Photovoltaic power optimization system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power optimization system. Comprising a data acquisition module, a main control module, an MMPT control module, a real-time monitoring module, an alarm module, a blocking module, a fault diagnosis and prediction module and a storage module, the data acquisition module is used for acquiring working parameters of the photovoltaic module, and the MMPT control module is used for judging the working state of the photovoltaic module and dynamically adjusting the maximum working power point of the photovoltaic module. The real-time monitoring module is used for integrating working parameters and working state information, the alarm module is used for giving an alarm after responding to a photovoltaic module fault, the blocking module is used for cutting off output after responding to the photovoltaic module fault, the fault diagnosis and prediction module is used for diagnosing a fault type, and the storage module is used for storing data of each module. According to the utility model, the functions of high power generation efficiency, rapid fault diagnosis and output cutting, comprehensive real-time monitoring, online output alarm and the like are integrated, and the stability and efficiency of continuous power supply of the photovoltaic assembly are ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to photovoltaic power generation system application technical field, especially, it is a kind of photovoltaic power optimization system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is a kind of technology using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interface to convert light energy into electric energy directly, mainly by solar panel (assembly), controller and inverter three big parts, main component is by electronic component.Contral and inverter three big parts, main component is by electronic component.Solar cell is encapsulated after series connection and can form large-area solar cell assembly, then cooperate with power controller and other components to form photovoltaic power generation device.MPPT photovoltaic power optimization technology is a kind of key technology for significantly improving solar conversion efficiency by real-time tracking maximum power point of photovoltaic cell, which has been highly valued by scientific research institutions and industry in the world in recent years.

[0003] With photovoltaic power generation gradually becoming an indispensable power generation method, the number of photovoltaic power plants is also increasing year by year. However, the existing part of photovoltaic power plants, when working, the photovoltaic components cause uneven power generation efficiency due to individual differences and external interference, and the overall system power generation capacity is limited. At the same time, in emergency situations, high voltage may still exist in the system, increasing the safety risk. At present, there is a lack of means for accurately monitoring the real-time power generation state of a single photovoltaic component. Once a fault occurs, it is difficult to quickly locate the problem, resulting in large-area shutdown inspection. And single component failure will interrupt the power generation capacity of the entire string, requiring the entire system to be shut down for maintenance or replacement, which seriously affects the stability and efficiency of continuous power supply, and the complex terrain in mountainous areas limits the arrangement of components, reducing energy efficiency. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0004] The utility model aims at providing a kind of photovoltaic power optimization system to solve the problem that the continuous power supply of entire system is interrupted due to the lack of effective and accurate monitoring of the real-time power generation state of a single photovoltaic component in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The utility model discloses a kind of photovoltaic power optimization systems, comprising:

[0007] Data acquisition module is connected with the input end of photovoltaic component, for collecting the working parameter of the photovoltaic component;

[0008] Main control module is electrically connected with the data acquisition module, for receiving and distributing the working parameter;

[0009] The MMPT control module is electrically connected with the data acquisition module, is used for receiving the working parameters and judging the working state information of the photovoltaic module, and is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module, and is used for dynamically adjusting the working parameters to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module;

[0010] The real-time monitoring module is electrically connected with the data acquisition module and the MMPT control module respectively, and is used for acquiring the working parameters and the working state information in real time.

[0011] The alarm module is electrically connected with the real-time monitoring module, and is used for alarming in response to the abnormal working parameters and / or the fault working state information.

[0012] The blocking module is electrically connected with the MMPT control module and the output end of the photovoltaic module respectively, and is used for cutting off the output of the photovoltaic module in response to the fault working state information.

[0013] The fault diagnosis and prediction module is electrically connected with the data acquisition module and the MMPT control module respectively, and is used for receiving the working parameters and diagnosing the fault type of the photovoltaic module in response to the fault working state information.

[0014] The storage module is electrically connected with the data acquisition module, the MMPT control module, the real-time monitoring module and the blocking module respectively, and is used for acquiring and storing the output data of each module.

[0015] Optionally, the data acquisition module comprises:

[0016] The current sensor is electrically connected with the input end of the photovoltaic module and the main control module respectively, and is used for acquiring the input current of the photovoltaic module.

[0017] The voltage sensor is electrically connected with the input end of the photovoltaic module and the main control module respectively, and is used for acquiring the input voltage of the photovoltaic module.

[0018] The first temperature sensor is electrically connected with the input end of the photovoltaic module and the main control module respectively, and is used for acquiring the working temperature of the photovoltaic module.

[0019] The analog signal input end of the first analog-digital converter is electrically connected with the current sensor, the voltage sensor and the first temperature sensor respectively, and the digital signal output end of the first analog-digital converter is connected with the MMPT control module, the real-time monitoring module, the fault diagnosis and prediction module and the storage module respectively.

[0020] Optionally, the MMPT control module comprises a second analog-digital converter, a first microprocessor and a pulse width modulation signal generator.

[0021] The analog signal input ends of the second analog-digital converter are electrically connected with the current sensor, the voltage sensor and the first temperature sensor respectively, the first microprocessor is connected with the digital signal output end of the second analog-digital converter, for determining the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module according to the working parameters and judging the working state of the photovoltaic module, and the first microprocessor is connected with the storage module;

[0022] The input end of the pulse width modulation signal generator is connected with the first microprocessor, for generating a pulse width modulation signal according to the determined maximum power point, and the pulse width modulation signal generator is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module.

[0023] Optionally, the blocking module comprises a relay and / or an electronic switch, and a second microprocessor, the control end of the relay and / or the electronic switch is connected with the first microprocessor, and the working end of the relay and / or the electronic switch is electrically connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module, for triggering the relay and / or the electronic switch to cut off the output of the photovoltaic module in response to the working fault judged by the first microprocessor;

[0024] The second microprocessor is connected with the working end of the relay and / or the electronic switch, for obtaining the execution information of the relay and / or the electronic switch, and the second microprocessor is connected with the storage module.

[0025] Optionally, the real-time monitoring module comprises a third microprocessor and a first communication unit, the third microprocessor is connected with the digital signal output end of the first analog-digital converter and the first microprocessor respectively, for receiving and integrating the working state information and the corresponding working parameters, the photovoltaic power optimization system further comprises a fault information display module, the third microprocessor transmits data with the fault information display module through the first communication unit, and the third microprocessor is connected with the storage module;

[0026] The alarm module comprises a buzzer and / or an audible and light alarm, the buzzer and / or the audible and light alarm is connected with the third microprocessor, and the buzzer and / or the audible and light alarm is connected with the main control module.

[0027] Optionally, the fault diagnosis and prediction module comprises a fourth microprocessor and a second communication unit, the fourth microprocessor is connected with the digital signal output end of the first analog-to-digital converter and the first microprocessor respectively, for receiving the working parameters after the working state information represents a fault, and comparing the working parameters with preset historical fault data to determine the fault type of the photovoltaic module, and the fourth microprocessor transmits data with the main control module through the second communication unit.

[0028] Optionally, the photovoltaic power optimization system further comprises a fault positioning module, the fault positioning module comprises a fifth microprocessor and a third communication unit, the fifth microprocessor is connected with the fourth microprocessor, for receiving the fault type information output by the fourth microprocessor, and calculating the fault position of the photovoltaic module, and the fifth microprocessor transmits data with the fault information display module through the third communication unit.

[0029] Optionally, the fault information display module comprises a liquid crystal display screen and / or an LED indicator, the second microprocessor transmits data with the liquid crystal display screen and / or the LED indicator through the first communication unit, and the fifth microprocessor transmits data with the liquid crystal display screen and / or the LED indicator through the third communication unit.

[0030] Optionally, the photovoltaic power optimization system further comprises an environment sensing module, the environment sensing module comprises an illumination sensor and a second temperature sensor, the illumination sensor and the second temperature sensor are electrically connected with the MMPT control module, for the MMPT control module to receive the illumination parameter and the temperature parameter of the environment where the photovoltaic module is located, and to determine the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module in cooperation with the working parameters.

[0031] Optionally, the photovoltaic power optimization system further comprises a safety protection module, the safety protection module comprises an overcurrent protection unit, an overvoltage protection unit and a short-circuit protection unit, the control ends of the overcurrent protection unit, the overvoltage protection unit and the short-circuit protection unit are connected with the output end of the main control module respectively, for detecting the output signal of the main control module, and triggering the corresponding overcurrent protection unit, overvoltage protection unit and short-circuit protection unit according to the detected output signal.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic power optimization system provided by the embodiment of the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

[0033] Through the connection of multiple functional modules, when the photovoltaic power optimizer is working normally, the working parameters of the photovoltaic module, such as voltage, current and temperature, are collected by the data acquisition module and transmitted to the main control module, the main control module coordinates and manages the working of the whole photovoltaic power optimizer according to the data, and transmits the data to the MMPT control module, and the MMPT control module analyzes the working state of the photovoltaic module, and dynamically adjusts the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic module through the main control module to realize maximum power point tracking, thereby maximizing the power generation efficiency. At the same time, the data generated by the data acquisition module and the MMPT control module are received and integrated by the real-time monitoring module, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can understand the running state of the photovoltaic module at any time. When the data acquisition module collects abnormal data and / or the MMPT control module judges that the photovoltaic module may have a fault, the blocking module will quickly cut off the output of the photovoltaic module to prevent the fault from spreading or causing greater damage to the system. And these data will also be recorded and stored by the storage module for subsequent analysis and optimization. In addition, the fault diagnosis and prediction module can diagnose and predict the fault of the photovoltaic module, which can find potential faults in advance, reduce system downtime and improve operation and maintenance efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] The technical solutions of the utility model will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments, and the drawings are as follows:

[0035] Figure 1 The module connection structure schematic diagram of fault blocking and alarm of the photovoltaic power optimization system provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown in the figure.

[0036] Figure 2 The circuit connection structure schematic diagram of fault blocking and alarm of the photovoltaic power optimization system provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown in the figure.

[0037] Figure 3 The module connection structure schematic diagram of fault diagnosis and positioning of the photovoltaic power optimization system provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown in the figure.

[0038] Figure 4 The circuit connection structure schematic diagram of fault diagnosis and positioning of the photovoltaic power optimization system provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown in the figure.

[0039] The various marks in the drawings represent the following:

[0040] 1, data acquisition module; 1-1, current sensor; 1-2, voltage sensor; 1-3, first temperature sensor; 1-4, first analog-digital converter; 2, main control module; 3, MMPT control module; 3-1, second analog-digital converter; 3-2, pulse width modulation signal generator; 4, real-time monitoring module; 4-1, third microprocessor; 5, alarm module; 5-1, buzzer; 5-2, sound and light alarm; 6, blocking module; 6-1, relay; 6-2, electronic switch; 7, fault diagnosis and prediction module; 7-1, fourth microprocessor; 8, storage module; 9, fault information display module; 9-1, liquid crystal display screen; 9-2, LED indicator light; 10, fault positioning module; 10-1, fifth microprocessor; 11, environment sensing module; 11-1, light sensor; 11-2, second temperature sensor; 12, safety protection module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. Now, the preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0042] The utility model discloses a photovoltaic power optimization system, as shown in Figure 1 And Figure 3 As shown, comprising:

[0043] Data acquisition module 1 is connected with the input end of photovoltaic module and is used for collecting the working parameter of photovoltaic module;

[0044] Main control module 2 is electrically connected with data acquisition module 1 and is used for receiving and distributing working parameter;

[0045] MMPT control module is electrically connected with data acquisition module 1 and is used for receiving working parameter and judging to obtain the working state information of photovoltaic module, and MMPT control module is connected with the output end of photovoltaic module and is used for dynamically adjusting working parameter to the maximum power point of photovoltaic module;

[0046] Real-time monitoring module 4 is electrically connected with data acquisition module 1 and MMPT control module respectively and is used for obtaining working parameter and working state information in real time;

[0047] Alarm module 5 is electrically connected with real-time monitoring module 4 and is used for alarming after responding to the abnormality of working parameter and / or the fault of working state information;

[0048] Blocking module 6 is electrically connected with MMPT control module and the output end of photovoltaic module respectively and is used for cutting off the output of photovoltaic module after responding to the fault of working state information;

[0049] The fault diagnosis and prediction module 7 is electrically connected with the data acquisition module 1 and the MMPT control module 3 respectively, and is used for receiving working parameters and diagnosing the fault type of the photovoltaic module after responding to the working state information after the fault;

[0050] The storage module 8 is electrically connected with the data acquisition module 1, the MMPT control module 3, the real-time monitoring module 4 and the blocking module 6 respectively, and is used for acquiring and storing the output data of each module.

[0051] Through the implementation of the above photovoltaic power optimization system, when the photovoltaic power optimization system is working normally, the working parameters of the photovoltaic module such as voltage, current and temperature are collected by the data acquisition module 1 and transmitted to the main control module 2. The main control module 2 preferably includes a microprocessor, and related power supply circuit, reset circuit, clock circuit and communication interface circuit, so that the main control module 2 can coordinate and manage the work of the whole photovoltaic power optimizer according to the data collected by the data acquisition module 1, and transmit these collected data to the MMPT control module 3. Based on the MPPT algorithm, the MMPT control module 3 analyzes the working state of the photovoltaic module according to the collected data to dynamically adjust the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic module, that is, to adjust the working point of the power conversion unit in the photovoltaic system, so that the photovoltaic module always works near the maximum power point, thereby maximizing the power generation efficiency. At the same time, the data generated by the data acquisition module 1 and the MMPT control module 3 are received and integrated by the real-time monitoring module 4, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can know the running condition of the photovoltaic module at any time. When the data acquisition module 1 collects abnormal data and / or the MMPT control module 3 judges that the photovoltaic module may have a fault, an alarm function is triggered, and the blocking module 6 is triggered to quickly cut off the output of the photovoltaic module to prevent the fault from spreading or causing greater damage to the system. And these data will also be recorded and stored by the storage module for subsequent analysis and optimization. In addition, the fault diagnosis and prediction module 7 diagnoses and predicts the fault of the photovoltaic module, which can discover potential faults in advance, reduce system downtime and improve operation and maintenance efficiency. Thus, a system integrating the functions of improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module, quickly diagnosing the fault and cutting off the output of the photovoltaic module, providing comprehensive real-time monitoring data, and outputting online alarm information is realized, which ensures the stability and efficiency of continuous power supply of the photovoltaic module. Preferably, the storage module uses a Flash memory, which is connected to the main control module 2 through a communication interface, and is used for recording and storing historical data and event records.

[0052] Further, as shown in Figure 2 The data acquisition module 1 includes:

[0053] The current sensor 1-1 is electrically connected with the input end of the photovoltaic module and the main control module 2 respectively, and is used for collecting the input current of the photovoltaic module;

[0054] a voltage sensor 1-2 electrically connected with the input end of the photovoltaic module and the main control module 2 respectively, for collecting the input voltage of the photovoltaic module;

[0055] a first temperature sensor 1-3 electrically connected with the input end of the photovoltaic module and the main control module 2 respectively, for collecting the working temperature of the photovoltaic module;

[0056] a first analog-to-digital converter 1-4, the analog signal input end of the first analog-to-digital converter 1-4 is electrically connected with the current sensor 1-1, the voltage sensor 1-2 and the first temperature sensor 1-3 respectively, and the digital signal output end of the first analog-to-digital converter 1-4 is connected with the MMPT control module 3, the real-time monitoring module 4, the fault diagnosis and prediction module 7 and the storage module 8 respectively.

[0057] Through the implementation of the above photovoltaic power optimization system, the combination of the current sensor 1-1, the voltage sensor 1-2 and the first temperature sensor 1-3 can accurately collect the input current, input voltage and working temperature of the photovoltaic module to realize real-time monitoring of the working parameters of the photovoltaic module. And the first analog-to-digital converter 1-4 converts the analog signals of each sensor into digital signals, which is convenient for subsequent processing and analysis, so that the main control module 2 and other modules can directly use and process these data. For example, through the MMPT control module 3, i.e. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MMPT), the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module is realized through the above collected data; the real-time monitoring module 4 can monitor the running state of the photovoltaic module in real time by receiving the above collected data; the fault diagnosis and prediction module 7 can discover potential problems in time, give early warning of faults and prevent possible system failure by analyzing current, voltage and temperature data; the storage module 8 can record the collected data to provide basis for system maintenance, performance evaluation and historical data analysis.

[0058] Further, the MMPT control module 3 includes a second analog-to-digital converter 3-1, a first microprocessor and a pulse width modulation signal generator 3-2. The analog signal input end of the second analog-to-digital converter 3-1 is electrically connected with the current sensor 1-1, the voltage sensor 1-2 and the first temperature sensor 1-3 respectively. The first microprocessor is connected with the digital signal output end of the second analog-to-digital converter, for determining the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module according to the working parameters and judging the working state of the photovoltaic module, and the first microprocessor is connected with the storage module 8. The input end of the pulse width modulation signal generator 3-2 is connected with the first microprocessor, for generating a pulse width modulation signal according to the determined maximum power point. And the pulse width modulation signal generator 3-2 is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module.

[0059] Through the implementation of the above photovoltaic power optimization system, the analog signals such as current, voltage and temperature collected by the data acquisition module 1 are converted into digital signals by the second analog-to-digital converter, providing accurate data input for the first microprocessor. The first microprocessor is responsible for processing the data converted by the second analog-to-digital converter, calculating the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module, and determining the working state. The principle is: the output power of the photovoltaic module changes with the change of working voltage and current. The maximum power point is a point on the power output curve, at which the photovoltaic module can output the maximum power. The first microprocessor calculates and determines the precise location of the maximum power point by analyzing real-time data of current and voltage using specialized algorithms such as Perturb and Observe algorithm, Incremental Conductance algorithm, etc. In addition to tracking the maximum power point, the first microprocessor also needs to monitor the working state of the photovoltaic module, including evaluating whether the photovoltaic module is within the normal working range, i.e. through real-time analysis of parameters such as voltage, current and temperature, to determine whether the photovoltaic module is in the optimal working state or whether there is a fault. Connecting the first microprocessor with the storage module 8 can store the running history data of the photovoltaic module in the storage module 8, which may include records of changes in parameters such as voltage, current, power, temperature over time. When a fault or abnormal condition is detected, these events are recorded and stored in the storage module 8 for subsequent analysis and troubleshooting. The pulse width modulation signal generator 3-2 generates pulse width modulation (PWM) signals according to the instructions of the first microprocessor, and the pulse width modulation (PWM) signals are used to control the inverter or direct current converter to adjust the output of the photovoltaic module to keep it at the maximum power point.

[0060] Further, the blocking module 6 includes a relay 6-1 and / or an electronic switch 6-2, and a second microprocessor. The control end of the relay 6-1 and / or the electronic switch 6-2 is connected with the first microprocessor, and the working end of the relay 6-1 and / or the electronic switch 6-2 is electrically connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module, for triggering the relay 6-1 and / or the electronic switch 6-2 to cut off the output of the photovoltaic module in response to the first microprocessor determining a working fault. The second microprocessor is connected with the working end of the relay 6-1 and / or the electronic switch 6-2 for obtaining the execution information of the relay 6-1 and / or the electronic switch 6-2, and the second microprocessor is connected with the storage module 8.

[0061] By implementing the photovoltaic power optimization system described above, when the first microprocessor determines that the photovoltaic module has a working fault, the blocking module 6 can quickly respond and cut off the output of the photovoltaic module by triggering the relay 6-1 and / or the electronic switch 6-2, which can prevent the fault from further expanding, protect the photovoltaic module from damage, and prevent potential electric shock risk and fire danger. The second microprocessor is connected to the working end of the relay 6-1 and / or the electronic switch 6-2, which can obtain real-time execution information of these switches, which can be used for fault diagnosis and system maintenance, and help to quickly locate and solve problems. By connecting the second microprocessor to the storage module 8, the operation history of the relay 6-1 and / or the electronic switch 6-2 can be recorded. Thus, through the cooperation of the MMPT control module and the blocking module 6, the automatic control of the photovoltaic power generation system is enhanced, so that the system can respond quickly according to the real-time monitored fault condition.

[0062] Preferably, for the relay 6-1, the control end of the relay 6-1 includes one or more coils, which are connected to the first microprocessor. When the first microprocessor determines that the photovoltaic module has a working fault, a low-level signal or a high-level signal is sent to the coils, which will generate a magnetic field and be activated. The working end of the relay 6-1 includes a set of contacts, which are electrically connected to the output end of the photovoltaic module. When the coil at the control end is activated, the contacts of the relay 6-1 will be closed, thereby connecting or disconnecting the output circuit of the photovoltaic module.

[0063] For the electronic switch 6-2, the control end of the electronic switch 6-2 is usually an input pin, which is connected to the first microprocessor. When the first microprocessor determines that the photovoltaic module has a working fault, the first microprocessor controls the state of the electronic switch 6-2 by sending a control signal. The working end of the electronic switch 6-2 is directly connected to the output end of the photovoltaic module. When the control signal makes the electronic switch 6-2 conductive, the output circuit of the photovoltaic module is closed; when the control signal makes the electronic switch 6-2 non-conductive, the output circuit is disconnected.

[0064] As described above, when the working end of the relay 6-1 and / or the electronic switch 6-2 can provide state information, such as whether it is closed, the second microprocessor can read these state information through the input pin. In order to facilitate subsequent analysis of the execution information of the relay 6-1 and / or the electronic switch 6-2 to help diagnose fault problems in the system.

[0065] Further, the real-time monitoring module 4 comprises a third microprocessor 4-1 and a first communication unit. The third microprocessor 4-1 is connected to the digital signal output of the first analog-to-digital converter 1-4 and the first microprocessor respectively, for receiving and integrating the working state information and the corresponding working parameters. The photovoltaic power optimization system further comprises a fault information display module 9. The third microprocessor 4-1 transmits data to the fault information display module 9 through the first communication unit, and the third microprocessor 4-1 is connected to the storage module 8. The alarm module 5 comprises a buzzer 5-1 and / or an audible and visual alarm 5-2. The buzzer 5-1 and / or the audible and visual alarm 5-2 are connected to the third microprocessor 4-1, and the buzzer 5-1 and / or the audible and visual alarm 5-2 are connected to the main control module 2.

[0066] Through the implementation of the above photovoltaic power optimization system, the third microprocessor 4-1 receives the photovoltaic module working parameters output by the first analog-to-digital converter 1-4 in the data acquisition module 1 and the working state of the photovoltaic module judged by the first microprocessor in the MMPT control module in real time, which improves the efficiency of data processing and monitoring. By integrating the working state information and the corresponding working parameters, comprehensive state monitoring of the photovoltaic module is realized to quickly obtain the working parameters of the photovoltaic module in the fault state. And through the first communication unit, the third microprocessor 4-1 can transmit the fault information including the working state information and the corresponding working parameters to the fault information display module 9 in real time, ensuring that the operator can quickly understand the fault condition. In addition, the buzzer 5-1 and / or the audible and visual alarm 5-2 can issue an alarm in a timely manner when a fault is detected, so as to immediately notify the operator, so as to take appropriate emergency measures to prevent potential dangers or losses. At the same time, the alarm signal will also be sent to the main control module 2, so that after the main control module 2 receives the alarm information, one or more of the following operations will be performed: recording fault information to the system log; issuing an alarm, which may be through a display screen, other alarm devices or a communication system; starting diagnosis and taking repair measures; starting a safety program, such as shutting down the system, notifying maintenance personnel or starting an emergency program.

[0067] Further, as shown in Figure 4 the fault diagnosis and prediction module 7 comprises a fourth microprocessor 7-1 and a second communication unit. The fourth microprocessor 7-1 is connected to the digital signal output of the first analog-to-digital converter 1-4 and the first microprocessor respectively, for receiving the working parameters in response to the working state information representing a fault, and comparing the working parameters with the preset historical fault data to determine the fault type of the photovoltaic module. The fourth microprocessor 7-1 transmits data to the main control module 2 through the second communication unit.

[0068] Through the implementation of the above photovoltaic power optimization system, the working parameters of the photovoltaic module output by the first analog-to-digital converter 1-4 in the data acquisition module 1 and the working state of the photovoltaic module judged by the first microprocessor in the MMPT control module are received by the fourth microprocessor 7-1 in real time, which can quickly respond to the working state information and timely receive and process the working parameters representing the fault. This direct connection reduces the delay of data transmission and improves the speed and efficiency of fault diagnosis. By comparing the received real-time working parameters with the preset historical fault data using the fourth microprocessor 7-1, common fault patterns can be identified, thereby improving the accuracy of fault identification and helping to more accurately determine the fault type of the photovoltaic module.

[0069] Among them, the fourth microprocessor 7-1 receives the working parameters after responding to the working state information representing the fault, and the working parameters include the current, voltage, temperature and other key parameters of the photovoltaic module. The fourth microprocessor 7-1 analyzes these real-time data and compares them with the historical fault data stored in advance. These historical data may come from previous fault records or from known fault patterns in the database. Through comparative analysis, the fourth microprocessor 7-1 can identify the type of fault, including but not limited to photovoltaic module damage, connection problems, electrical faults, thermal faults, etc. And through the identification of the fault type, future fault risks can be predicted to facilitate the implementation of preventive maintenance measures in advance. Thus, through continuous monitoring of working parameters and analysis of historical data, the fault diagnosis and prediction module 7 can accurately diagnose faults to help timely repair problems, reduce system downtime, and help predict potential faults, thereby achieving preventive maintenance.

[0070] As mentioned above, the fourth microprocessor 7-1 also transmits data with the main control module 2 through the second communication unit to realize the integration and sharing of fault diagnosis data, which helps the main control module 2 better manage the entire photovoltaic system, including fault history records, maintenance plans and performance analysis.

[0071] Further, the photovoltaic power optimization system also includes a fault location module 10. The fault location module 10 includes a fifth microprocessor 10-1 and a third communication unit. The fifth microprocessor 10-1 is connected with the fourth microprocessor 7-1 for receiving the fault type information output by the fourth microprocessor 7-1 and calculating the fault location of the photovoltaic module. The fifth microprocessor 10-1 transmits data with the fault information display module 9 through the third communication unit.

[0072] Through the implementation of the above photovoltaic power optimization system, a cooperative working relationship between the fault location module 10 and the fault diagnosis and prediction module 7 is established in the photovoltaic system. After the fifth microprocessor 10-1 receives the fault type information output by the fourth microprocessor 7-1 of the fault diagnosis and prediction module 7, it begins to perform further data processing, which usually involves in-depth analysis of the operating parameters of the photovoltaic components, historical data, and other factors that may affect the fault location. Based on the received fault type information and processed data, the fifth microprocessor 10-1 calculates the specific location or area where the fault occurs, including determining which part of the photovoltaic component, such as the panel, cable, inverter, etc. The principle is that the fifth microprocessor 10-1 uses the information provided by the fault diagnosis and prediction module 7, combined with other sensor data such as temperature, current, voltage, etc. for data fusion. A specific method is applied to analyze the data to determine the relative position of the fault. The fifth microprocessor 10-1 needs to format or encode the fault location information calculated by the fault location module 10 for easy transmission. The third communication unit acts as an intermediary and is responsible for transmitting the data prepared by the fifth microprocessor 10-1 to the fault information display module 9 through a physical communication medium (such as wired or wireless network). The fault information display module 9 receives data from the third communication unit through its communication interface and converts it into visual information such as text, charts, warning icons, etc. through parsing to display to the operator or maintenance personnel.

[0073] Further, the fault information display module 9 includes a liquid crystal display screen 9-1 and / or LED indicator light 9-2. The second microprocessor transmits data to the liquid crystal display screen 9-1 and / or LED indicator light 9-2 through the first communication unit, and the fifth microprocessor 10-1 transmits data to the liquid crystal display screen 9-1 and / or LED indicator light 9-2 through the third communication unit.

[0074] Through the implementation of the above photovoltaic power optimization system, the liquid crystal display screen 9-1 and / or LED indicator light 9-2 can display information from multiple microprocessors simultaneously, allowing the operator to obtain all relevant fault information in a unified interface. At the same time, the liquid crystal display screen 9-1 can display more complex information such as graphics, charts, and text, while the LED indicator light 9-2 is suitable for simple status indication. This combination allows the system to choose the most appropriate display method according to different needs. For example: the liquid crystal display screen 9-1 provides an intuitive user interface, allowing the operator to easily read and understand fault information; the LED indicator light 9-2 can quickly convey the type and severity of the fault through color and flashing patterns.

[0075] Further, looking back Figure 2, the photovoltaic power optimization system further comprises an environment perception module 11. The environment perception module 11 comprises a light sensor 11-1 and a second temperature sensor 11-2. The light sensor 11-1 and the second temperature sensor 11-2 are electrically connected to the MMPT control module, respectively, for the MMPT control module to determine the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module in cooperation with the working parameters after receiving the light parameters and temperature parameters of the environment where the photovoltaic module is located.

[0076] Through the implementation of the above photovoltaic power optimization system, the light intensity and temperature of the environment where the photovoltaic module is located are monitored in real time, so that the MMPT control module can more accurately track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module, thereby optimizing the output power of the photovoltaic module. That is, the environment perception module 11 allows the MMPT control module to dynamically adjust the working parameters of the photovoltaic module according to the environmental conditions, so as to provide necessary input parameters for the MPPT algorithm and ensure that the photovoltaic system always operates in the best state.

[0077] Further, referring back to Figure 4 , the photovoltaic power optimization system further comprises a safety protection module 12. The safety protection module 12 comprises an overcurrent protection unit, an overvoltage protection unit and a short circuit protection unit. The control end of the overcurrent protection unit, the overvoltage protection unit and the short circuit protection unit is connected with the output end of the main control module 2, respectively, for detecting the output signal of the main control module 2 and triggering the corresponding overcurrent protection unit, overvoltage protection unit and short circuit protection unit according to the detected output signal.

[0078] Through the implementation of the above photovoltaic power optimization system, the overcurrent protection unit can quickly disconnect the circuit when the current exceeds the safety threshold, preventing overheating of the wire or damage to the equipment. The overvoltage protection unit disconnects the circuit when the voltage is too high, preventing the equipment from being damaged due to overvoltage, and protecting the system from the influence of power grid fluctuations. The short circuit protection unit immediately disconnects the circuit when a short circuit occurs, preventing a fire or equipment burnout caused by excessive current. By monitoring the current, voltage and short circuit in real time, the safety protection module 12 can respond in time before potential damage occurs and can quickly cut off the circuit to protect the photovoltaic module from damage.

[0079] Preferably, the output end of the main control module 2 is connected to the control end of each protection unit through a logic circuit (such as a relay drive circuit), and each protection unit works as follows:

[0080] The principle of overcurrent protection unit: an electric current sensor is used to detect the input current through the photovoltaic module. The output signal of the current sensor is usually an analog signal, which needs to be amplified by an amplifier or operational amplifier for subsequent processing. The amplified signal is sent to a comparator, which compares the signal with a preset overcurrent threshold. If the current exceeds the threshold, the main control module 2 outputs a level signal, which is connected to the control end of the overcurrent protection unit to trigger the action of the protection unit, such as activating a relay or circuit breaker to cut off the circuit.

[0081] The principle of overvoltage protection unit: a voltage sensor is used to detect the voltage in the photovoltaic module. The output signal of the voltage sensor needs to be amplified by an amplifier. The amplified signal is sent to a comparator, which compares the signal with a preset overvoltage threshold. If the voltage exceeds the threshold, the main control module 2 outputs a level signal. This level signal is connected to the control end of the overvoltage protection unit to trigger the action of the protection unit to cut off the circuit.

[0082] The principle of short-circuit protection unit: short-circuit is detected by monitoring the change of current. If short-circuit is detected, the main control module 2 outputs a level signal. This level signal is connected to the control end of the short-circuit protection unit to trigger the action of the protection unit to cut off the circuit.

[0083] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalent ones; all these modifications and replacements shall fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power optimization system, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power optimization system includes: The data acquisition module is connected to the input terminal of the photovoltaic module and is used to collect the operating parameters of the photovoltaic module. The main control module, electrically connected to the data acquisition module, is used to receive and allocate the operating parameters; The MMPT control module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and is used to receive the operating parameters and determine the operating status information of the photovoltaic module. The MMPT control module is also connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic module and is used to dynamically adjust the operating parameters to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module. The real-time monitoring module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and the MMPT control module respectively, and is used to acquire and integrate the working parameters and the working status information in real time. An alarm module, electrically connected to the real-time monitoring module, is used to trigger an alarm in response to abnormalities indicated by the working parameters and / or faults indicated by the working status information. The blocking module is electrically connected to the output terminals of the MMPT control module and the photovoltaic module, respectively, and is used to cut off the output of the photovoltaic module after responding to the working status information indicating a fault. The fault diagnosis and prediction module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and the MMPT control module, respectively, and is used to receive the working parameters and diagnose the fault type of the photovoltaic module after responding to the working status information characterizing the fault. The storage module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module, the MMPT control module, the real-time monitoring module, and the blocking module, respectively, and is used to acquire and store the output data of each module.

2. The photovoltaic power optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes: A current sensor is electrically connected to the input terminal of the photovoltaic module and the main control module, respectively, and is used to collect the input current of the photovoltaic module; A voltage sensor is electrically connected to the input terminal of the photovoltaic module and the main control module, respectively, and is used to collect the input voltage of the photovoltaic module; The first temperature sensor is electrically connected to the input terminal of the photovoltaic module and the main control module, respectively, and is used to collect the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module. The first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) has its analog signal input terminal electrically connected to the current sensor, the voltage sensor, and the first temperature sensor, respectively, and its digital signal output terminal connected to the MMPT control module, the real-time monitoring module, the fault diagnosis and prediction module, and the storage module, respectively.

3. The photovoltaic power optimization system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The MMPT control module includes a second analog-to-digital converter, a first microprocessor, and a pulse width modulation signal generator. The analog signal input terminal of the second analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the current sensor, the voltage sensor and the first temperature sensor respectively. The first microprocessor is connected to the digital signal output terminal of the second analog-to-digital converter and is used to determine the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module according to the operating parameters and to determine the operating status of the photovoltaic module. The first microprocessor is also connected to the storage module. The input terminal of the pulse width modulation signal generator is connected to the first microprocessor and is used to generate a pulse width modulation signal based on the determined maximum power point. The pulse width modulation signal generator is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic module.

4. The photovoltaic power optimization system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The blocking module includes a relay and / or an electronic switch, and a second microprocessor. The control terminal of the relay and / or the electronic switch is connected to the first microprocessor, and the working terminal of the relay and / or the electronic switch is electrically connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic module. It is used to trigger the relay and / or the electronic switch to cut off the output of the photovoltaic module after the first microprocessor determines a malfunction. The second microprocessor is connected to the working terminal of the relay and / or the electronic switch to acquire the execution information of the relay and / or the electronic switch, and the second microprocessor is connected to the storage module.

5. The photovoltaic power optimization system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring module includes a third microprocessor and a first communication unit. The third microprocessor is connected to the digital signal output terminal of the first analog-to-digital converter and the first microprocessor, respectively, and is used to receive and integrate the working status information and the corresponding working parameters. The photovoltaic power optimization system also includes a fault information display module. The third microprocessor transmits data with the fault information display module through the first communication unit, and the third microprocessor is connected to the storage module. The alarm module includes a buzzer and / or an audible and visual alarm, the buzzer and / or the audible and visual alarm being connected to the third microprocessor, and the buzzer and / or the audible and visual alarm being connected to the main control module.

6. The photovoltaic power optimization system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fault diagnosis and prediction module includes a fourth microprocessor and a second communication unit. The fourth microprocessor is connected to the digital signal output terminal of the first analog-to-digital converter and the first microprocessor, respectively. It is used to receive the working parameters after responding to the working status information to characterize the fault, and compare the working parameters with preset historical fault data to determine the fault type of the photovoltaic module. The fourth microprocessor transmits data with the main control module through the second communication unit.

7. The photovoltaic power optimization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power optimization system also includes a fault location module, which includes a fifth microprocessor and a third communication unit. The fifth microprocessor is connected to the fourth microprocessor and is used to receive fault type information output by the fourth microprocessor and calculate the fault location of the photovoltaic module. The fifth microprocessor transmits data with the fault information display module through the third communication unit.

8. The photovoltaic power optimization system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fault information display module includes an LCD screen and / or LED indicator lights. The second microprocessor transmits data with the LCD screen and / or LED indicator lights through the first communication unit, and the fifth microprocessor transmits data with the LCD screen and / or LED indicator lights through the third communication unit.

9. The photovoltaic power optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power optimization system also includes an environmental sensing module, which includes a light sensor and a second temperature sensor. The light sensor and the second temperature sensor are electrically connected to the MMPT control module, respectively. After receiving the light and temperature parameters of the environment where the photovoltaic module is located, the MMPT control module, in conjunction with the operating parameters, determines the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module.

10. The photovoltaic power optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power optimization system also includes a safety protection module, which includes an overcurrent protection unit, an overvoltage protection unit, and a short-circuit protection unit. The control terminals of the overcurrent protection unit, the overvoltage protection unit, and the short-circuit protection unit are respectively connected to the output terminal of the main control module, and are used to detect the output signal of the main control module, and trigger the corresponding overcurrent protection unit, the overvoltage protection unit, and the short-circuit protection unit according to the detected output signal.

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