Neural system pathological reflex detection device and training model thereof

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of medical teaching, and particularly relates to a nervous system pathological reflex detection device and a training model thereof. The pathological reflex detection device for the nervous system comprises a base, a first driving device, a second driving device, a first executing mechanism connected with the first driving device, and a second executing mechanism connected with the second driving device. When positive reflex action of nervous system pathology is carried out, the first actuating mechanism is driven by the first driving device to complete, and when negative reflex action is carried out, the second actuating mechanism is driven by the second driving device to complete. According to the device, positive actions and negative actions of the pathological reflex of the nervous system are realized under the condition that the two different execution mechanisms and the structural characteristics of the hallux and the toes do not influence each other, and the pathological reflex of the nervous system can be detected by different detection methods through the detection units arranged at different parts of the training model.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of medical teaching, and particularly relates to a pathological reflex detection device of nervous system and a training model thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The pathological reflex detection of nervous system is an important detection means for judging whether the pyramidal tract is damaged. The damage of pyramidal tract may be caused by brain diseases or spinal cord lesions. Common diseases include cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, central nervous system space-occupying lesions, multiple sclerosis, acute myelitis, encephalitis, etc.

[0003] At present, there are various detection means for judging whether the pyramidal tract is damaged, such as Babinski sign detection, Oppenheim sign detection, Gordon sign detection, ankle clonus detection, etc. The above detection methods are different. Young doctors or medical students currently mainly learn through tutor explanation and clinical observation of the tutor's detection of the pathological reflex of nervous system. They have little opportunity to practice. Therefore, it is difficult for young doctors or medical students to master the detection means of pathological reflex of nervous system, so as to make a quick and accurate judgment on whether the patient has a pyramidal tract damage disease. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to develop a pathological reflex detection device of nervous system and a training model thereof based on the above technical problems, so as to provide young doctors or medical students with learning and training, and help young doctors or medical students quickly master the detection means of pathological reflex of nervous system.

[0005] A pathological reflex detection device of nervous system comprises:

[0006] a base;

[0007] a first driving device and a second driving device arranged on the base;

[0008] a first actuating mechanism arranged on the base and connected with the first driving device, and a second actuating mechanism arranged on the base and connected with the second driving device;

[0009] The first actuating mechanism comprises a gear, a rack, a main sliding block, a secondary sliding block, a first reset spring, a foot big toe and a foot toe.

[0010] The gear is connected with the rack in a meshing manner. The rack is fixedly connected with the main sliding block. The main sliding block is in contact with the secondary sliding block but not connected with the secondary sliding block. The first reset spring is arranged at one end of the secondary sliding block away from the main sliding block. The foot toe is connected with the main sliding block and the base. The foot big toe is connected with the secondary sliding block and the base. The gear is connected with the output end of the first driving device.

[0011] The second execution mechanism comprises a connecting plate, a foot big toe connecting rod, a foot toe connecting rod, a foot big toe top plate, a foot toe top plate, a second reset spring, a foot big toe and a foot toe, wherein one end of the foot big toe connecting rod is fixedly connected to the foot big toe top plate through a pin shaft, one end is fixedly connected to the foot big toe through a pin shaft, one end of the foot toe connecting rod is fixedly connected to the foot toe top plate through a pin shaft, the other end is fixedly connected to the foot toe through a pin shaft, the second reset spring is sleeved on the foot big toe connecting rod and the foot toe connecting rod respectively, and the connecting plate is connected to the output end of the second driving device.

[0012] Further, a main sliding groove and a secondary sliding groove are arranged on the base to provide stroke space for the movement of the main sliding block and the secondary sliding block,

[0013] The main sliding groove is arranged horizontally on the base, the secondary sliding groove is arranged vertically on the base, the main sliding block moves horizontally relative to the main sliding groove under the driving of the gear, and the secondary sliding block moves vertically relative to the secondary sliding groove under the driving of the main sliding block.

[0014] Further, a foot big toe fixing groove and at least one foot toe fixing groove are arranged on the base, at least one foot toe fixing groove is arranged on the main sliding block, and a long circular sliding groove is arranged on the side of the secondary sliding block.

[0015] Further, the foot big toe comprises a foot big toe joint and a foot big toe tip, the foot big toe joint and the foot big toe tip are connected through a pin shaft, the foot big toe connecting rod penetrates the foot big toe joint, one end is connected to the foot big toe top plate through a pin shaft, and the other end is connected to the foot big toe tip through a pin shaft, two fixing holes are arranged on the side of the foot big toe joint, the fixing hole located on the upper end of the foot big toe joint is fixedly connected to the foot big toe fixing groove on the base through a fixed rotating shaft, and the other fixing hole is movably connected to the long circular sliding groove arranged on the secondary sliding block through a driving shaft.

[0016] Further, the foot toe comprises a foot toe joint and a foot toe tip, the foot toe joint and the foot toe tip are connected through a pin shaft, the foot toe connecting rod penetrates the foot toe joint, one end is connected to the foot toe top plate through a pin shaft, and the other end is connected to the foot toe tip through a pin shaft, a fixing groove and a long circular sliding groove are arranged on the end of the foot toe joint facing the base, the fixing groove is fixedly connected to the foot toe fixing groove on the main sliding block through a fixed rotating shaft, and the long circular sliding groove is movably connected to the foot toe fixing groove on the base through a driving shaft.

[0017] Further, a control unit and a detection unit are further included, and the control unit is electrically connected to the detection unit, the first driving device and the second driving device.

[0018] Further, an analog switch is further included and electrically connected with the control unit, for limiting the movement limit of the main slider.

[0019] Further, a power supply is further included, for providing power support for the device.

[0020] A training model is a simulation human lower limb model, including the neurological pathological reflex detection device of any of the above, wherein the lower limb model includes a foot model and a leg model, and the foot model and the leg model are connected through a steering engine.

[0021] Further, the steering engine includes a steering engine body and a steering engine rotating shaft, wherein the foot model is fixed with the steering engine body through a fixing screw, and the leg model is fixed with the steering engine rotating shaft through a fixing screw.

[0022] Further, the steering engine is electrically connected with the control unit.

[0023] Further, a detection unit is arranged on the foot model and / or the leg model.

[0024] Further, the base can be arranged as a simulation foot bottom of the foot model.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0026] The neurological pathological reflex detection device of the present application can realize positive pathological reflex action through the first driving device driving the first execution mechanism, and can realize negative pathological reflex action through the second driving device driving the second execution mechanism. In the present application, the first execution mechanism drives the main slider to move horizontally and linearly through a gear, so as to drive the foot toe to present a fan-shaped action of positive pathology. The main slider drives the auxiliary slider to move vertically, so as to drive the foot big toe to turn up and present a positive pathological action. The second execution mechanism drives the foot big toe link and the foot toe link to move forward through the connecting plate driving the foot big toe top plate and the foot toe top plate, and drives the foot big toe tip and the foot toe tip to bend downward relative to the foot big toe joint and the foot toe joint, so as to realize a negative pathological action. The detection device realizes positive action and negative action of neurological pathological reflex through two different execution mechanisms and the structural characteristics of the foot big toe and the foot toe without affecting each other. Through the detection units arranged at different positions, the detection of neurological pathological reflex can be realized by different detection methods. The detection device has simple structure, low space occupation, and saves cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The detection device structure schematic diagram of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0028] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first driving device and the first actuator of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between the big toe and the secondary slider;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the foot and toes;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the plantar detection unit;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the layout of the leg detection unit;

[0033] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the connection structure between the foot model and the leg model. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects achieved in this application, a detailed description is provided below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0035] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, a neurological pathological reflex detection device includes a base 1, a first drive device 2 and a second drive device 3 disposed on the base 1; and a first actuator disposed on the base 1 and connected to the first drive device 2, and a second actuator disposed on the base 1 and connected to the second drive device 3. The base can be configured as a simulated foot sole. In this embodiment, the first drive device is configured as a motor and the second drive device is configured as an electric push rod.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the first actuator includes a gear 41, a rack 42, a main slider 43, a secondary slider 44, a first return spring 45, a big toe 6, and a toe 7. Specifically, a main slide groove 11 and a secondary slide groove 12 are provided on the base 1. The main slide groove 11 is arranged laterally on the base 1, and the secondary slide groove 12 is arranged longitudinally on the base 1. The main slide groove 11 and the secondary slide groove 12 are arranged in an approximately "L" shape to provide travel space for the movement of the main slider 43 and the secondary slider 44. The main slider 43 and the secondary slider 44 are in contact but not connected in the main slide groove 11 and the secondary slide groove 12. The rack 42 is fixedly connected to the main slider 43, and the gear 41 is meshed with the rack 42. When the gear rotates, it can drive the main slider 43 to move laterally relative to the base 1, and the secondary slider 44 moves longitudinally relative to the base 1 under the push of the main slider 43.

[0037] The foot toes 7 are connected to the main slider 43 and the base 1, the foot big toe 6 is connected to the auxiliary slider 44 and the base 1, the first reset spring 45 is arranged at the end of the auxiliary slider 44 away from the main slider 43, the first reset spring 45 is arranged between the end of the auxiliary slider 44 away from the main slider 43 and the auxiliary sliding groove 12, and the gear 41 is connected with the motor output end.

[0038] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4 , the second actuating mechanism includes a connecting plate 51, a foot big toe connecting rod 61, a foot toes connecting rod 71, a foot big toe top plate 62, a foot toes top plate 72, a second reset spring 52, a foot big toe 6 and a foot toes 7, one end of the foot big toe connecting rod 61 is fixedly connected to the foot big toe top plate 62 through a pin shaft, and one end is fixedly connected to the foot big toe 6 through a pin shaft, one end of the foot toes connecting rod 71 is fixedly connected to the foot toes top plate 72 through a pin shaft, and the other end is fixedly connected to the foot toes 7 through a pin shaft, the second reset spring 52 is sleeved on the foot big toe connecting rod 61 and the foot toes connecting rod 71 respectively, and the connecting plate 51 is connected with the output end of the electric push rod, in this embodiment, in order to ensure that the foot big toe 6 and the foot toes 7 can act simultaneously, the front end face of the connecting plate 51 is provided with a height difference.

[0039] Further, when the device performs the positive action of the nervous system pathological reflex, the connecting plate 51 is away from the foot big toe top plate 62 and the foot toes top plate 72. In this embodiment, the motor drives the first actuating mechanism to realize the positive action of the nervous system pathological reflex, and the electric push rod drives the second actuating mechanism to realize the negative action of the nervous system pathological reflex. In order to ensure that the positive action and the negative action of the detection device do not affect each other, the gear 41 in the first actuating mechanism is arranged in parallel with the connecting plate 51 of the second actuating mechanism, and has a height difference.

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate how the first actuating mechanism realizes the positive action of the nervous system pathological reflex, i.e. the action of the foot big toe 6 being raised and the foot toes 7 being fanned out, under the driving of the motor. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 3As shown, the toe hallux includes toe hallux joint 63 and toe hallux tip 64, the toe hallux joint 63 and the toe hallux tip 64 are connected by pin shaft 65. Two fixed holes are arranged on the side of the toe hallux joint 63 (not shown in the figure), the fixed hole located on the upper end of the toe hallux joint is connected to the toe hallux fixed slot 16 arranged on the base 1 through the fixed rotating shaft 8, and the other fixed hole is connected to the long circular sliding groove 441 arranged on the sub-sliding block 44 through the driving shaft 9. When the sub-sliding block 44 moves longitudinally, the toe hallux joint 63 is pushed to move upward around the fixed rotating shaft 8, and the toe hallux 6 is realized to be raised upward.

[0041] As shown, Figure 4 The toe phalanx includes toe phalanx joint 73 and toe phalanx tip 74, the toe phalanx joint 73 is connected to the toe phalanx tip 74 through pin shaft 75. The toe phalanx joint 73 is arranged with fixed slot 731 and long circular sliding groove 732 on the side facing the base 1, wherein the fixed slot 731 is fixedly connected to the toe phalanx fixed slot 431 arranged on the main sliding block 43 through the fixed rotating shaft 15, and the long circular sliding groove 732 is movably connected to the toe phalanx fixed slot 13 arranged on the base 1 through the driving shaft 14. When the main sliding block 43 moves transversely, the toe phalanx joint 73 drives the toe phalanx 7 to move outward relative to the base 1 around the fixed rotating shaft 15 as the axis, so that the toe phalanx 7 is fanned out.

[0042] In the embodiment, the stroke of the long circular sliding groove arranged on the sub-sliding block and the long circular sliding groove arranged on the toe phalanx joint needs to meet the stroke of the limit position of the movement of the main sliding block and the sub-sliding block, and the movement position of the main sliding block can be controlled to realize the amplitude of the positive action of the pathological reflex of the nervous system.

[0043] In some embodiments, the second driving motor drives the second execution mechanism to realize the negative action of the pathological reflex of the nervous system, that is, the toe hallux tip 64 and the toe phalanx tip 74 are realized to be in a curved state relative to the toe hallux joint 63 and the toe phalanx joint 73. In combination with Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the second actuator includes a connecting plate 51, a big toe link 61, a toe link 71, a big toe top plate 62, a second return spring 52, a big toe 6, and a toe 7. The big toe 6 includes a big toe joint 63 and a big toe tip 64, which are connected by a pin 65. The big toe tip 64 bends downward relative to the big toe joint 63 about the pin 65. The toe 7 includes a toe joint 73 and a toe tip 74, which are connected to the toe tip 74 by a pin 75. The toe tip 74 can bend downward relative to the toe joint 73 about the pin 75. Taking the toe as an example, the mechanism of the negative action of this device is explained in detail. Specifically, the toe connecting rod 71 passes through the toe joint 73, and fixing holes 711 are provided at both ends of the toe connecting rod 71. One end is connected to the toe top plate 72 by a pin, and the other end is connected to the toe tip 74 by a pin. The second return spring 52 is sleeved on the toe connecting rod 71 near the toe top plate end 72. The structural positional relationship between the big toe connecting rod 61, the big toe top plate 62, the second return spring 52 and the big toe is the same as the structural positional relationship between the toe connecting rod 71, the toe top plate 72, the second return spring 52 and the toe 7. During the execution of a negative reflex action, the connecting plate 51 moves forward under the push of the electric push rod, pushing the big toe top plate 62 and the toe top plate 72 to compress the second return spring 52 and drive the big toe connecting rod 61 and the toe connecting rod 71 to move forward, thereby pushing the big toe tip 64 to bend downward around the pin 65 and pushing the toe tip 74 to bend downward around the pin 75, realizing the presentation of the negative action of the pathological reflex of the nervous system. During the resetting, the electric push rod drives the connecting plate 51 to move backward, and the connecting plate 51 moves away from the big toe top plate 62 and the toe top plate 72. The compressed second return spring 52 pushes the big toe top plate 62 and the toe top plate 72 to move backward under the action of elasticity, driving the big toe connecting rod 61 and the toe connecting rod 71 to move backward, thereby driving the big toe tip 64 and the toe tip 74 to reset.

[0044] In some embodiments, a control unit and a detection unit are also included, wherein the control unit is electrically connected to the first driving device, the second driving device, and the detection unit. The detection unit is configured as a first detection unit and a second detection unit; in this embodiment, the detection unit is configured as a thin-film pressure sensor.

[0045] In some embodiments, an analog switch 46 is also provided (e.g., Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the analog switch 46 is used to limit the extreme position of the main slider movement. It is disposed on the base 1 and electrically connected to the control unit.

[0046] In some embodiments, a power supply is further included to provide power support for the device.

[0047] In some embodiments, the device is combined with Figure 6 and Figure 7 To meet the learning and practice needs of young doctors and / or medical students in various neurological pathological reflex detection methods, a training model is provided in the embodiment, which is a simulated lower limb model, including a foot model 17 and a leg model 18. The foot model 17 includes a simulated skeleton and a simulated skin, and the leg model 18 includes a simulated skeleton and a simulated skin. The foot model 17 is connected to the leg model 18 through a steering engine, and the steering engine is electrically connected to the control unit. The steering engine includes a steering engine body 19 and a steering engine rotating shaft 191. Specifically, the foot model 17 is fixed to the steering engine body 19 through a fixing screw, and the leg model 18 is fixed to the steering engine rotating shaft 191 through a fixing screw. The steering engine rotating shaft 191 can rotate relative to the steering engine body 19, thereby driving the foot model 17 to move up and down relative to the leg model 18.

[0048] Further, the first detection unit is arranged between the simulated skeleton and the simulated skin of the sole 171 of the foot model 17 along the Babinski sign detection path. Specifically, the first detection unit is 5 film pressure sensors 172 (as shown in the figure). In the embodiment, the base 1 can be arranged as the sole 171 of the foot model 17. The second detection unit is arranged on both sides of the tibia of the leg model 18 along the Oppenheim sign detection path. Specifically, the second detection unit is 6 groups of film pressure sensors 181 (as shown in the figure). Figure 5 Figure 6 In some embodiments, the first detection unit and the second detection unit can be arranged at any position of the foot model or the leg model according to different detection method requirements, and the film pressure sensors can also be increased or decreased according to detection requirements.

[0049] When a young doctor or a medical student performs a neurological pathological reflex detection training, the film pressure sensors arranged on the sole of the foot model are pressed in sequence according to the direction of the arrow until the control unit detects that the pressure change of the film pressure sensor arranged in the direction of the arrow reaches a set threshold value, and then issues an instruction to the motor or the electric push rod to move. The motor drives the first execution mechanism to present a positive reflex action, or the electric push rod drives the second execution mechanism to present a negative reflex action, thereby completing the detection of the Babinski sign. Similarly, by pressing the film pressure sensors arranged on the leg model, the Oppenheim sign can be detected.

[0050] ​The training model can also perform detection exercises for ankle clonus. By simultaneously pressing the film pressure sensor arranged on the foot model and the leg model, a film pressure sensor is arranged on the sole of the foot model and a film pressure sensor is arranged on the tibia side of the leg model according to requirements. When the control unit detects that the pressure change of the film pressure sensor reaches a set threshold value, an instruction is issued to the steering engine, and the steering engine drives the foot to realize tremor to simulate ankle clonus.

Claims

1. A nervous system pathological reflex detection device characterized by, It comprises: a base; a first driving device and a second driving device arranged on the base; a first actuator arranged on the base and connected with the first driving device, and a second actuator arranged on the base and connected with the second driving device; wherein the first actuator comprises a gear, a rack, a main sliding block, a secondary sliding block, a first reset spring, a big toe and a toe, the gear is connected with the rack in an engaging manner, the rack is fixedly connected with the main sliding block, the main sliding block is in contact with the secondary sliding block but not connected with the secondary sliding block, the first reset spring is arranged at one end of the secondary sliding block away from the main sliding block, the toe is connected with the main sliding block and the base, the big toe is connected with the secondary sliding block and the base, and the gear is connected with the output end of the first driving device; the second actuator comprises a connecting plate, a big toe connecting rod, a toe connecting rod, a big toe top plate, a toe top plate, a second reset spring, a big toe and a toe, one end of the big toe connecting rod is connected with the big toe top plate through a pin shaft, one end of the big toe connecting rod is connected with the big toe through a pin shaft, one end of the toe connecting rod is fixedly connected with the toe top plate through a pin shaft, the other end of the toe connecting rod is fixedly connected with the toe through a pin shaft, the second reset spring is sleeved on the big toe connecting rod and the toe connecting rod respectively, and the connecting plate is connected with the output end of the second driving device.

2. The neurological pathological reflex detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein A main sliding groove and a secondary sliding groove are arranged on the base to provide stroke space for the movement of the main sliding block and the secondary sliding block, the main sliding groove is arranged transversely on the base, the secondary sliding groove is arranged longitudinally on the base, the main sliding block moves transversely relative to the main sliding groove under the drive of the gear, and the main sliding block pushes the secondary sliding block to move longitudinally relative to the secondary sliding groove.

3. The neurological pathological reflex detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein A big toe fixing groove and at least one toe fixing groove are arranged on the base, at least one toe fixing groove is arranged on the main sliding block, and an oblong sliding groove is arranged on the side of the secondary sliding block.

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein The big toe comprises a big toe joint and a big toe tip, the big toe joint and the big toe tip are connected through a pin shaft, two fixing holes are arranged on the side of the big toe joint, one fixing hole is fixedly connected with the big toe fixing groove on the base through a fixed rotating shaft, and the other fixing hole is movably connected with the oblong sliding groove arranged on the side of the secondary sliding block through a driving shaft.

5. The neurological pathological reflex detection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The toe comprises a toe joint and a toe tip, the toe joint and the toe tip are connected through a pin shaft, a fixing groove and an oblong sliding groove are arranged on the end of the toe joint facing the base, the fixing groove is fixedly connected with the toe fixing groove on the main sliding block through a fixed rotating shaft, and the oblong sliding groove is movably connected with the toe fixing groove on the base through a driving shaft.

6. The neurological reflex detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein A control unit and a detection unit are further included, the control unit is electrically connected with the detection unit, the first driving device and the second driving device.

7. The device according to claim 6, wherein An analog switch is further electrically connected with the control unit.

8. A training model for a simulated lower extremity model, characterized by, The neurological pathological reflex detection device according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the lower limb model comprises a foot model and a leg model, and the foot model and the leg model are connected by a steering engine.

9. The training model of claim 8, wherein, The steering engine comprises a steering engine body and a steering engine rotating shaft, and the foot model is fixed to the steering engine body by a fixing screw, and the leg model is fixed to the steering engine rotating shaft by a fixing screw.

10. The training model of claim 8, wherein, The steering engine is electrically connected to the control unit.

11. The training model of any of claims 8 or 9, wherein, A detection unit is arranged on the foot model and / or the leg model.

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