Rapid side slope gradient measuring tool

Abstract

The utility model provides a rapid side slope gradient measuring tool which comprises a horizontal ruler, a gradienter is embedded in the top of the horizontal ruler, a protractor is fixedly installed at the end of the horizontal ruler, a measuring ruler is rotatably installed at the center of the protractor through a rotating shaft, and a laser range finder is fixed on the outer wall of the tail end of the measuring ruler. A laser beam ray emitted by the laser range finder is always parallel to the measuring scale datum line of the measuring scale, and the reverse extension line of the laser beam ray is orthogonal to the center line of the rotating shaft. The slope gradient can be accurately calculated by measuring the linear distance from the slope top and the slope bottom to the measuring point and the clamping foot from the connecting line of the measuring point and the slope top to the horizontal plane of the measuring point and using a set formula to perform simple calculation by using the measured parameters.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of side slope measurement, specifically relates to a side slope gradient rapid determination tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in the project construction such as highway engineering, house building engineering and mining engineering exploitation, the excavation of both sides of highway, the excavation of house building foundation pit and the excavation of material field all will adopt certain gradient for side slope excavation, and the side slope gradient is an important technical index. The size of side slope gradient directly influences the safety and stability of side slope, and if the side slope gradient is too large, the safety and stability coefficient of side slope reduces, and landslide and collapse are easy to produce, which will cause enterprise safety accident and economic loss. If the actual value of side slope gradient is too different from the design value, safety and quality risks are easy to appear. When measuring the side slope gradient, it is difficult to estimate by naked eye, therefore, the measurement personnel need to stand on the slope and the slope bottom respectively to measure through the instrument. The measurement personnel need to go up and down the slope constantly when measuring, not only the labor intensity is large, but also a large amount of time is consumed, and the work efficiency is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, when the measurement personnel collect the angle at the slope bottom, the floatstone is easy to slide from the slope surface and injure the measurement personnel, and when going up and down the slope, the measurement personnel is also easy to slip and fall, and there are safety hidden dangers. Therefore, it is very necessary to change the existing side slope measurement mode. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0003] The utility model aims at providing a kind of side slope gradient rapid determination tool, the straight line distance of measuring point to the top of side slope and the bottom of side slope is measured, and the prongs of the horizontal plane of the connecting line of measuring point and slope top, using the measured parameter to apply established formula to calculate, the side slope gradient can be accurately calculated. Thus, the work efficiency is improved in monitoring side slope standardization and monitoring side slope stability, and the side slope gradient determination can be well applied to highway side slope, house building foundation pit, mining material field excavation and the like.

[0004] In order to realize the above technical features, the utility model aims at realizing as follows: a kind of side slope gradient rapid determination tool, including level, the top of level is embedded and installed with level meter, the end of level is fixedly installed with protractor, the center of protractor is rotatably installed with measuring scale by pivot, the outer wall of the end of measuring scale is fixed with laser range finder, the laser beam of laser range finder emission keeps parallel with the measuring scale datum line of measuring scale, and the reverse extension line of laser beam is orthogonal with pivot center line.

[0005] When measuring, the observation surface keeps parallel with the level datum surface of level.

[0006] The outer edge of protractor is provided with protractor scale line.

[0007] The angle measuring window is provided with an angle measuring reticle on the side thereof, and the angle measuring reticle is accurately positioned at the position where the angle measuring window is perpendicular to the measuring ruler reference line of the measuring ruler.

[0008] The horizontal ruler and the measuring ruler are long strip-shaped rigid plates.

[0009] The horizontal ruler has a length of 0.4-0.6 m, the measuring ruler has a length of 0.3-0.5 m, and the scale range of the protractor is 0-90°.

[0010] The utility model has the advantages of the following:

[0011] 1. The utility model provides a kind of slope gradient rapid determination tool.This tool is placed in the position of the bottom of slope below, this position can ensure the convenience, safety of survey personnel, can ensure that this tool horizontal ruler is placed horizontally, can ensure that by rotating measuring ruler with laser range finder is irradiated to slope top boundary, can ensure that measuring ruler is rotated to horizontal direction when angle measuring window reading is 0 ° When, laser range finder can be irradiated to slope bottom edge.By level to determine that horizontal ruler is horizontal, open laser range finder and rotate measuring ruler to make laser irradiation to slope top boundary, when, by laser range finder to read slope top ranging, by angle measuring window to read slope top angle.Continues to rotate measuring ruler to make the reading of angle measuring window 0 °, make laser irradiation to slope bottom edge, when, by laser range finder to read slope bottom ranging.The slope top ranging, slope top angle, slope bottom ranging measured are substituted into established formula to calculate slope gradient.

[0012] 2. The utility model is simple, fast, accurate, low in cost and good in effect, and has simple structure, convenient operation and accurate and reliable measurement, can quickly measure and detect slope gradient, is used for quickly guiding construction, improves work efficiency, eliminates security risk, realizes according to design angle boundary, improves slope safety stability, and can be widely used in slope construction and detection related work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] The utility model will be further described in connection with the drawings and embodiments.

[0014] Figure 1 It is front view of the utility model.

[0015] Figure 2 It is local view of the utility model.

[0016] Figure 3 It is plan view of the utility model.

[0017] Figure 4 It is use view of the utility model.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Level ruler; 2. Level instrument; 3. Protractor; 4. Rotating shaft; 5. Angle measuring window; 6. Laser rangefinder; 7. Measuring ruler; 8. Level ruler reference surface; 9. Angle reading; 10. Distance measuring origin; 11. Angle measuring crosshair; 12. Point A; 13. Measuring ruler reference line; 14. Protractor scale line; 15. Rotating shaft center line. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] like Figures 1-4 As shown, a tool for rapidly determining slope gradient includes a level 1, a level instrument 2 embedded in the top of the level 1, a protractor 3 fixedly mounted at the end of the level 1, and a measuring ruler 7 rotatably mounted at the center of the protractor 3 via a rotating shaft 4. A laser rangefinder 6 is fixed to the outer wall of the end of the measuring ruler 7. The laser beam emitted by the laser rangefinder 6 remains parallel to the baseline 13 of the measuring ruler 7, and the backward extension of the laser beam is orthogonal to the center line 15 of the rotating shaft. By using this tool, the slope gradient can be accurately calculated by measuring the straight-line distance from the top and bottom of the slope to the measurement point, as well as the angle between the line connecting the measurement point and the top of the slope and the horizontal plane of the measurement point, and then applying a predetermined formula to the measured parameters. This improves work efficiency in monitoring slope compliance and stability. During the measurement process, this tool is placed at the bottom of the slope. This position ensures the convenience and safety of the surveyor, guarantees the level of the tool, allows the laser rangefinder to illuminate the top of the slope by rotating the measuring ruler, and ensures that when the measuring ruler is rotated to a horizontal position (i.e., the angle measurement window reading is 0°), the laser rangefinder can illuminate the bottom edge of the slope. After confirming the level of the measuring ruler with a level instrument, the laser rangefinder is turned on and the measuring ruler is rotated to illuminate the top of the slope. At this point, the distance to the top of the slope is read using the laser rangefinder, and the angle to the top of the slope is read using the angle measurement window. The measuring ruler is then rotated until the angle measurement window reading is 0°, allowing the laser to illuminate the bottom edge of the slope. At this point, the distance to the bottom of the slope is read using the laser rangefinder.

[0021] Furthermore, during measurement, the observation surface is kept parallel to the horizontal reference plane 8 of the level 1. By adopting the above-mentioned positional arrangement, the accuracy and precision of subsequent measurements are ensured.

[0022] Furthermore, the outer edge of the protractor 3 is provided with protractor scale lines 14. These protractor scale lines 14 facilitate subsequent reading of the measured angle, thereby enabling quick reading of the angle value.

[0023] Further, the measuring scale 7 is provided with an angle measuring window 5, which matches the position of the protractor scale line 14 and indicates the angle of the measuring scale 7, the side of the angle measuring window 5 is provided with an angle measuring sight 11, which is accurately positioned at the position where the angle measuring window 5 is perpendicular to the measuring scale reference line 13 of the measuring scale 7. The angle value can be accurately read through the angle measuring window 5 and the corresponding angle measuring sight 11.

[0024] Further, the horizontal ruler 1 and the measuring scale 7 are long strip-shaped rigid plates. The horizontal ruler 1 and the measuring scale 7 ensure the structural strength and stability of the entire measuring tool.

[0025] Further, the length of the horizontal ruler 1 is 0.4-0.6m, the length of the measuring scale 7 is 0.3-0.5m, and the scale range of the protractor 3 is 0-90°. Through the above size range, good adaptability is ensured.

[0026] Embodiment 2:

[0027] The utility model discloses a horizontal ruler 1, level 2, protractor 3, pivot 4, angle measuring window 5, laser range finder 6, measuring scale 7 are formed.

[0028] Figure 1 In the specific embodiment, the level 2 is rigidly fixed in the horizontal ruler 1 in an embedded mode, and the observation surface is parallel to the reference surface of the horizontal ruler 1, so that when the level indicates the horizontal state, the reference surface of the horizontal ruler is in the horizontal state. The horizontal ruler 1 and the protractor 3 are rigidly fixed and cannot rotate and move. The horizontal ruler 1 and the measuring scale 7 are hingedly connected through the pivot 4 and can rotate relative to the pivot.

[0029] Figure 2 In the specific embodiment, the angle measuring sight is accurately positioned at the position where the angle measuring window 5 is perpendicular to the measuring scale reference line of the measuring scale 7. The scale indicated by the angle measuring sight is the reading of the measuring scale reference line and the reference surface of the horizontal ruler 1.

[0030] Figure 3 In the specific embodiment, the intersection of the pivot center line and the measuring scale reference line is marked as point A. The distance from the starting distance point of the laser range finder to point A is a known constant, that is, the distance difference between the actual value and the measured value, which is marked as q.

[0031] Figure 4In the figure, point A is the axis point of the tool when measuring, point B is the intersection of the slope bottom edge and the reference line of the measuring ruler, point D is the laser range finder irradiation point on the slope top boundary (i.e. the intersection of the measuring ruler rotation plane and the slope top boundary), point C is the perpendicular foot of point D to the extension line of AB, the range x is the distance displayed by the laser range finder when the laser range finder irradiates the slope top boundary (i.e. the distance from the range origin to the slope top boundary), the angle α is a measurement value, which is the angle measurement reading of ∠DAC read by the reading window when the laser range finder irradiates the slope top boundary, the range y is a measurement value, which is the range displayed by the laser range finder when the laser range finder irradiates the slope bottom edge (i.e. the distance from the range origin to the slope bottom edge), the range z is a calculation value, which is the calculated length of DC, and the angle β is the slope angle, which is a calculation value, and the slope gradient z / k is also a calculation value, which are calculated.

[0032] Embodiment 3:

[0033] One specific example of the utility model comprises a level 1, a level meter 2, a protractor 3, a rotating shaft 4, an angle measuring window 5, a laser range finder 6 and a measuring ruler 7.

[0034] The level 1 is a cuboid (with rounded corners) made of PC plate injection molding, with a length, width and height of 500mm*200mm*50mm.

[0035] The level meter 2 is a universal bubble type circular level meter, with a cylindrical appearance, a radius of 50mm and a height of 25mm.

[0036] The protractor 3 is a semicircular stainless steel protractor, with a thickness of 1.5mm, a radius of 150mm, scale marks of negative engraving, a scale range of 0-90°, a scale step of 1° and a digital reading every 5°.

[0037] The rotating shaft 4 is a stainless steel damping hinge, with an outer diameter of 40mm and an inner diameter of 20mm.

[0038] The angle measuring window 5 penetrates the measuring ruler, with a window of 30mm*30mm and a depth of 10mm.

[0039] The laser range finder 6 is a pulse laser range finder, with a maximum measurement range of 150m and an accuracy of ±2mm.

[0040] The measuring ruler 7 is a cuboid (with rounded corners) made of PC plate injection molding, with a length, width and height of 500mm*10mm*50mm.

[0041] The working process and principle of the tool are as follows:

[0042] 1. Find the measurement point:

[0043] Before measurement, find a point under the pit bottom of the slope and place the tool. After stable placement, the midpoint of the shaft axis is recorded as point A. The point should meet the following requirements: to ensure the convenience and safety of the measurement personnel, to ensure that the tool level is placed horizontally, to ensure that the laser range finder can be irradiated to the slope top boundary by rotating the measuring ruler, and to ensure that the laser range finder can be irradiated to the slope bottom edge when the angle measuring window reads 0° when the measuring ruler is rotated to the horizontal direction.

[0044] 2. Debugging the measurement tool:

[0045] Place the tool stably at point A, and the measurement personnel are on the side closer to the measuring ruler with the protractor as the boundary. Observe the level indicated by the level, at this time, no matter how the measuring ruler is rotated, the level of the level will not change. Then turn on the laser range finder and rotate the measuring ruler to verify that the laser range finder can be irradiated to the slope top boundary, and the measuring ruler is rotated to the horizontal direction (i.e. the angle measuring window reads 0°) when it is just irradiated to the slope bottom edge.

[0046] 3. Measure the slope top distance and horizontal clamping foot:

[0047] Measure the distance from point A to the slope top boundary: turn on the laser range finder and rotate the measuring ruler so that the laser range finder just irradiates to the slope top boundary. At this time, record the distance value displayed by the laser range finder, denoted as x; record the angle value indicated by the angle measuring window, i.e. the measurement value of ∠DAC, denoted as α.

[0048] 4. Measure the slope bottom distance:

[0049] Rotate the measuring ruler to the horizontal direction (i.e. the angle measuring window reads 0°), at this time, record the distance value displayed by the laser range finder, denoted as y. After recording, turn off the laser range finder and rotate the measuring ruler counterclockwise to coincide with the level.

[0050] 5. Calculate the slope gradient and angle:

[0051] As shown in Figure 4 , a right triangle is formed with points A, C, and D as vertices, where AD is the hypotenuse; a right triangle is formed with points B, C, and D as vertices, where BD is the hypotenuse.

[0052] (1) As shown in Figure 4 , in △ACD, the following relationships exist:

[0053] ∠DAC = α; AD = q + x; AC = q + y + k; DC = z;

[0054] sin α = DC / AD = z / (q + x); cos α = AC / AD = (q + y + k) / (q + x);

[0055] Based on the above two equations, we can derive: z = (q + x)· sin α; k=(q+x)· cos α-qy.

[0056] (2) such as Figure 4 As shown, △BCD has the following relationships:

[0057] ∠CBD=β; tan β = z / k.

[0058] (3) Calculate the slope gradient: z / k = [(q+x)· sin α] / [(q+x)· cos α-qy];

[0059] (4) Calculate the slope angle: β = arc tan (z / k)= arc tan {[(q+x)· sin α] / [(q+x)· cos α-qy]}.

Claims

1. A rapid slope gradient measuring tool, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a horizontal ruler, which comprises a horizontal ruler (1), a level (2) is embeddedly installed on the top of the horizontal ruler (1), an angle gauge (3) is fixedly installed on the end of the horizontal ruler (1), a measuring ruler (7) is rotatably installed on the center of the angle gauge (3) through a rotating shaft (4), a laser range finder (6) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the end of the measuring ruler (7), the laser beam emitted by the laser range finder (6) is always parallel to the measuring ruler reference line (13) of the measuring ruler (7), and the reverse extension line of the laser beam is orthogonal to the rotating shaft center line (15).

2. The tool for rapid determination of the slope gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that: During measurement, the observation surface is parallel to the horizontal ruler reference surface (8) of the horizontal ruler (1).

3. The tool for rapid determination of slope gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer edge of the angle gauge (3) is provided with an angle gauge scale line (14).

4. The tool for rapid determination of the slope gradient according to claim 3, characterized in that: The measuring ruler (7) is provided with an angle viewing window (5), the angle viewing window (5) is matched with the position of the angle gauge scale line (14) and indicates the angle of the measuring ruler (7), the side of the angle viewing window (5) is provided with an angle sight (11), and the angle sight (11) is accurately positioned at the position where the angle viewing window (5) is orthogonal to the measuring ruler reference line (13) of the measuring ruler (7).

5. The tool for rapid determination of slope gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal ruler (1) and the measuring ruler (7) are respectively long strip-shaped rigid plates.

6. The tool for rapid determination of slope gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the horizontal ruler (1) is 0.4-0.6 m, the length of the measuring ruler (7) is 0.3-0.5 m, and the scale range of the angle gauge (3) is 0-90°.

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