Photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling device and system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling device and a photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system, which comprise a photo-thermal reflecting mirror, a semitransparent photovoltaic cell, a telescopic adjusting mechanism and a telescopic adjusting upright post, one or more vertexes of the photo-thermal reflecting mirror are rotationally connected with the semitransparent photovoltaic cell through the telescopic adjusting mechanism, one end of the telescopic adjusting stand column is rotationally connected with a foundation, and the other end of the telescopic adjusting stand column is rotationally connected with the photo-thermal reflecting mirror. The photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling device can manually or electrically adjust the relative position and angle of the photovoltaic cell and the photo-thermal reflecting mirror according to meteorological data, intelligent operation and maintenance data, sunlight intensity and solar azimuth information, so that sunlight is incident to the semitransparent photovoltaic cell at the optimal angle, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency is maximized, and the energy consumption is reduced. And meanwhile, it is ensured that the photo-thermal reflector is located at the optimal reflection angle, so that the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to solar energy utilization technical field especially is related to a photovoltaic-thermal coupling device and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Among numerous clean energy options, solar energy is considered as an indispensable important pillar in future energy structure due to its almost unlimited resource reserves and significant environmental advantages. Although photovoltaic technology and photothermal technology have made remarkable progress, the existing solar energy utilization system still generally has key problems such as low efficiency and poor environmental adaptability, which seriously hinders the large-scale commercialization and deep application of solar energy technology.

[0003] Traditionally, photovoltaic power generation systems and photothermal conversion systems are two independent solar energy utilization methods, each showing different characteristics in energy conversion. However, due to the failure of the two to work effectively together, the overall energy utilization efficiency is far from the optimal level in theory. In order to overcome this limitation, photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems have emerged, which innovatively combine photovoltaic cells with photothermal heat collecting units, realizing dual functions of photoelectric and photothermal conversion, thus theoretically having higher energy utilization efficiency and wider application potential.

[0004] However, photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems still face a series of challenges in actual application. First, the light energy utilization efficiency of the system is significantly affected by the angle of solar radiation. The traditional fixed or simply adjusted structure design cannot realize accurate tracking of the solar motion trajectory, resulting in the incident angle of the photovoltaic cell often deviating from the optimal state, and thus causing the decline of photoelectric conversion efficiency. At the same time, the light energy not effectively utilized by the photovoltaic cell is also difficult to be efficiently converted into heat energy by the photothermal heat collecting unit, thus affecting the overall performance of the system.

[0005] Secondly, the complex and variable geographical and climatic environment poses a severe challenge to the adaptability of photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems. In high-altitude and strong wind areas, the system may face the problem of insufficient stability; in weather-varying or cloudy environments, the system is difficult to effectively capture and utilize scattered light, further reducing the utilization rate of solar energy. In addition, the system exposed to the outdoors for a long time is also susceptible to the influence of dust deposition, pollutant attachment, and environmental corrosion, which not only increases the operation and maintenance cost of the system, but also poses a serious threat to its long-term reliability and service life.

[0006] In view of this, the utility model is proposed. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0007] The utility model discloses a photovoltaic-thermal coupling device and system, the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device of the utility model can be manually or electrically adjusted the relative position and angle of photovoltaic cell and light heat reflector according to meteorological data, intelligent operation and maintenance data, sunshine intensity and solar azimuth information, thereby making sunlight incident to the translucent photovoltaic cell with optimal angle, maximizing photovoltaic conversion efficiency, and guaranteeing light heat reflector at the best reflection angle to improve light heat conversion efficiency.

[0008] In a first aspect, the utility model provides a photovoltaic-thermal coupling device, including light heat reflector, translucent photovoltaic cell, telescopic adjusting mechanism and telescopic adjusting stand,

[0009] One or more vertexes of the light heat reflector are rotatably connected to the translucent photovoltaic cell through the telescopic adjusting mechanism, one end of the telescopic adjusting stand is rotatably connected to the foundation, and the other end is rotatably connected to the light heat reflector.

[0010] As the preferred technical solution, the telescopic adjusting mechanism includes one or more telescopic adjusting arms and a plurality of connecting pieces, and any end of the telescopic adjusting arm is rotatably connected to the light heat reflector or the translucent photovoltaic cell through the connecting piece.

[0011] As the preferred technical solution, the connecting piece is provided with a flexible buffer layer at the connection with the light heat reflector and the translucent photovoltaic cell.

[0012] The flexible buffer layer includes any one of rubber, silicone gasket and polyurethane foam.

[0013] As the preferred technical solution, the connecting piece is a spherical hinge connector, a rotary connector or an elastic connector.

[0014] As the preferred technical solution, the telescopic adjusting stand includes a telescopic stand body and a joint connector rotatably arranged at one end or both ends of the telescopic stand body.

[0015] One end of the telescopic stand body is rotatably connected to the light heat reflector through the joint connector, and the other end is rotatably connected to the foundation through another joint connector.

[0016] Or any end of the telescopic stand body is rotatably connected to the light heat reflector or the foundation through the joint connector.

[0017] As the preferred technical solution, the telescopic adjusting arm and the telescopic stand body are both provided with self-lubricating telescopic guide rails.

[0018] As the technical scheme is preferably, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell comprises a first base layer, a first transparent electrode, a first transport layer, a light absorption layer, a second transport layer, a second transparent electrode, an encapsulation layer and an anti-reflection layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

[0019] As the technical scheme is preferably, an interface modification layer is arranged between the first transparent electrode and the first transport layer, between the first transport layer and the light absorption layer, between the light absorption layer and the second transport layer and / or between the second transport layer and the second transparent electrode.

[0020] As the technical scheme is preferably, the light-heat mirror comprises an anti-corrosion paint layer, a second base layer, a reflective film layer and a glass layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

[0021] As the technical scheme is preferably, the encapsulation layer is a self-cleaning encapsulation layer, and the glass layer is a self-cleaning glass layer.

[0022] In a second aspect, the utility model discloses a photovoltaic-thermal coupling system comprising the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device, for example, a thermal power station, including tower type, trough type, dish type and Fresnel type, etc.

[0023] The photovoltaic-thermal coupling device has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The photovoltaic-thermal coupling device comprises a light-heat reflecting mirror, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, a telescopic adjusting mechanism and a telescopic adjusting stand, one or more vertices of the light-heat reflecting mirror are rotationally connected with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through the telescopic adjusting mechanism, that is, one vertex of the light-heat reflecting mirror is rotationally connected with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through the telescopic adjusting mechanism, and the other vertices are directly rotationally connected with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, or a plurality of vertices of the light-heat reflecting mirror are respectively rotationally connected with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through the telescopic adjusting mechanism. One end of the telescopic adjusting stand is rotationally connected with a foundation, and the other end is rotationally connected with the light-heat reflecting mirror. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is responsible for photoelectric conversion and directly converts sunlight into electric energy, and the light-heat reflecting mirror reflects infrared light passing through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell to a heat collector, thereby being used for light-heat conversion. Through the combination structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the light-heat reflecting mirror, multi-band utilization of solar energy is realized. The telescopic adjusting mechanism is rotationally and telescopically arranged between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the light-heat reflecting mirror, and provides multiple degrees of freedom adjustment for the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, so that different geographical positions and climate conditions can be adapted, and the best energy utilization efficiency is realized. The telescopic adjusting stand is arranged at the bottom of the whole device, supports the light-heat reflecting mirror and the telescopic adjusting mechanism, and provides solid support for the whole system. Meanwhile, the telescopic adjusting stand has bidirectional telescopic and rotational adjusting functions, cooperates with the telescopic adjusting mechanism between the light-heat reflecting mirror and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, and can jointly adjust the distance and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device from the ground, so that the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device is adjusted in all directions, and the energy utilization efficiency of sunlight is significantly improved.

[0025] Therefore, the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device can manually or electrically adjust the relative position and angle of the photovoltaic cell and the light-heat reflecting mirror according to meteorological data, intelligent operation and maintenance data, sunshine intensity and solar azimuth angle information, so that different sunshine conditions can be adapted, sunlight can be incident to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell at the optimal angle, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency is maximized, the light-heat reflecting mirror is ensured to be at the optimal reflection angle, and the light-heat conversion efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the specific embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0027] Figure 1 The structure of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2Structure diagram of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 3 Structure diagram of the telescopic adjusting mechanism

[0030] Figure 4 Structure diagram of the elastic connector

[0031] Figure 5 Structure diagram of the spring-loaded quick connector

[0032] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the telescopic adjusting column.

[0033] Explanation of reference signs:

[0034] 1: light-heat reflecting mirror; 2: semi-transparent photovoltaic cell; 3: telescopic adjusting mechanism; 4: telescopic adjusting column; 5: heat collector; 6: telescopic adjusting arm; 7: telescopic guide rail; 8: buckle; 9: connecting piece; 10: telescopic column body; 11: joint connector; 12: high-elasticity material; 13: metal reinforcing frame; 14: spring; 15: movable end; 16: fixed end; 17: spherical hinge; 18: position limiter; 19: locking button; 20: self-adaptive spherical seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the present application.

[0036] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figures 1-6 As shown, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic-thermal coupling device, including a photovoltaic-thermal reflector 1, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, a telescopic adjustment mechanism 3, and a telescopic adjustment column 4.

[0040] In this configuration, one or more vertices of the photothermal reflector 1 are rotatably connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 via the telescopic adjustment mechanism 3, and one end of the telescopic adjustment column 4 is rotatably connected to the foundation, while the other end is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector 1.

[0041] The photovoltaic-photothermal coupling device in the embodiment includes a photothermal mirror 1, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, a telescopic adjusting mechanism 3, and a telescopic adjusting column 4. One or more vertices of the photothermal mirror 1 are rotationally connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 through the telescopic adjusting mechanism 3, that is, one vertex of the photothermal mirror 1 is rotationally connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 through the telescopic adjusting mechanism 3, and the other vertices are directly rotationally connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, or multiple vertices of the photothermal mirror 1 are respectively rotationally connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 through the telescopic adjusting mechanism 3. One end of the telescopic adjusting column 4 is rotationally connected to a foundation, and the other end is rotationally connected to the photothermal mirror 1. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is responsible for photoelectric conversion, directly converting sunlight into electrical energy, and the photothermal mirror 1 reflects infrared light that passes through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to a heat collector 5, thereby being used for photothermal conversion. Through the design of the combined structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal mirror 1, multi-band utilization of solar energy is achieved. The telescopic adjusting mechanism 3 is rotationally and telescopically arranged between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal mirror 1, providing multiple degrees of freedom for the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, so it can adapt to different geographical locations and climate conditions, achieving the best energy utilization efficiency. The telescopic adjusting column 4 is arranged at the bottom of the entire device, supporting the photothermal mirror 1 and the telescopic adjusting mechanism 3, providing solid support for the entire system. At the same time, the telescopic adjusting column 4 has a bidirectional telescopic and rotational adjusting function, cooperating with the telescopic adjusting mechanism 3 between the photothermal mirror 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, to jointly adjust the distance and inclination angle of the photovoltaic-photothermal coupling device from the ground, thereby achieving all-around adjustment of the photovoltaic-photothermal coupling device, and significantly improving the energy utilization efficiency of sunlight.

[0042] Therefore, the photovoltaic-photothermal coupling device of the embodiment can manually or electrically adjust the relative position and angle of the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal mirror 1 according to meteorological data, intelligent operation and maintenance data, sunshine intensity, and solar azimuth angle information, so as to adapt to different sunshine conditions, make sunlight incident to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 at the optimal angle, maximize the photovoltaic conversion efficiency, and ensure that the photothermal mirror 1 is at the optimal reflection angle to improve the photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0043] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the included angle adjustment range between the photothermal mirror 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is 0°-270°.

[0044] The telescopic adjusting mechanism 3 of the embodiment can realize the included angle adjustment range of 0°-270° between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal mirror 1, significantly improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy in the photovoltaic and photothermal fields, and having high adaptability, wind resistance, and long-term stability.

[0045] Based on the above technical solution, and further preferably, the retractable adjustment mechanism 3 of this utility model includes one or more retractable adjustment arms 6 and multiple connectors 9. The retractable adjustment arm 6 at any end is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector 1 or the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 through the connectors 9, and adjacent retractable adjustment arms 6 are rotatably connected to each other through the connectors 9.

[0046] The telescopic adjustable arm 6 can be designed in various forms according to application requirements and structural characteristics. Several connection methods include the following:

[0047] 1. Sleeve-type connection ( Figure 3 (Structure shown):

[0048] Telescopic extension is achieved by inserting a smaller diameter telescopic rod into a larger diameter outer tube. The rods are guided by telescopic guide rails 7 or sliders and equipped with locking mechanisms (such as spring pins, rotary buckles, or threaded locks) to fix the telescopic length. This method has a simple structure, is easy to install and disassemble, and is suitable for light-load scenarios.

[0049] 2. Gear and rack connection:

[0050] One end of the telescopic rod is designed as a rack and pinion structure, which meshes with a gear at the drive end. The rotation of the gear drives the rack to move axially, thereby achieving the extension and retraction of the rod. This method offers high transmission precision and is suitable for scenarios requiring precise adjustment.

[0051] 3. Threaded drive connection:

[0052] The telescopic rod is designed as a combination of a screw and a nut. The screw moves back and forth within the nut by rotating, achieving telescopic adjustment. It can be driven manually (via a knob or wrench) or electrically (via a motor). This method is suitable for stable connections under high load conditions, but the telescopic speed is relatively slow.

[0053] 4. Snap-on quick connection:

[0054] The telescopic rod features a spring-loaded latch or locking pin at its joint, which automatically engages in the locking position via elastic claws. To adjust, simply press the release button to unlock, allowing for free extension and retraction. This method is convenient and efficient, suitable for scenarios requiring frequent adjustments.

[0055] 5. Pneumatic / hydraulic drive connection:

[0056] An integrated pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder is used to automatically adjust the telescopic rod by changing air or hydraulic pressure. This method is suitable for high-precision, high-torque adjustment scenarios, features a self-locking function, and operates smoothly, but requires an external air source or hydraulic system.

[0057] 6. Magnetic connection:

[0058] At the docking position of the telescopic rod, a strong magnet or electromagnetic device is installed to achieve the connection and adjustment between the rod members through magnetic attraction. It is suitable for scenarios with lighter load and no need for frequent disassembly, and the operation is extremely simple.

[0059] 7. Pin shaft type hinge connection:

[0060] The pin shaft at the end of the telescopic adjusting arm 6 is hinged with the external support or base to realize the free rotation and telescopic adjustment of the fixed point. This method is commonly used in telescopic adjusting arms 6 that require angle adjustment.

[0061] The material of the telescopic adjusting arm 6 needs to have multiple characteristics, including lightweight, corrosion resistance, high strength, good weather resistance, and good guiding performance. Specifically, the following materials are included:

[0062] Aluminum alloy: lightweight, corrosion-resistant, high-strength, and good machinability, which can effectively reduce the weight of the system and improve the stability of the telescopic arm.

[0063] Stainless steel: excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, can maintain good performance in harsh environments (such as high temperature, high humidity, salt spray, etc.) for a long time.

[0064] Carbon fiber composite material: very high strength and rigidity, extremely light weight, can provide very good mechanical properties, and also has strong corrosion resistance, suitable for use in outdoor environments.

[0065] Titanium alloy: excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and high strength, suitable for use in extreme environments.

[0066] Glass fiber reinforced plastic: high strength and rigidity, corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and relatively low cost.

[0067] Polycarbonate: excellent toughness, impact resistance, and weather resistance, and high transparency (if needed), also has advantages in some applications that require transparency.

[0068] High-strength plastic: such as polyamide or polyethylene, which has high impact resistance and strength, and can be modified to improve its temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, suitable for applications with medium or low strength requirements.

[0069] According to the design requirements and working environment of the telescopic adjusting arm 6, the selection of materials can focus on lightweight (aluminum alloy, carbon fiber composite material), high strength (titanium alloy, stainless steel), corrosion resistance (stainless steel, titanium alloy), or cost-effectiveness (polycarbonate, polyethylene). Selecting the appropriate material can optimize the performance of the system and ensure long-term stable operation.

[0070] Among them, connector 9 is a ball joint connector, a rotary connector, or a flexible connector. Using a ball joint or multi-directional rotary connector can provide angle adjustment function in multiple dimensions.

[0071] Ball joint connectors consist of a ball nested in a fixed frame, allowing free rotation in both horizontal and vertical directions, with the angle fixed by a locking device (such as a threaded lock or snap-fit).

[0072] Multi-directional rotary connectors include dual-axis or tri-axis rotary structures, providing angle adjustment capabilities via gears or racks.

[0073] Flexible connectors are made of high-strength elastic materials (such as silicone and polyurethane) combined with corrosion-resistant metals (such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy), which can solve the connection stress problem caused by the thermal expansion of materials under high temperature conditions.

[0074] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the flexible connector features a double-layer design: an outer layer of highly elastic material 12 and an inner layer of metal reinforcing frame 13, ensuring both elasticity and strength. The portion of the flexible connector connected to the photovoltaic cell or photothermal reflector 1 is secured with bolts or clips 8. The bolts are made of corrosion-resistant titanium alloy or stainless steel and equipped with insulating gaskets to prevent electrochemical corrosion. The clips 8 can be adjustable for quick assembly and disassembly. Furthermore, both ends of the flexible connector are equipped with ball joints 17 or universal joints. On the outer side of the ball joints 17 or universal joints are movable ends 15 and fixed ends 16, respectively, giving the flexible connector a certain degree of angular freedom in three dimensions (e.g., ±15°). The movable end 15 is also covered with highly elastic material 12 to absorb environmental vibrations and external impacts, and internally contains shock-absorbing springs 14 or rubber pads to absorb the impact force of wind loads or mechanical movements, extending its service life. Limiters 18 are also provided outside the flexible connector's elastic range to prevent exceeding the safe movement range and causing system damage. During system operation, the flexible connector, through its elastic material and ball joint structure, allows relative displacement between the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 1 to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction as well as wind loads and mechanical vibrations.

[0075] For connector 9, materials with excellent weather resistance, corrosion resistance and strength are preferred to ensure stability during long-term use. These materials include aluminum alloys, stainless steel, and composite materials (such as glass fiber reinforced plastics).

[0076] This utility model does not strictly limit the specific connection method between the connector 9 and the photothermal reflector 1 or the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2. The following methods can be used:

[0077] Slot Connection: Design slots on the backsheet of photovoltaic cells, and match the buckles at the end of the connector. Adjust the length of the slot by sliding, achieve flexible adjustment of the relative position of photovoltaic cells, and finally use screws or locking devices to fix.

[0078] Magnetic Connection: Embed strong magnetic materials at the connection part of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the light-heat reflector 1. Use magnetic attraction to quickly connect and disassemble, and facilitate maintenance.

[0079] Bolted Connection: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is fixed by bolts with the connecting piece 9. The bolt position can be adjusted to achieve different angles. At this time, adjusting washers can be added to enhance the adjustment range and firmness.

[0080] Spring-loaded Quick Connection: Install a spring mechanism inside the connecting piece 9 to provide a resettable adjustment capability. Adjust the angle by rotating or pressing, and the spring 14 resets automatically after locking.

[0081] Spring-loaded quick connector has self-locking and quick disassembly function, not only can provide high strength connection, but also has flexibility and convenience, especially suitable for scenes that need frequent adjustment or replacement of components.

[0082] As shown in Figure 5 , the main structure of the spring-loaded quick connector adopts corrosion-resistant high-strength metal (such as stainless steel or titanium alloy) and high-performance engineering plastic (such as polyamide). The main body is in a cylindrical or clamping structure, consisting of a fixed end 16 and a movable end 15.

[0083] The spring-loaded mechanism of the spring-loaded quick connector is located inside the spring-loaded quick connector, which can use compression springs or disc springs. The axial force of the spring 14 can achieve tight locking. The spring 14 generally uses materials with excellent high-temperature resistance and fatigue resistance (such as alloy steel or stainless steel).

[0084] The quick locking device of the spring-loaded quick connector includes a buckle mechanism, a locking button 19, and a locking state indication module. The buckle mechanism is provided at both ends of the spring-loaded quick connector and is used to connect with the photovoltaic cell module and the light-heat reflector 1, such as buckle 8 or sliding lock plate; the locking button 19 activates the buckle 8 by pressing or rotating action to release or lock the connector; the locking state indication module integrates mechanical or visual indicators (such as red and green indicators) to display the connection state.

[0085] The self-adaptive alignment device of the spring-loaded quick connector includes a guide slot or guide pin and a self-adaptive spherical seat 20. The guide slot or guide pin ensures accurate alignment during connection, reducing errors; the self-adaptive spherical structure is added at the connection end to further improve the angle adjustment capability (the range is usually ±5° to ±10°).

[0086] Connection process of spring-loaded quick connector:

[0087] 1. Align the interfaces: Align the connection positions of the photovoltaic cell module and the solar thermal reflector 1 using guide pins or guide grooves;

[0088] 2. Insertion and Loading: After the connecting end is inserted, the compression spring generates a locking force, tightly binding the two parts together;

[0089] 3. Locking buckle: The spring pushes the buckle or locking piece into the locking groove to complete the fixation.

[0090] Based on the above technical solution, a flexible buffer layer, such as rubber, silicone gasket, or polyurethane foam, is further provided at the connection between the connector 9 and the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2. This effectively reduces the impact of mechanical vibration and thermal expansion stress on the connection. Furthermore, the gaps at the connection need to be filled with sealant to prevent rainwater or dust from entering.

[0091] Furthermore, the retractable adjustment mechanism 3 of this invention includes one or more retractable adjustment arms 6 and multiple connectors 9. Its modular design allows it to adapt to photovoltaic-thermal coupling devices of different sizes and forms, facilitating large-scale system deployment and integrated installation. One or more retractable adjustment arms 6 can be installed at a single vertex, two vertices, four vertices, or multiple vertices, allowing adjustment of the position and angle of the photovoltaic cells in both vertical and horizontal directions. The retractable adjustment arms 6 and connectors 9 provide multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment for the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2, thus adapting to different geographical locations and climatic conditions to achieve optimal energy utilization efficiency. Moreover, the power to drive the retractable adjustment arms 6 can come directly from manual adjustment or from a drive motor. The drive motor can be powered by a battery or cable, but optimally, it can be powered directly by the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2.

[0092] like Figure 6 As shown, the telescopic adjustable column 4 in this embodiment includes a telescopic column body 10 and joint connectors 11 rotatably disposed at one or both ends of the telescopic column body 10; wherein, one end of the telescopic column body 10 is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector 1 through a joint connector 11, and the other end is rotatably connected to the foundation through another joint connector 11; or any end of the telescopic column body 10 is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector 1 or the foundation through a joint connector 11.

[0093] The telescopic adjusting column 4 adopts steel as the main frame material, and is covered with a weather-resistant coating, and has wind resistance and corrosion resistance. The bottom of the column is embedded in a concrete base to enhance stability, which is provided at the bottom of the entire system to support the light-heat reflector 1 and the telescopic adjusting mechanism 3, and provide fixed support for the entire system. Specifically, the top of the telescopic adjusting column 4 is connected with the light-heat reflector 1 support, and the bottom is connected with the foundation through bolts.

[0094] The telescopic adjusting column 4 has a bidirectional telescopic and rotary adjusting function, and can cooperate with the telescopic adjusting mechanism 3 between the light-heat reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to jointly adjust the distance and inclination angle of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device from the ground, so as to realize omnidirectional intelligent adjustment of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device, and further improve the energy utilization efficiency of sunlight.

[0095] In addition, the telescopic adjusting column 4 of the utility model also improves the adaptability of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device on complex terrain. The telescopic adjusting column 4 can adjust its height and inclination angle according to the change of ground height to ensure the stable arrangement of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the light-heat reflector 1. For example, for the terrain with large height changes such as mountains and sand dunes, the telescopic adjusting column 4 can adjust the height of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device in real time to avoid the influence of terrain on system performance and ensure that the illumination angle and energy collection efficiency are not affected by the terrain. Therefore, the system has flexibility and high efficiency when applied to different application scenarios such as building roofs and industrial sites.

[0096] The light-heat reflector 1 is mainly fixed on the telescopic adjusting column 4 by adhesives, bolts, mortise and tenon, buckles 8 and the like, and adjusts the reflection angle in real time in cooperation with the telescopic adjusting mechanism 3.

[0097] The telescopic column body 10 and the joint connector 11 can be adjusted in the horizontal and vertical directions of the telescopic adjusting column 4 by means of electric drive or hydraulic drive devices or manual mode, so as to adjust the height and inclination angle of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device. Therefore, the light-heat reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 can be flexibly adjusted relative to the distance from the ground, so as to ensure that the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device can maintain the best or better energy collection position under different sunlight angles, weather conditions and terrain height changes.

[0098] As shown in Figure 6 The core component of the telescopic column body 10 is a self-lubricating telescopic guide rail 7 in the embodiment, which is designed to be located in the central channel of the adjusting arm and arranged along the length direction to ensure that the telescopic column body 10 remains stable and smooth during telescopic process.

[0099] The self-lubricating telescopic guide rail 7 is installed inside the telescopic column body 10 and fixed to the main frame of the telescopic column body 10 through a guide rail base. The guide rail groove extends along the adjustment direction and penetrates through the entire telescopic area. A self-lubricating pad made of a high polymer material (such as polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE or polyimide PI) is embedded in the guide rail groove. The pad is in close contact with the guide rail slider, which reduces the friction and avoids the wear and tear caused by direct metal contact. The guide rail slider is connected to the external telescopic component through a coupling mechanism (such as a bolt or a clamping groove structure), so that the telescopic guide rail 7 can drive the length change of the entire telescopic column body 10.

[0100] To further improve the service life and reliability, the surface of the guide rail base is treated with anti-corrosion, such as anodized aluminum or stainless steel material, to ensure that it can resist the erosion of severe weather conditions in outdoor environments. In addition, the output shaft of the electric drive device is connected to the guide rail slider through a transmission assembly (such as a ball screw or a gear transmission). The transmission assembly is designed compactly with the overall structure of the telescopic guide rail 7, which reduces energy consumption and facilitates maintenance.

[0101] On the basis of the above technical scheme, further, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 comprises a first substrate layer, a first transparent electrode, a first transport layer, a light absorption layer, a second transport layer, a second transparent electrode, an encapsulation layer and an anti-reflection layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

[0102] The first substrate layer is selected from high-transmittance low-iron glass or ultra-white glass, and is preferably glass coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) or calcium fluoride to increase the transmittance of ultraviolet and visible light;

[0103] The material of the first transparent electrode includes indium tin oxide (ITO) or zinc aluminum oxide (AZO), and is preferably ITO to ensure conductivity and light transmittance;

[0104] The first transport layer can be selected from PEDOT:PSS or PTAA (polytriphenylamine), and the second transport layer can be fullerene C60 or PCBM;

[0105] The light absorption layer can be a perovskite material, a dye-sensitized material, an organic material, a quantum dot material, etc.

[0106] The material of the second transparent electrode is indium tin oxide (ITO) or zinc aluminum oxide (AZO);

[0107] The material of the encapsulation layer is epoxy resin or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc., which can effectively prevent moisture, dust and other pollutants in the external environment from entering the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, thereby prolonging the service life of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2;

[0108] The anti-reflection layer is preferably magnesium fluoride (MgF2) or a multi-layer nano anti-reflection coating.

[0109] In another embodiment of the present application, one or more interface modification layers can be further selected between the first transparent electrode and the first transport layer, between the first transport layer and the light absorption layer, between the light absorption layer and the second transport layer, and between the second transport layer and the second transparent electrode.

[0110] The material of the first interface modification layer between the first transparent electrode and the first transport layer is nickel oxide (NiO) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which can enhance adhesion and reduce interface defects.

[0111] The material of the second interface modification layer between the first transport layer and the light absorption layer is bismuth titanate (Bi2TiO4) or fullerene derivative, which can improve the interface bonding force between the first transparent electrode and the first transport layer.

[0112] The material of the third interface modification layer between the light absorption layer and the second transport layer is magnesium fluoride (MgF2) or silicon dioxide (SiO2), which can optimize the light reflection and transmission properties of the semi-transparent light absorption layer.

[0113] The material of the fourth interface modification layer between the second transport layer and the second transparent electrode is titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, etc., to further improve the transmission and reflection properties of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2.

[0114] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the light-heat reflecting mirror 1 comprises, from bottom to top, an anti-corrosion paint layer, a second substrate layer, a reflective film layer and a glass layer.

[0115] The anti-corrosion paint layer can be selected from one or more combinations of a topcoat, a middlecoat and a primer, such as epoxy resin paint or polyurethane paint, etc.

[0116] The second substrate layer preferably uses lightweight high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 6061 or 7075 aluminum alloy), composite material (such as carbon fiber composite material) or high-temperature resistant plastic (such as polyimide), etc.

[0117] The reflective film layer comprises one or more layers of silver / copper or other metals;

[0118] The glass layer comprises float glass, ultra-white glass, low-iron glass, high-strength tempered glass, etc.

[0119] Further preferably, in order to improve the long-term stability and weather resistance of the system, the encapsulation layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is a self-cleaning encapsulation layer, and the glass layer of the photovoltaic cell is a self-cleaning glass layer. That is, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the surface of the photothermal reflector 1 are both added with nanoscale hydrophobic materials or introduced with self-cleaning nano coatings to avoid the accumulation of dust or pollutants on the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 1, thereby reducing the cleaning frequency, ensuring the long-term stability of the photoelectric efficiency, and prolonging the service life of the cell. Common hydrophobic materials include fluorine-containing polymers, silane coupling agents, etc., such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or fluorosilane, etc. The material of the self-cleaning nano coating can be selected from materials that can decompose pollutants through photocatalysis, reduce dust adhesion, and have water and corrosion resistance, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silane-based nano coating materials, fluoride-based nano coating materials, graphene-based composite materials, etc. This design not only reduces the frequency of manual cleaning and maintenance costs, but also prolongs the service life of the system.

[0120] The photothermal reflector 1 is closely attached below the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 layer, and the infrared light transmitted by the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 layer is directionally reflected to the heat collecting device by the photothermal reflector 1, realizing photothermal utilization.

[0121] Further preferably, the photothermal reflector 1 adopts a multi-layer optical coating technology to realize selective reflection and transmission of specific waveband photons. In addition, the surface of the photothermal reflector 1 is also designed with an infrared waveband high reflectivity coating (such as silver or aluminum) to optimize the photothermal conversion. At the same time, the photothermal reflector 1 also utilizes nanoparticle distribution technology to achieve high reflectivity at different angles of incidence, realizing effective collection and utilization of sunlight. Finally, the material of the photothermal reflector 1 is treated with an anti-oxidation and dust-proof coating to further improve its durability and long-term reflection efficiency.

[0122] Therefore, through the cooperative work of the telescopic adjusting column 4 and the upper telescopic adjusting mechanism 3, the device can be adjusted in all directions, greatly improving the application potential of the system in complex environments, and creating a new mode for efficient photovoltaic-photothermal coupling systems.

[0123] Embodiment 2

[0124] The embodiment provides a photovoltaic-photothermal coupling system including the photovoltaic-photothermal coupling device, for example, a photothermal power station including a tower type photothermal power station, a trough type photothermal power station, a dish type photothermal power station, and a Fresnel type photothermal power station.

[0125] In summary, the utility model discloses a telescopic adjusting mechanism 3 and telescopic adjusting column 4 are coupled together by the light-heat reflector 1 and the translucent photovoltaic cell 2, realize the high -efficient application of translucent photovoltaic cell 2 in photoelectric light-heat system, and significantly improve the thermal management performance, environmental adaptability and long-term stability of system. The system through reasonable spectrum separation and parallel conversion of photoelectric, light-heat energy, maximumly improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy. The independent energy output of photovoltaic and light-heat two parts makes the coupling system can adapt to multifunctional demand, such as solar power station power generation, industrial heating, building heating etc. In addition, the self-cleaning function reduces the dust accumulation and maintenance cost, guarantees the long-term stable and efficient operation of system. Through this innovative design, realize the multi-way, efficient conversion of solar energy, bring more extensive application prospect for trough type light-heat power station and distributed photovoltaic light-heat system. The following is the main beneficial effect of the description:

[0126] 1. Improve light energy utilization efficiency

[0127] The utility model discloses the efficient collaborative utilization of photovoltaic and light-heat, and the overall energy conversion efficiency has been improved significantly. Specifically, the photovoltaic light-heat coupling structure utilizes visible light and infrared light respectively, wherein the visible light is used for photovoltaic power generation, and the infrared light is used for heat energy collection. The telescopic adjusting mechanism 3 and telescopic adjusting column 4 can adjust the photovoltaic cell and light-heat reflector 1, to ensure that the light incidence is at the best angle or better angle. Experimental data shows that under the condition that the solar intensity is 1000W / m 2 , the overall system photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach 32%-38%.

[0128] 2. Improve equipment stability

[0129] The telescopic adjusting arm 6 and telescopic column body 10 of the utility model are made of lightweight and high-strength composite materials (such as carbon fiber composite materials, aluminum alloy, etc.), which can ensure high strength while reducing the weight of the arm body through optimized material and structure design.

[0130] 3. Greatly extend the service life of the equipment

[0131] The telescopic adjusting arm 6 of the utility model adopts wear-resistant coating and gasket design at the connection and joint, and experimental data shows that under the condition of frequent movement, the wear rate of the equipment is reduced by about 40%. The application of corrosion-resistant materials can extend the service life of the telescopic adjusting arm 6 in harsh environments by about 2 times, which is expected to reach a continuous working period of more than 10000 hours, greatly reducing the maintenance frequency of the equipment, and reducing the operation and maintenance cost by at least 30% compared with the traditional design.

[0132] 4. Convenient disassembly and modular maintenance

[0133] The photovoltaic and photo-thermal coupling device adopts modular design, and each component is connected through a standard interface and a quick locking device.

[0134] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the utility model, and not to limit them; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-photothermal coupling device, characterized in that, The photovoltaic-thermal coupling device comprises a photothermal mirror (1), a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2), a telescopic adjusting mechanism (3) and a telescopic adjusting column (4). The photothermal mirror (1) is rotatably connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) through the telescopic adjusting mechanism (3), and one end of the telescopic adjusting column (4) is rotatably connected to the ground, and the other end is rotatably connected to the photothermal mirror (1).

2. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 1, wherein, The telescopic adjusting mechanism (3) comprises one or more telescopic adjusting arms (6) and a plurality of connecting pieces (9), and any end of the telescopic adjusting arm (6) is rotatably connected to the photothermal mirror (1) or the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) through the connecting piece (9), and adjacent telescopic adjusting arms (6) are rotatably connected through the connecting piece (9).

3. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 2, wherein, The connecting piece (9) is provided with a flexible buffer layer at the connection with the photothermal mirror (1) and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2). The flexible buffer layer comprises any one of rubber, silicone gasket and polyurethane foam.

4. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 2, wherein, The telescopic adjusting column (4) comprises a telescopic column body (10) and a joint connector (11) rotatably arranged at one end or both ends of the telescopic column body (10). One end of the telescopic column body (10) is rotatably connected to the photothermal mirror (1) through one joint connector (11), and the other end is rotatably connected to the ground through another joint connector (11). Or any end of the telescopic column body (10) is rotatably connected to the photothermal mirror (1) or the ground through the joint connector (11).

5. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 4, wherein, The telescopic adjusting arm (6) and the telescopic column body (10) are both provided with self-lubricating telescopic guide rails (7).

6. The photovoltaic-photo thermal coupled device according to claim 1, wherein, The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) comprises a first base layer, a first transparent electrode, a first transport layer, a light absorption layer, a second transport layer, a second transparent electrode, an encapsulation layer and an anti-reflection layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

7. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 6, wherein, An interface modification layer is arranged between the first transparent electrode and the first transport layer, between the first transport layer and the light absorption layer, between the light absorption layer and the second transport layer, and / or between the second transport layer and the second transparent electrode.

8. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 6, wherein, The photothermal mirror (1) comprises an anti-corrosion paint layer, a second base layer, a reflective film layer and a glass layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

9. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 8, wherein, The encapsulation layer is a self-cleaning encapsulation layer, and the glass layer is a self-cleaning glass layer.

10. A photovoltaic-photothermal coupled system, characterized in that, The photovoltaic-thermal coupling device comprises the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device according to any one of claims 1-9.

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