Middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf picking equipment, and discloses a middle-lower portion tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking, which mainly comprises a picking component, a layering device, a conveying mechanism, a suspension rack, a servo motor and a controller, and the components are modularly designed and are convenient to disassemble and adjust. In a working state, the rotating speed of a picking part chain in the picking mechanism is matched with the speed of a picking vehicle, picking fingers on the two sides are matched to form a closed hole channel to hold tobacco stems, the picking mode of manual operation is imitated, acting force is continuously and downwards applied, stems and leaves of tobacco plants are broken and fall onto a conveying roller below, and the tobacco stems and leaves are picked. The picking and collecting work of the tobacco leaves is completed. After picking is completed, the stems can exit from the hole channel area without any barrier, and damage of the picking mechanism to the tobacco stems is reduced. The tobacco leaf picking machine can adapt to tobacco plants of different varieties in China, mechanical tobacco leaf picking is achieved, and the labor pressure of tobacco farmers is relieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to tobacco leaf picking equipment technical field relates to a kind of based on flexible picking middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tobacco leaf picking is the key link in tobacco production, traditional manual picking has high flexibility, picking breakage rate is low and the like, but tobacco farmer's labor intensity is larger, work efficiency is low, cost is extremely high, and tobacco ripening is in the scorching summer, tobacco field is dense and not ventilated, and working environment is poor. Current existing tobacco mechanized picking mechanism in China has various problems, picking breakage rate is higher, and cannot replace manual picking. Therefore, it is urgent to design a tobacco picking mechanism to solve the problem of mechanized picking in China, and reduce the pressure of tobacco farmer.

[0003] Tobacco grows around the stem, and tobacco farmers classify tobacco leaves at different positions into upper leaves, middle leaves, lower leaves and foot tobacco. In China, flue-cured tobacco matures from bottom to top along the stem, and tobacco farmers need to pick tobacco leaves in batches according to different seasons and the growth of tobacco leaves, which is time-consuming and laborious. In addition, when picking middle and lower tobacco leaves, special attention should be paid to controlling the breakage rate of tobacco leaves, and the unripe upper tobacco leaves should be protected to avoid scratching the tobacco stem during picking and affecting the nutrient transport of tobacco plants. Therefore, picking middle and lower tobacco leaves is a difficult point in the process of tobacco mechanized picking. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model is mainly aimed at middle and lower tobacco leaves, and provides a tobacco picking mechanism based on flexible picking, which can realize layered harvesting from bottom to top according to the ripening law of tobacco leaves and protect unripe upper tobacco leaves. At the same time, the picking fingers made of flexible material have low breakage rate and low missed picking rate, which meet the agronomic requirements.

[0005] The technical scheme of the utility model comprises:

[0006] A middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking mainly comprises picking components, layering devices, conveying mechanisms, suspension racks, servo motors and controllers, and each component is modularly designed for easy disassembly and adjustment.

[0007] The picking component uses chain transmission as its transmission mode, is fixed on the suspension frame through an L-shaped steel pipe and a U-shaped clamp, a hole is formed in the middle of the U-shaped clamp, the hole is clamped on the cross beam of the suspension frame, one end of the L-shaped steel pipe passes through the hole and is fixed through a bolt, the front and back positions of the picking component are adjusted by adjusting the tightness of the bolt, the fixing part is fixed on the sheet metal part partition plate, the other end of the L-shaped steel pipe is matched with the fixing part through a bearing and is fixed through a bolt, the installation angle of the picking component is adjusted by adjusting the bolt, the installation angle between the sheet metal part partition plate on the picking component and the horizontal ground is 60 degrees, the picking component is symmetrical in structure, the main part of one side of the picking component is mainly composed of a pair of chain wheels clamped by the upper and lower sheet metal part partition plates, and the picking working area is located at the tight side of the chain, a tensioning mechanism is installed on the upper sheet metal part partition plate and used for adjusting the tightness of the chain, a reverser is installed on the upper sheet metal part partition plate, a servo motor is fixed on the moving horizontal beam at the upper part of the suspension frame, the servo motor transmits power to the picking component through the reverser, and the running speed of the picking component is adjusted in real time, the flexible picking finger is mainly composed of an inner core and an outer shell, the inner core is a metal framework, the outer shell is a flexible material, and the two are fixed and matched through a bolt, the tail end of the inner core is welded and fixed with an outer link of the chain, the welding angle between the flexible picking finger and the outer link is 60 degrees, so that the flexible picking finger is kept horizontal with the ground in the working state, in the working process, the flexible picking finger contacts the tobacco leaves and continuously applies force downward, so that the tobacco leaves are broken from the connection between the leaves and the stems, and the picking work of the tobacco leaves is completed;

[0008] The delayer is triangular in shape, the outer edge is provided with a steel bar protection, so as to prevent the sharp front end from piercing the tobacco leaves, the front end of the delayer is fixed to the lower sheet metal part partition plate, the surface of the delayer is kept parallel to the ground, the mature tobacco leaves are guided to the picking working area, and the unripe part is separated above the picking component, so that the delayer realizes the delamination harvesting of tobacco leaves with different degrees of maturity;

[0009] The suspension frame is used for installing the picking component, the conveying mechanism, the servo motor, the guide vane plate and the gear box, and integrates the parts into a complete picking mechanism;

[0010] The guide vane plate is 1 / 4 circular in shape, the two guide vane plates are installed on the left and right sides of the front end of the suspension frame in a spaced and opposite manner, the included angle between the guide vane plate and the ground is 15 degrees, and the guide vane plate is used for guiding tobacco plants with different tobacco conditions to the picking working area, the upper part of the suspension frame is connected with the picking vehicle, so that the picking mechanism moves up and down through the hydraulic rod, and the delamination picking of the tobacco leaves is realized;

[0011] The conveying mechanism is installed at the lowermost part of the suspension frame, the tobacco leaves picked by the picking component fall on the conveying mechanism and are transmitted to the rear tobacco box through the conveying mechanism for unified collection, each side of the conveying mechanism is composed of five conveying rollers, and power is transmitted through the rear gear box;

[0012] The servo motor is installed on the top of the suspension frame and fixed by a U-shaped clamp and bolts; the driving wheel of the servo motor is installed on the right side and transmits power to the lower rod through chain transmission; the rod continuously transmits power to the picking component through the commutator to realize the synchronous action of the flexible picking fingers of the picking components on both sides; one end of the telescopic rod is fixed on the top of the suspension frame, and the other end is driven by the servo motor to adjust the front and rear positions of the picking component.

[0013] The controller is used to adjust the working speed of the picking component in real time to realize the matching of the picking component and the traveling speed of the picking vehicle; before the picking vehicle works, the angle sensor feeds back the installation angle of the picking component; after the picking work starts, the friction wheel behind the picking vehicle inputs the traveling speed of the vehicle to the controller; according to the parallelogram rule, the controller calculates the corresponding chain wheel rotation speed and transmits the electric signal to the servo motor; the servo motor changes the rotation speed of the chain wheel by adjusting the rotation speed to realize the accurate matching of the picking component and the picking vehicle speed and ensure the smooth progress of the subsequent picking work.

[0014] The flexible picking finger is designed in the shape of the index finger and the thumb in the artificial picking process, a pair of flexible picking fingers form a closed circular hole with an aperture of 70 mm for holding the tobacco rod, and the closed circular hole is parallel to the ground and moves obliquely downward along the chain.

[0015] The rotation speed of the conveying roller is set to 200-260 r / min, and the tobacco leaves are continuously output outward by the conveying mechanism.

[0016] In order to increase the friction between the tobacco leaves and the conveying rollers, a plurality of rows of protrusions are arranged on the outermost side of each conveying roller, which effectively prevents the accumulation of tobacco leaves.

[0017] The conveying rollers are installed obliquely from outside to inside, and the inclination angle of the five conveying rollers on one side to the ground is 15 degrees, and a gap is left between every two conveying rollers to ensure that they do not interfere with each other during operation.

[0018] The traveling speed of the picking component and the picking vehicle satisfies the following formula:

[0019] V 实际 =V 车 ×tanα÷3.6

[0020] In the formula, V 实际 is the actual speed of the flexible picking finger under the speed matching condition of the picking component, unit m / s; V 车 is the traveling speed of the picking vehicle, unit km / h; and a is the installation angle of the picking component, unit degree.

[0021] The middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism further comprises a lifting adjusting mechanism which is a right triangle structure, one right angle side of which is fixed on the top beam of the hanging frame, and the other right angle side is connected with the middle beam of the hanging frame through a fixed connecting piece; a plurality of mounting holes are formed on the other right angle side, and cooperate with the fixed connecting piece to adjust the height of the picking component.

[0022] The tobacco leaf picking mechanism is mainly aimed at middle and lower tobacco leaves, and can pick the tobacco leaves in different growth states according to the characteristics of tobacco varieties in China. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a whole schematic view of the middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic view of the picking component structure in the picking mechanism.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a working schematic view of the picking component in the picking mechanism.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic view of the guide leaf plate structure in the picking mechanism.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic view of the layering device structure in the picking mechanism.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a working principle diagram of the picking mechanism.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic view of the guide leaf plate and the layering device assisting the long and inclined tobacco stalks to enter the working area.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic view of the picking work of the picking mechanism.

[0031] Figure 9 It is a schematic view of the tobacco stalks leaving the working area.

[0032] In the figure: 1 lifting adjustment mechanism; 2 telescopic rod; 3 gear box; 4 first reversing device; 5 conveying mechanism; 6 guide vane plate; 7 picking component; 8 L-shaped steel pipe; 9 U-shaped clamp; 10 suspension frame; 11 servo motor; 12 fixing part; 13 second reversing device; 14 flexible picking finger; 15 outer link; 16 layering device; 17 tensioning mechanism; 18 sheet metal part partition plate; 19 tobacco stem; 20 tobacco leaf; V1: picking vehicle running speed; V2: picking mechanism chain rotation speed; V3: picking mechanism speed synthesis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The specific implementation manner of the utility model is further illustrated below in combination with the drawings and technical solutions.

[0034] Referring to Figure 1 In the embodiment, a middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism is provided, which mainly comprises a conveying mechanism 5, a guide vane plate 6, a picking component 7, a suspension frame 10, a servo motor 11 and a layering device 16. The layering device 16 is installed in front of the picking component 7 and can guide tobacco plants in a picking interval into a working area and convey unripe tobacco leaves above the picking mechanism to realize layering of the tobacco leaves. The conveying mechanism 5 is located at the lowermost part of the picking mechanism and is composed of five conveying rollers on each side to convey the picked tobacco leaves to the rear tobacco box for unified collection. The guide vane plate 6 is located on the front side of the suspension frame 10 and serves to assist in righting the tobacco plants with inclined growth. The picking component 7 is installed on both sides of the suspension frame 10 and is fixed to the U-shaped clamp 9 through the L-shaped pipe 8, so that the position of the picking component 7 can be adjusted up and down and the installation angle of the picking component can be adjusted. The servo motor 11 is installed at the uppermost part of the suspension frame and transmits power to the first reversing device 4 on both sides through a chain, and finally transmits the power to the driving wheel of the picking component 7 to realize forced synchronization of the chain wheels on both sides and simultaneously control the speed of both sides. The suspension frame 10 is mainly used for installing various components to integrate the above components into a whole. The lifting adjustment mechanism 1 can manually adjust the height of the picking mechanism. The gear box 3 is installed at the rear of the suspension frame to transmit power to the conveying mechanism 5. The two rectangular beams in the middle are used for installing the U-shaped clamp to fix the picking component.

[0035] Referring to Figure 2In this embodiment, picking component in picking mechanism is provided. Picking component transmits power through chain transmission, 08A chain and two sprockets with 15 teeth are selected, picking component working area is located at the tight side of the chain, outer link 15 is selected instead of the original link, picking fingers 14 are made of flexible material and are fixed on the outer link 15 by bolts, both sides of the picking fingers move with the chain. The sprocket is clamped and fixed by the sheet metal part partition plate 18 on both sides, the rear second reversing gear 13 is directly connected with the driving sprocket, and the power is transmitted to the driving wheel. The L-shaped pipe is fastened with the fixing part 12 by bolts, which is used for the installation of picking component, and the tensioning mechanism 17 is installed above the driven wheel to tension the chain by adjusting the bolt.

[0036] Referring to Figure 7 In this embodiment, the schematic diagram of guide vane plate and layering device assisting the inclined tobacco stalks entering the working area of the picking mechanism is provided. The tobacco stalks will be inclined when growing in strong wind, heavy rain and other harsh conditions. When the work starts, the picking vehicle moves forward along the tobacco ridge, and the picking vehicle aligns the tobacco plants. The guide vane plate 6 and the layering device 16 can right the inclined tobacco plants, and the layering device 16 guides the tobacco plants in the picking interval into the working area and transports the unripe tobacco leaves above the picking mechanism to realize the layering picking of the tobacco leaves.

[0037] Referring to Figure 3 , 7, 8, the working process and working principle of the picking mechanism are provided in this embodiment. When the tobacco plants are layered by the layering device 16, the tobacco plants in the appropriate interval are guided into the working area. The flexible picking fingers 14 in the picking component continuously circulate with the chain, and the two picking fingers 14 cooperate to form a closed hole to embrace the tobacco plants. The picking vehicle speed V1 matches the sprocket rotation speed V2, and the speed is synthesized by the parallelogram rule. At this time, the flexible picking fingers 14 can be considered as vertical downward speed V3. Then the picking fingers 14 contact with the tobacco leaves and continuously apply downward force to pick the tobacco leaves, achieving the picking purpose. Due to the speed matching, the tobacco stalks will not be violently pulled by the picking mechanism, and the situation that the picking mechanism cannot completely pick the tobacco plants due to slow speed will not occur.

[0038] Referring to Figure 9 In this embodiment, the schematic diagram of the tobacco plants leaving the picking mechanism is provided. When the tobacco plants complete picking and exit the working area, due to the speed matching, the tobacco plants can exit the working area without any obstacles, reducing the damage of the picking mechanism to the tobacco stalks.

Claims

1. A mid-lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking, characterized in that, The middle and lower tobacco picking mechanism based on flexible picking mainly comprises picking components, a layering device, a conveying mechanism, a suspension frame, a servo motor and a controller, and each component is modularly designed for convenient disassembly and adjustment. The picking components use chain transmission as the transmission mode, are fixed on the suspension frame through L-shaped steel pipes and U-shaped clamps, the U-shaped clamps are provided with a hole in the middle, are clamped on the cross beams of the suspension frame, one end of the L-shaped steel pipes passes through the hole and is fixed through bolts, the front and back positions of the picking components are adjusted by adjusting the tightness of the bolts, the fixing components are fixed on the metal piece partition plates, the other end of the L-shaped steel pipes is matched with the fixing components through bearings and is fixed through bolts, the installation angle of the picking components is adjusted by adjusting the bolts, the installation angle between the metal piece partition plate on the picking components and the horizontal ground is 60 degrees, the picking components are symmetrical in structure, the main body on one side mainly comprises a pair of chain wheels clamped by the upper and lower metal piece partition plates, and the picking working area is located at the tight side of the chain; the upper metal piece partition plate is provided with a tensioning mechanism for adjusting the tightness of the chain, and a reverser is installed on the upper metal piece partition plate, the servo motor is fixed on the movable horizontal beam at the upper part of the suspension frame, the servo motor transmits power to the picking components through the reverser, and the running speed of the picking components is adjusted in real time; the flexible picking fingers mainly comprise an inner core and an outer shell, the inner core is a metal framework, the outer shell is a flexible material, and the two are fixed and matched through bolts; the tail end of the inner core is welded and fixed with the outer link of the chain to ensure that the welding angle between the flexible picking finger and the outer link is 60 degrees, so that the flexible picking finger is kept horizontal with the ground in the working state; in the working process, the flexible picking finger contacts the tobacco leaves and continuously applies force downward, so that the tobacco leaves are broken from the stem and leaf connection to complete the picking work of the tobacco leaves; The layering device is triangular in shape, is provided with a steel reinforcement at the outer edge to prevent the sharp front end from piercing the tobacco leaves, is fixed at the front end of the lower metal piece partition plate, and is kept parallel to the ground to guide the mature tobacco leaves to the picking working area and separate the unripe part above the picking components, so that the tobacco leaves with different degrees of maturity are separated and picked; The suspension frame is used for installing the picking components, the conveying mechanism, the servo motor, the guide vane plate and the gear box, and integrates the parts into a complete picking mechanism; The guide vane plate is 1 / 4 circular in shape, is installed on the left and right sides of the front end of the suspension frame in a spaced and opposite manner, ensures that the included angle between the guide vane plate and the ground is 15 degrees, and is used for guiding the tobacco plants with different tobacco conditions to the picking working area; the upper part of the suspension frame is connected with the picking vehicle, so that the picking mechanism moves up and down through the hydraulic rod, thereby realizing the stratified picking of the tobacco leaves; The conveying mechanism is installed at the lowermost part of the suspension frame, the tobacco leaves picked by the picking components fall on the conveying mechanism and are transmitted to the rear tobacco box through the conveying mechanism for unified collection; each side of the conveying mechanism is composed of five conveying rollers, and power is transmitted through the rear gear box. The servo motor is installed on the top of the suspension frame and fixed by a U-shaped clamp and bolts; the driving wheel of the servo motor is installed on the right side and transmits power to the lower rod through chain transmission; the rod continuously transmits power to the picking component through the commutator, so as to realize the synchronous action of the flexible picking fingers of the picking components on both sides; one end of the telescopic rod is fixed on the top of the suspension frame, and the other end is driven by the servo motor, so as to adjust the front and back positions of the picking component. The controller is used to adjust the working speed of the picking component in real time, so as to realize the matching of the picking component and the traveling speed of the picking vehicle; before the picking vehicle works, the angle sensor feeds back the installation angle of the picking component; after the picking work starts, the friction wheel behind the picking vehicle inputs the traveling speed of the vehicle to the controller; according to the parallelogram rule, the controller calculates the corresponding chain wheel rotation speed and transmits the electric signal to the servo motor; the servo motor adjusts the rotation speed to change the rotation speed of the chain wheel, so as to realize the accurate matching of the picking component and the picking vehicle speed and ensure the smooth progress of the subsequent picking work.

2. The mid-lower stalk based plucking mechanism according to claim 1, wherein, The flexible picking fingers are designed in the shape of the index finger and the thumb in the artificial picking process, a pair of flexible picking fingers form a closed circular hole with an aperture of 70 mm, which is used to hold the tobacco rod, and the closed circular hole is parallel to the ground and moves obliquely downward along the chain.

3. The mid-lower stalk based plucking mechanism according to claim 1, wherein, The rotation speed of the conveying roller is set to 200-260 r / min, and the tobacco is continuously output outward through the conveying mechanism.

4. The mid-lower stalk based plucking mechanism according to claim 1, wherein, In order to increase the friction between the tobacco and the conveying roller, a plurality of rows of protrusions are arranged on the outermost side of each conveying roller, which effectively prevents the accumulation of tobacco.

5. The mid-lower stalk based plucking mechanism according to claim 1, wherein, The conveying rollers are installed obliquely from outside to inside, and the inclination angle of the five conveying rollers on one side to the ground is 15 degrees, and a gap is left between every two conveying rollers to ensure that they do not interfere with each other during operation.

6. The mid-lower stalk based plucking mechanism according to claim 1, wherein, The traveling speed of the picking component and the picking vehicle satisfies the following formula: V 实际 = V 车 x tan α ÷ 3.6 In the formula: V 实际 V is the actual speed of the flexible picking finger under the condition of matching the speed of the picking component, in m / s; 车 V is the traveling speed of the picking vehicle, in km / h; and α is the installation angle of the picking component, in degrees.

7. The mid-lower stalk based plucking mechanism according to claim 1, wherein, The middle and lower tobacco picking mechanism also comprises a lifting adjusting mechanism which is a right triangle structure, one of the right angles is fixed on the top beam of the suspension frame, and the other right angle is connected with the middle beam of the suspension frame through a fixed connecting piece; a plurality of mounting holes are opened on the other right angle, which cooperate with the fixed connecting piece to adjust the height of the picking component.

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