Reverse connection protection circuit for battery charging and discharging power module

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By designing a reverse connection protection circuit that includes transistors and diodes, the problem of insufficient hardware protection in the battery charging and discharging module is solved, and current protection is achieved when the battery is connected in reverse, ensuring the safety and reliability of the circuit.

CN223693702UActive Publication Date: 2025-12-19SUZHOU MAIDAO ENERGY TECH CO LTD

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Patent Information

Application Number: CN202520008474.4
Authority / Receiving Office: CN · China
Patent Type: Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date: 2025-01-03
Publication Date: 2025-12-19
Estimated Expiration: 2035-01-03

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In the existing technology, the battery charging and discharging module lacks a complete reverse connection protection circuit at the hardware level, which leads to problems such as component burnout and circuit board short circuit, and the software control response is slow.

Method used

A reverse connection protection circuit including multiple transistors and diodes was designed. By combining a relay-controlled power supply and a reverse connection protection diode, hardware protection for the charging and discharging circuits is achieved, ensuring that no reverse current is generated when the battery is connected in reverse.

Benefits of technology

It effectively prevents reverse current flow when the battery is connected in reverse, protects the circuit board from damage, and improves the reliability and safety of the battery charging and discharging process.

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Abstract

The utility model relates to a reverse connection protection circuit for a battery charging and discharging power module, which comprises a charging control signal and a discharging control signal, and is characterized in that the charging control signal is respectively connected with a first resistor, a base electrode of a first triode and a collector electrode of a third triode; the collector electrode of the first triode is connected with the second resistor and the emitter is connected with the anode of the second diode. The other ends of the first resistor and the second resistor are connected with the cathode of the first diode; the anode of the first diode is connected with a first relay control power supply; the cathode of the second diode is connected with the base of the second triode; the collector of the second triode is connected with the other end of the first relay control power supply, and the emitter is connected with the charging power tube group; the base of the third triode is grounded through a third resistor, and the emitter is connected with the anode of a third diode; the charging power tube group is respectively connected with the first relay control power supply, the second relay control power supply and the battery. Reverse connection protection of the battery is effectively achieved.

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Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a reverse connection protection circuit for battery charging and discharging power module. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of new energy science and technology, the battery is the mainstream rechargeable battery on the market, has the advantages such as recycling, fast charging speed, and can be combined by different battery modules to be used as mobile phone battery, new energy power battery and the like, and plays an important role in our life.

[0003] At present, many battery products rarely have hardware protection circuit, and usually realize the turn-off of the front-end power tube by software control battery reverse connection voltage sampling, so as to protect the charging and discharging interface circuit of the battery. It has the following disadvantages: 1. Slow response of software control; 2. Lack of corresponding protection circuit may cause direct burning of components and circuit board. A few products that protect the charging and discharging interface circuit of the battery from the hardware level generally only have simple reverse connection protection function.

[0004] However, since the lithium power channel of the battery charging and discharging circuit and the battery end do not have perfect enable control or protection function, lack reverse connection clamping protection, and the charging power circuit and the battery end voltage are not matched, it will cause inaccurate lithium charging and discharging capacity measurement, battery back-priming current and other problems, and even cause short circuit and damage the circuit board in serious cases. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing a reverse connection protection circuit for battery charging and discharging power module, which effectively achieves the reverse connection protection of the battery.

[0006] The technical scheme for achieving the above-mentioned purpose is as follows:

[0007] A reverse connection protection circuit for battery charging and discharging power module, comprising: a charging control signal and a discharging control signal,

[0008] The charging control signal is connected to the base of the first transistor and the collector of the third transistor, respectively.

[0009] The collector of the first transistor is connected to the second resistor, and the emitter is connected to the anode of the second diode.

[0010] The other end of the first resistor and the second resistor is connected to the cathode of the first diode.

[0011] The anode of the first diode is connected to the first relay control power supply.

[0012] The cathode of the second diode is connected to the base of the second transistor.

[0013] The collector of the second triode is connected to the other end of the first relay control power source, and the emitter is connected to the charging power tube group;

[0014] The base of the third triode is connected to the third resistor, and the emitter is connected to the anode of the third diode;

[0015] The charging power tube group is respectively connected to the first relay control power source, the second relay control power source and the battery;

[0016] The discharge control signal is respectively connected to the fourth resistor and the base of the fourth triode;

[0017] The collector of the fourth triode is connected to the fifth resistor, and the emitter is connected to the anode of the fifth diode;

[0018] The cathode of the third diode, the other end of the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor are all connected to the cathode of the fourth diode;

[0019] The anode of the fourth diode is connected to the second relay control power source;

[0020] The cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the base of the fifth triode;

[0021] The collector and the emitter of the fifth triode are both connected to the discharge power tube group;

[0022] The other end of the discharge power tube group is connected to the positive pole of the first relay control power source, the second relay control power source and the battery;

[0023] The other end of the discharge power tube group and the negative pole of the battery are grounded.

[0024] Preferably, the charging power tube group comprises a plurality of first charging power resistors,

[0025] The emitter of the second triode is respectively connected to a plurality of the first charging power resistors;

[0026] The other end of each of the first charging power resistors is respectively connected to the base of a charging power triode;

[0027] The collector of each of the charging power triodes is connected to the first relay control power source;

[0028] The emitter of each of the charging power triodes is respectively connected to the anode of a charging power diode;

[0029] The cathode of each of the charging power diodes is respectively connected to a second charging power resistor;

[0030] The other end of each of the second charging power resistors is respectively connected to the positive pole of the second relay control power source and the battery.

[0031] Preferably, the discharge power tube group comprises a plurality of first discharge power resistors,

[0032] The collector of the fifth triode is connected to the collector of the first discharge power triode.

[0033] The emitter of the fifth triode is connected to the plurality of first discharge power resistors respectively.

[0034] The other end of each of the first discharge power resistors is connected to the base of the discharge power triode respectively.

[0035] The collector of each of the discharge power triodes is connected to the cathode of the discharge power diode respectively.

[0036] The anode of each of the discharge power diodes is connected to the positive pole of the second relay control power supply and the battery respectively.

[0037] The emitter of each of the discharge power triodes is connected to the ground through a second discharge power resistor.

[0038] The utility model discloses a charging and discharging circuit, the power supply of the first stage drive circuit is supplied in the power failure time through the first relay control power supply and the second relay control power supply and is disconnected in the power time, and the battery is prevented from being connected reversely to cause the current backflow through the one-way conduction characteristic of the first diode and the fourth diode, and the protection diode of each emitter in the charging power tube group of the charging circuit is connected, that is, the charging power diode, and the output of the first triode of the first stage drive is added to the next stage drive of the protection diode, that is, the second diode, and the protection diode of each base in the discharge power tube group of the discharging circuit is connected, that is, the discharge power diode, and the output of the fourth triode of the first stage drive is added to the next stage drive of the protection diode, that is, the fifth diode D5, thereby achieving the protection effect when the battery is connected reversely. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is the circuit diagram of the reverse connection protection circuit for the battery charging and discharging power module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solutions of the utility model will be described clearly and completely in connection with the drawings. In the description of the utility model, it needs to be indicated that the orientation or position relation indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like is based on the orientation or position relation shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the importance of the opposite.

[0041] The utility model will be further described in connection with the drawings.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, a reverse connection protection circuit for battery charging and discharging power module, include: charging control signal and discharging control signal, charging control signal connects first resistance R1, first triode Q1's base, third triode Q3's collector respectively;First triode Q1's collector connects second resistance R2, emitter connects the anode of second diode D2;The other end of first resistance R1 and second resistance R2 connects the cathode of first diode D1;The anode of first diode D1 connects first relay control power supply VR;The cathode of second diode D2 connects the base of second triode Q2;Second triode Q2's collector connects the other end of first relay control power supply VR, emitter connects charging power tube group;The base of third triode Q3 connects ground through third resistance R3, emitter connects the anode of third diode D3;Charging power tube group connects first relay control power supply VR, second relay control power supply VBAT and battery B respectively;Discharging control signal connects fourth resistance R4 and the base of fourth triode Q4 respectively;Fourth triode Q4's collector connects fifth resistance R5, emitter connects the anode of fifth diode D5;The cathode of third diode D3, fourth resistance R4 and fifth resistance R5 all connect the cathode of fourth diode D4;The anode of fourth diode D4 connects second relay control power supply VBAT;The cathode of fifth diode D5 connects the base of fifth triode Q5;Fifth triode Q5's collector and emitter all connect discharging power tube group;The other end of discharging power tube group connects the positive pole of first relay control power supply VR, second relay control power supply VBAT and battery B;The other end of discharging power tube group and the negative pole of battery B connect ground.

[0043] In the embodiment, the charging power tube group comprises a plurality of first charging power resistors Rc, the emitter of the second triode Q2 is connected to the plurality of first charging power resistors Rc respectively; the other end of each first charging power resistor Rc is connected to the base of a charging power triode Qc respectively; the collector of each charging power triode Qc is connected to the first relay control power VR; the emitter of each charging power triode Qc is connected to the anode of a charging power diode Dc respectively; the cathode of each charging power diode Dc is connected to a second charging power resistor Rp respectively; the other end of each second charging power resistor Rp is connected to the second relay control power VBAT and the positive pole of the battery B respectively.

[0044] The charging control signal drives the following charging power tube group by regulating the voltage of the base of the first triode Q1 and passing through the second triode Q2, so as to charge the battery; the consistency of the charging power tube group is required to be relatively high (the amplification factor is preferably the same), but it is actually impossible, therefore, in the design, the first charging power resistor Rc is added to the base of each charging power triode Qc, and the second charging power resistor Rp is added to the emitter, so as to control the current balance, so that the current passing through the charging power tube group is basically consistent, and the reliable operation of the charging circuit is achieved.

[0045] In the embodiment, the discharging power tube group comprises a plurality of first discharging power resistors Rf, the collector of the fifth triode Q5 is connected to the collector of a first discharging power triode Qf; the emitter of the fifth triode Q5 is connected to the plurality of first discharging power resistors Rf respectively; the other end of each first discharging power resistor Rf is connected to the base of a discharging power triode Qf respectively; the collector of each discharging power triode Qf is connected to the cathode of a discharging power diode Df respectively; the anode of each discharging power diode Df is connected to the second relay control power VBAT and the positive pole of the battery B respectively; the emitter of each discharging power triode Qf is connected to the ground through a second discharging power resistor Rl.

[0046] The discharging control signal drives the following discharging power tube group by regulating the voltage of the base of the fourth triode Q4 and passing through the fifth triode Q5, so as to discharge the battery; the consistency of the discharging power tube group is required to be relatively high (the amplification factor is preferably the same), but it is actually impossible, therefore, in the design, the first discharging power resistor Rf is added to the base of each discharging power triode Qf, and the second discharging power resistor Rl is added to the emitter, so as to control the current balance, so that the current passing through the discharging power tube group is basically consistent, and the reliable operation of the discharging circuit is achieved.

[0047] The charging output and the discharging output are combined organically by the combination of the charging power diodes Dc and the discharging power diodes Df; the discharging circuit is not operated when charging, and vice versa, the charging circuit is not operated when discharging, without the need of relay or contactor switching.

[0048] The power supply of the charging and discharging circuit and the power supply of the first-stage driving circuit are controlled by the first relay VR and the second relay VBAT to be disconnected when power is off, and to be supplied when power is on, and the reverse connection of the battery is prevented by the one-way conduction characteristics of the first diode D1 and the fourth diode D4 to prevent current backflow, and the protection diodes against reverse connection, i.e. the charging power diodes Dc, are connected to the emitters of the charging power transistor group, and the protection diodes against reverse connection, i.e. the second diode D2, are connected to the output of the first-stage driving transistor Q1; the protection diodes against reverse connection, i.e. the discharging power diodes Df, are connected to the bases of the discharging power transistor group, and the protection diodes against reverse connection, i.e. the fifth diode D5, are connected to the output of the fourth-stage driving transistor Q4; thus, the protection effect of the reverse connection of the battery is achieved.

[0049] In order to further achieve the reliable protection effect, the special protection circuit composed of the third transistor Q3, the third resistor R3 and the third diode D3 is designed, when the battery is reversely connected, the emitter of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery B through the third diode D3, and the base is connected to the positive electrode of the battery B through the third resistor R3, so that the third transistor Q3 is in saturated conduction state, and the base level of the first-stage driving transistor Q1 of the charging pre-stage driving transistor is only the forward voltage drop 0.7V of the third diode D3, so that the charging driving transistor is reliably ensured to be in the closed state without charging current output; the reverse connection protection of the battery is effectively achieved.

[0050] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit the present application; although the present application is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the above embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced equivalently; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A reverse connection protection circuit for a battery charge-discharge power module, characterized by, The application relates to a charging and discharging control circuit, comprising: a charging control signal and a discharging control signal, the charging control signal is connected with the first resistor (R1), the base of the first transistor (Q1) and the collector of the third transistor (Q3) respectively; the collector of the first transistor (Q1) is connected with the second resistor (R2), and the emitter is connected with the anode of the second diode (D2); the other end of the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2) is connected with the cathode of the first diode (D1); the anode of the first diode (D1) is connected with the first relay control power supply (VR); the cathode of the second diode (D2) is connected with the base of the second transistor (Q2); the collector of the second transistor (Q2) is connected with the other end of the first relay control power supply (VR), and the emitter is connected with the charging power tube group; the base of the third transistor (Q3) is connected with the ground through the third resistor (R3), and the emitter is connected with the anode of the third diode (D3); the charging power tube group is connected with the first relay control power supply (VR), the second relay control power supply (VBAT) and the battery (B) respectively; the discharging control signal is connected with the fourth resistor (R4) and the base of the fourth transistor (Q4) respectively; the collector of the fourth transistor (Q4) is connected with the fifth resistor (R5), and the emitter is connected with the anode of the fifth diode (D5); the cathode of the third diode (D3), the fourth resistor (R4) and the other end of the fifth resistor (R5) are all connected with the cathode of the fourth diode (D4); the anode of the fourth diode (D4) is connected with the second relay control power supply (VBAT); the cathode of the fifth diode (D5) is connected with the base of the fifth transistor (Q5); the collector and the emitter of the fifth transistor (Q5) are both connected with the discharging power tube group; the other end of the discharging power tube group is connected with the first relay control power supply (VR), the second relay control power supply (VBAT) and the positive pole of the battery (B); the other end of the discharging power tube group and the negative pole of the battery (B) are grounded.

2. The reverse connection protection circuit for a battery charge-discharge power module according to claim 1, wherein the charging power tube group comprises a plurality of first charging power resistors (Rc), the emitter of the second transistor (Q2) is connected with a plurality of the first charging power resistors (Rc) respectively; the other end of each of the first charging power resistors (Rc) is connected with the base of a charging power transistor (Qc) respectively; the collector of each of the charging power transistors (Qc) is connected with the first relay control power supply (VR); the emitter of each of the charging power transistors (Qc) is connected with the anode of a charging power diode (Dc) respectively; the cathode of each of the charging power diodes (Dc) is connected with a second charging power resistor (Rp) respectively; the other end of each of the second charging power resistors (Rp) is connected with the positive pole of the second relay control power supply (VBAT) and the battery (B) respectively.

3. The reverse connection protection circuit for battery charge-discharge power module according to claim 1, characterized in that, the discharging power tube group comprises a plurality of first discharging power resistors (Rf), the collector of the fifth transistor (Q5) is connected with the collector of the first discharging power transistor (Qf); The emitter of the fifth triode (Q5) is connected with a plurality of first discharge power resistors (Rf) respectively; The other end of each of the first discharge power resistors (Rf) is connected with the base of one of the discharge power triodes (Qf) respectively; The collector of each of the discharge power triodes (Qf) is connected with the cathode of one of the discharge power diodes (Df) respectively; The anode of each of the discharge power diodes (Df) is connected with the positive pole of the second relay control power supply (VBAT) and the battery (B) respectively; The emitter of each of the discharge power triodes (Qf) is grounded through a second discharge power resistor (Rl).