Intelligent communication box used in photovoltaic power generation engineering control system

Abstract

The utility model discloses an intelligent communication box used in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system. The intelligent communication box mainly comprises a master control circuit, an input and output circuit, a power supply circuit, a downward communication circuit, an upward communication circuit, a positioning circuit and a charging circuit. The main control circuit is connected with the input and output circuit, the power supply circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit and the charging circuit. The power supply circuit is connected with the input and output circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit and the charging circuit. During working, the intelligent communication box controls a plurality of TCUs, collects data such as rotation angles of the TCUs and nearby environment data, and feeds the data back to the control platform for storage and analysis. The device also has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation and easiness in implementation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to photovoltaic power generation engineering field especially, relate to a kind of intelligent communication box for photovoltaic power generation engineering control system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In photovoltaic power generation engineering project, intelligent communication box is used to connect the communication node between TCU (tracking support / daily tracking controller) and control station. In the existing intelligent communication box, generally only single-protocol communication is used, which has low fault tolerance and poor stability. In the case of communication failure, poor signal and strong interference, the overall communication will be interrupted.

[0003] Therefore, the prior art needs to be further improved and perfected. CONTENT OF UTILITY MODEL

[0004] The utility model aims at overcoming the insufficient of prior art, provide a kind of intelligent communication box for photovoltaic power generation engineering control system.

[0005] The utility model aims at overcoming the insufficient of prior art, provide a kind of intelligent communication box for photovoltaic power generation engineering control system.

[0006] A kind of intelligent communication box for photovoltaic power generation engineering control system, it mainly includes main control circuit, input output circuit, power supply circuit, downward communication circuit, upward communication circuit, positioning circuit and charging circuit. The main control circuit is connected with input output circuit, power supply circuit, downward communication circuit, upward communication circuit, positioning circuit, charging circuit respectively. The power supply circuit is connected with input output circuit, downward communication circuit, upward communication circuit, positioning circuit, charging circuit respectively.

[0007] Main control circuit

[0008] The main control circuit mainly comprises a main control chip, a first crystal oscillator, a clock chip, first to seventh resistors, first to fifth capacitors, and a light emitting diode. The first end of the main control chip is connected with a battery, the fifth end is connected with the sixth end through the first crystal oscillator, and is grounded through the first capacitor, the sixth end is connected with the fifth end through the first resistor, and is grounded through the second capacitor, the seventh end is connected with a 3.3V voltage end through the second resistor, and is grounded through the third capacitor, the twelfth, eighteenth, thirty-first, forty-seventh, and sixty-third ends are grounded, the thirteenth, nineteenth, thirty-second, forty-eighth, and sixty-fourth ends are connected with the 3.3V voltage end, the forty-fifth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the light emitting diode and the third resistor, and the sixtieth end is grounded through the fourth resistor. The second end of the clock chip is connected with the sixty-first end of the main control chip, and is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the fifth resistor, the sixth end is connected with the first end of the main control chip, the tenth end is connected with the twenty-eighth end of the main control chip, and is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the sixth resistor, the eleventh end is grounded, and the thirteenth end is connected with the fortieth end of the main control chip, and is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the seventh resistor.

[0009] Input and output circuit

[0010] The input and output circuit mainly comprises first to third key terminals, first to second indicator lamp terminals, a first transistor, a second transistor, and eighth to fourteenth resistors.

[0011] Specifically, the collector of the first transistor is connected with a 3.3V voltage end through the eighth resistor, the base is connected with the twenty-fourth end of the main control chip through the ninth resistor, and the emitter is grounded through the first indicator lamp terminal. The collector of the second transistor is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the tenth resistor, the base is connected with the twenty-fifth end of the main control chip through the eleventh resistor, and the emitter is grounded through the second indicator lamp terminal. One end of the first key terminal is connected with the eighth end of the main control chip, and is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the twelfth resistor, and the other end is grounded. One end of the second key terminal is connected with the ninth end of the main control chip, and is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the thirteenth resistor, and the other end is grounded. One end of the third key terminal is connected with the tenth end of the main control chip, and is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the fourteenth resistor, and the other end is grounded.

[0012] Power supply circuit

[0013] The power supply circuit comprises a first voltage reduction unit and a second voltage reduction unit. The first voltage reduction unit comprises a first chip, a second chip, a first fuse, a first diode, a second diode, a first inductor, a fifteenth resistor, and a sixth to thirteenth capacitor. The first end of the first chip is connected with the VCC voltage end through the first fuse, and is grounded through the first diode, the sixth capacitor, the seventh capacitor, the eighth capacitor, and the ninth capacitor respectively, the second end is connected with the 5V voltage end through the first inductor and the fifteenth resistor, and is grounded through the second diode, the third end is connected with the second end through the first inductor, and is grounded through the tenth capacitor, and the fourth to eighth ends are grounded. The first end of the second chip is grounded, the second end is connected with the fourth end and the 3.3V voltage end, and is grounded through the eleventh capacitor, the third end is connected with the 5V voltage end, and is grounded through the twelfth capacitor and the thirteenth capacitor respectively.

[0014] Further, the second voltage reduction unit comprises a third chip, a third diode, a second inductor, a sixteenth resistor, and a fourteenth to seventeenth capacitor. The first end of the third chip is connected with the VCC_C voltage end, and is grounded through the fourteenth capacitor, the fifteenth capacitor, and the sixteenth capacitor respectively, the second end is connected with the 12V voltage end through the second inductor and the sixteenth resistor, and is grounded through the third diode, the third end is connected with the second end through the second inductor, and is grounded through the seventeenth capacitor, and the fourth to eighth ends are grounded.

[0015] Downward communication unit

[0016] The downward communication circuit comprises a first selection switch, a first communication unit, a second communication unit, and a third communication unit. Specifically, the second end and the fifth end of the first selection switch are connected with the sixteenth end and the seventeenth end of the master control chip, the first end and the fourth end are connected with the second communication unit and the third communication unit respectively, and the third end and the sixth end are connected with the first communication unit. The first selection switch controls the second end to be connected with the first end or the third end, and controls the fifth end to be connected with the fourth end or the sixth end at the same time.

[0017] Specifically, the master control chip is connected with the first communication unit, the second communication unit, or the third communication unit through the first selection switch. The first selection switch is connected or disconnected through a control line to realize the connection of the master control chip with the first communication unit, or the connection of the master control chip with the second communication unit or the third communication unit. The first communication unit and the master control chip are designed on the mainboard, the second communication unit and the third communication unit are designed as independent small boards, and are connected with the circuit board where the master control chip is located through a plug-in interface mode. The lines connecting the second communication unit and the third communication unit with the master control chip are designed by using partial multiplexing. The second communication unit and the third communication unit share the same plug-in space on the mainboard, and are installed alternatively.

[0018] Specifically, the first communication unit comprises a first chip, a first terminal, a first fuse, a second fuse, first to fifth resistors, a first capacitor, a first diode, a second diode and a first transistor. The first end of the first chip is connected with the sixth end of the first selection switch, the second end is connected with the third end and the collector of the first transistor, is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the first resistor in series, the fourth end is connected with the third end of the first selection switch, is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the second resistor in series, is connected to the base of the first transistor through the third resistor in series, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the first end of the first terminal through the first fuse, is connected to the 5V voltage end through the fourth resistor in series, is grounded through the first diode, the seventh end is connected to the second end of the first terminal through the second fuse, is grounded through the fifth resistor, is grounded through the second diode, and the eighth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end. The emitter of the first transistor is grounded. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the first capacitor.

[0019] Further, the second communication unit comprises a second communication small plate, a second terminal, a third terminal, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor and a second transistor. The second terminal is welded on the main plate, the first end is grounded, the second end is connected with the 5V voltage end, the third end is connected with the first end of the first selection switch, and is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the sixth resistor, the fourth end is connected with the fourth end of the first selection switch, and the fifth end is connected with the collector of the second transistor. The base of the second transistor is connected with the thirty-fourth end of the master control chip and the third communication unit through the seventh resistor, and the emitter is grounded. The sixth end of the third terminal is welded on the main plate and is connected with the forty-first end of the master control chip. The second communication small plate is inserted on the second terminal and the third terminal and is connected with the master control chip through the two terminals.

[0020] Further, the third communication unit comprises a third communication small plate, a fourth terminal, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor and a second capacitor. The fourth terminal is welded on the main plate, the first end is grounded through the eighth resistor, the second end is connected with the thirty-fourth end of the master control chip and the second communication unit through the ninth resistor, the third end is connected with the first end of the first selection switch, the fourth end is connected with the fourth end of the first selection switch, the fifth end is connected with the master control chip through the tenth resistor, the sixth end is connected with the 5V voltage end and is grounded through the second capacitor, and the seventh to tenth ends are grounded. The third communication small plate is inserted on the fourth terminal and is connected with the master control chip through the fourth terminal.

[0021] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the first diode and the second diode are both transient suppression diodes.

[0022] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the first communication module adopts the module of RS485 communication protocol.

[0023] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the second communication module adopts the module of Zigbee communication protocol.

[0024] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the third communication module adopts the module of Lora communication protocol.

[0025] The working process and principle of the downward communication circuit are as follows: the main control chip and the first communication unit are designed on the same mainboard, and communication can be realized by selecting the first communication unit and the main control chip connection through the operation of the first selection switch.The other selection of the first selection switch is to connect the main control chip with the second communication unit and the third communication unit at the same time, since the second communication unit and the third communication unit are designed independently as small plates, they are connected with the mainboard through the plug-in mode, and in order to save the area of the mainboard and expand the use space, the second communication unit and the third communication unit share the same plug-in space, that is, the second communication unit and the third communication unit realize the communication with the main control chip by selective installation.

[0026] The upward communication circuit

[0027] The upward communication circuit comprises a multi-sensor unit, a fourth communication unit and a recording unit. The main control chip is connected with the multi-sensor unit, the fourth communication unit and the recording unit respectively. The recording unit serves as a temporary communication unit when communication is interrupted.

[0028] The multi-sensor unit comprises a first transmission chip, first to fourth transmission resistors, a first transmission diode, a second transmission diode, a first transmission fuse, a second transmission fuse, a first transmission capacitor and a first transmission terminal. The first end and the fourth end of the first transmission chip are connected with the thirty-third end and the twenty-ninth end of the main control chip respectively, the second end and the third end are connected and then connected with the twenty-second end of the main control chip through the first transmission resistor, the fourth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the second transmission resistor, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected with the second end of the first transmission terminal through the first transmission fuse and connected with the 5V voltage end through the third transmission resistor, and also grounded through the first transmission diode, the seventh end is connected with the third end of the first transmission terminal through the second transmission fuse, and also grounded through the fourth transmission resistor and the second transmission diode respectively, and the eighth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end.

[0029] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the multi-sensor unit further comprises a plurality of first connection terminals. The plurality of first connection terminals are connected in parallel with the first transmission terminal.

[0030] As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the multi-sensor unit further includes a second terminal, a third fuse, a third diode, a first light emitting diode, a fifth to seventh resistor and a first triode. The first end of the second terminal is connected with a 12V voltage terminal, the second end is connected with a 5V voltage terminal through the third fuse, the third end is connected to the base of the first triode through the first light emitting diode and the fifth resistor, and the fourth end is grounded. The collector of the first triode is connected with the thirty-ninth end of the master control chip, and is further connected with a 3.3V voltage terminal through the sixth resistor, and the emitter is grounded. The third diode is connected with the first light emitting diode in parallel. One end of the seventh resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the connection between the first light emitting diode and the fifth resistor. This module serves as a trigger switch when the snow thickness reaches a certain degree. When installing, a trigger switch needs to be externally connected to the second terminal, one end of the switch is connected with the first end (12V voltage terminal) or the second end (5V voltage terminal) of the second terminal, and the other end is connected with the third end of the second terminal. When the snow does not reach the set weight, the switch is in an open state, the first triode is cut off, and the master control chip obtains a high level signal. When the snow exceeds the set value, the switch is closed, the first triode is turned on, the pin level of the master control chip is pulled low, and the master control chip can determine whether the current snow thickness exceeds the set range through the high and low level states of the signal pin.

[0031] The second terminal is a multiplex terminal, which can obtain the snow thickness signal through the terminal, and can also externally connect other modules that need power supply, that is, the terminal provides 12V and 5V voltage for external modules, thereby further improving the expansibility of the module and making it applicable to more occasions.

[0032] Specifically, the fourth communication unit includes a second chip, an eighth to twelfth resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a second light emitting diode and a configuration button. The first end of the second chip is connected to the ground through the second light emitting diode and the eighth resistor, the second end is connected with the fifty-second end of the master control chip through the ninth resistor, the third end is connected with the fifty-first end of the master control chip through the tenth resistor, the fifth end is connected with a 3.3V voltage terminal through the eleventh resistor, and is further grounded through the second capacitor, the seventh end is grounded, and the eighth end is connected with a 3.3V voltage terminal through the twelfth resistor. The configuration button is connected with the second capacitor in parallel. The 3.3V voltage terminal is grounded through the third capacitor. The module serves as the main communication channel between the NCU and the control station, and includes an RJ45 network communication interface on the module. The control station and the master control chip can be connected in communication through the interface. When the main communication channel is interrupted, the master control chip can be switched to a backup communication circuit to temporarily communicate with the control station through the GPRS connection internet mode.

[0033] Specifically, the fourth communication unit is also provided with a backup communication circuit, including a backup third chip, a backup thirteenth to sixteenth resistor, a backup fourth diode, a backup fifth diode, a backup fourth fuse, a backup fifth fuse, a backup fourth capacitor, and a backup third terminal. The first end and the fourth end of the backup third chip are connected with the thirty-eighth end and the thirty-seventh end of the master control chip respectively, the second end is connected with the third end and then connected with the thirty-third end of the master control chip through the backup thirteenth resistor, the fourth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the backup fourteenth resistor, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected with the first end of the backup third terminal through the backup fourth fuse, and is also connected with the 5V voltage end through the backup fifteenth resistor, and is grounded through the backup fourth diode, the seventh end is connected with the second end of the backup third terminal through the backup fifth fuse, and is also grounded through the backup sixteenth resistor and the backup fifth diode respectively, and the eighth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the backup fourth capacitor.

[0034] Specifically, the recording unit includes a record fourth chip, a record seventeenth to twenty-second resistor, a record fifth to eighth capacitor, a record third light emitting diode, a second crystal oscillator, and a record fourth terminal.

[0035] The first end, the eighteenth to twenty-second end of the record fourth chip are connected with the forty-fourth end, the fifty-ninth to fifty-fifth end of the master control chip respectively, the third end and the fourth end are grounded at the same time, the seventh end is connected with the seventh end of the record fourth terminal, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the record seventeenth resistor, the ninth end is connected with the twenty-seventh end, the twenty-eighth end, and the 3.3V voltage end, the twelfth end is grounded and connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the record fifth capacitor, the thirteenth end is connected with the fourteenth end through the second crystal oscillator, the fourteenth end is grounded through the record sixth capacitor, the twenty-third end is connected with the second end of the record fourth terminal through the record eighteenth resistor, the twenty-fourth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end in series through the record nineteenth resistor and the record third light emitting diode, the twenty-fifth end is connected with the third end of the record fourth terminal, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the record twentieth resistor, the twenty-sixth end is connected with the fifth end of the record fourth terminal, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the record twenty-first resistor. The fourth end of the record fourth terminal is connected to the 3.3V voltage end, the sixth end, the tenth to thirteenth end are grounded, the ninth end is connected with the thirty-sixth end of the master control chip and connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the record twenty-second resistor. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the record seventh capacitor and the record eighth capacitor respectively. When this unit works, it is responsible for saving the environmental data (such as wind direction, wind power, temperature, humidity, irradiance, sunrise, sunset, rain, snow, etc.) and system running data collected by the master control chip to the SD card for subsequent data analysis.

[0036] When the main communication channel (the second chip) and the standby communication channel (the third chip) cannot normally communicate, in order to solve the temporary communication problem between the NCU and the control station, the SD card can be used as a medium for data interaction, the control station saves the execution command in the SD card, and then inserts the SD card into each NCU for execution, and vice versa, the NCU transmits the obtained data back to the control station through the SD card, although the communication efficiency is reduced, but it can also ensure that the NCU and the control station will not be completely disconnected.

[0037] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the first diode and the second diode are both transient suppression diodes.

[0038] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the fourth diode and the fifth diode are both transient suppression diodes.

[0039] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, one or more sensors of the rain barrel sensor, the wind speed and direction sensor, the snow depth sensor and the radiation sensor are connected in parallel on the first connection terminal. These sensors all adopt RS485 communication protocol, and are hung on the same bus, and are identified by communication addresses between each other, so that a master-slave networking scheme is formed with the master control chip.

[0040] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the third terminal is externally connected with a GPRS module. The master control chip is connected with the GPRS module through the third chip, realizes connection with the Internet, and establishes communication between the NCU and the control station.

[0041] The working process and principle of the upward communication unit are as follows: the master control chip communicates with various sensors through the multi-sensor unit to obtain real-time environmental monitoring data, and communicates with a plurality of lower TCUs downward to obtain TCU running state information and sun tracking control information. The master control chip collects these information and saves it in the SD card through the recording unit. In addition, the master control chip is connected with the control station through the fourth communication unit, and sends the obtained data to the control station for analysis. When the main communication channel is interrupted, the master control chip can switch to the standby communication channel to communicate with the control station, and if the standby channel is also interrupted, the SD card can be used as a temporary communication channel to communicate with the control station, so that the communication of the whole system will not be completely disconnected.

[0042] Positioning circuit

[0043] The positioning circuit comprises a second selection switch, a first positioning unit, a second positioning unit and an on-board debugging unit. The master control chip is connected with the first positioning unit or the second positioning unit through the second selection switch. The on-board debugging unit is connected with the master control chip. The master control chip, the second selection switch, the first positioning unit and the on-board debugging unit are arranged on the mainboard. The second positioning unit is designed as an independent small board and is connected with the second selection switch by being plugged on the mainboard. The second positioning unit is plugged above the first positioning unit and shares the pins of the master control chip with the first positioning unit.

[0044] Specifically, the second end and the fifth end of the second selection switch are connected with the fifty-fourth end and the fifty-third end of the master control chip respectively, the first end and the fourth end are connected with the first positioning unit respectively, and the third end and the sixth end are connected with the second positioning unit respectively. The master control chip selects the second end to be connected with the first end or the third end through the second selection switch, and selects the fifth end to be connected with the fourth end or the sixth end.

[0045] Further, the first positioning unit comprises a first positioning chip, first to fourth resistors, a first capacitor, a first inductor, a first light-emitting diode and an antenna terminal. The third end of the first positioning chip is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the first resistor and the first light-emitting diode in series, the seventh end is connected with the signal ground, the eighth end is connected with the ninth end, and the eighth end is connected with the antenna terminal through the second resistor and the first inductor in series, the tenth end, the twelfth end and the thirteenth end are connected with the signal ground, the eleventh end is connected with the antenna terminal, the fourteenth end is connected with the signal ground through the third resistor, the twentieth end is connected with the first end of the second selection switch, the twenty-first end is connected with the fourth end of the second selection switch, the twenty-third end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end, and the twenty-third end is further connected with the twenty-fourth end and the signal ground through the first capacitor. The antenna terminal is connected with the signal ground. The signal ground is connected with the ground through the fourth resistor.

[0046] Further, the first positioning unit further comprises a first transistor, a second transistor and fifth to eighth resistors. The drain of the first transistor is connected with the twenty-third end of the first positioning chip, the source is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the fifth resistor, and the gate is connected with the collector of the second transistor. The collector of the second transistor is connected with the source of the first transistor through the sixth resistor, the base is connected with the sixty-second end of the master control chip through the seventh resistor, the emitter is connected with the base through the eighth resistor, and the emitter is connected with the ground.

[0047] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the second positioning unit mainly includes a positioning small plate, a second connecting terminal and a second capacitor. The second connecting terminal is welded on the main plate and located at one side of the first positioning unit, the first end of which is connected with the GPS_3.3V_A voltage end, and is grounded through the second capacitor, the second end is grounded, the third end is connected with the third end of the second selection switch, and the fourth end is connected with the sixth end of the second selection switch. The positioning small plate is inserted on the connecting terminal and installed above the first positioning unit.

[0048] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the second positioning unit further includes a third triode, a fourth triode and a ninth to twelfth resistor.

[0049] Specifically, the drain of the third triode is connected with the first end of the second connecting terminal, the source is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the ninth resistor, and the gate is connected with the collector of the fourth triode. The collector of the fourth triode is connected with the source of the third triode through the tenth resistor, the base is connected with the fiftieth end of the master control chip through the eleventh resistor, the emitter is connected with the base through the twelfth resistor, and the emitter is grounded.

[0050] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the on-board debugging unit mainly includes a second debugging chip, a first debugging terminal, a second debugging terminal, a first debugging fuse, a second debugging fuse, a first debugging diode, a second debugging diode, a thirteenth to fifteenth resistor and a third debugging capacitor.

[0051] Specifically, the first end of the second debugging chip is connected with the forty-third end of the master control chip, the second end is connected with the third end, is further connected with the thirty-fifth end of the master control chip through the thirteenth resistor, the fourth end is connected with the forty-second end of the master control chip, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected with one end of the first debugging terminal and one end of the second debugging terminal through the first debugging fuse, is simultaneously connected with a 5V voltage end through the fourteenth resistor, is further grounded through the first debugging diode, the seventh end is connected with the other end of the first debugging terminal and the other end of the second debugging terminal through the second debugging fuse, is simultaneously grounded through the fifteenth resistor, is further grounded through the second debugging diode, and the eighth end is connected with a 3.3V voltage end. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the third debugging capacitor.

[0052] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the first triode adopts a P-channel field effect tube, and the second triode adopts an NPN type triode.

[0053] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the third triode adopts a P-channel field effect tube, and the fourth triode adopts an NPN type triode.

[0054] As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the first positioning unit and the second positioning unit adopt one of the following: American global positioning system (GPS), Russian GLONASS satellite navigation positioning system (GLONASS), European Galileo satellite navigation positioning system (Galileo) and Chinese Beidou satellite navigation system (BDS).

[0055] The working process and principle of the positioning circuit are as follows: in normal use, the second selection switch is operated to connect the main control chip with the first positioning unit, and the main control chip controls the first transistor to be turned on to supply power to the first positioning unit. When it is needed to switch to the second positioning unit, the positioning plate is plugged into the connecting terminal, and the second selection switch is operated to make the line between the main control chip and the second positioning unit communicate, and the main control chip opens the third transistor to supply power to the positioning plate, so that the switching between the two sets of positioning systems can be realized. When needed, the main control chip can be debugged and tested through the on-board debugging unit to ensure that the positioning system switches smoothly and stably.

[0056] The charging circuit adopts a commonly used battery charging circuit, and the battery pack connected to the power supply circuit provides stable and reliable power supply for the main board and peripheral devices.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the utility model also has the following advantages:

[0058] (1) The communication circuit of the intelligent communication box for the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system provided by the utility model is designed in a multi-protocol compatible manner, which can be applicable to different protocols without designing a corresponding circuit for a certain protocol, and can be used as a communication backup to switch to a backup communication channel after the main communication channel is interrupted to maintain the overall communication of the system.

[0059] (2) The intelligent communication box for the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system provided by the utility model is designed in two positioning circuit schemes to adapt to different positioning system signals in different countries and regions, or to quickly switch to another positioning circuit when one of the positioning circuits fails to ensure normal operation of the entire system.

[0060] (3) The intelligent communication box for the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system provided by the utility model adopts a design scheme in which the sensor group power supply and the controller group power supply are isolated, so that the two power supplies are independent and do not interfere with each other, and the stability of the power supply can be effectively ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 is the main control circuit principle diagram of the intelligent communication box for the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system provided by the utility model.

[0062] Figure 2 is the input and output circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0063] Figure 3 is the power circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0064] Figure 4 is the first selection switch circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0065] Figure 5 is the first communication unit circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0066] Figure 6 is the second communication unit and third communication unit circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0067] Figure 7 is the multi-sensor unit circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0068] Figure 8 is the fourth communication unit circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0069] Figure 9 is the standby communication circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0070] Figure 10 is the recording unit circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0071] Figure 11 is the second selection switch circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0072] Figure 12 is the first positioning unit circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0073] Figure 13 is the second positioning unit circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0074] Figure 14 is the on-board debugging unit circuit schematic provided by the utility model.

[0075] The label explanation in the above drawing:

[0076] Master control circuit:

[0077] MCU - master control chip, Y1 - first crystal oscillator, RTC - clock chip, R1 to R7 - first to seventh resistance, C1 to C5 - first to fifth capacitor, LED - light emitting diode.

[0078] Input and output circuit:

[0079] KJ1 to KJ3 - first to third key terminals, LJ1 to LJ2 - first to second indicator light terminals, Q1 - first triode, Q2 - second triode, R8 to R14 - eighth to fourteenth resistors.

[0080] Power supply circuit:

[0081] U1 - first chip, U2 - second chip, F1 - first fuse, D1 - first diode, D2 - second diode, L1 - first inductor, R15 - fifteenth resistor, C6 to C13 - sixth to thirteenth capacitors.

[0082] U3 - third chip, D3 - third diode, L2 - second inductor, R16 - sixteenth resistor, C14 to C17 - fourteenth to seventeenth capacitors.

[0083] Downward communication circuit:

[0084] S1 - first selection switch, 1U1 - pass first chip, 1J1 - pass first terminal, 1F1 - pass first fuse, 1F2 - pass second fuse, 1R1 to 1R5 - pass first to pass fifth resistors, 1C1 - pass first capacitor, 1D1 - pass first diode, 1D2 - pass second diode, 1Q1 - pass first triode.

[0085] 1J2 - pass second terminal, 1J3 - pass third terminal, 1R6 - pass sixth resistor, 1R7 - pass seventh resistor, 1Q2 - pass second triode.

[0086] 1J4 - pass fourth terminal, 1R8 - pass eighth resistor, 1R9 - pass ninth resistor, 1R10 - pass tenth resistor, 1C2 - pass second capacitor.

[0087] Upward communication circuit:

[0088] 2U1 - transmission first chip, 2R1 to 2R4 - transmission first to transmission fourth resistors, 2D1 - transmission first diode, 2D2 - transmission second diode, 2F1 - transmission first fuse, 2F2 - transmission second fuse, 2C1 - transmission first capacitor, 2P1 - transmission first terminal, 2P5 - first connection terminal, 2P2 - transmission second terminal, 2F3 - transmission third fuse, 2D3 - transmission third diode, LED1 - transmission first light emitting diode, 2R5 to 2R7 - transmission fifth to transmission seventh resistors, 2Q1 - transmission first triode.

[0089] 2U2 - signal second chip, 2R8 to 2R12 - signal eighth to signal twelfth resistors, 2C2 - signal second capacitor, 2C3 - signal third capacitor, LED2 - signal second light emitting diode, 2K1 - configuration button.

[0090] 2U3 - Backup third chip, 2R13 to 2R16 - Backup thirteenth to sixteenth resistors, 2D4 - Backup fourth diode, 2D5 - Backup fifth diode, 2F4 - Backup fourth fuse, 2F5 - Backup fifth fuse, 2C4 - Backup fourth capacitor, 2P3 - Backup third terminal.

[0091] 2U4 - the fourth chip; 2R17 to 2R22 - the seventeenth to twenty-second resistors; 2C5 to 2C8 - the fifth to eighth capacitors; LED3 - the third light-emitting diode; Y2 - the second crystal oscillator; 2P4 - the fourth terminal.

[0092] Positioning circuit:

[0093] S2 - Second selector switch, 3U1 - Determine the first chip, 3R1 to 3R4 - Determine the first to fourth resistors, 3C1 - Determine the first capacitor, 3L1 - Determine the first inductor, 3LED1 - Determine the first light-emitting diode, 3J1 - Antenna terminal.

[0094] 3Q1 - Determines the first transistor; 3Q2 - Determines the second transistor; 3R5 to 3R8 - Determines the fifth to eighth resistors; 3J2 - Second connection terminal; 3C2 - Determines the second capacitor.

[0095] 3Q3 - Determines the third transistor, 3Q4 - Determines the fourth transistor, 3R9 to 3R12 - Determines the ninth to twelfth resistors.

[0096] 3U2 - Adjust the second chip, 3P1 - Adjust the first terminal, 3P2 - Adjust the second terminal, 3F1 - Adjust the first fuse, 3F2 - Adjust the second fuse, 3D1 - Adjust the first diode, 3D2 - Adjust the second diode, 3R13 to 3R15 - Adjust the thirteenth to fifteenth resistors, 3C3 - Adjust the third capacitor. Detailed Implementation

[0097] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer and more explicit, the present utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0098] Example 1:

[0099] like Figures 1 to 14 As shown in the figure, this embodiment discloses an intelligent communication box for a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system, mainly including a main control circuit, an input / output circuit, a power supply circuit, a downward communication circuit, an upward communication circuit, a positioning circuit, and a charging circuit. The main control circuit is connected to the input / output circuit, the power supply circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit, and the charging circuit. The power supply circuit is connected to the input / output circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit, and the charging circuit.

[0100] Specifically, the main control circuit mainly comprises a main control chip MCU, a first crystal oscillator Y1, a clock chip RTC, first to seventh resistors R1 to R7, first to fifth capacitors C1 to C5, and a light emitting diode LED. The first end of the main control chip MCU is connected with a battery, the fifth end is connected with the sixth end through the first crystal oscillator Y1, and is further grounded through the first capacitor C1, the sixth end is connected with the fifth end through the first resistor R1, and is further grounded through the second capacitor C2, the seventh end is connected with a 3.3V voltage end through the second resistor R2, and is further grounded through the third capacitor C3, the twelfth, eighteenth, thirty-first, forty-seventh and sixty-third ends are grounded, the thirteenth, nineteenth, thirty-second, forty-eighth and sixty-fourth ends are connected with the 3.3V voltage end, the forty-fifth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the light emitting diode LED and the third resistor R3, and the sixtieth end is grounded through the fourth resistor R4. The second end of the clock chip RTC is connected with the sixty-first end of the main control chip MCU, and is further connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the fifth resistor R5, the sixth end is connected with the first end of the main control chip MCU, the tenth end is connected with the twenty-eighth end of the main control chip MCU, and is further connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the sixth resistor R6, the eleventh end is grounded, and the thirteenth end is connected with the fortieth end of the main control chip MCU, and is further connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the seventh resistor R7.

[0101] Input and output circuit

[0102] The input and output circuit mainly comprises first to third key terminals KJ1 to KJ3, first to second indicator lamp terminals LJ1 to LJ2, a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, and eighth to fourteenth resistors R8 to R14.

[0103] Specifically, the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the eighth resistor R8, the base is connected with the twenty-fourth end of the main control chip MCU through the ninth resistor R9, and the emitter is grounded through the first indicator lamp terminal LJ1. The collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the tenth resistor R10, the base is connected with the twenty-fifth end of the main control chip MCU through the eleventh resistor R11, and the emitter is grounded through the second indicator lamp terminal LJ2. One end of the first key terminal KJ1 is connected with the eighth end of the main control chip MCU, and is further connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the twelfth resistor R12, and the other end is grounded. One end of the second key terminal KJ2 is connected with the ninth end of the main control chip MCU, and is further connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the thirteenth resistor R13, and the other end is grounded. One end of the third key terminal KJ3 is connected with the tenth end of the main control chip MCU, and is further connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the fourteenth resistor R14, and the other end is grounded.

[0104] Power supply circuit

[0105] The power supply circuit comprises a first voltage reduction unit and a second voltage reduction unit. The first voltage reduction unit comprises a first chip U1, a second chip U2, a first fuse F1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first inductor L1, a fifteenth resistor R15, and a sixth to thirteenth capacitor C6 to C13. The first end of the first chip U1 is connected with the VCC voltage end through the first fuse F1, and is grounded through the first diode D1, the sixth capacitor C6, the seventh capacitor C7, the eighth capacitor C8, and the ninth capacitor C9 respectively, the second end is connected with the 5V voltage end through the first inductor L1 and the fifteenth resistor R15, and is grounded through the second diode D2, the third end is connected with the second end through the first inductor L1, and is grounded through the tenth capacitor C10, and the fourth to eighth ends are grounded. The first end of the second chip U2 is grounded, the second end is connected with the fourth end and the 3.3V voltage end, and is grounded through the eleventh capacitor C11, the third end is connected with the 5V voltage end, and is grounded through the twelfth capacitor C12 and the thirteenth capacitor C13 respectively.

[0106] Further, the second voltage reduction unit comprises a third chip U3, a third diode D3, a second inductor L2, a sixteenth resistor R16, and a fourteenth to seventeenth capacitor C14 to C17. The first end of the third chip U3 is connected with the VCC_C voltage end, and is grounded through the fourteenth capacitor C14, the fifteenth capacitor C15, and the sixteenth capacitor C16 respectively, the second end is connected with the 12V voltage end through the second inductor L2 and the sixteenth resistor R16, and is grounded through the third diode D3, the third end is connected with the second end through the second inductor L2, and is grounded through the seventeenth capacitor C17, and the fourth to eighth ends are grounded.

[0107] Downward communication unit

[0108] The downward communication circuit comprises a first selection switch S1, a first communication unit, a second communication unit, and a third communication unit. Specifically, the second end and the fifth end of the first selection switch S1 are connected with the sixteenth end and the seventeenth end of the master control chip MCU, the first end and the fourth end are connected with the second communication unit and the third communication unit respectively, and the third end and the sixth end are connected with the first communication unit. The first selection switch S1 is operated to control the second end to be connected with the first end or the third end, and to control the fifth end to be connected with the fourth end or the sixth end at the same time.

[0109] Specifically, the master chip MCU is connected with the first communication unit, the second communication unit or the third communication unit through the first selection switch S1. The first selection switch S1 is connected with the master chip MCU, the first communication unit, the second communication unit or the third communication unit through the control line. The first communication unit is designed on the mainboard with the master chip MCU. The second communication unit and the third communication unit are designed as independent small plates and are connected with the circuit board where the master chip MCU is located through the plug-in interface. The lines connecting the second communication unit and the third communication unit with the master chip MCU are designed with partial multiplexing. The second communication unit and the third communication unit share the same plug-in space on the mainboard and are installed alternatively.

[0110] Specifically, the first communication unit includes a first chip 1U1, a first terminal 1J1, a first fuse 1F1, a second fuse 1F2, a first to fifth resistor 1R1 to 1R5, a first capacitor 1C1, a first diode 1D1, a second diode 1D2, and a first transistor 1Q1. The first end of the first chip 1U1 is connected with the sixth end of the first selection switch S1, the second end and the third end are connected with the collector of the first transistor 1Q1, and the fourth end is connected with the third end of the first selection switch S1. The first end is connected with the first terminal 1J1 through the first fuse 1F1, and the seventh end is connected with the second end of the first terminal 1J1 through the second fuse 1F2. The sixth end is connected with the third end of the first selection switch S1 through the first resistor 1R1, and the fourth end is connected with the third end of the first selection switch S1 through the second resistor 1R2. The fifth end is grounded, and the eighth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end. The emitter of the first transistor 1Q1 is grounded. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the first capacitor 1C1.

[0111] Further, the second communication unit comprises a second communication subboard, a second communication terminal 1J2, a third communication terminal 1J3, a sixth resistor 1R6, a seventh resistor 1R7 and a second transistor 1Q2. The second communication terminal 1J2 is welded on the mainboard, the first end of which is connected with the ground, the second end of which is connected with the 5V voltage terminal, the third end of which is connected with the first end of the first selection switch S1, and the fourth end of which is connected with the fourth end of the first selection switch S1, and the fifth end of which is connected with the collector of the second transistor 1Q2. The base of the second transistor 1Q2 is connected with the thirty-fourth end of the master control chip MCU and the third communication unit through the seventh resistor 1R7, and the emitter is connected with the ground. The third communication terminal 1J3 is welded on the mainboard, and the sixth end of the third communication terminal 1J3 is connected with the forty-first end of the master control chip MCU. The second communication subboard is inserted into the second communication terminal 1J2 and the third communication terminal, and is connected with the master control chip MCU through the two terminals.

[0112] Further, the third communication unit comprises a third communication subboard, a fourth communication terminal 1J4, an eighth resistor 1R8, a ninth resistor 1R9, a tenth resistor 1R10 and a second capacitor 1C2. The fourth communication terminal 1J4 is welded on the mainboard, the first end of which is connected with the ground through the eighth resistor 1R8, the second end of which is connected with the thirty-fourth end of the master control chip MCU and the second communication unit through the ninth resistor 1R9, the third end of which is connected with the first end of the first selection switch S1, the fourth end of which is connected with the fourth end of the first selection switch S1, the fifth end of which is connected with the master control chip MCU through the tenth resistor 1R10, the sixth end of which is connected with the 5V voltage terminal, and the seventh to tenth ends of which are connected with the ground. The third communication subboard is inserted into the fourth communication terminal 1J4, and is connected with the master control chip MCU through the fourth communication terminal 1J4.

[0113] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the first diode 1D1 and the second diode 1D2 are all transient suppression diodes.

[0114] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the first communication module adopts the module of RS485 communication protocol.

[0115] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the second communication module adopts the module of Zigbee communication protocol.

[0116] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the third communication module adopts the module of Lora communication protocol.

[0117] The working process and principle of the downward communication circuit are as follows: the main control chip MCU and the first communication unit are designed on the same mainboard, and the first communication unit is connected with the main control chip MCU by operating the first selection switch S1 to realize communication. The other selection of the first selection switch S1 is to connect the main control chip MCU with the second communication unit and the third communication unit at the same time. Since the second communication unit and the third communication unit are designed in an independent small plate and connected with the mainboard through a plug-in mode, and in order to save the area of the mainboard and expand the use space, the second communication unit and the third communication unit share the same plug-in space, that is, the second communication unit and the third communication unit are selectively installed to realize the communication with the main control chip MCU.

[0118] The upward communication circuit

[0119] The upward communication circuit comprises a multi-sensor unit, a fourth communication unit and a recording unit. The main control chip MCU is connected with the multi-sensor unit, the fourth communication unit and the recording unit respectively. The recording unit serves as a temporary communication unit when communication is interrupted.

[0120] The multi-sensor unit comprises a first transmission chip 2U1, first to fourth transmission resistors 2R1 to 2R4, a first transmission diode 2D1, a second transmission diode 2D2, a first transmission fuse 2F1, a second transmission fuse 2F2, a first transmission capacitor 2C1 and a first transmission terminal 2P1. The first end and the fourth end of the first transmission chip 2U1 are connected with the thirty-first end and the twenty-ninth end of the main control chip MCU respectively, the second end and the third end are connected and then connected with the twenty-second end of the main control chip MCU through the first transmission resistor 2R1, the fourth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the second transmission resistor 2R2, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected with the second end of the first transmission terminal 2P1 through the first transmission fuse 2F1 and connected with the 5V voltage end through the third transmission resistor 2R3 and grounded through the first transmission diode 2D1, the seventh end is connected with the third end of the first transmission terminal 2P1 through the second transmission fuse 2F2 and grounded through the fourth transmission resistor 2R4 and the second transmission diode 2D2 respectively, and the eighth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end. The first end of the first transmission terminal 2P1 is connected with the 12V voltage end, and the fourth end is grounded. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the first transmission capacitor 2C1.

[0121] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the multi-sensor unit further comprises a plurality of first connection terminals 2P5. The plurality of first connection terminals 2P5 are all connected in parallel with the first transmission terminal 2P1.

[0122] As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the multi-sensor unit further comprises a second terminal 2P2, a third fuse 2F3, a third diode 2D3, a first light-emitting diode LED 1, fifth to seventh resistors 2R5 to 2R7, and a first triode 2Q1. The first end of the second terminal 2P2 is connected with a 12V voltage terminal, the second end is connected with a 5V voltage terminal through the third fuse 2F3, the third end is connected to the base of the first triode 2Q1 through the first light-emitting diode LED 1 and the fifth resistor string 2R5, and the fourth end is grounded. The collector of the first triode 2Q1 is connected with the thirty-ninth end of the master control chip MCU and is further connected with a 3.3V voltage terminal through the sixth resistor 2R6, and the emitter is grounded. The third diode 2D3 is connected in parallel with the first light-emitting diode LED 1. One end of the seventh resistor 2R7 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the connection position of the first light-emitting diode LED 1 and the fifth resistor 2R5. This module serves as a trigger switch when the snow thickness reaches a certain degree. When installing, a trigger switch needs to be externally connected to the second terminal 2P2. One end of the switch is connected with the first end (12V voltage terminal) or the second end (5V voltage terminal) of the second terminal 2P2, and the other end is connected with the third end of the second terminal 2P2. When the snow does not reach the set weight, the switch is in an open state, the first triode 2Q1 is cut off, and the master control chip MCU obtains a high-level signal. When the snow exceeds the set value, the switch is closed, the first triode 2Q1 is turned on, and the pin level of the master control chip MCU is pulled low. The master control chip MCU can determine whether the current snow thickness exceeds the set range through the high and low level states of the signal pin.

[0123] The second terminal 2P2 is a multiplex terminal. The terminal can obtain the snow thickness signal and externally connect other modules that need power supply. That is, the terminal provides 12V and 5V voltage for external modules, thereby further improving the expansibility of the module and making it applicable to more occasions.

[0124] Specifically, the fourth communication unit includes a signal second chip 2U2, a signal eighth to twelfth resistor 2R8 to 2R12, a signal second capacitor 2C2, a signal third capacitor 2C3, a signal second light emitting diode LED2, and a configuration button 2K1. The first end of the signal second chip 2U2 is connected in series to the ground through the signal second light emitting diode LED2 and the signal eighth resistor 2R8, the second end is connected to the fifty-second end of the master control chip MCU through the signal ninth resistor 2R9, the third end is connected to the fifty-first end of the master control chip MCU through the signal tenth resistor 2R10, the fifth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the signal eleventh resistor 2R11 and grounded through the signal second capacitor 2C2, the seventh end is grounded, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the signal twelfth resistor 2R12. The configuration button 2K1 is connected in parallel with the signal second capacitor 2C2. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the signal third capacitor 2C3. The module serves as the main communication channel between the NCU and the control station, and includes an RJ45 network communication interface on the module, through which the control station and the master control chip MCU can be communicatively connected. When the main communication channel is interrupted, the master control chip MCU can be switched to the backup communication circuit to temporarily communicate with the control station through the GPRS connection to the Internet.

[0125] Specifically, the fourth communication unit further includes a backup communication circuit, which includes a backup third chip 2U3, a backup thirteenth to sixteenth resistor 2R13 to 2R16, a backup fourth diode 2D4, a backup fifth diode 2D5, a backup fourth fuse 2F4, a backup fifth fuse 2F5, a backup fourth capacitor 2C4, and a backup third terminal 2P3. The first end and the fourth end of the backup third chip 2U3 are connected to the thirty-eighth end and the thirty-seventh end of the master control chip MCU, respectively, the second end is connected to the third end and then connected to the thirty-third end of the master control chip MCU through the backup thirteenth resistor 2R13, the fourth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the backup fourteenth resistor 2R14, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the first end of the backup third terminal 2P3 through the backup fourth fuse 2F4, is also connected to the 5V voltage end through the backup fifteenth resistor 2R15, and is grounded through the backup fourth diode 2D4, the seventh end is connected to the second end of the backup third terminal 2P3 through the backup fifth fuse 2F5, is also grounded through the backup sixteenth resistor 2R16 and the backup fifth diode 2D5, respectively, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the backup fourth capacitor 2C4.

[0126] Specifically, the recording unit includes a record fourth chip 2U4, a record seventeenth to twenty-second resistor 2R17 to 2R22, a record fifth to eighth capacitor 2C5 to 2C8, a record third light emitting diode LED3, a second crystal oscillator Y4, and a record fourth terminal 2P4.

[0127] The first end, the eighteenth end to the twenty-second end of the record fourth chip 2U4 are connected with the forty-fourth end, the fifty-ninth end to the fifty-fifth end of the master control chip MCU respectively, the third end and the fourth end are grounded simultaneously, the seventh end is connected with the seventh end of the record fourth terminal 2P4, is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the record seventeenth resistance 2R17, the ninth end is connected with the twenty-seventh end, the twenty-eighth end and the 3.3V voltage end, the twelfth end is grounded and connected with the 3.3V voltage end through the record fifth capacitor 2C5, the thirteenth end is connected with the fourteenth end through the second crystal oscillator Y2, the fourteenth end is grounded through the record sixth capacitor 2C6, the twenty-third end is connected with the second end of the record fourth terminal 2P4 through the record eighteenth resistance 2R18, the twenty-fourth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the record nineteenth resistance 2R19 and the record third light emitting diode LED3 in series, the twenty-fifth end is connected with the third end of the record fourth terminal 2P4, is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the record twentieth resistance 2R20, the twenty-sixth end is connected with the fifth end of the record fourth terminal 2P4, is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the record twenty-first resistance 2R21.The fourth end of the record fourth terminal 2P4 is connected to the 3.3V voltage end, the sixth end, the tenth end to the thirteenth end are grounded, the ninth end is connected with the thirty-sixth end of the master control chip MCU and connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the record twenty-second resistance 2R22.The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the record seventh capacitor 2C7 and the record eighth capacitor 2C8 respectively.When the unit works, it is responsible for saving the environmental data (such as wind direction, wind power, temperature, humidity, irradiance, sunrise, sunset, rain, snow and other information) and system running data collected by the master control chip MCU into the SD card for subsequent data analysis.

[0128] When the main communication channel (the second chip) and the standby communication channel (the third chip) cannot normally communicate, in order to solve the temporary communication problem between the NCU and the control station, the SD card can be used as a medium for data interaction, the control station saves the execution command in the SD card, and then inserts the SD card into each NCU for execution, and vice versa, the data obtained by each NCU is transmitted back to the control station through the SD card, although the communication efficiency is reduced, but it can ensure that the NCU and the control station will not be completely disconnected.

[0129] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the first diode 2D1 and the second diode 2D2 are both transient suppression diodes.

[0130] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the fourth diode 2D4 and the fifth diode 2D5 are both transient suppression diodes.

[0131] As the preferred scheme of the utility model, one or more sensors of rain barrel sensor, wind speed and direction sensor, snow depth sensor, and irradiation sensor are connected in parallel on the first connection terminal 2P5. These sensors all adopt RS485 communication protocol, and are hung on the same bus, and are identified by communication address between each other to distinguish different devices, so that the networking scheme of one master and multiple slaves with the master control chip MCU is achieved.

[0132] As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the third terminal 2P3 is externally connected with a GPRS module. The master control chip MCU is connected with the GPRS module through the third chip 2U3, realizes the connection with the Internet, and thus establishes the communication between the NCU and the control station.

[0133] The working process and principle of the upward communication unit are as follows: the master control chip MCU communicates with various sensors through the multi-sensor unit on one hand to obtain real-time environmental monitoring data, and communicates downward with a plurality of TCUs on the other hand to obtain the running state information and the sun tracking control information of the TCUs. The master control chip MCU collects these information and saves them in the SD card through the recording unit. In addition, the master control chip MCU is also connected with the control station through the fourth communication unit and sends the obtained data to the control station for analysis. When the main communication channel is interrupted, the master control chip MCU can switch to the standby communication channel to communicate with the control station, and if the standby channel is also interrupted, the SD card can be used as a temporary communication channel to communicate with the control station, so that the communication of the whole system is not completely disconnected.

[0134] Positioning circuit

[0135] The positioning circuit comprises a second selection switch S2, a first positioning unit, a second positioning unit, and an on-board debugging unit. The master control chip MCU is connected with the first positioning unit or the second positioning unit through the second selection switch S2. The on-board debugging unit is connected with the master control chip MCU. The master control chip MCU, the second selection switch S2, the first positioning unit, and the on-board debugging unit are all arranged on the mainboard. The second positioning unit is designed as an independent small board and is connected with the second selection switch S2 by being plugged on the mainboard. The second positioning unit is plugged above the first positioning unit and shares the pins of the master control chip MCU with a plurality of lines of the first positioning unit.

[0136] Specifically, the second end and the fifth end of the second selection switch S2 are connected with the fifty-fourth end and the fifty-third end of the master control chip MCU respectively, the first end and the fourth end are connected with the first positioning unit respectively, and the third end and the sixth end are connected with the second positioning unit respectively. The master control chip MCU selects the second end and the first end or the third end to be connected through the second selection switch S2, and simultaneously selects the fifth end and the fourth end or the sixth end to be connected.

[0137] Further, the first positioning unit comprises a first chip 3U1, first to fourth resistors 3R1 to 3R4, a first capacitor 3C1, a first inductor 3L1, a first light emitting diode 3LED1 and an antenna terminal 3J1. The third end of the first chip 3U1 is connected to a 3.3V voltage terminal through the first resistor 3R1 and the first light emitting diode 3LED1 in series, the seventh end is connected to a signal ground, the eighth end is connected to the ninth end, and the tenth end, the twelfth end and the thirteenth end are connected to the signal ground, the eleventh end is connected to the antenna terminal 3J1, the fourteenth end is connected to the signal ground through the third resistor 3R3, the twentieth end is connected to the first end of the second selection switch S2, the twenty-first end is connected to the fourth end of the second selection switch S2, the twenty-third end is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal, and the twenty-fourth end is connected to the signal ground through the first capacitor 3C1. The antenna terminal 3J1 is connected to the signal ground. The signal ground is connected to the ground through the fourth resistor 3R4.

[0138] Further, the first positioning unit further comprises a first transistor 3Q1, a second transistor 3Q2 and fifth to eighth resistors 3R5 to 3R8. The drain of the first transistor 3Q1 is connected to the twenty-third end of the first chip 3U1, the source is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the fifth resistor 3R5, and the gate is connected to the collector of the second transistor 3Q2. The collector of the second transistor 3Q2 is connected to the source of the first transistor 3Q1 through the sixth resistor 3R6, the base is connected to the sixty-second end of the master control chip MCU through the seventh resistor 3R7, the emitter is connected to the base through the eighth resistor 3R8, and the emitter is connected to the ground.

[0139] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the second positioning unit mainly comprises a positioning small plate, a second connection terminal 3J2 and a second capacitor 3C2. The second connection terminal 3J2 is welded on the mainboard and is located at one side of the first positioning unit, the first end thereof is connected to a GPS_3.3V_A voltage terminal and is further connected to the ground through the second capacitor 3C2, the second end is connected to the ground, the third end is connected to the third end of the second selection switch S2, and the fourth end is connected to the sixth end of the second selection switch S2. The positioning small plate is inserted on the second connection terminal 3J2 and is installed above the first positioning unit.

[0140] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the second positioning unit further comprises a third transistor 3Q3, a fourth transistor 3Q4 and ninth to twelfth resistors 3R9 to 3R12.

[0141] Specifically, the drain of the third fixed triode 3Q3 is connected with the first end of the second connection terminal 3J2, the source is connected with the 3.3V voltage terminal through the ninth fixed resistor 3R9, and the gate is connected with the collector of the fourth fixed triode 3Q4. The collector of the fourth fixed triode 3Q4 is connected with the source of the third fixed triode 3Q3 through the tenth fixed resistor 3R10, the base is connected with the fiftieth end of the master control chip MCU through the eleventh fixed resistor 3R11, the emitter is connected with the base through the twelfth fixed resistor 3R12, and the emitter is grounded.

[0142] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the on-board debugging unit mainly comprises a second adjusting chip 3U2, a first adjusting terminal 3P1, a second adjusting terminal 3P2, a first adjusting fuse 3F1, a second adjusting fuse 3F2, a first adjusting diode 3D1, a second adjusting diode 3D2, thirteenth to fifteenth adjusting resistors 3R13 to 3R15 and a third adjusting capacitor 3C3.

[0143] Specifically, the first end of the second adjusting chip 3U2 is connected with the forty-third end of the master control chip MCU, the second end is connected with the third end, the third end is also connected with the thirty-fifth end of the master control chip MCU through the thirteenth adjusting resistor 3R13, the fourth end is connected with the forty-second end of the master control chip MCU, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected with one end of the first adjusting terminal 3P1 and one end of the second adjusting terminal 3P2 through the first adjusting fuse 3F1, is also connected with a 5V voltage terminal through the fourteenth adjusting resistor 3R14, is further grounded through the first adjusting diode 3D1, the seventh end is connected with the other end of the first adjusting terminal 3P1 and the other end of the second adjusting terminal 3P2 through the second adjusting fuse 3F2, is also grounded through the fifteenth adjusting resistor 3R15, is further grounded through the second adjusting diode 3D2, and the eighth end is connected with a 3.3V voltage terminal. The 3.3V voltage terminal is grounded through the third adjusting capacitor 3C3.

[0144] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the first fixed triode 3Q1 adopts a P-channel field effect tube, and the second fixed triode 3Q2 adopts an NPN type triode.

[0145] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the third fixed triode 3Q3 adopts a P-channel field effect tube, and the fourth fixed triode 3Q4 adopts an NPN type triode.

[0146] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the first positioning unit and the second positioning unit adopt one of the following: the American global positioning system (GPS), the Russian GLONASS satellite navigation positioning system, the European Galileo satellite navigation positioning system and the Chinese Beidou satellite navigation system.

[0147] The working process and principle of the positioning circuit are as follows: in normal use, the second selection switch S2 is operated to connect the main control chip MCU with the first positioning unit, and the main control chip MCU controls the first triode 3Q1 to be turned on to supply power to the first positioning unit; when it is needed to switch to the second positioning unit, the positioning small plate is inserted into the connection terminal, and the second selection switch S2 is operated to connect the main control chip MCU with the second positioning unit, and the main control chip MCU turns on the third triode 3Q3 to supply power to the positioning small plate, so that the switching between the two sets of positioning systems is realized. When needed, the main control chip MCU can be debugged and tested through the on-board debugging unit to ensure that the positioning system switching is smooth and stable.

[0148] The charging circuit adopts a common battery charging circuit, and a battery pack is further included in the circuit, which is connected to the power supply circuit to provide stable and reliable power supply for the main board and peripheral devices.

[0149] The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the utility model, but the embodiment of the utility model is not limited by the above embodiment, and any change, modification, replacement, combination, simplification made without departing from the spirit and principle of the utility model should be an equivalent replacement mode, which is included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. An intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system, characterized in that, The application relates to a kind of intelligent charging device, including main control circuit, input and output circuit, power supply circuit, downward communication circuit, upward communication circuit, positioning circuit and charging circuit;The main control circuit is connected with input and output circuit, power supply circuit, downward communication circuit, upward communication circuit, positioning circuit and charging circuit respectively;The power supply circuit is connected with input and output circuit, downward communication circuit, upward communication circuit, positioning circuit and charging circuit respectively; The main control circuit includes main control chip, first crystal oscillator, clock chip, first to seventh resistance, first to fifth capacitor and light emitting diode;The first end of the main control chip is connected with battery, the fifth end is connected with the sixth end through the first crystal oscillator, and is grounded through the first capacitor, the sixth end is connected with the fifth end through the first resistance, and is grounded through the second capacitor, the seventh end is connected with 3.3V voltage end through the second resistance, and is grounded through the third capacitor, the twelfth, eighteenth, thirty-first, forty-seventh and sixty-third ends are grounded, the thirteenth, nineteenth, thirty-second, forty-eighth and sixty-fourth ends are connected with 3.3V voltage end, the forty-fifth end is connected with 3.3V voltage end through the light emitting diode and the third resistance, and the sixtieth end is grounded through the fourth resistance;The second end of the clock chip is connected with the sixty-first end of the main control chip, and is connected with 3.3V voltage end through the fifth resistance, the sixth end is connected with the first end of the main control chip, the tenth end is connected with the twenty-eighth end of the main control chip, and is connected with 3.3V voltage end through the sixth resistance, the eleventh end is grounded, and the thirteenth end is connected with the fortieth end of the main control chip, and is connected with 3.3V voltage end through the seventh resistance.

2. The intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input and output circuit includes first to third key terminals, first to second indicator lamp terminals, first transistor, second transistor and eighth to fourteenth resistors; The collector of the first transistor is connected with 3.3V voltage end through the eighth resistance, the base is connected with the twenty-fourth end of the main control chip through the ninth resistance, and the emitter is grounded through the first indicator lamp terminal;The collector of the second transistor is connected with 3.3V voltage end through the tenth resistance, the base is connected with the twenty-fifth end of the main control chip through the eleventh resistance, and the emitter is grounded through the second indicator lamp terminal;One end of the first key terminal is connected with the eighth end of the main control chip, and is connected with 3.3V voltage end through the twelfth resistance, and the other end is grounded;One end of the second key terminal is connected with the ninth end of the main control chip, and is connected with 3.3V voltage end through the thirteenth resistance, and the other end is grounded;One end of the third key terminal is connected with the tenth end of the main control chip, and is connected with 3.3V voltage end through the fourteenth resistance, and the other end is grounded.

3. The intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply circuit includes first and second step-down units; The first voltage reduction unit comprises a first chip, a second chip, a first fuse, a first diode, a second diode, a first inductor, a fifteenth resistor, and sixth to thirteenth capacitors; a first end of the first chip is connected with a VCC voltage end through the first fuse, and is grounded through the first diode, the sixth capacitor, the seventh capacitor, the eighth capacitor, and the ninth capacitor respectively, a second end is connected with a 5V voltage end through the first inductor and the fifteenth resistor, and is grounded through the second diode, a third end is connected with the second end through the first inductor, and is grounded through the tenth capacitor, fourth to eighth ends are grounded; a first end of the second chip is grounded, a second end is connected with a fourth end and a 3.3V voltage end, and is grounded through an eleventh capacitor, a third end is connected with the 5V voltage end, and is grounded through a twelfth capacitor and a thirteenth capacitor respectively.

4. The intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second voltage reduction unit comprises a third chip, a third diode, a second inductor, a sixteenth resistor, and fourteenth to seventeenth capacitors; a first end of the third chip is connected with a VCC_C voltage end, and is grounded through the fourteenth capacitor, the fifteenth capacitor, and the sixteenth capacitor respectively, a second end is connected with a 12V voltage end through the second inductor and the sixteenth resistor, and is grounded through the third diode, a third end is connected with the second end through the second inductor, and is grounded through the seventeenth capacitor, fourth to eighth ends are grounded.

5. The intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downward communication circuit comprises a first selection switch, a first communication unit, a second communication unit, and a third communication unit; a second end of the first selection switch is connected with a sixteenth end of a master control chip, and a fifth end is connected with a seventeenth end of the master control chip; The first communication unit comprises a through first chip, a through first terminal, a through first fuse, a through second fuse, through first to fifth resistors, a through first capacitor, a through first diode, a through second diode, and a through first triode; A first end of the through first chip is connected with a sixth end of the first selection switch, a second end and a third end are connected with a collector of the through first triode, and are connected to a 3.3V voltage end through a through first resistor in series, a fourth end is connected with a third end of the first selection switch, and is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through a through second resistor in series, and is connected to a base of the through first triode through a through third resistor in series, a fifth end is grounded, a sixth end is connected to a first end of the through first terminal through the through first fuse, and is connected to a 5V voltage end through a through fourth resistor in series, and is grounded through the through first diode, a seventh end is connected to a second end of the through first terminal through the through second fuse, and is grounded through a through fifth resistor, and is grounded through the through second diode, an eighth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage end; an emitter of the through first triode is grounded; the 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the through first capacitor.

6. The intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second communication unit comprises a second communication small plate, a through second terminal, a through third terminal, a through sixth resistor, a through seventh resistor, and a through second triode; The through second terminal is welded on the mainboard, the first end is grounded, the second end is connected with the 5V voltage terminal, the third end is connected with the first end of the first selection switch and connected with the 3.3V voltage terminal through the through sixth resistance, the fourth end is connected with the fourth end of the first selection switch, and the fifth end is connected with the collector of the through second triode; the base of the through second triode is connected with the thirty-fourth end of the main control chip and the third communication unit through the through seventh resistance, and the emitter is grounded; the through third terminal is welded on the mainboard, and the sixth end is connected with the forty-first end of the main control chip; the second communication small plate is inserted on the through second terminal and the through third terminal and connected with the main control chip through the two terminals.

7. The intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The third communication unit comprises a third communication small plate, a through fourth terminal, a through eighth resistance, a through ninth resistance, a through tenth resistance and a through second capacitor; The through fourth terminal is welded on the mainboard, the first end is grounded through the through eighth resistance, the second end is connected with the thirty-fourth end of the main control chip and the second communication unit through the through ninth resistance, the third end is connected with the first end of the first selection switch, the fourth end is connected with the fourth end of the first selection switch, the fifth end is connected with the main control chip through the through tenth resistance, the sixth end is connected with the 5V voltage terminal and grounded through the through second capacitor, and the seventh to tenth ends are grounded; the third communication small plate is inserted on the through fourth terminal and connected with the main control chip through the through fourth terminal.

8. The intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upward communication circuit comprises a multi-sensor unit, a fourth communication unit and a recording unit; the main control chip is connected with the multi-sensor unit, the fourth communication unit and the recording unit respectively; the recording unit serves as a temporary communication unit when communication is interrupted; The multi-sensor unit comprises a transmission first chip, a transmission first to fourth resistance, a transmission first diode, a transmission second diode, a transmission first fuse, a transmission second fuse, a transmission first capacitor and a transmission first terminal; the first end and the fourth end of the transmission first chip are connected with the thirtieth end and the twenty-ninth end of the main control chip respectively, the second end and the third end are connected and connected with the twenty-second end of the main control chip through the transmission first resistance, the fourth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage terminal through the transmission second resistance, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected with the second end of the transmission first terminal through the transmission first fuse and connected with the 5V voltage terminal through the transmission third resistance, and also grounded through the transmission first diode, the seventh end is connected with the third end of the transmission first terminal through the transmission second fuse, and also grounded through the transmission fourth resistance and the transmission second diode respectively, and the eighth end is connected with the 3.3V voltage terminal; the first end of the transmission first terminal is connected with the 12V voltage terminal, and the fourth end is grounded; the 3.3V voltage terminal is grounded through the transmission first capacitor.

9. The intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fourth communication unit comprises a signal second chip, a signal eighth to twelfth resistance, a signal second capacitor, a signal third capacitor, a signal second light emitting diode and a configuration button; The first end of the signal second chip is connected to the ground through a signal second light emitting diode and a signal eighth resistor, the second end is connected to the fifth second end of the master control chip through a signal ninth resistor, the third end is connected to the fifth first end of the master control chip through a signal tenth resistor, the fifth end is connected to a 3.3V voltage end through a signal eleventh resistor and is also connected to the ground through a signal second capacitor, the seventh end is connected to the ground, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through a signal twelfth resistor; the configuration button is connected in parallel with the signal second capacitor; The 3.3V voltage end is connected to the ground through a signal third capacitor.

10. The intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fourth communication unit is also provided with a backup communication circuit, including a backup third chip, backup thirteenth to sixteenth resistors, a backup fourth diode, a backup fifth diode, a backup fourth fuse, a backup fifth fuse, a backup fourth capacitor, and a backup third terminal; The first end and the fourth end of the backup third chip are respectively connected to the thirty-eighth end and the thirty-seventh end of the master control chip, the second end is connected to the third end and then connected to the thirty-third end of the master control chip through a backup thirteenth resistor, the fourth end is connected to a 3.3V voltage end through a backup fourteenth resistor, the fifth end is connected to the ground, the sixth end is connected to the first end of the backup third terminal through a backup fourth fuse and is also connected to a 5V voltage end through a backup fifteenth resistor and is also connected to the ground through a backup fourth diode, the seventh end is connected to the second end of the backup third terminal through a backup fifth fuse and is also connected to the ground through a backup sixteenth resistor and a backup fifth diode, respectively, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end; the 3.3V voltage end is connected to the ground through a backup fourth capacitor.

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