Elastic pressing type nut applied to photovoltaic device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of nuts, in particular to an elastic pressing type nut applied to a photovoltaic device, which comprises a fixing screw and a fixing nut which are matched with each other, and an elastic pressing limiting structure matched with the fixing nut, the elastic pressing limiting mechanism comprises a sleeve, a sliding groove, a spring and a limiting block, the sliding groove is an annular groove with the end face in a regular polygon shape, the limiting block is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, the spring is arranged in the sliding groove and connected with the limiting block, and a plurality of second ratchets are evenly arranged on the end face of the end, extending out of the sliding groove, of the limiting block in a surrounding mode. By means of the nut fastening and limiting device, fastening and limiting of the nut can be achieved, and looseness caused by long-time use can be avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to nut technical field, and the specific field is a spring type nut applied to photovoltaic device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Bolts and nuts are often used for the fixation of two or more than two joints, and fasteners are often indispensable in connection assembly. Fasteners bring convenience to the mechanical industry, but it has an unavoidable weakness, that is, it will loosen itself in the environment of frequent vibration and alternating load, causing the failure or disintegration of components or a complete device, and even causing safety accidents. At present, there are research and development of nut structures for preventing loosening based on the above problems; but for the high temperature and severe cold requirements in the application environment of photovoltaic devices, the existing anti-loosening nuts are greatly affected by the environment, and there is still a loosening condition, but the cost of the nut made of special material is relatively high and not suitable for the demand of reducing cost in the development of solar photovoltaic. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a spring type nut applied to photovoltaic device.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme: a spring type nut applied to photovoltaic device, which comprises a fixed screw and a fixed nut matched with each other, and a spring pressing limiting structure matched with the fixed nut, the end face of the fixed nut away from the screw is uniformly provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth one, the spring pressing limiting structure comprises a sleeve, a sliding groove, a spring and a limiting block, the sliding groove is a ring groove with a regular polygonal end face, the sliding groove is arranged on the end face of the sleeve matched with the fixed nut, and the center axis of the sliding groove and the sleeve is coincident, the limiting block is a regular polygonal ring block with the same end face as the sliding groove, and the limiting block is slidingly arranged in the sliding groove, the spring is arranged in the sliding groove and connected with the limiting block, the end face of the limiting block extending out of the sliding groove is uniformly provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth two, and the ratchet teeth one and the ratchet teeth two are matched with each other, the end of the fixed screw away from the screw head is provided with a sliding rod with a square end face design, the center of the sleeve is provided with a square center hole matched with the end of the screw, and the end of the fixed screw is provided with a limiting mechanism matched with the sleeve.

[0005] In some embodiments, the limiting mechanism comprises a limiting hole and a limiting rod, the limiting hole is arranged on the end of the fixed screw away from the screw head, and the limiting rod is arranged in the limiting hole.

[0006] In some embodiments, the length of the sliding rod of the end of the fixed screw away from the screw head is matched with the height of the sleeve.

[0007] In some embodiments, the length of the threaded end of the fixed screw is a preset length.

[0008] In some embodiments, the spring is a high-elasticity metal spring.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that: through the cooperation of the elastic limiting structure and the ratchet, self-locking and anti-loosening are realized, simple mechanical structures are adopted to adapt to temperature changes, the anti-loosening performance is improved, the structures are simple, the cost is low, and the structures are suitable for high and low temperature environments.

[0010] The details of one or more embodiments of the present application are presented in the following drawings and description, so that other features, objects and advantages of the present application are more apparent, and the present application is more fully described and understood through the embodiments of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of the utility model;

[0012] Figure 2 It is a screw and nut cooperation schematic view of the utility model;

[0013] Figure 3 It is an elastic limiting structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0014] Figure 4 It is an elastic limiting structure end face view of the utility model;

[0015] Figure 5 It is an elastic limiting structure sectional view of the utility model.

[0016] In the figure: 1, fixed screw; 2, fixed nut; 3, ratchet one; 4, sleeve; 5, sliding groove; 6, spring; 7, limiting block; 8, ratchet two; 9, sliding rod; 10, limiting hole; 11, limiting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0018] In the prior art, the anti-loosening function of bolts and nuts is easily affected by temperature changes in high-temperature and cold environments, leading to the risk of loosening of the joint. Although anti-loosening nuts made of special materials can improve some problems, they have the limitations of high manufacturing cost and difficulty in popular application. In the installation scene of photovoltaic devices, the support structure is subjected to wind vibration load and diurnal temperature difference alternation for a long time, and conventional fasteners are prone to stress relaxation, leading to connection failure and even causing component shedding accidents.

[0019] To solve the above problems, the inventors carried out research on the vibration load and environmental temperature changes specific to photovoltaic devices. Through analysis, it was found that the traditional anti-loosening structure relies on the deformation ability of the material itself and is difficult to maintain a constant pre-tightening force under the effects of thermal expansion and cold contraction. After repeated experimental verification, it was found that the combination of a mechanical self-locking structure and an elastic element can achieve dynamic compensation without relying on material performance. Based on this, it is proposed to set a ratchet on the end face of the nut and cooperate with an elastic limiting mechanism, and to offset the displacement caused by vibration through a multi-stage locking mechanism.

[0020] Therefore, the present application proposes a spring-pressed nut applied to a photovoltaic device, as shown in Figures 1-5 which comprises a combination scheme of a fixed screw rod 1, a fixed nut 2, and a spring-pressed limiting structure. The end face of the fixed nut 2 is provided with annularly distributed ratchet teeth 3, and the spring-pressed limiting structure comprises a sleeve 4, a sliding groove 5, a spring 6, and a limiting block 7. The end of the sleeve 4 is provided with a regular polygon sliding groove 5, the limiting block 7 is embedded in the sliding groove 5 in the same shape and connected with the spring 6, and the outer end face of the limiting block 7 is provided with ratchet teeth 8 engaged with the ratchet teeth 3. The end of the fixed screw rod 1 is designed as a square sliding rod 9, which cooperates with the square hole in the center of the sleeve 4 to form an axial sliding limiting structure.

[0021] Among them, the regular polygon sliding groove 5 refers to an annular groove with an equal-sided geometric shape in cross section, which can be implemented in a hexagonal or octagonal structure, and is used to constrain the rotational freedom of the limiting block 7. The ratchet teeth 3 and the ratchet teeth 8 are mutually engaged, which means that the two sets of teeth form an interlocking engagement in the compressed state, which can be implemented in a one-way bevel tooth or a symmetrical trapezoidal tooth, and is used to prevent the nut from rotating in the opposite direction. The square sliding rod 9 cooperates with the central hole of the sleeve 4, which means that the cross section of the rod is in surface contact with the hole, which can be implemented in a tolerance fitting mode, and is used to maintain axial alignment when transmitting torque.

[0022] Specifically, when the fixed screw rod 1 is screwed into the fixed nut 2, the sleeve 4 rotates with the screw rod to push the limiting block 7 to move axially. The spring 6 is compressed to generate a reverse force, so that the ratchet teeth 8 and the ratchet teeth 3 remain in engagement. In a vibrating environment, any rotational tendency that causes the nut to loosen will be blocked by the ratchet engagement surface. When disassembly is required, the spring 6 is compressed by applying axial pressure, and the ratchet teeth are separated to rotate freely. The cooperation design of the square sliding rod 9 and the sleeve 4 ensures that there is no relative rotation during torque transmission, maintaining the stable working state of the limiting mechanism.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the existing lock nut is mostly deformed by single thread or chemically glued, and cannot adapt to material deformation caused by temperature change. The scheme realizes constant locking force in a wide temperature range through the dual action of mechanical engagement and elastic compression, and does not need to rely on the performance of specific materials. Compared with the overall anti-loose structure, the modular elastic compression limiting structure is convenient to maintain and replace, and significantly reduces the use cost.

[0024] Through the above technical scheme, the application effectively solves the problem that the fastener of the photovoltaic device is easy to loosen in a harsh environment. The ratchet engagement mechanism provides reliable mechanical locking, the spring 6 compensates for the gap caused by temperature change, and the square matching structure ensures stable torque transmission. The scheme realizes the balance between anti-loose performance and cost control without using expensive materials, and is especially suitable for photovoltaic support installation scenes with large day and night temperature difference and frequent vibration.

[0025] The application further proposes that the limiting mechanism comprises a limiting hole 10 and a limiting rod 11, the limiting hole 10 is arranged on the screw rod end of the fixed screw rod 1 away from the screw head, and the limiting rod 11 is arranged in the limiting hole 10.

[0026] The limiting hole 10 refers to a hole-shaped space penetrating or partially embedded in the end structure of the fixed screw rod 1, which can be realized by a through hole or a blind hole formed by machining, and the diameter size can be designed according to the assembly requirement of the limiting rod 11. The structure is used to provide a fixed fulcrum for the limiting rod 11 to prevent the sleeve 4 from being axially offset in a vibrating environment. The limiting rod 11 refers to a rigid connecting component inserted into the limiting hole 10, which can be realized by a metal cylindrical pin or a threaded rod, and the length can be slightly larger than the depth of the limiting hole 10. The component forms mechanical locking through cooperation with the limiting hole 10 to limit the relative displacement between the sleeve 4 and the fixed screw rod 1.

[0027] Specifically, when the sleeve 4 is sleeved on the square end of the fixed screw rod 1 through the center hole, the limiting rod 11 is pressed into the limiting hole 10 to form a physical barrier. When the sleeve 4 tends to displace due to vibration or temperature change, the limiting rod 11 contacts the inner wall of the limiting hole 10 to generate a reverse restraining force, preventing the sleeve 4 from being separated from the fixed screw rod 1. This process replaces the traditional thread locking or elastic material deformation through mechanical limiting, avoiding the problems of failure of elastic elements caused by high temperature or brittleness of materials caused by low temperature.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the traditional anti-loose structure usually relies on auxiliary materials such as thread glue or elastic washers to achieve locking, and the glue body is prone to aging or the elastic washer is prone to elastic attenuation at extreme temperatures. The present scheme directly blocks the displacement path through a rigid limiting structure, without relying on material properties, so that the anti-loose performance is not affected by the environmental temperature. At the same time, the processing cost of the limiting hole 10 and the limiting rod 11 is significantly lower than that of special alloy materials, which meets the cost reduction demand of photovoltaic devices.

[0029] Through the above technical scheme, the sleeve 4 and the fixed screw rod 1 can be stably matched in the scene of frequent vibration and temperature difference change, and the meshing state of the first ratchet 3 and the second ratchet 8 is ensured not to be damaged. The limiting mechanism does not need to rely on complex structure or high-cost materials, and effectively reduces the maintenance frequency in the long-term outdoor use of the photovoltaic support.

[0030] The present application further proposes that the length of the slide rod 9 at the end of the fixed screw rod 1 away from the screw head is matched with the height of the sleeve 4.

[0031] The length of the slide rod 9 refers to the distance from the starting point to the ending point of the square slide rod 9 part at the end of the screw rod, which can be realized by adopting a value equal to the height of the sleeve 4, for example, the length of the slide rod 9 can be designed as 20mm. The height of the sleeve 4 refers to the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the sleeve 4, which can be realized by adopting a value consistent with the length of the slide rod 9, for example, the height of the sleeve 4 is also designed as 20mm. By matching the length of the slide rod 9 with the height of the sleeve 4, it can be ensured that the slide rod 9 is completely inserted into the sleeve 4 to form a stable fit, avoiding the problems of limiting failure or assembly difficulty caused by length deviation.

[0032] Specifically, the technical scheme of matching the length of the slide rod 9 with the height of the sleeve 4 precisely matches the size relationship between the two, so that the sleeve 4 can completely accommodate the inserted part of the slide rod 9. When the slide rod 9 is completely inserted into the square center hole of the sleeve 4, the end of the slide rod 9 contacts the bottom of the sleeve 4, at which time the first ratchet 3 and the second ratchet 8 in the limiting structure are engaged under the action of the spring 6. This design can prevent assembly interference caused by insufficient internal space of the sleeve 4 due to the slide rod 9 being too long, or the problem that the limiting block 7 cannot be fully engaged due to the slide rod 9 being too short.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the length relationship between the slide rod 9 and the sleeve 4 is not clearly defined in the traditional anti-loose nut structure, which may cause a fitting gap due to material expansion or contraction when the temperature changes, thereby affecting the anti-loose effect. The present scheme precisely matches the length of the slide rod 9 with the height of the sleeve 4, so that they can still maintain close fit in high-temperature or low-temperature environments, avoiding structural looseness caused by thermal expansion and contraction.

[0034] By the technical solution, the application solves the nut loosening problem caused by environmental temperature change in the photovoltaic device, the size of the slide rod 9 and the sleeve 4 is matched to ensure the reliable engagement of the limiting structure and simplify the installation process, without additional adjustment, stable assembly can be achieved, and the risk of part loss caused by size deviation is reduced.

[0035] The application further proposes that the length of the threaded end of the fixing screw rod 1 is a preset length.

[0036] The preset length refers to the length of the threaded section preset according to actual installation requirements, which can be determined by measuring the thickness of the component to be fixed in the photovoltaic device and combining the size of the fixing nut 2 to meet the adaptation requirements in different installation scenarios. The length of the threaded end refers to the axial extension size of the threaded part of the fixing screw rod 1, which can be realized by adjusting the cutting parameters or mold forming process during screw rod processing to ensure that the threaded section can accurately match the depth of the installation site.

[0037] Specifically, in different application environments of the photovoltaic device, the thickness of the installation component may vary. By presetting the length of the threaded end of the fixing screw rod 1, for example, setting the length of the threaded section to a size that matches the thickness of the specific installation site, the threaded section can reach the appropriate fitting depth when screwed into the fixing nut 2. In high temperature or cold conditions, the adaptability of the threaded section length can reduce stress concentration caused by thermal expansion and contraction, and avoid loosening problems caused by too long or too short threads. In the manufacturing process, the length of the threaded end can be standardized according to different specifications of photovoltaic modules, for example, a shorter threaded section is used for thin modules, and a longer threaded section is used for thick modules.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the length of the screw thread of the traditional locking nut is usually designed fixedly, which is difficult to adapt to the needs of different installation thicknesses, resulting in insufficient thread fit or material redundancy in some scenarios. By presetting the length of the threaded end, the size requirements of the installation structure can be accurately matched to avoid loosening or cost waste caused by mismatched thread length.

[0039] Through the above technical solution, the application can realize accurate adaptation of the length of the threaded end to the installation site of the photovoltaic device, thereby maintaining stable locking effect in high temperature or low temperature environment, while reducing material loss through standardized length design, meeting the demand of cost control in photovoltaic industry.

[0040] The application further proposes that the spring 6 is a high-elasticity metal spring 6.

[0041] The high-elastic-force metal spring 6 refers to an energy storage element made of a metal material with a higher elastic modulus than conventional materials, and can be specifically implemented by a stainless steel wire or a carbon alloy steel wire processed by a cold coiling forming process, and provides a continuous compression force for the limiting block 7 through the elastic deformation capacity of the material itself. The determination standard of the high-elastic force is that the spring 6 can restore the original length without plastic deformation under the limit compression state, and can be specifically implemented by controlling the yield strength of the metal material and the heat treatment process parameters.

[0042] Specifically, when the elastic-limiting structure bears the high-frequency vibration load in the operating environment of the photovoltaic device, the elastic force of the metal spring 6 can overcome the friction torque attenuation trend of the ratchet engagement surface, and force the ratchet two 8 of the limiting block 7 to remain in the engaged state with the ratchet one 3 of the fixed nut 2. Under the condition of temperature fluctuation, the linear expansion coefficient of the metal spring 6 matches the material of the sleeve 4, avoiding the loss of pre-tightening force caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction. Through the elastic force in the axial direction of the spring 6, the pressure automatic compensation of the ratchet contact surface is realized, the spring 6 forms a continuous compression force between the sleeve 4 and the limiting block 7, so that the ratchet two 8 and the ratchet one 3 remain in the engaged state, thereby maintaining the anti-loose effect in the vibration environment.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the non-metallic elastic body used in the conventional anti-loose nut is prone to creep failure in a high-temperature environment, and brittle fracture in a low-temperature condition. The spring made of metal material in the present scheme has a change rate of elastic modulus lower than 5% in the temperature range of-40℃ to 120℃, which can maintain stable elastic force output in the full operating condition range of the photovoltaic device.

[0044] Through the above technical scheme, the present application solves the loosening failure problem caused by the performance degradation of the elastic element of the existing anti-loose structure under extreme temperature conditions, so that the ratchet engagement surface compression force is not affected by the environmental temperature, and the use of expensive special alloy materials is avoided, thereby meeting the control demand of the photovoltaic industry on the cost of parts under the premise of ensuring the anti-loose performance.

[0045] The above embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of the patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application patent should be subject to the appended claims.

[0046] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A spring-loaded nut for use in photovoltaic devices, characterized in that: The device includes a fixed screw and a fixed nut that cooperate with each other, and a spring-loaded limiting structure that cooperates with the fixed nut. The fixed nut has multiple ratchet teeth evenly arranged around its end face furthest from the screw. The spring-loaded limiting structure includes a sleeve, a groove, a spring, and a limiting block. The groove is an annular groove with a regular polygonal end face, located on the end face of the sleeve that cooperates with the fixed nut, and the groove coincides with the central axis of the sleeve. The limiting block is an annular block with the same regular polygonal end face as the groove, and it slides within the groove. The spring is located within the groove and connected to the limiting block. The end face of the limiting block extending out of the groove has multiple ratchet teeth evenly arranged around its end face, with ratchet teeth cooperating with each other. The fixed screw has a sliding rod with a square end face design at its end furthest from the screw head. The sleeve has a square central hole that cooperates with the end of the screw. The fixed screw has a limiting mechanism that cooperates with the sleeve at its end.

2. The spring-loaded nut for use in photovoltaic devices according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism includes a limiting hole and a limiting rod. The limiting hole is located on the end of the screw rod away from the screw head, and the limiting rod is located inside the limiting hole.

3. The spring-loaded nut for use in photovoltaic devices according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of the sliding rod at the end of the fixed screw furthest from the screw head is adapted to the height of the sleeve.

4. A spring-loaded nut for use in photovoltaic devices according to claim 3, characterized in that: The threaded end length of the fixing screw is a preset length.

5. A spring-loaded nut for use in photovoltaic devices according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring is a high-elasticity metal spring.

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