Guide rail mechanism of air-suspending machine tool and machine tool

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of processing machine tools, and relates to an air-suspending machine tool guide rail mechanism and a machine tool, the air-suspending machine tool guide rail mechanism comprises a supporting seat, a ball screw mechanism, an air-floating guide rail, a carriage and a plurality of groups of air-floating assemblies, the air-floating guide rail is arranged on the supporting seat, and the carriage is slidably installed on the air-floating guide rail; the ball screw mechanism can drive the sliding frame to move on the air floating guide rail; each group of air floatation components comprises an air block and an air nozzle, the air block is mounted on the air floatation guide rail, the air nozzle is mounted on the sliding frame, and a gap is reserved between an air outlet of the air nozzle and the air block and is used for forming an air film area. A machine tool comprises the air-suspending machine tool guide rail mechanism. The sliding frame is almost not affected by friction force in the moving process, so that the sliding frame and equipment borne by the sliding frame can be easily moved only with small thrust, driving force needed by the sliding frame in the moving process is reduced, energy consumption is reduced, and the service life of the air floating guide rail and the service life of the sliding frame are prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a kind of air suspension machine tool guide rail mechanism and machine tool, belong to processing machine tool technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] In current mechanical manufacturing industry, small precision CNC lathe as the key equipment of high-precision machining, its performance and stability are directly related to production efficiency and product quality. The traditional small precision CNC lathe generally adopts universal hard rail structure, the feature of this structure is that the guide rail and the bed are integrated castings, and the guide rail is directly machined on the casting. The operation of such hard rail depends on the principle of sliding friction, although the structure is simple and has certain bearing capacity, but there are some problems in practical application:

[0003] Because the movement mode of hard rail depends on sliding friction, the friction force borne is relatively large. Especially in the case of poor lubrication condition, the friction phenomenon is more serious, not only limits the running speed of lathe, but also easily leads to rapid wear of guide rail and contact parts. The high friction coefficient of sliding friction, combined with the large area contact between guide rail and bed, further aggravates the influence of friction.

[0004] In addition, in the working process of machine tool, the workbench surface and the guide rail realize relative reciprocating motion through ball screw drive. In the process of high speed and high frequency starting and accelerating, the ball screw needs to bear high friction force from the guide rail and high impact load caused by rectangular acceleration and deceleration mode. Specifically, the workbench surface accelerates to the specified motion speed from the static state only in 0.1 second, and such sharp acceleration change causes great pressure to the ball screw. Generally, small precision CNC lathe needs to process up to 8000 workpieces per day, and the reciprocating motion frequency reaches 32000 times, and the cumulative operation is 960000 times per month. Such high strength and high frequency use conditions further aggravate the wear of guide rail and ball screw.

[0005] The serious wear of guide rail and ball screw not only shortens the service life of equipment, but also leads to gradual decline of machining precision. Generally, the equipment guide rail will decrease 0.01-0.02mm in precision due to wear after two years, which directly leads to one grade reduction of equipment level. The repair work after such wear not only has great technical difficulty, but also needs professional assembly workers to cooperate with high-precision measuring tools, such as spatula, ruler, angle ruler, square ruler, percent table, thousandth table, etc., to complete, thereby increasing maintenance cost and time cost. INVENTION CONTENTS

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a new technical solution to improve or solve the technical problems existing in the prior art as described above.

[0007] The technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows: an air suspension machine tool guide rail mechanism, including a support base, a ball screw mechanism, an air suspension guide rail, a slide, and multiple sets of air suspension components, wherein the air suspension guide rail is disposed on the support base, and the slide is slidably mounted on the air suspension guide rail;

[0008] The ball screw mechanism includes a motor, a screw, and a screw pair mounted on the screw. The motor is mounted on the support base, and the screw is connected to the motor for transmission. The screw is mounted on the support base and is arranged parallel to the air-bearing guide rail. The screw pair is connected to the carriage. When the screw pair moves on the screw, it can synchronously drive the carriage to move on the air-bearing guide rail.

[0009] Each air flotation assembly includes an air block and an air nozzle. The air block is mounted on the air flotation guide rail, and the air nozzle is mounted on the carriage. A gap is left between the air outlet of the air nozzle and the air block to form an area for forming an air film.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a rodless cylinder and a solenoid valve. The rodless cylinder includes a rear support plate, a slide rail, and a slider mounted on the slide rail. The slide rail is mounted on the rear support plate, which is located on one side of the air-bearing guide rail. The slider is connected to the carriage. The solenoid valve is used to control the opening and closing of the air circuit of the rodless cylinder, so that the slider is locked on the slide rail.

[0012] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that, in practical applications, when it is necessary to fix the position of the slide, the solenoid valve can control the opening and closing of the air circuit of the rodless cylinder, so that the slider is tightly locked on the slide rail, thereby ensuring that the slide and the load it bears remain stable and stationary.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes an air passage system connected to the jet nozzle.

[0014] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the air circuit system can provide an air source for the air suspension mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the carriage is a rectangular frame, which is formed by four side plates. The rectangular frame is fitted onto the air flotation guide rail, and each of the four side plates is fitted with an air nozzle.

[0016] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the air nozzles are distributed around the carriage, so that the air film can be evenly covered between the carriage and the air bearing guide rail, which helps to improve the smoothness of carriage movement and the guiding accuracy.

[0017] Furthermore, the support base includes a base, an upper bracket, and a lower bracket. The upper bracket and the lower bracket are respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the base. The motor is mounted on the upper bracket, and the upper and lower ends of the lead screw are respectively mounted on the upper bracket and the lower bracket via bearings.

[0018] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the upper and lower supports are firmly set at the upper and lower ends of the base, respectively, providing stable support for the entire mechanism. By rationally arranging the motor and lead screw, the structure of the entire mechanism becomes more compact and reasonable.

[0019] Furthermore, the air block is provided with a groove that matches the shape of the jet nozzle, the jet nozzle is located in the groove and has a gap with the bottom of the groove, and the air block is provided with a vent hole.

[0020] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that, by reasonably setting up structures such as vent holes and grooves, the gas can be more evenly distributed between the carriage and the air-bearing guide rail.

[0021] Furthermore, each air flotation assembly includes multiple rings of nozzles arranged in a ring, with multiple nozzles spaced apart in each ring. The inner diameter of the air holes in each ring of nozzles is the same, and the inner diameter of the nozzles gradually decreases from the outer ring to the inner ring.

[0022] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that by setting multiple air nozzles and gradually reducing the inner diameter of the air nozzles from the outer ring to the inner ring, the flow rate and injection pressure of the gas when passing through the air nozzles will increase accordingly. This can control the gas flow rate and pressure distribution, which helps to provide a more uniform and stable air flotation effect and ensure the smooth operation of the machine tool guideway.

[0023] A machine tool, including the aforementioned air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects: The air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism of this utility model adopts an air-suspended structure. The air-floating guide rail and the air-floating component cooperate, and gas is ejected at high speed through the air outlet on the air nozzle to lift the slide on the air-floating guide rail. The slide can be suspended on the air-floating guide rail. At this time, an air film is formed between the slide and the surface of the air-floating guide rail, which greatly reduces the friction coefficient between the slide and the air-floating guide rail surface to an extremely low level, about 0.0005. Due to the effect of the air film, the slide is almost unaffected by friction during movement. Therefore, only a small thrust is needed to easily move the slide and the equipment it carries, reducing the driving force required for the slide to move, thereby reducing energy consumption. In addition, due to the reduction of friction and wear, the service life of the air-floating guide rail and the slide is significantly extended. At the same time, the air film also has the effect of error homogenization, which can improve the guiding accuracy of the mechanism. Moreover, the guide rail generates almost no heat during operation, so there is no viscosity change, and no additional cooling measures are required. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a front view of the air suspension machine tool guide rail mechanism of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 For the present utility model Figure 1 BB-direction sectional view;

[0028] Figure 3 For the present utility model Figure 2 Enlarged view of part C;

[0029] Figure 4 For the present utility model Figure 1 View from direction A;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a top view of the air suspension machine tool guide rail mechanism of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the air flotation component of the present invention, including a multi-ringed jet nozzle.

[0032] In the diagram, 1 is the support base; 11 is the base; 12 is the upper bracket; 13 is the lower bracket; 2 is the ball screw mechanism; 21 is the motor; 22 is the screw; 23 is the screw pair; 3 is the air bearing guide rail; 4 is the carriage; 5 is the air bearing assembly; 51 is the air block; 52 is the air nozzle; 53 is the groove; 6 is the rodless cylinder; 61 is the rear support plate; and 62 is the slider. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The serial numbers assigned to components in this document, such as "first" and "second," are used only to distinguish the described objects and do not imply any priority in order or any specific technical meaning. Furthermore, the concepts of "connection" and "linkage" mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, are considered to include both direct connection (linkage) and indirect connection (linkage).

[0034] When interpreting the description of this application, it should be clarified that terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the perspective and layout shown in the accompanying drawings. They are intended to facilitate explanation and simplify the description process, and are not absolute limitations on the actual location, construction method, or operating mode of the described device or element. Therefore, these terms should not be construed as restrictive interpretations of the content of this application.

[0035] The principles and features of this utility model are described below with reference to examples. The examples are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0036] like Figure 1 - Figure 6 As shown, an air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism includes a support base 1, a ball screw mechanism 2, an air-suspended guide rail 3, a slide 4, and multiple sets of air-suspended components 5. The air-suspended guide rail 3 is disposed on the support base 1, and the slide 4 is slidably mounted on the air-suspended guide rail 3. The ball screw mechanism 2 includes a motor 21, a lead screw 22, and a lead screw assembly 23 mounted on the lead screw 22. The motor 21 is mounted on the support base 1, and the lead screw 22 is drively connected to the motor 21. The lead screw 22 is mounted on the support base 1 and connected to the ball screw assembly 5. The air flotation guide rail 3 is arranged in parallel. The lead screw pair 23 is connected to the slide 4. When the lead screw pair 23 moves on the lead screw 22, it can synchronously drive the slide 4 to move on the air flotation guide rail 3. Multiple sets of air flotation components 5 are evenly distributed around the slide 4. Each set of air flotation components 5 includes an air block 51 and an air nozzle 52. The air block 51 is installed on the air flotation guide rail 3, and the air nozzle 52 is installed on the slide 4. A gap is left between the air outlet of the air nozzle 52 and the air block 51 for forming an area of ​​air film.

[0037] The air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism also includes a rodless cylinder 6 and a solenoid valve. The rodless cylinder 6 includes a rear support plate 61, a slide rail, and a slider 62 mounted on the slide rail. The slide rail is mounted on the rear support plate 61, which is located on one side of the air-suspended guide rail 3. The slider 62 is connected to the carriage 4. The solenoid valve controls the on / off state of the air passage of the rodless cylinder 6, locking the slider 62 onto the slide rail. In practical applications, when it is necessary to fix the position of the carriage 4, the solenoid valve can control the on / off state of the air passage of the rodless cylinder 6, tightly locking the slider 62 onto the slide rail, thereby ensuring that the carriage 4 and its load remain stable. When unlocking is required, simply switch the control state of the solenoid valve, and the slider 62 can slide freely on the slide rail.

[0038] The air suspension machine tool guide rail mechanism also includes an air path system, which is connected to the jet nozzle 52. The air path system can provide an air source for the air suspension mechanism.

[0039] The carriage 4 is a rectangular frame formed by four side plates. The rectangular frame is fitted onto the air bearing guide rail 3, and each of the four side plates is fitted with an air nozzle. The air nozzles 52 are distributed around the carriage 4, so that the air film can be evenly covered between the carriage 4 and the air bearing guide rail 3, which helps to improve the smoothness of the carriage 4's movement and the guiding accuracy.

[0040] The support base 1 includes a base 11, an upper bracket 12, and a lower bracket 13. The upper bracket 12 and the lower bracket 13 are respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the base 11. The motor 21 is mounted on the upper bracket 12, and the upper and lower ends of the lead screw 22 are respectively mounted on the upper bracket 12 and the lower bracket 13 via bearings. The upper bracket 12 and the lower bracket 13 are firmly disposed at the upper and lower ends of the base 11, providing stable support for the entire mechanism. Through the reasonable arrangement of the motor 21 and the lead screw 22, the structure of the entire mechanism is more compact and reasonable.

[0041] The air block 51 is provided with a groove 53 that matches the shape of the jet nozzle 52. The jet nozzle 52 is located in the groove 53 and has a gap with the bottom of the groove 53. The air block 51 is provided with a vent hole. By reasonably setting the vent hole and the groove 53 and other structures, the gas can be more evenly distributed between the carriage 4 and the air bearing guide rail 3.

[0042] Additionally, in this embodiment, as Figure 5As shown, each air flotation assembly 5 includes multiple rings of nozzles 52 arranged in a ring. Multiple nozzles 52 are spaced apart within each ring, and the inner diameter of the air holes in each ring of nozzles 52 is the same. From the outer ring to the inner ring, the inner diameter of the nozzles 52 gradually decreases. By setting multiple rings of nozzles 52 and gradually decreasing the inner diameter from the outer ring to the inner ring, the flow velocity and injection pressure of the gas passing through the nozzles 52 increase accordingly. This allows for control of the gas flow rate and pressure distribution, contributing to a more uniform and stable air flotation effect and ensuring the smooth operation of the machine tool guideway.

[0043] A machine tool, including the aforementioned air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism.

[0044] The working principle of the air suspension machine tool guide rail mechanism of this utility model is as follows: First, the air circuit system is started, and the compressed air obtains stable compressed air through the accumulator pressure regulating valve and overflow valve. The compressed air is injected at high speed into the air block 51 through the air outlet on the jet nozzle 52. A gap is reserved between the air outlet of the jet nozzle 52 and the air block 51. The gas ejected from the jet nozzle 52 forms an air film between the jet nozzle 52 and the air block 51, thereby suspending the slide 4 on the air suspension guide rail 3. Then the motor 21 starts, the lead screw 22 begins to rotate, and the lead screw pair 23 moves with the rotation of the lead screw 22. Since the lead screw pair 23 is connected to the slide 4, the movement of the lead screw pair 23 will synchronously drive the slide 4 to slide smoothly on the air-bearing guide rail 3. When the slide 4 carries the workpiece to the predetermined processing position, the system will receive a command. At this time, the solenoid valve starts and controls the opening and closing of the air circuit of the rodless cylinder 6, so that the slider 62 is tightly locked on the slide rail. Since the slider 62 is connected to the slide 4, it ensures that the slide 4 and the workpiece it carries remain stable and wait for the processing operation.

[0045] This utility model's air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism adopts an air-suspended structure. The air-floating guide rail 3 and the air-floating component 5 cooperate, and high-speed gas is ejected through the air outlet on the nozzle 52 to lift the slide 4 on the air-floating guide rail 3. The slide 4 can suspend above the bottom of the air-floating guide rail 3. At this time, an air film is formed between the slide 4 and the surface of the air-floating guide rail 3, which greatly reduces the friction coefficient between the slide 4 and the air-floating guide rail 3 to an extremely low level of about 0.0005. Due to the effect of the air film, the slide 4 is almost unaffected by friction during movement. Therefore, only a small thrust is needed to easily move the slide 4 and the equipment it carries, reducing the driving force required for the slide 4 to move, thereby reducing energy consumption. In addition, due to the reduction of friction and wear, the service life of the air-floating guide rail 3 and the slide 4 is significantly extended. At the same time, the air film also has the effect of error homogenization, which can improve the guiding accuracy of the mechanism. Moreover, the guide rail generates almost no heat during operation, so there is no viscosity change, and no additional cooling measures are required.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A guide rail mechanism for an air-suspended machine tool, characterized in that, It includes a support base (1), a ball screw mechanism (2), an air bearing guide rail (3), a carriage (4) and multiple sets of air bearing components (5). The air bearing guide rail (3) is set on the support base (1), and the carriage (4) is slidably installed on the air bearing guide rail (3). The ball screw mechanism (2) includes a motor (21), a screw (22), and a screw pair (23) mounted on the screw (22). The motor (21) is mounted on the support base (1), and the screw (22) is connected to the motor (21) in a transmission manner. The screw (22) is mounted on the support base (1) and is arranged parallel to the air-bearing guide rail (3). The screw pair (23) is connected to the slide (4). When the screw pair (23) moves on the screw (22), it can synchronously drive the slide (4) to move on the air-bearing guide rail (3). Each air flotation assembly (5) includes an air block (51) and a nozzle (52). The air block (51) is mounted on the air flotation guide rail (3), and the nozzle (52) is mounted on the carriage (4). A gap is left between the air outlet of the nozzle (52) and the air block (51) for forming an area of ​​air film.

2. The air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a rodless cylinder (6) and a solenoid valve. The rodless cylinder (6) includes a rear support plate (61), a slide rail and a slider (62) mounted on the slide rail. The slide rail is mounted on the rear support plate (61), which is located on one side of the air-bearing guide rail (3). The slider (62) is connected to the slide frame (4). The solenoid valve is used to control the opening and closing of the air passage of the rodless cylinder (6) so that the slider (62) is locked on the slide rail.

3. The air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an air passage system connected to the jet nozzle (52).

4. The air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The carriage (4) is a rectangular frame, which is formed by four side plates. The rectangular frame is fitted onto the air-bearing guide rail (3), and the air nozzle (52) is embedded in each of the four side plates.

5. The air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The support base (1) includes a base (11), an upper bracket (12) and a lower bracket (13). The upper bracket (12) and the lower bracket (13) are respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the base (11). The motor (21) is mounted on the upper bracket (12). The upper and lower ends of the lead screw (22) are respectively mounted on the upper bracket (12) and the lower bracket (13) through bearings.

6. The air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The air block (51) is provided with a groove (53) that matches the shape of the jet nozzle (52). The jet nozzle (52) is located in the groove (53) and has a gap with the bottom of the groove (53). The air block (51) is provided with a vent hole.

7. The air-suspended machine tool guide rail mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each air flotation assembly (5) includes multiple rings of nozzles (52), which are arranged in a ring. Each ring is spaced apart by multiple nozzles (52). The inner diameter of the air holes of each ring of nozzles (52) is the same. From the outer ring to the inner ring, the inner diameter of the nozzles (52) gradually decreases.

8. A machine tool, characterized in that, Includes the air suspension machine tool guide rail mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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