Communication terminal of power distribution network

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of smart power grids, and discloses a communication terminal of a power distribution network, which is used for solving the problems of high protocol adaptation cost, hardware resource waste and insufficient flexibility of the existing communication terminal. The communication terminal comprises a terminal basic module, a communication multiplexing basic module and at least two external communication modules, wherein each external communication module corresponds to one communication protocol; the terminal basic module comprises a CPU circuit and a communication basic circuit connected with the CPU circuit; the communication multiplexing basic module is connected with the CPU circuit, and each external communication module is connected with the CPU circuit through the communication multiplexing basic module; the communication multiplexing basic module is in communication connection with a target communication module under the switching operation of a user so as to receive data transmitted by corresponding target equipment in the power distribution network, and the target communication module is one of at least two external communication modules.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of smart grids, and more particularly to a communication terminal for a distribution network. Background Technology

[0002] As the intelligence level of power grids continues to deepen, remote communication of equipment within the grid has become an essential component for achieving grid intelligence. Currently, to achieve coordinated control and optimized operation among the power generation, grid, load, and storage components, a communication terminal for data transmission has been developed. This terminal enables data acquisition and transmission from various devices within the power grid, and even allows for remote control of these devices using remote commands. However, because the communication protocols used by devices in the power grid are not uniform, and different manufacturers use different protocols (e.g., RS-485, RS-232), corresponding communication devices need to be configured for different protocol types to achieve data acquisition and transmission. This increases control costs and hinders future hardware simplification requirements. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides a communication terminal for power distribution networks, which solves the problems of high protocol adaptation costs, waste of hardware resources, and insufficient flexibility of existing communication terminals.

[0004] This application provides a communication terminal for a power distribution network, comprising: a terminal base module, a communication multiplexing base module, and at least two external communication modules, wherein each of the external communication modules corresponds to a communication protocol;

[0005] The terminal basic module includes a CPU circuit and a communication basic circuit connected to the CPU circuit; the communication multiplexing basic module is connected to the CPU circuit, and each of the external communication modules is connected to the CPU circuit through the communication multiplexing basic module;

[0006] Under the user's switching operation, the communication multiplexing basic module connects its communication with the target communication module to receive data transmitted from the corresponding target device in the power distribution network, wherein the target communication module is one of at least two external communication modules.

[0007] In one feasible embodiment of this application, the at least two external communication modules include: an RS-485 and RS-232 communication module, an Ethernet communication module, and a CAN communication module.

[0008] In one feasible embodiment of this application, the communication multiplexing basic module includes:

[0009] The switching circuit connected to the CPU circuit;

[0010] An RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit is connected to the switching circuit, and the RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit is connected to the RS-485 and RS-232 communication module;

[0011] The Ethernet transmission circuit and the CAN data transmission circuit are connected to the CPU circuit.

[0012] An optoelectronic port module multiplexing circuit is provided between the Ethernet transmission circuit and the CPU circuit.

[0013] In one feasible embodiment of this application, the RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit includes a first interface and a digital isolation chip. One end of the digital isolation chip is connected to the switching circuit, and the other end of the digital isolation chip is connected to one end of the first interface. The other end of the first interface is connected to the RS-485 and RS-232 communication module.

[0014] In one feasible embodiment of this application, the Ethernet transmission circuit includes a second interface, an isolation transformer, and an Ethernet chip. The isolation transformer is connected in series between the second interface and the Ethernet chip. The Ethernet chip is connected to the CPU circuit, and the second interface is connected to the Ethernet communication module.

[0015] In one feasible embodiment of this application, the optoelectronic port module multiplexing circuit includes: a third interface, and an optical port and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit; one end of the optical port and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit is connected to the third interface, and the other end of the optical port and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit is connected to the Ethernet chip.

[0016] The optical and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit achieves adaptive control of the optical and electrical ports by cooperating with the level signal input from the third interface through its internal pull-up and pull-down resistors.

[0017] In one feasible embodiment of this application, the CAN data transmission circuit includes a fourth interface and an isolated CAN chip. One end of the isolated CAN chip is connected to the CPU circuit, and the other end of the isolated CAN chip is connected to the fourth interface. The fourth interface is connected to the CAN communication module.

[0018] In one feasible embodiment of this application, the communication infrastructure circuit includes a digital signal acquisition circuit and a digital signal output circuit respectively connected to the CPU circuit, for realizing data acquisition and output functions.

[0019] In one feasible embodiment of this application, the at least two external communication modules further include: a 4G / 5G module and a SIM card slot, one end of the 4G / 5G module is connected to the SIM card slot, and the other end of the 4G / 5G module is connected to the CPU circuit.

[0020] In one feasible embodiment of this application, the at least two external communication modules are integrated on independent printed circuit boards and connected to the communication multiplexing base module via connectors.

[0021] The communication terminal provided in this application includes a terminal basic module, a communication multiplexing basic module, and at least two external communication modules, each corresponding to a communication protocol. The terminal basic module includes a CPU circuit and a communication basic circuit connected to the CPU circuit. The communication multiplexing basic module is connected to the CPU circuit, and each external communication module is connected to the CPU circuit through the communication multiplexing basic module. Under the user's switching operation, the communication multiplexing basic module establishes its communication connection with the target communication module to receive data transmitted from the corresponding target device in the power distribution network. The target communication module is one of the at least two external communication modules. This allows the communication terminal to be compatible with multiple communication protocols such as RS-485, RS-232, CAN, Ethernet, and 4G / 5G, making it suitable for a wide range of scenarios. Users can select and switch different communication modules according to their actual needs, avoiding secondary development due to different technical protocols and providing flexibility in protocol configuration and reducing hardware design costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the communication terminal in this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the communication terminal in this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the communication terminal in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms “comprising” or “having” and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, including a system, product, or device is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such products or devices.

[0027] In existing technologies, the development of smart grids has led to a surge in demand for remote communication of equipment. Different manufacturers use diverse communication protocols, such as RS-485, RS-232, and Ethernet, resulting in data acquisition systems requiring multiple dedicated communication devices. This distributed architecture not only increases hardware procurement costs but also causes problems such as equipment stacking and maintenance difficulties, hindering the intensive development of distribution network control systems. In a substation renovation project, it was necessary to simultaneously connect smart meters using the RS-485 protocol, relay protection devices supporting Ethernet, and environmental monitoring equipment using CAN bus. Traditional solutions required deploying three independent communication terminals, leading to increased space occupancy and significantly increased wiring complexity.

[0028] To address the aforementioned issues, based on the characteristics of communication interface circuits, a modular approach to protocol conversion is proposed. This approach attempts to construct a configurable communication interface pool, ultimately resulting in a solution that achieves protocol adaptation through hardware switching, thus maintaining compatibility with multiple communication standards while preserving the single-device form factor.

[0029] like Figure 1-3 The image shows an embodiment of a communication terminal proposed in this application. The communication terminal includes a terminal base module 110, a communication multiplexing base module 120, and at least two external communication modules 130, wherein each external communication module 130 corresponds to a communication protocol.

[0030] The terminal basic module 110 includes a CPU circuit 111 and a communication basic circuit 112 connected to the CPU circuit 111; the communication multiplexing basic module 120 is connected to the CPU circuit 111, and each of the external communication modules 130 is connected to the CPU circuit 111 through the communication multiplexing basic module 120.

[0031] Under the user's switching operation, the communication multiplexing basic module 120 connects its communication with the target communication module to receive data transmitted from the corresponding target device in the power distribution network, wherein the target communication module is one of at least two external communication modules 130.

[0032] The main functions of the CPU circuit 111 include data acquisition, transmission and control; the main functions of the communication basic circuit 112 include digital signal acquisition and digital signal output.

[0033] The terminal basic module 110 includes a data processing core (CPU circuit 111) and a hardware unit for basic communication functions (communication basic circuit 112). Specifically, it can be implemented using an ARM Cortex-M series microcontroller in conjunction with an SPI bus interface circuit, which is used to perform data parsing and instruction control.

[0034] The communication multiplexing basic module 120 can be understood as a hardware component used to implement multi-channel switching. Specifically, it can be constructed using a multiplexing chip in conjunction with a relay array, undertaking the physical layer signal routing function. The external communication module refers to the interface unit that supports a specific communication protocol. For example, it uses the MAX485 chip to implement RS-485 communication, and physical isolation ensures that each protocol module operates independently.

[0035] Specifically, the CPU circuit 111 establishes a dynamic connection channel through the communication multiplexing base module 120. When the user selects RS-485 communication, the communication multiplexing base module 120 switches the signal path to the corresponding external communication module 130, isolating the electrical connections of other external communication modules 130.

[0036] For example, when the Ethernet communication module in the external communication module 130 is enabled, the PHY chip automatically negotiates the transmission rate and interacts with the CPU through an independent channel. All modules share the same data processing core, avoiding redundant resource configuration. In substation application scenarios, operators select the type of device requiring communication through the HMI interface, and the communication multiplexing basic module 120 immediately establishes the corresponding physical connection, enabling a single terminal to support multiple device access.

[0037] In one feasible embodiment, the at least two external communication modules 130 include: an RS-485 and RS-232 communication module 131, an Ethernet communication module 132, and a CAN communication module 133. It should be noted that these modules are all configured as independent integrated modules.

[0038] The RS-485 and RS-232 communication module 131 includes an RS-485 communication chip and a corresponding interface, as well as an RS-232 communication chip and a corresponding interface.

[0039] In practical applications, the at least two external communication modules 130 are specifically configured as different modules corresponding to RS-485 communication protocol, RS-232 communication protocol, Ethernet communication protocol, CAN communication protocol, etc., and each module is printed on a separate circuit board. Each individual external communication module 130 is then connected to the communication multiplexing base module 120, which in turn is connected to the terminal base module 110. Users can switch the communication multiplexing base module 120 to select the corresponding protocol channel, thereby enabling the selection of at least one of the external communication modules 130 as the target communication module for data transmission.

[0040] Among them, RS-485 and RS-232 communication module 131 refers to a hardware unit that supports serial communication protocols. Specifically, it can be implemented using an integrated circuit chip with level conversion function, and is used to be compatible with devices that use RS-485 or RS-232 protocols.

[0041] Ethernet communication module 132 refers to a hardware unit that supports TCP / IP network transmission. Specifically, it can be implemented using an Ethernet controller with an integrated PHY chip for high-speed data transmission and remote network communication.

[0042] The CAN communication module 133 refers to a hardware unit that supports the Controller Area Network Protocol. Specifically, it can be implemented using a CAN transceiver chip with isolation function, and is used for reliable data interaction between devices in industrial control scenarios.

[0043] Specifically, the RS-485 and RS-232 communication modules 131 achieve compatibility between the two serial protocols by reusing the same set of physical interfaces, avoiding the need for separate hardware circuits. The Ethernet communication module 132 connects to network devices via a standard RJ45 interface, supporting data transmission at speeds of 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps. The CAN communication module 133 connects to industrial control equipment via a twisted-pair interface, meeting high anti-interference requirements. These three modules work together with the CPU by reusing basic circuitry, enabling a single terminal to simultaneously adapt to target devices using different protocols.

[0044] This embodiment integrates multiple communication interfaces through the communication multiplexing basic module 120, achieving multi-protocol compatibility within a single terminal, reducing the number of hardware components and wiring complexity, and solving the hardware redundancy problem caused by differences in equipment communication protocols in the power distribution network. At the same time, by integrating RS-485 / RS-232, Ethernet and CAN communication modules, the terminal can directly adapt to devices using different protocols, reducing deployment costs in multi-protocol scenarios and simplifying the hardware replacement process in subsequent operation and maintenance.

[0045] In this embodiment, the communication multiplexing infrastructure module 120 includes:

[0046] Switching circuit 121 connected to the CPU circuit 111;

[0047] The RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit 122 is connected to the switching circuit 121, and the RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit 122 is connected to the RS-485 and RS-232 communication module 131;

[0048] The Ethernet transmission circuit 123 and the CAN data transmission circuit 124 are connected to the CPU circuit 111.

[0049] An optoelectronic port module multiplexing circuit 125 is provided between the Ethernet transmission circuit 123 and the CPU circuit 111.

[0050] The switching circuit 121 is an electronic switch used to control the connection status between different external communication modules 130 and the CPU circuit 111. Specifically, it can be implemented using a multiplexer or a relay array, switching different channels to select the corresponding external communication module 130. Furthermore, the switching circuit 121 is actually a switching device, such as a physical manual switching device, used to implement RS485 and RS232 multiplexing functions.

[0051] RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit 122 refers to a compatible interface circuit that supports two serial communication protocols. Specifically, it can be implemented by combining a level conversion chip and a signal switching chip, reducing hardware redundancy by sharing a physical interface.

[0052] The optoelectronic port module multiplexing circuit 125 refers to an adaptive conversion module that simultaneously supports fiber optic interfaces and electrical signal interfaces. Specifically, it can be implemented through an optocoupler isolator and a level matching circuit, automatically switching the transmission mode according to the type of input signal from the interface.

[0053] Specifically, after receiving the user's operation command, the switching circuit 121 connects the signal path corresponding to the target communication module to the CPU circuit 111. The RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit 122 enables a single physical interface to be compatible with both serial protocols by sharing a digital isolation chip and interface terminals. The Ethernet transmission circuit 123 achieves signal isolation through an isolation transformer, and the optoelectronic port module multiplexing circuit 125 automatically identifies the optical or electrical port mode based on the input level of the third interface, eliminating the need for manual jumper settings. The CAN data transmission circuit 124 achieves electrical isolation between the bus signal and the CPU circuit 111 through an isolation CAN chip.

[0054] This application integrates multiple protocol interfaces through a communication multiplexing module 120 and uses a switching circuit 121 to dynamically select the external communication module 130, reducing the number of discrete components. Optical-to-electrical port multiplexing technology replaces traditional independent optical and electrical modules, reducing material costs and maintenance difficulty. This application achieves hardware sharing for multiple protocol interfaces, solving the interface redundancy problem caused by protocol inconsistencies in traditional solutions. The multiplexing circuit design allows a single interface to support two serial communication protocols, the switching circuit 121 enables dynamic selection of the external communication module 130, and the optical-to-electrical port adaptive function avoids manual switching operations, improving equipment deployment efficiency.

[0055] In this embodiment, the RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit 122 includes a first interface 1221 and a digital isolation chip 1222. One end of the digital isolation chip 1222 is connected to the switching circuit 121, and the other end of the digital isolation chip 1222 is connected to one end of the first interface 1221. The other end of the first interface 1221 is connected to the RS-485 and RS-232 communication module 131. Strong and weak current isolation is achieved through the digital isolation chip 1222. The switching device is connected to the first interface 1221, enabling selection between RS485 and RS232 communication.

[0056] In this embodiment, the Ethernet transmission circuit 123 includes a second interface 1231, an isolation transformer 1232, and an Ethernet chip 1233. The isolation transformer 1232 is connected in series between the second interface 1231 and the Ethernet chip 1233. The Ethernet chip 1233 is connected to the CPU circuit 111. The second interface 1231 is connected to the Ethernet communication module 132.

[0057] The second interface 1231 refers to the physical port used to connect the Ethernet communication module 132, which can be implemented using an RJ45 connector. Its function is to provide a standardized access channel for external Ethernet devices.

[0058] The isolation transformer 1232 is a component that realizes signal transmission and electrical isolation. Specifically, it can be implemented by a magnetic core transformer with a shielding layer. Its function is to transmit signals through electromagnetic coupling and suppress common-mode interference, and protect the internal circuit from the influence of external voltage fluctuations.

[0059] Ethernet chip 1233 refers to an integrated circuit that implements data link layer protocol processing. Specifically, it can be implemented using a PHY chip that supports 10 / 100Mbps. Its function is to convert the digital signal output by CPU circuit 111 into a differential signal that conforms to the Ethernet standard, and at the same time parse the received data frames.

[0060] Specifically, the Ethernet transmission circuit 123 receives data transmitted from the external Ethernet communication module 132 through the second interface 1231. After the isolation transformer 1232 performs electrical isolation and noise filtering on the signal, it transmits the differential signal to the Ethernet chip 1233. The Ethernet chip 1233 converts the signal into a parallel data format and transmits it to the CPU circuit 111 for processing via the bus. When the CPU circuit 111 needs to send data outward, the Ethernet chip 1233 converts the parallel data into a differential signal, which is coupled through the isolation transformer 1232 and output to the Ethernet communication module 132 through the second interface 1231. This design eliminates interference caused by ground potential difference through the isolation transformer 1232 and uses the Ethernet chip 1233 to perform protocol conversion, ensuring data compatibility between different Ethernet devices.

[0061] This design integrates an isolation transformer 1232 and an Ethernet chip 1233 in series, achieving both signal isolation and protocol conversion within a single circuit module. This reduces circuit board footprint and enhances anti-interference capabilities. It resolves the data transmission instability issues caused by complex electrical environments in Ethernet communication. Furthermore, the standardized interface and protocol processing chip enable compatible access to Ethernet devices from different manufacturers, reducing hardware adaptation costs due to protocol differences.

[0062] In this embodiment, the optoelectronic port module multiplexing circuit 125 includes: a third interface 1251, and an optical port and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit 1252; one end of the optical port and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit 1252 is connected to the third interface 1251, and the other end of the optical port and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit 1252 is connected to the Ethernet chip 1233.

[0063] The optical and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit 1252 achieves optical port adaptive control by cooperating with the level signal input from the third interface through its internal pull-up and pull-down resistors.

[0064] The third interface 1251 refers to the physical interface used to connect optical or electrical transmission media. Specifically, it can be implemented using an RJ45 connector, which contains compatible pins for both optical and electrical modules.

[0065] The optical and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit 1252 refers to a circuit that can automatically switch the optical signal or electrical signal path according to the type of the access transmission medium. Specifically, it can be implemented by combining level detection logic with a switching switch, for example, by using a multiplexer in conjunction with a comparator circuit.

[0066] Pull-up and pull-down resistors are resistors connected between a signal line and power or ground. Specifically, they can be surface-mount resistors with a resistance of, for example, 4.7kΩ, used to maintain a fixed voltage level when there is no external signal input. A voltage level signal is a voltage signal that reflects the interface connection status. This can be achieved by detecting voltage changes on specific pins of the third interface 1251. For example, a high level is triggered when an optical module is inserted, and a low level is maintained when an electrical module is inserted.

[0067] Specifically, when the third interface 1251 is connected to an optical fiber, the insertion of the optical module changes the voltage level of the pins inside the interface. The pull-up and pull-down resistors, in conjunction with the comparator in the optical and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit 1252, transmit a high-level signal to the switching control unit, thereby enabling the optical signal transmission path and disabling the electrical signal path. When a network cable is connected, the interface pins remain at a low level, and the multiplexing circuit automatically switches to the electrical signal path. The entire process requires no manual intervention with hardware jumpers or software configuration; the circuit automatically identifies and switches between optical and electrical transmission modes. In practical applications, the EN pin is high when an electrical module is plugged in and low when an optical module is plugged in. The high or low voltage indicates whether the connected module is an optical or electrical module.

[0068] In this embodiment, the CAN data transmission circuit 124 includes a fourth interface 1241 and an isolated CAN chip 1242. One end of the isolated CAN chip 1242 is connected to the CPU circuit 111, and the other end of the isolated CAN chip 1242 is connected to the fourth interface 1241. The fourth interface 1241 is connected to the CAN communication module 133.

[0069] Among them, the isolation CAN chip 1242 refers to an integrated circuit used to achieve high and low voltage electrical isolation. Specifically, it can be implemented using the ADM3053 chip. This chip integrates isolation power supply and signal isolation circuits to block common-mode interference during CAN bus signal transmission.

[0070] The fourth interface 1241 refers to the standard CAN bus physical connector, which can be implemented using a common connector. It is used to establish a physical channel with the external CAN communication module 133, such as a twisted pair connector.

[0071] Specifically, the CAN data transmission circuit 124 electrically isolates the digital signal output from the CPU circuit 111 via the isolation CAN chip 1242 before transmitting it to the fourth interface 1241. The fourth interface 1241 then transmits the isolated signal to the external CAN communication module 133 via a cable. When an external device sends data via the CAN bus, the signal is input through the fourth interface 1241, first undergoes level conversion and noise filtering by the isolation CAN chip 1242, and then is transmitted to the CPU circuit 111 for data processing. This bidirectional isolation mechanism effectively blocks electrical interference between external devices and the core circuit.

[0072] In this embodiment, the communication infrastructure circuit 112 includes a digital signal acquisition circuit and a digital signal output circuit that are respectively connected to the CPU circuit 111, for realizing data acquisition and output functions.

[0073] Among them, the digital signal acquisition circuit refers to the circuit that converts external analog signals into digital signals. Specifically, it can be implemented by using an analog-to-digital converter combined with a signal conditioning circuit, and is used to acquire the status parameters of power distribution network equipment.

[0074] A digital signal output circuit is a circuit that converts digital signals into externally executable instructions. Specifically, it can be implemented by combining a digital-to-analog converter with a driver amplifier circuit, and is used to send control commands to power distribution network equipment.

[0075] Specifically, the digital signal acquisition circuit receives analog signals, such as voltage or current signals, from the power distribution network equipment via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). After filtering and amplification by the signal conditioning circuit, the signals are transmitted to the CPU circuit. The digital signal output circuit receives control commands generated by the CPU circuit 111, converts the digital commands into analog signals via an ADC, and then amplifies the signal strength via a drive amplifier circuit before outputting them to the power distribution network equipment. Thus, data acquisition and command output functions are integrated into the communication base circuit 112, eliminating the need for separate modules and reducing hardware complexity. By integrating digital signal acquisition and output functions into the communication base circuit 112, the number of hardware components is reduced, and interference problems that may occur when signals are transmitted between multiple modules are avoided, improving the reliability of data processing and ease of maintenance.

[0076] In this embodiment, the at least two external communication modules 130 further include a 4G / 5G module 134 and a SIM card slot 135. One end of the 4G / 5G module 134 is connected to the SIM card slot 135, and the other end of the 4G / 5G module 134 is connected to the CPU circuit 111.

[0077] Among them, the 4G / 5G module 134 refers to a wireless communication module that supports mobile communication network transmission. Specifically, it can be implemented using a hardware module that integrates baseband chips and radio frequency circuits, and is used to establish a remote communication link through a cellular network.

[0078] SIM card slot 135 refers to the slot structure used to install user identity cards. Specifically, it can be implemented using a standard-sized or micro-sized card slot structure. By inserting a SIM card, it provides the 4G / 5G module 134 with operator network access permissions.

[0079] Specifically, in the power distribution network communication terminal, the 4G / 5G module 134 obtains mobile network connectivity through the SIM card slot 135 and establishes a data interaction channel with the CPU circuit 111. When the environment where the power distribution network equipment is located does not have wired communication conditions, the CPU circuit 111 can upload the collected data to the cloud server or receive remote control commands through the 4G / 5G module 134. This design enables the communication terminal to achieve data transmission over a wide coverage area without relying on physical cables, while also being compatible with cellular network protocol standards.

[0080] This embodiment, by introducing a 4G / 5G module 134, expands wireless transmission capabilities without adding extra communication equipment, reducing reliance on specific physical interfaces. It also solves the deployment limitations of existing communication terminals due to their single protocol, enabling stable communication via wireless networks in complex environments while reducing hardware replacement costs caused by protocol incompatibility.

[0081] In this embodiment, the at least two external communication modules 130 are integrated on independent printed circuit boards and connected to the communication multiplexing base module 120 via connectors. The connectors consist of multiple 90-degree bent pins with a 2.54mm pitch.

[0082] Independent printed circuit boards are made of FR-4 material in single-layer or multi-layer board structures. Connectors are mechanical structures used to achieve electrical connections between circuit boards. Specifically, they can be implemented using contact connectors with metal pins and slots, and their function is to provide a detachable physical interface for modular design.

[0083] Specifically, each external communication module 130 is packaged on an independent printed circuit board, forming a physical unit with complete communication functionality. When a communication protocol needs to be switched, the target module is plugged into the communication multiplexing base module 120 via connectors, allowing for quick replacement of external communication modules 130 with different protocols without interfering with other circuits. This discrete design ensures that hardware maintenance only requires operation on a single module, preventing the entire terminal from being rendered unusable due to a partial failure.

[0084] It should be noted that the 2.54 pitch refers to the center distance between adjacent bent pins being 2.54 mm. This can be achieved using pin header specifications that conform to international standards. This pitch ensures precise matching of the pin positions between the connector and the printed circuit board, avoiding poor contact or assembly difficulties caused by pitch deviations.

[0085] The 90-degree bend refers to the right-angle bend structure formed at the connection point of the pin. Specifically, it can be achieved by processing the metal pin through a stamping process. The right-angle bend structure enables the connector to achieve a compact connection between the printed circuit board and the communication multiplexing base module 120 in the vertical direction, reducing the lateral space occupied.

[0086] Specifically, multiple 90-degree bent pins with a 2.54mm pitch are arranged as the main structure of the connector. The printed circuit board (PCB) is electrically connected to the communication multiplexing base module 120 via the vertical insertion of the bent pins. During insertion, the right-angled portion of the bent pin guides the PCB to move vertically until the pins are fully in contact with the corresponding sockets of the communication multiplexing base module 120. Due to the standardized pin pitch, PCBs of different external communication modules 130 can be quickly replaced using connectors of the same specification. Simultaneously, the right-angled structure provides mechanical restraint during insertion and removal, preventing pin misalignment or detachment due to external force.

[0087] By combining standard spacing with right-angle bends, both module plug-in compatibility is ensured, and connection stability is enhanced through mechanical limiting, making it particularly suitable for scenarios where communication modules are frequently replaced in power distribution network communication terminals. It also enables rapid and reliable connection between the external communication module 130 and the communication multiplexing base module 120. The modular design allows a single connector to be adapted to printed circuit boards corresponding to multiple communication protocols, reducing assembly complexity caused by interface incompatibility. Simultaneously, the right-angle bend structure improves the connector's layout flexibility in confined spaces, simplifying production and maintenance processes.

[0088] In summary, the communication terminal provided above enables coordinated and optimized control of various devices in the power distribution network. It is compatible with multiple communication protocols, has a wide range of applications, and avoids secondary development due to incompatible technical protocols. Furthermore, it achieves RS485 and RS232 multiplexing, realizing strong and weak current isolation in the circuit.

[0089] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A communication terminal of a power distribution network, characterized by, The communication terminal includes: a terminal basic module, a communication multiplexing basic module, and at least two external communication modules, wherein each of the external communication modules corresponds to a communication protocol; The terminal basic module includes a CPU circuit and a communication basic circuit connected to the CPU circuit; the communication multiplexing basic module is connected to the CPU circuit, and each of the external communication modules is connected to the CPU circuit through the communication multiplexing basic module; Under the user's switching operation, the communication multiplexing basic module connects its communication with the target communication module to receive data transmitted from the corresponding target device in the power distribution network, wherein the target communication module is one of at least two external communication modules.

2. The communication terminal of the power distribution network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least two external communication modules include: an RS-485 and RS-232 communication module, an Ethernet communication module, and a CAN communication module.

3. A communication terminal for a power distribution network according to claim 2, wherein, The communication multiplexing basic module includes: The switching circuit connected to the CPU circuit; An RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit is connected to the switching circuit, and the RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit is connected to the RS-485 and RS-232 communication module; The Ethernet transmission circuit and the CAN data transmission circuit are connected to the CPU circuit. An optoelectronic port module multiplexing circuit is provided between the Ethernet transmission circuit and the CPU circuit.

4. The communication terminal of the power distribution network according to claim 3, wherein, The RS-485 and RS-232 multiplexing circuit includes a first interface and a digital isolation chip. One end of the digital isolation chip is connected to the switching circuit, and the other end of the digital isolation chip is connected to one end of the first interface. The other end of the first interface is connected to the RS-485 and RS-232 communication module.

5. The communication terminal of claim 3, wherein the communication terminal is a power distribution network terminal. The Ethernet transmission circuit includes a second interface, an isolation transformer, and an Ethernet chip. The isolation transformer is connected in series between the second interface and the Ethernet chip. The Ethernet chip is connected to the CPU circuit, and the second interface is connected to the Ethernet communication module.

6. A communication terminal for a power distribution network according to claim 5, wherein, The optoelectronic port module multiplexing circuit includes: a third interface, and an optical port and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit; one end of the optical port and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit is connected to the third interface, and the other end of the optical port and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit is connected to the Ethernet chip. The optical and electrical port adaptive multiplexing circuit achieves adaptive control of the optical and electrical ports by cooperating with the level signal input from the third interface through its internal pull-up and pull-down resistors.

7. The communication terminal of a power distribution network according to claim 3, wherein, The CAN data transmission circuit includes a fourth interface and an isolated CAN chip. One end of the isolated CAN chip is connected to the CPU circuit, and the other end of the isolated CAN chip is connected to the fourth interface. The fourth interface is connected to the CAN communication module.

8. A communication terminal of a power distribution network according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The communication infrastructure circuit includes a digital signal acquisition circuit and a digital signal output circuit, which are respectively connected to the CPU circuit, and are used to realize the data acquisition and output functions.

9. A communication terminal for a power distribution network according to claim 2, characterized in that, The at least two external communication modules further include a 4G / 5G module and a SIM card slot, with one end of the 4G / 5G module connected to the SIM card slot and the other end of the 4G / 5G module connected to the CPU circuit.

10. A communication terminal for a power distribution network according to claim 8, characterized in that, The at least two external communication modules are integrated on separate printed circuit boards and connected to the communication multiplexing base module via connectors.

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