be automatically adjusted, which can ensure that the laser and powder converge more precisely in the molten pool, reduce human adjustment errors, and further improve processing quality and efficiency.

[0016] Optionally, some of the coaxial powder feeding nozzles are arranged asymmetrically relative to the central axis of the filament within the filament feeding assembly.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the asymmetrical arrangement makes the laser emission paths asymmetrical, effectively avoiding reflected light directly hitting the fiber optic plug and mirror module, reducing the risk of equipment damage and improving safety.

[0018] Optionally, at least two powder feeding holes are provided, and each powder feeding hole is connected to a powder feeding tube.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple powder feeding holes can simultaneously feed powder into the annular channel, which can significantly improve the powder conveying speed and efficiency, thereby speeding up the processing speed. Furthermore, the setting of multiple powder feeding holes allows the powder to enter the annular channel from different positions and be evenly distributed around the area affected by the laser beam. It can also effectively avoid the clogging problem of a single powder feeding pipe.

[0020] Optionally, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle includes a first connecting pipe and a focusing pipe. The first connecting pipe is a cylindrical hollow pipe, and the focusing pipe is a hollow frustum-shaped conical pipe. The first connecting pipe and the focusing pipe are coaxially connected. A second connecting pipe is sleeved on the first connecting pipe. The first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe are coaxially arranged. A powder conveying pipe is coaxially connected to the second connecting pipe. The powder conveying pipe is a hollow frustum-shaped conical pipe and is sleeved on the focusing pipe. The space between the second connecting pipe, the powder conveying pipe, and the focusing pipe forms the annular powder feeding channel. The powder feeding hole is opened on the second connecting pipe.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the laser can be emitted sequentially through the first connecting tube and the focusing tube. At the same time, the focusing tube and the powder conveying tube cooperate to form a conical annular powder feeding channel, which is also conducive to the collection of powder around the laser.

[0022] Optionally, the wire feeding assembly includes a wire guide tube and a wire tube fixing component. One end of the wire guide tube is connected to a wire guide nozzle. The wire tube fixing component is used to fix the wire guide tube. A wire feeding seat is provided on the top of the wire tube fixing component, and a wire feeding wheel assembly is installed on the wire feeding seat.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the wire feeding wheel assembly can feed the wire into the wire guide tube and out from the wire guide nozzle, thereby achieving a continuous wire supply. By replacing the wire feeding wheel assembly with different spacing, the wire guide tube with different inner diameter, and the wire guide nozzle with different inner diameter, compatibility with different welding wire diameters can be achieved.

[0024] Optionally, a plurality of the coaxial powder feeding nozzles are connected to the wire feeding assembly through a mounting base. The mounting base has a first mounting channel and a plurality of second mounting channels. The wire feeding assembly passes through the first mounting channel and is fixed to the mounting base. The second mounting channels correspond one-to-one with the coaxial powder feeding nozzles. One end of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and one end of the lens module are both fixed in the second mounting channel.

[0025] The first installation channel is coaxially arranged with the central axis of the filament in the filament feeding assembly, and the second installation channel is coaxially arranged with the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle is connected to the wire feeding assembly via a common mounting base, rather than being independently connected. The mirror assembly module and coaxial powder feeding nozzle only need to be mounted on the mounting base; no additional connecting mechanisms are required for the mirror assembly module and coaxial powder feeding nozzle. This mounting base-only connection not only simplifies assembly but also enhances structural stability, ensuring the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, wire feeding assembly, and mirror assembly module remain stable during operation and reducing alignment deviations caused by vibration or external interference. Furthermore, this connection method supports modular design, making equipment upgrades and expansions easier. Users can easily add or replace coaxial powder feeding nozzles, wire feeding assemblies, or mirror assembly modules as needed to adapt to different processing tasks.

[0027] Optionally, the wire tube fixing component is coaxially connected to a first flange. The first flange is connected to a connecting seat, one end of the connecting seat and the first flange are both fixed in the first mounting channel, and the end of the connecting seat away from the first mounting channel is connected to a second flange. The second flange is fixed to the connecting seat, and the wire feeder is mounted on the second flange.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the first flange is fixed to the connecting seat and the first installation channel, and the second flange is fixed to the connecting seat, which facilitates installation and can improve the coaxiality of the guide tube, the connecting seat and the first installation channel.

[0029] Optionally, the first flange has a plurality of connection holes, the connecting seat has a connection port in the circumference, the connection holes communicate with the connection port, the powder feeding hole of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle facing the wire feeding assembly communicates with the connection hole, and the mounting seat has a weight reduction groove.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the powder feeding hole on the side of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle facing the wire feeding assembly can be directly connected to the powder feeding pipe. The powder feeding pipe can pass through the connecting hole and the connecting port in sequence, which facilitates the connection of the powder feeding pipe to the feeding device, simplifies the powder feeding pipeline connection, avoids powder blockage or uneven distribution caused by complex pipelines, improves powder feeding efficiency, and facilitates maintenance and adjustment. At the same time, the opening of the connecting hole, the connecting port, and the weight-reducing channel also reduces the weight of the equipment.

[0031] Optionally, the wire tube fixing component includes a fixing tube that passes through the first flange and is fixed to each other, the wire guide tube is formed by connecting a cylindrical tube and a frustum conical tube, the wire guide tube extends out of the top of the fixing tube, and the wire feeding nozzle extends out of the bottom of the fixing tube.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the fixing tube can stably fix the entire circumference of the guide tube, avoiding the guide tube deviation caused by vibration or external force during the wire feeding process, improving the alignment accuracy and stability of the wire feeding process, and the truncated cone section in the guide tube effectively reduces the space occupied by the guide tube, avoiding interference between the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the guide tube.

[0033] Optionally, the top of the lens module is provided with an optical fiber insertion port, and the optical fiber plug is connected to the lens module through the optical fiber insertion port. The optical fiber insertion port is a universal interface of QBH, QCS and QD. The lens module is provided with a protective gas inlet, and the protective gas inlet is connected to the second installation channel.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, this fiber optic insertion port facilitates the replacement of fiber optic plugs of different power and types, thereby meeting the processing requirements. Protective gas is introduced through the protective gas inlet, which serves as a protective gas for the additive material, preventing the material from being oxidized by heat, and also helps to prevent smoke and dust from contaminating the lens assembly.

[0035] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0036] 1. Lasers can act on the filament simultaneously from multiple directions. This arrangement ensures that laser energy can uniformly cover the entire outer surface of the filament, rather than just a localized area. This uniform heating is especially important for additively manufactured components with complex geometries. This significantly reduces heat concentration problems, thereby effectively avoiding overheating, uneven melting, and other issues, and minimizing the problem of filament anisotropy.

[0037] 2. Through the annular powder feeding channel structure, the powder can be uniformly fed around the laser beam. The powder can be evenly distributed around the laser, allowing it to absorb laser energy uniformly. Furthermore, it ensures that the powder is evenly distributed into the molten pool from all directions. This avoids the problems of uneven powder distribution, concentration on one side, or localized heating found in traditional equipment, reduces powder orientation anisotropy, and improves powder utilization and additive manufacturing quality.

[0038] 3. Each coaxial powder feeding nozzle is independently connected to the mirror module and fiber optic connector. The type, power, and type of powder delivered by each nozzle can be individually adjusted. This enables the fabrication of functionally graded materials, or the optimization of processing parameters for different materials through combinations of various lasers, improving the equipment's adaptability.

[0039] 4. Since different metal materials have different absorption rates for lasers of different wavelengths, the absorption efficiency of the laser and powder can be optimized by adjusting the laser emitted by each coaxial powder feeding nozzle, thereby accelerating the melting of the powder and improving processing efficiency.

[0040] Moreover, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the laser are integrated together. When the position of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle is adjusted, the angle of the laser will also be automatically adjusted, which can ensure that the laser and powder converge more precisely in the molten pool, reduce human adjustment errors, and further improve processing quality and efficiency.

[0041] 5. The asymmetrical arrangement makes the laser emission paths asymmetrical, effectively preventing reflected light from directly hitting the fiber optic plug and mirror module, reducing the risk of equipment damage and improving safety;

[0042] 6. The mounting bracket connection not only simplifies assembly but also enhances structural stability, ensuring that the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, wire feeding assembly, and mirror module remain stable during operation and reducing alignment deviations caused by vibration or external interference.

[0043] 7. The powder feeding hole on the side of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle facing the wire feeding assembly can be directly connected to the powder feeding pipe. The powder feeding pipe can pass through the connecting hole and the connecting port in sequence, which facilitates the connection of the powder feeding pipe to the feeding device, simplifies the powder feeding pipeline connection, avoids powder blockage or uneven distribution caused by complex pipelines, improves powder feeding efficiency, and facilitates maintenance and adjustment. At the same time, the opening of the connecting hole, the connecting port, and the weight-reducing channel also reduces the weight of the equipment;

[0044] 8. The fiber optic insertion port is a universal interface of QBH, QCS and QD, which makes it easy to replace fiber optic plugs of different power and types to meet the processing requirements. Protective gas is introduced through the protective gas inlet. The protective gas serves as a protective gas for the additive material to prevent the material from being oxidized by heat, and also helps to prevent smoke and dust from contaminating the lens assembly.

[0045] 9. Compared to existing products, the overall design is highly integrated, lighter, and easier to install. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wire feeding assembly in an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the connecting seat, the first flange, and the mounting seat in an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Wire feeding assembly; 11. Wire guide tube; 12. Wire tube fixing component; 121. Fixing tube; 13. Wire guide nozzle; 14. Wire feeding seat; 15. Wire feeding wheel assembly; 2. Coaxial powder feeding nozzle; 21. Annular powder feeding channel; 22. Powder feeding hole; 23. First connecting tube; 24. Focusing tube; 25. Second connecting tube; 26. Powder conveying tube; 27. Powder feeding tube; 28. Air inlet; 3. Lens module; 31. Fiber optic insertion port; 32. Protective gas inlet; 4. Fiber optic plug; 5. Mounting base; 51. First mounting channel; 52. Second mounting channel; 53. Weight reduction groove; 6. Connecting base; 61. Connecting port; 7. First flange; 71. Connecting hole; 8. Second flange. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-5 This application will be described in further detail.

[0053] This application discloses a laser wire powder coaxial composite processing head for multi-beam lasers.

[0054] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3A multi-beam laser wire-powder coaxial composite processing head includes a wire feeding assembly 1 and several coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2. The several coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2 are arranged around the central axis of the wire within the wire feeding assembly 1. The coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2 are connected to a mirror module 3, and the mirror module 3 is connected to an optical fiber plug 4. The laser passes through the mirror module 3 and is coaxial with the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2. An annular powder feeding channel 21 is arranged around the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 has a powder feeding hole 22 communicating with the annular powder feeding channel 21. The annular powder feeding channel 21 extends to the end of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 away from the mirror module 3. The central axis of the wire within the wire feeding assembly 1 intersects the central axis of each coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 at the same point.

[0055] In this embodiment, there are six coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 includes a first connecting tube 23 and a focusing tube 24. The first connecting tube 23 is a cylindrical hollow tube, and the focusing tube 24 is a hollow frustoconical tube. The first connecting tube 23 and the focusing tube 24 are coaxially connected and integrally formed.

[0056] The first connecting pipe 23 is fitted with the second connecting pipe 25, and the top end of the second connecting pipe 25 is fixed to the bottom end of the first connecting pipe 23. The bottom of the second connecting pipe 25 is connected to a powder conveying pipe 26, which is integrally formed with the second connecting pipe 25. The powder conveying pipe 26 is a hollow frustum-shaped tube and is fitted onto the focusing pipe 24. The focusing pipe 24, the powder conveying pipe 26, the first connecting pipe 23, and the second connecting pipe 25 are coaxial.

[0057] The space formed by the inner bottom wall of the second connecting pipe 25, the inner wall of the powder conveying pipe 26, and the outer side of the focusing pipe 24 constitutes the annular powder feeding channel 21. Two powder feeding holes 22 are located at the bottom of the second connecting pipe 25, arranged about the central axis of the second connecting pipe 25. Each powder feeding hole 22 is connected to a powder feeding pipe 27. One powder feeding pipe 27 faces the wire feeding assembly 1, and the other powder feeding pipe 27 is located on the side of the second connecting pipe 25 away from the wire feeding assembly 1. Each second connecting pipe 25 has two air inlets 28.

[0058] Through the annular powder feeding channel 21, the powder can be uniformly conveyed around the laser. The powder can be evenly distributed around the laser, allowing it to absorb laser energy uniformly. Furthermore, it ensures that the powder is evenly distributed into the molten pool from all directions. This avoids the problems of uneven powder distribution, concentration on one side, or localized heating found in traditional equipment, reduces powder orientation anisotropy, and improves powder utilization and additive manufacturing quality.

[0059] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5Six coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2 are mounted together on a mounting base 5. A first mounting channel 51 is formed at the center of the mounting base 5, and six second mounting channels 52 are also formed around the first mounting channel 51. Both the first and second mounting channels 51 and 52 are cylindrical channels. The central axes of the six second mounting channels 52 intersect the central axis of the first mounting channel 51 at the same point. Three weight-reducing grooves 53 are formed around the mounting base 5, extending to the top, bottom, and outer circumferential surfaces of the mounting base 5. Each pair of second mounting channels 52 forms a group, and each group of second mounting channels 52 is located between two adjacent weight-reducing grooves 53.

[0060] The wire feeding assembly 1 passes through the first mounting channel 51 and is fixed to the mounting base 5. The wire in the wire feeding assembly 1 is coaxially arranged with the first mounting channel 51.

[0061] Each second mounting channel 52 has stepped grooves at its top and bottom. A first connecting pipe 23 corresponds one-to-one with each second mounting channel 52. The top of the first connecting pipe 23 also has a matching stepped groove. The first connecting pipe 23 is inserted into the corresponding second mounting groove and fixed to the mounting base 5. The first connecting pipe 23 and the second mounting channel 52 are coaxially arranged.

[0062] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 The lens module 3 corresponds one-to-one with the second mounting channel 52 and is mounted on the mounting base 5. The lens module 3 includes a housing, the bottom of which is also provided with a stepped groove adapted to the second mounting channel 52. The housing is fixed on the mounting base 5. The housing contains a collimating lens (not shown in the figure) and a focusing lens (not shown in the figure). The housing also contains a water cooling channel to cool the lens (a standard feature, not shown in the figure). The top of the housing has a fiber optic insertion port 31, which is a universal interface for QBH, QCS, and QD. A fiber optic plug 4 is inserted into the housing through the fiber optic insertion port 31. A protective gas inlet 32 ​​is provided at one end of the housing near the mounting base 5. The laser sequentially passes through the collimating lens, the focusing lens, the second mounting channel 52, the first connecting tube 23, and the focusing tube 24, and the laser is coaxial with the second mounting channel 52.

[0063] Each coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is connected to the wire feeding assembly 1 via a common mounting base 5, rather than being independently connected. The mirror assembly module 3 and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 also only need to be mounted on the mounting base 5; no additional connection mechanisms are required for the mirror assembly module 3 and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2. This connection via the mounting base 5 not only simplifies assembly but also enhances structural stability, ensuring the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2, wire feeding assembly 1, and mirror assembly module 3 remain stable during operation and reducing alignment deviations caused by vibration or external interference. Furthermore, this connection method supports modular design, making equipment upgrades and expansions easier. Users can easily add or replace the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2, wire feeding assembly 1, or mirror assembly module 3 as needed to adapt to different processing tasks.

[0064] Furthermore, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is independently connected to the mirror module 3 and the fiber optic connector 4, meaning that the type, power, and type of powder delivered by each coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 can be adjusted individually. This enables the manufacture of functionally graded materials, or the optimization of processing parameters for different materials through combinations of various lasers, thereby improving the adaptability of the equipment.

[0065] Furthermore, since different metal materials have different absorption rates for lasers of different wavelengths, the absorption efficiency of the laser and powder can be optimized by adjusting the laser emitted by each coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2, thereby accelerating the melting of the powder and improving processing efficiency.

[0066] Moreover, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is connected to an independent mirror module 3 and fiber optic plug 4. The nozzle and laser are integrated together. When the position of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is adjusted, the laser angle will also be automatically adjusted, which can ensure that the laser and powder converge more accurately in the molten pool, reduce human adjustment errors, and further improve processing quality and efficiency.

[0067] like Figure 1 The six coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2 are arranged asymmetrically with respect to the central axis of the filament within the filament feeding assembly 1 (i.e., the central axis of the first mounting channel 51). That is, no single coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the first mounting channel 51 or any other coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2.

[0068] The asymmetrical arrangement makes the laser emission paths asymmetrical, effectively preventing reflected light from directly hitting the fiber optic plug 4 and mirror module 3, reducing the risk of equipment damage and improving safety.

[0069] like Figure 4 and Figure 5The wire feeding assembly 1 includes a wire guide tube 11 and a wire tube fixing member 12. One end of the wire guide tube 11 is connected to a wire guide nozzle 13, and the wire tube fixing member 12 is used to fix the wire guide tube 11. In this embodiment, the wire tube fixing member 12 includes a fixing tube 121, which is integrally formed from a cylindrical tube and a frustum-shaped tube. Six coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2 surround the frustum-shaped tube section of the fixing tube 121. The wire guide tube 11 passes through the fixing tube 121 and is fixed thereto. The wire guide nozzle 13 extends from the frustum-shaped tube end of the fixing tube 121, and the wire guide tube 11 extends from the cylindrical tube end of the fixing tube 121.

[0070] The top of the first installation channel 51 has a stepped groove. A first flange 7 is bolted into the stepped groove of the first installation channel 51. A fixing pipe 121 passes through the center hole of the first flange 7. A connecting seat 6 is also bolted into the stepped groove of the first installation channel. The connecting seat 6 is a cylindrical seat and is coaxially arranged with the first flange 7. A second flange 8 is threaded to the top of the connecting seat 6. The fixing pipe 121 passes through the second flange 8. The fixing pipe 121 and the second flange 8 are fixed together and their top surfaces are flush with each other. The second flange 8 and the first flange 7 are coaxially arranged. A wire feed seat 14 is fixed to the top surface of the first flange 7. A wire feed wheel assembly 15 is installed on the wire feed seat 14. The wire feed wheel assembly 15 can be driven to rotate by a motor. The wire passes through the wire feed wheel assembly 15, the wire guide tube 11, and the wire guide nozzle 13 in sequence.

[0071] The wire feeding wheel assembly 15 can feed the wire into the wire guide tube 11 and out from the wire guide nozzle 13 to achieve continuous wire supply. By changing the wire feeding wheel assembly 15 with different spacing, the wire guide tube 11 with different inner diameter, and the wire guide nozzle 13 with different inner diameter, compatibility with different welding wire diameters can be achieved.

[0072] Furthermore, by using the first flange 7 to fix the connecting seat 6 and the first mounting channel 51, and the second flange 8 to fix the connecting seat 6, installation is convenient and the coaxiality of the wire guide tube 11, the connecting seat 6 and the first mounting channel 51 is improved, making the position of the wire more accurate.

[0073] like Figure 5 The first flange 7 has six connection holes 71, each of which extends to the circumference of the first flange 7. Each connection hole 71 corresponds to a powder feeding pipe 27 facing the fixed pipe 121, and the powder feeding pipe 27 passes through the connection hole 71. The circumference of the connecting seat 6 has three connection ports 61, each of which corresponds to and is connected to two connection holes 71.

[0074] The powder feeding pipe 27 can pass through the connecting hole 71 and the connecting port 61 in sequence, which facilitates the connection of the powder feeding pipe 27 to the feeding device, simplifies the connection of the powder feeding pipe 27, avoids powder blockage or uneven distribution caused by complex pipelines, improves powder feeding efficiency, and facilitates maintenance and adjustment. At the same time, the opening of the connecting hole 71 and the connecting port 61 also helps to reduce the weight of the equipment.

[0075] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: Powder is output around the central axis of a laser, and multiple laser beams are output around the central axis of a filament. All laser beams intersect the filament at a single point, ensuring that the laser energy can uniformly cover the entire outer surface of the filament. The powder is evenly distributed around the laser beams, allowing for uniform absorption of laser energy. This achieves uniform absorption of laser energy by the powder and filament during simultaneous feeding, reducing directional anisotropy issues and improving material utilization and additive manufacturing quality.

[0076] Each coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 can be individually adjusted for laser type, power, and powder type, optimizing laser-powder absorption efficiency, accelerating powder melting, and improving processing efficiency. Furthermore, various laser combinations can be used to optimize processing parameters for different materials, enhancing the equipment's adaptability.

[0077] Moreover, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is connected to an independent mirror module 3 and fiber optic plug 4. The nozzle and laser are integrated together. When the position of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is adjusted, the laser angle will also be automatically adjusted, which can ensure that the laser and powder converge more accurately in the molten pool, reduce human adjustment errors, and further improve processing quality and efficiency.

[0078] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head for multi-beam laser processing, characterized in that: The assembly includes a wire feeding component (1) and several coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2). The several coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) are arranged around the central axis of the wire in the wire feeding component (1). The coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) are connected to a mirror module (3). The mirror module (3) is connected to an optical fiber plug (4). The laser passes through the mirror module (3) and is coaxial with the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2). The coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) have an annular powder feeding channel (21) arranged around their own central axis. The coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) have powder feeding holes (22) that communicate with the annular powder feeding channel (21). The central axis of the wire in the wire feeding component (1) intersects the central axis of each coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) at the same point.

2. The laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head for multi-beam laser processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several of the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) are arranged asymmetrically relative to the central axis of the filament within the filament feeding assembly (1).

3. The laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head for multi-beam laser processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two powder feeding holes (22) are provided, and each powder feeding hole (22) is connected to a powder feeding tube (27).

4. The laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head for multi-beam laser processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) includes a first connecting pipe (23) and a focusing pipe (24). The first connecting pipe (23) is a cylindrical hollow pipe, and the focusing pipe (24) is a hollow frustum-shaped pipe. The first connecting pipe (23) and the focusing pipe (24) are coaxially connected. The first connecting pipe (23) is fitted with a second connecting pipe (25). The first connecting pipe (23) and the second connecting pipe (25) are coaxially arranged. The second connecting pipe (25) is coaxially connected with a powder conveying pipe (26). The powder conveying pipe (26) is a hollow frustum-shaped pipe, and the powder conveying pipe (26) is fitted on the focusing pipe (24). The space between the second connecting pipe (25), the powder conveying pipe (26), and the focusing pipe (24) forms the annular powder feeding channel (21). The powder feeding hole (22) is opened on the second connecting pipe (25).

5. The laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head for multi-beam laser processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire feeding assembly (1) includes a wire guide tube (11) and a wire tube fixing member (12). One end of the wire guide tube (11) is connected to a wire guide nozzle (13). The wire tube fixing member (12) is used to fix the wire guide tube (11). A wire feeding seat (14) is provided on the top of the wire tube fixing member (12). A wire feeding wheel assembly (15) is installed on the wire feeding seat (14).

6. The laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head for multi-beam laser processing according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) are connected to the wire feeding assembly (1) through a mounting base (5). The mounting base (5) has a first mounting channel (51) and a plurality of second mounting channels (52). The wire feeding assembly (1) passes through the first mounting channel (51) and is fixed to the mounting base (5). The second mounting channels (52) correspond one-to-one with the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2). One end of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) and one end of the lens module (3) are both fixed in the second mounting channel (52). The first installation channel (51) is coaxially arranged with the central axis of the filament in the filament feeding assembly (1), and the second installation channel (52) is coaxially arranged with the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2).

7. The laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head for multi-beam laser processing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wire tube fixing component (12) is coaxially connected to a first flange (7), and the first flange (7) is connected to a connecting seat (6). One end of the connecting seat (6) and the first flange (7) are both fixed in the first installation channel (51). The end of the connecting seat (6) away from the first installation channel (51) is connected to a second flange (8). The second flange (8) is fixed to the connecting seat (6), and the wire feeder (14) is installed on the second flange (8).

8. The laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head for multi-beam laser processing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first flange (7) has several connection holes (71), the connecting seat (6) has a connection port (61) in the circumferential direction, the connection holes (71) are connected to the connection port (61), the powder feeding hole (22) of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) facing the wire feeding assembly (1) is connected to the connection hole (71), and the mounting seat (5) has a weight reduction groove (53).

9. The laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head for multi-beam laser processing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The wire tube fixing component (12) includes a fixing tube (121), which passes through the first flange (7) and is fixed to each other. The wire guide tube (11) is formed by connecting a cylindrical tube and a frustum conical tube. The wire guide tube (11) extends out of the top of the fixing tube (121), and the wire guide nozzle (13) extends out of the bottom of the fixing tube (121).

10. The laser wire-powder coaxial composite machining head for multi-beam laser processing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the lens module (3) is provided with an optical fiber insertion port (31). The optical fiber plug (4) is connected to the lens module (3) through the optical fiber insertion port (31). The optical fiber insertion port (31) is a universal interface for QBH, QCS and QD. The lens module (3) is provided with a protective gas inlet (32). The protective gas inlet (32) is connected to the second installation channel (52).

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