Feeding and discharging structure and laser machining equipment for diamond composite plane teeth

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of laser processing, and discloses a feeding and discharging structure and laser processing equipment of diamond composite plane teeth, an X-axis sliding table of a lathe bed is provided with an A-axis rotary table and a clamp installed on the A-axis rotary table, the X-axis sliding table is provided with a bracket and a positioning tool placed on the bracket, and the A-axis rotary table and the clamp are arranged on the A-axis rotary table. A plurality of loading positions for mounting workpieces are arranged on the positioning tool, the loading and unloading structure is arranged on a Z-axis saddle of a machine tool, and a B-axis rotating cylinder can be used for driving a gripper to rotate by 90 degrees in a reciprocating manner, so that the gripper can be freely switched between a workpiece loading and unloading station and a workpiece taking and placing station, and the workpieces can be taken and placed without additional manual intervention; through multi-axis linkage and A-axis rotation, the laser machining equipment for the diamond composite plane teeth can perform all-directional precise cutting and engraving on the diamond composite plane teeth, the machining precision and the workpiece quality are remarkably improved, the laser machining equipment also has the automatic feeding and discharging function, the machining efficiency is greatly improved, manual intervention is reduced, and the laser machining equipment is suitable for mass production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to a laser processing equipment for loading and unloading structures and diamond composite planar teeth. Background Technology

[0002] Diamond composite planar teeth are made of two parts: diamond and cemented carbide. They are sintered under specific high temperature and high pressure conditions to form an ultra-hard composite material. They are commonly used in oil and gas geological drill bits and are suitable for drilling in medium to hard formations.

[0003] Due to the high hardness of diamond composite planar teeth, laser processing is increasingly being used for rapid and precise machining. Patent CN115488497A discloses a laser processing device for irregularly shaped teeth. Multiple workpieces are placed in a rectangular array within a positioning fixture, and the laser processes each workpiece individually. However, this method can only process a single end face of the workpiece, making it suitable only for rough machining. It cannot simultaneously perform multi-face machining such as outer diameter, chamfering, and end face processing, thus failing to directly achieve finish machining. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a laser processing device that can automatically load and unload materials and perform finish machining of diamond composite planar teeth. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a laser processing equipment for loading and unloading structure and diamond composite planar teeth, which is to be a laser processing equipment that can automatically load and unload materials and achieve precision machining of diamond composite planar teeth.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] The loading and unloading structure includes a bracket fixed on the Z-axis slide saddle of the machine tool, a B-axis rotary cylinder mounted on the bracket, a mounting base mounted on the output end of the B-axis rotary cylinder, and a gripper mounted on the mounting base. The B-axis rotary cylinder is used to drive the gripper on the mounting base to rotate 90° back and forth, so as to realize the switching of the gripper between the workpiece loading and unloading station and the workpiece picking and placing station.

[0007] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, when the axis of the gripper extends along the Z-axis, the gripper is located at the workpiece pick-up and drop-off station; when the axis of the gripper extends along the A-axis, the gripper is located at the workpiece loading and unloading station.

[0008] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the gripper is a pneumatic chuck.

[0009] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the bracket includes a horizontal frame connected to the Z-axis sliding saddle screw and a vertical frame set at the bottom of the horizontal frame; the mounting base has an L-shaped structure.

[0010] A laser processing device for diamond composite planar teeth includes a bed, a gantry mounted on the bed, an X-axis slide table located within the gantry table and slidably mounted on the bed, and an X-axis drive mechanism for driving the X-axis slide table to move back and forth. A Y-axis saddle is slidably mounted on the gantry table, and a Y-axis drive mechanism is used to drive the Y-axis saddle to move left and right. A Z-axis saddle is slidably mounted on the Y-axis saddle, and a Z-axis drive mechanism is used to drive the Z-axis saddle to move up and down. A laser assembly and the loading / unloading structure are mounted on the Z-axis saddle. An A-axis rotary table and a fixture mounted on the A-axis rotary table are mounted on the X-axis slide table. A bracket and a positioning fixture placed on the bracket are mounted on the X-axis slide table. The positioning fixture has multiple loading positions for mounting workpieces.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the top of the Y-axis slide saddle is provided with a top pull seat, and the Z-axis slide saddle is provided with a balance cylinder. The cylinder body of the balance cylinder is fixed on the Z-axis slide saddle, and the end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the top pull seat.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the X-axis drive mechanism, Y-axis drive mechanism and Z-axis drive mechanism are all linear motors.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the clamp is a three-jaw chuck.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the positioning fixture includes a rectangular fixture base plate and a positioning plate disposed on the fixture base plate, wherein multiple rows of positioning holes are arranged in a rectangular array on the positioning plate.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the tooling base plate is provided with handles on the left and right sides, and the bottom corner of the tooling base plate is provided with truncated cone mounting holes. The bracket is provided with support feet that are the same number as the truncated cone mounting holes and match them one by one.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The loading and unloading structure provided by this utility model utilizes a B-axis rotary cylinder to drive the gripper to rotate 90° reciprocally, allowing the gripper to freely switch between workpiece loading / unloading stations and workpiece pick-up / placement stations. Workpiece pick-up and placement can be completed without additional manual intervention, which is beneficial for the precision machining of diamond composite planar teeth, improving overall machining quality and production efficiency. Furthermore, the vertical movement advantage of the Z-axis slide saddle allows for precise adjustment of the gripper height to adapt to workpiece pick-up / placement requirements of different heights, enhancing the versatility and adaptability of the equipment.

[0017] The laser processing equipment for diamond composite planar teeth provided by this utility model can perform all-round precision cutting and engraving of diamond composite planar teeth through multi-axis linkage and A-axis rotation, which significantly improves processing accuracy and workpiece quality. It also has automated loading and unloading functions, which greatly improves processing efficiency, reduces manual intervention, and is suitable for mass production. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A perspective view of the laser processing equipment for diamond composite planar teeth provided by this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged view of the L-region in the middle is also a schematic diagram of the loading and unloading structure.

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a positioning fixture for loading workpieces and placing it on a bracket.

[0021] Explanation of main component symbols: 1-Loading and unloading structure, 11-Horizontal frame, 12-Vertical frame, 13-Mounting base, 14-Gripper, 15-B-axis rotary cylinder, 21-Bed, 22-Gantry frame, 23-X-axis slide, 24-Y-axis slide saddle, 25-Z-axis slide saddle, 26-A-axis rotary table, 27-Clamp, 28-Bracket, 31-Top pull seat, 32-Balance cylinder, 4-Positioning fixture, 41-Tooling base plate, 42-Positioning plate, 43-Positioning hole, 44-Handle, 45-Support, 5-Workpiece, 6-Laser assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This utility model provides a laser processing device for diamond composite planar teeth. To make the purpose, technical solution, and effects of this utility model clearer and more explicit, the following describes this utility model in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0023] Please see Figure 2 As shown, this utility model provides a loading and unloading structure 1, including a bracket fixed on the Z-axis slide saddle 25 of a machine tool, a B-axis rotary cylinder 15 mounted on the bracket, a mounting base 13 mounted on the output end of the B-axis rotary cylinder 15, and a gripper 14 mounted on the mounting base 13. The B-axis rotary cylinder 15 is used to drive the gripper 14 on the mounting base 13 to reciprocate 90°, so as to realize the switching of the gripper 14 between the workpiece loading and unloading station and the workpiece picking and placing station.

[0024] The loading and unloading structure 1 utilizes the vertical movement advantage of the Z-axis sliding saddle 25 to adjust the height of the gripper 14. It can be understood that when the axis of the gripper 14 extends along the Z-axis, the gripper 14 is located at the workpiece 5 pick-up / placement station; when the axis of the gripper 14 extends along the A-axis, the gripper 14 is located at the workpiece 5 loading / unloading station.

[0025] During loading, the axis of the gripper 14 extends along the Z-axis, facing downwards towards the workpiece 5. Then, the gripper 14 descends to automatically grab the workpiece 5. Subsequently, the gripper 14 rises to a set height and the B-axis rotary cylinder 15 drives the gripper 14 to quickly rotate 90°, so that the axis of the gripper 14 extends along the A-axis, facing towards the fixture 27, waiting for the fixture 27 to take away the workpiece 5.

[0026] Conversely, during unloading, the axis of the gripper 14 extends along the A-axis and faces the fixture 27. The workpiece 5 that has been processed is transferred from the fixture 27 to the gripper 14. Then, the B-axis rotary cylinder 15 drives the gripper 14 to rotate 90° quickly, so that the gripper 14 faces downward and the gripper 14 lowers to put down the workpiece 5.

[0027] The loading and unloading structure 1 provided by this utility model utilizes a B-axis rotary cylinder 15 to drive the gripper 14 to reciprocate 90°, allowing the gripper 14 to freely switch between the workpiece loading / unloading station and the workpiece 5 pick-up / placement station. This eliminates the need for additional manual intervention, facilitating the precision machining of diamond composite planar teeth and improving overall machining quality and production efficiency. Furthermore, the vertical movement advantage of the Z-axis sliding saddle 25 allows for precise adjustment of the gripper 14's height, adapting to the pick-up / placement needs of workpieces 5 at different heights, thus enhancing the equipment's versatility and adaptability.

[0028] Understandably, compared to complex rotating mechanisms such as servo motors, gear transmission systems, or cam mechanisms, the B-axis rotary cylinder 15 has a more compact structure, occupies less space, and is lighter, reducing design complexity and costs. Furthermore, the rotation angle and speed of the B-axis rotary cylinder 15 can be adjusted via air pressure, enabling rapid changes in position or direction, making it suitable for applications requiring quick reversals or frequent start-stop cycles.

[0029] In this embodiment, the gripper 14 is a pneumatic chuck (such as a pneumatic three-jaw chuck), ensuring that the workpiece 5 remains stable and does not fall off during handling, and maintaining a good gripping effect on the diamond composite planar teeth facing the cylindrical surface. Compared with the traditional mechanical gripper 14, the pneumatic chuck can better control the force when clamping the workpiece 5, avoiding deformation or damage to the workpiece 5 due to excessive clamping force, and is especially suitable for processing the diamond composite planar teeth of diamond drill bits with high hardness and easy wear.

[0030] Specifically, the bracket includes a horizontal frame 11 connected to the Z-axis slide saddle 25 by screws, and a vertical frame 12 set at the bottom of the horizontal frame 11. Through the combined design of the horizontal frame 11 and the vertical frame 12, a stable support frame is formed, which can effectively distribute and bear the weight of the gripper 14 and the workpiece 5, ensuring that the stability of the entire loading and unloading structure 1 is not affected when moving at high speed and changing load. The mounting base 13 has an L-shaped structure. This design can ensure that the movement trajectory of the gripper 14 is more precise and controllable during rotation, especially when docking with the workpiece 5 pick-up and unloading station, it can achieve smoother and more accurate action conversion, reducing the shaking and deviation of the workpiece 5 during the handling process.

[0031] See Figures 1-3 As shown, this utility model also provides a laser processing equipment for diamond composite planar teeth, including a bed 21, a gantry 22 mounted on the bed 21, an X-axis slide 23 located within the gantry 22 and slidably mounted on the bed 21, and an X-axis drive mechanism for driving the X-axis slide 23 to move back and forth. A Y-axis slide 24 is slidably mounted on the gantry 22, and a Y-axis drive mechanism is used to drive the Y-axis slide 24 to move left and right. A Z-axis slide 25 is slidably mounted on the Y-axis slide 24, and a Z-axis drive mechanism is used to drive the Z-axis slide 25 to move up and down. A laser assembly 6 and a loading / unloading structure 1 of any of the above embodiments are provided on the Z-axis slide 25. An A-axis rotary table 26 and a clamp 27 mounted on the A-axis rotary table 26 are provided on the X-axis slide 23. A bracket 28 and a positioning fixture 4 placed on the bracket 28 are provided on the X-axis slide 23. A plurality of loading positions for mounting workpieces 5 are provided on the positioning fixture 4.

[0032] During operation, the gripper 14 of the loading / unloading structure 1 automatically picks up the diamond composite planar tooth to be processed from the loading position on the positioning fixture 4 and transfers it to the clamp 27. With the precise movement of the X-axis slide 23, Y-axis slide 24, and Z-axis slide 25, the A-axis rotary table 26 drives the clamp 27 to rotate. That is, the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, and A-axis of the machine tool work together in a multi-axis coordinated manner. Different parts of the diamond composite planar tooth can be processed by the laser assembly 6, thereby achieving precision machining of multiple surfaces such as the outer circle, chamfer, and end face. After processing is completed, the gripper 14 of the loading / unloading structure 1 intervenes again to remove the processed diamond composite planar tooth from the clamp 27 and place it back into the idle loading position on the positioning fixture 4, ready for the processing of the next workpiece 5.

[0033] The laser processing equipment for diamond composite planar teeth provided by this utility model can perform all-round precision cutting and engraving of diamond composite planar teeth through multi-axis linkage and A-axis rotation, which significantly improves the processing accuracy and workpiece quality. It also has automated loading and unloading functions, which greatly improves processing efficiency, reduces manual intervention, and is suitable for mass production.

[0034] In this embodiment, linear motors, which can achieve direct drive, have advantages such as lightweight structure, high transmission efficiency, safety and reliability, and long service life. The stator of the linear motor is fixed, and the mover of the linear motor drives the corresponding components to move. The X-axis drive mechanism, Y-axis drive mechanism, and Z-axis drive mechanism are all linear motors. The gantry frame 22 is provided with a Y-axis guide rail, and the Y-axis slide saddle 24 is slidably connected to the Y-axis guide rail through a Y-axis slider. The bed 21 is provided with an X-axis guide rail, and the X-axis slide table 23 is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail through an X-axis slider. The Y-axis slide saddle 24 is provided with a Z-axis guide rail, and the Z-axis slide saddle 25 is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail through a Z-axis slider. The Y-axis slide saddle 24, X-axis slide table 23, and Z-axis slide saddle 25 move smoothly and stably.

[0035] Specifically, the top of the Y-axis slide saddle 24 is provided with a top pull seat 31, and the Z-axis slide saddle 25 is provided with a balance cylinder 32. The cylinder body of the balance cylinder 32 is fixed on the Z-axis slide saddle 25, and the piston rod end is fixedly connected to the top pull seat 31. By setting the balance cylinder 32 on the Z-axis slide saddle 25 and connecting it to the top pull seat 31 of the Y-axis slide saddle 24, the balance cylinder 32 can provide a corresponding reverse force when the Z-axis slide saddle 25 moves up and down, thereby reducing the load on the linear motor that drives the Z-axis slide saddle 25 to move up and down, reducing the power requirement of the linear motor, and improving the service life of the linear motor.

[0036] In this embodiment, the clamp 27 is a three-jaw chuck. The three-jaw chuck applies clamping force to the workpiece 5 through three evenly distributed jaws, providing a more uniform clamping force distribution and ensuring the workpiece 5 remains stable during processing, reducing processing errors caused by workpiece 5 movement. The three-jaw chuck has an automatic centering function, meaning it can automatically adjust the center of the workpiece 5 to be aligned with the chuck's rotation axis. This feature is particularly important for machining diamond composite plane teeth that require high-precision positioning, helping to improve machining accuracy and consistency. Furthermore, the jaw spacing of the three-jaw chuck is adjustable, accommodating workpieces 5 of different diameters, allowing the same machine to process diamond composite plane teeth of various sizes, enhancing the machine's versatility and flexibility.

[0037] For details, see Figure 3 As shown, the positioning fixture 4 includes a rectangular fixture base plate 41 and a positioning plate 42 disposed on the fixture base plate 41. Multiple rows of positioning holes 43 are arranged in a rectangular array on the positioning plate 42. By providing multiple rows of positioning holes 43 arranged in a rectangular array on the positioning fixture 4, each positioning hole 43 serves as a loading position, allowing multiple workpieces 5 to be loaded at once, greatly improving the loading efficiency of the workpieces 5. Each positioning hole 43 can serve as an independent workpiece 5 positioning unit. Through precise hole design, it is ensured that each workpiece 5 can be accurately aligned during clamping, thereby improving the positioning accuracy during processing and guaranteeing processing quality.

[0038] Preferably, the tooling base plate 41 is provided with handles 44 on both the left and right sides, making it easier for the operator to grip and move the positioning tooling 4, enabling the loading and unloading of batch workpieces 5. The bottom corners of the tooling base plate 41 are provided with truncated cone mounting holes, and the bracket 28 is provided with the same number of support feet 45 that mate with each of the truncated cone mounting holes. The truncated cone mounting holes at the bottom corners of the tooling base plate 41 and the support feet 45 on the bracket 28 cooperate to form a rapid positioning and fixing mechanism. This design ensures that the tooling is accurately aligned each time it is placed on the bracket 28, improving the positioning accuracy of the tooling, which is crucial for ensuring the stability and consistency of the processing.

[0039] Further improvements include a probe and a scanning and recognition module at the bottom of the crossbeam 11. The laser assembly 6 is a galvanometer module. After the laser generator produces laser light, the laser light is transmitted to the galvanometer module through the laser transmission assembly and then emitted vertically downwards. The probe enables the equipment to more accurately position the workpiece 5, especially when the workpiece 5 has a complex shape or the positioning hole 43 is difficult to identify. The probe can directly contact the surface of the workpiece 5 and provide feedback on its actual position, ensuring more accurate positioning before laser processing and thus improving processing precision. The scanning and recognition module is used to scan and identify the shape and position of the workpiece 5 on the positioning fixture 4.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0041] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows for communication; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] It is understood that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of this utility model, and all such substitutions or changes should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A loading and unloading structure, characterized in that, It includes a bracket fixed on the Z-axis slide saddle of the machine tool, a B-axis rotary cylinder mounted on the bracket, a mounting base mounted on the output end of the B-axis rotary cylinder, and a gripper mounted on the mounting base. The B-axis rotary cylinder is used to drive the gripper on the mounting base to reciprocate 90°, so as to realize the switching of the gripper between the workpiece loading and unloading station and the workpiece picking and placing station.

2. The loading and unloading structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the axis of the gripper extends along the Z-axis, the gripper is located at the workpiece pick-and-place station; when the axis of the gripper extends along the A-axis, the gripper is located at the workpiece loading and unloading station.

3. The loading and unloading structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gripper is a pneumatic chuck.

4. The loading and unloading structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bracket includes a horizontal frame connected to the Z-axis sliding saddle screw and a vertical frame set at the bottom of the horizontal frame; the mounting base has an L-shaped structure.

5. A laser processing equipment for diamond composite planar teeth, characterized in that, The device includes a bed, a gantry mounted on the bed, an X-axis slide table located within the gantry table and slidably mounted on the bed, and an X-axis drive mechanism for driving the X-axis slide table to move back and forth. A Y-axis saddle is slidably mounted on the gantry table, and a Y-axis drive mechanism is used to drive the Y-axis saddle to move left and right. A Z-axis saddle is slidably mounted on the Y-axis saddle, and a Z-axis drive mechanism is used to drive the Z-axis saddle to move up and down. A laser assembly and a loading / unloading structure as described in any one of claims 1-4 are provided on the Z-axis saddle. An A-axis rotary table and a fixture mounted on the A-axis rotary table are provided on the X-axis slide table. A bracket and a positioning fixture placed on the bracket are provided on the X-axis slide table. The positioning fixture has multiple loading positions for mounting workpieces.

6. The laser processing equipment for diamond composite planar teeth according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top of the Y-axis slide saddle is provided with a top pull seat, and the Z-axis slide saddle is provided with a balance cylinder. The cylinder body of the balance cylinder is fixed on the Z-axis slide saddle, and the end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the top pull seat.

7. The laser processing equipment for diamond composite planar teeth according to claim 5, characterized in that, The X-axis drive mechanism, Y-axis drive mechanism, and Z-axis drive mechanism are all linear motors.

8. The laser processing equipment for diamond composite planar teeth according to claim 5, characterized in that, The clamp is a three-jaw chuck.

9. The laser processing equipment for diamond composite planar teeth according to claim 5, characterized in that, The positioning fixture includes a rectangular fixture base plate and a positioning plate disposed on the fixture base plate, wherein multiple rows of positioning holes are arranged in a rectangular array on the positioning plate.

10. The laser processing equipment for diamond composite planar teeth according to claim 9, characterized in that, The tooling base plate is provided with handles on the left and right sides, and the bottom corner of the tooling base plate is provided with truncated cone mounting holes. The bracket is provided with support feet that are the same number as the truncated cone mounting holes and match them one by one.

Images