Foam flotation unit

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a froth flotation unit comprising: a flotation tank (101, 201); a foam collection chute (105, 205) having a foam overflow lip (106, 206); and a near coarse grain chute (107, 207) having a second lip (108, 208). The second lip (108, 208) is arranged closer to the bottom (103, 203) of the flotation tank (101, 201) than the foam overflow lip (106, 206).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a flotation tank in a flotation unit. This disclosure also relates to a flotation method for treating coarse ore particles suspended in a slurry and separating the slurry into a first overflow, a second overflow, and an underflow. Background Technology

[0002] Typically, in conventional flotation, such as when using conventional mechanically stirred flotation cells, the underflow from the first primary flotation stage may contain coarser particles of valuable minerals mixed with finer gangue particles. Conventional mechanical flotation cells are best suited for separating particles with a size range of approximately 20 μm to 150 μm. Therefore, for recovery using conventional mechanical flotation cells, coarse particles larger than 150 μm must be ground. As ore reserves decrease, grinding is extremely energy-intensive and unsustainable in the long term. Therefore, to maintain the same production levels, the amount of raw ore must be increased, and the flotation plant must adapt to higher output.

[0003] Therefore, there is a need for improved technologies for recovering coarse particles. There is also a need for technologies capable of simultaneously recovering particles ranging in size from approximately 20 μm to 150 μm and particles larger than 150 μm.

[0004] Utility Model Purpose

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an improved froth flotation unit and method capable of recovering particles and coarse particles. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this disclosure can be achieved by the foam flotation unit described below.

[0007] According to a first aspect, a foam flotation unit is provided, the foam flotation unit comprising:

[0008] - A flotation tank having a top, a bottom, and one or more walls;

[0009] - A froth collecting launder with a foam overflow lip; and

[0010] - Near coarse-grained flow channel with a second lip;

[0011] The second lip is positioned closer to the bottom of the flotation tank than the foam overflow lip.

[0012] Furthermore, the flotation tank includes a foam layer region having an upper foam layer surface, a lower foam layer surface, and a central foam layer cross-section.

[0013] Furthermore, the foam collection channel is located on one or more walls of the flotation tank.

[0014] Furthermore, the foam overflow lip is positioned in the foam layer region, preferably above the cross-section of the central foam layer of the flotation tank.

[0015] Furthermore, the near-coarse particle flow channel is arranged on one or more walls of the flotation tank.

[0016] Furthermore, the near-coarse-grained flow channel includes a barrier having a bottom end and a lip end including a second lip, wherein the bottom end of the barrier is attached to one or more walls of the flotation tank, and wherein the barrier is configured to form an open space between the one or more walls of the flotation tank and the barrier itself.

[0017] Furthermore, the barrier is configured to guide coarse particles into the open space for collection during foam flotation.

[0018] Furthermore, the bottom end of the barrier is attached to one or more walls of the flotation tank, and the lip end of the barrier extends toward the top of the flotation tank such that the lip end of the barrier is positioned at a radial distance of 1 / 500D to 4 / 9D from the one or more walls of the flotation tank, where D is the length of the maximum horizontal cross-section of the flotation tank.

[0019] Furthermore, the lip end of the barrier is positioned in the foam layer region, preferably below the cross-section of the central foam layer of the flotation tank.

[0020] Furthermore, the lip end of the barrier is positioned below the surface of the lower foam layer of the flotation tank.

[0021] Furthermore, the froth flotation unit further includes: a gas supply source for introducing flotation gas into the slurry in the flotation tank to form a foam layer in the foam layer region; and a supply device for supplying the slurry into and / or onto the top of the foam layer region in the flotation tank.

[0022] Furthermore, the foam flotation unit further includes: a first overflow component for discharging a first overflow from the foam collection channel; and a second overflow component for discharging a second overflow from the near-coarse particle channel.

[0023] Furthermore, the foam flotation unit also includes a discharge component for discharging underflow from the flotation tank.

[0024] According to a second aspect, a foam flotation method is provided for treating coarse particles suspended in a slurry, wherein in a foam flotation unit according to a first aspect, the slurry is separated into a first overflow, a second overflow, and an underflow.

[0025] Furthermore, the first overflow includes an overflow from the foam collection channel, and the second overflow includes an overflow from the near-coarse-grained channel.

[0026] definition

[0027] This definitional overview is provided to introduce some concepts in a simplified form, which will be further described in the specific embodiments below. This overview is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0028] Throughout the specification, “particles” can refer to particles with a size range of approximately 20 μm to 150 μm, while “coarse particles” can refer to particles with a size greater than 150 μm.

[0029] Furthermore, "flotation" can refer to separating a mixture by adhering substances in the mixture to an interface. In flotation, the separation of the mixture can be based on differences in the hydrophobicity of the substances in the mixture. In this document, "separation" can refer to the extraction or removal of substances from a mixture for use or disposal.

[0030] Furthermore, "foam flotation" can refer to flotation that utilizes foam for separation. In this paper, "foam" can refer to a dispersion in which a larger volumetric portion (i.e., flotation gas) is dispersed as bubbles in a smaller volumetric portion (i.e., flotation liquid). Typically, foam may or may not be stabilized by solid particles.

[0031] In this disclosure, when the flotation tank is in use, "foam layer" may refer to a layer in the flotation tank that includes foam, or a layer that substantially includes foam, or a layer that is substantially composed of foam, or a layer composed of foam.

[0032] In this disclosure, "foam slurry interface" may refer to the layer on top of the slurry, wherein the percentage of gas retention is between 10 and 50.

[0033] Here, "foam depth" can refer to the thickness of the foam layer in the flotation tank. When the flotation tank is in use, the foam depth can be measured as the vertical distance between the edge of the flow channel and the surface of the slurry in the flotation tank. However, those skilled in the art will understand that, since foam overflows from the edge of the flow channel when the flotation tank is in use, the foam depth can be measured from slightly above the edge of the flow channel.

[0034] Throughout the specification, "supplying the slurry to the foam layer region" can mean supplying the slurry to the foam layer region, and / or to the foam layer region, and / or to the foam slurry interface.

[0035] In addition, "slurry" can refer to a dispersion, including solid particles or coarse particles suspended in the continuous phase of the flotation liquid.

[0036] In this disclosure, "trough" can refer to a channel or trough used for conveying a medium.

[0037] In addition, "top of flotation tank" can refer to the upper boundary of the flotation tank when it is resting on the surface on which it is placed.

[0038] Throughout this specification, "foam layer region" can refer to the volume of the flotation tank in which the foam layer exists during the foam flotation process. Furthermore, "central foam layer cross-section" can refer to a horizontal cross-section within the foam layer region, where the distance from the cross-section to the upper surface of the foam layer region is equal to the distance from the cross-section to the lower surface of the foam layer region. "Upper foam layer surface" can refer to the upper limit of the foam depth, while "lower foam layer surface" can refer to the lower limit of the foam depth.

[0039] In addition, "edge" can refer to the end of a flotation tank, where the flotation tank is arranged such that foam and / or liquid and / or slurry in the flotation tank can overflow from the end of the flotation tank.

[0040] In this disclosure, "vertically" may refer to the direction of gravity, and "horizontally" may refer to a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction. To avoid ambiguity, the bottom and top of the flotation tank are considered to extend substantially horizontally, and one or more walls of the flotation tank are considered to extend substantially vertically.

[0041] In addition, the “perimeter” of a flotation tank can refer to the closed path that surrounds, encircles, or outlines the flotation tank. Attached Figure Description

[0042] This disclosure will be better understood by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0043] Figure 1 A cross-section of a froth flotation unit including a near-coarse-grained flow channel is shown, wherein the near-coarse-grained flow channel is immersed in a flotation tank, and

[0044] Figure 2 A cross-section of a foam flotation tank including a near-coarse-grained channel is shown, wherein the near-coarse-grained channel forms a protrusion in the flotation tank. Detailed Implementation

[0045] According to the first aspect, and as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a foam flotation unit is provided, the foam flotation unit comprising:

[0046] - Flotation tanks 101 and 201, having a top 102 and 202; a bottom 103 and 203; and one or more walls 104 and 204;

[0047] - Foam collection channels 105 and 205, having foam overflow lips 106 and 206; and

[0048] - Near coarse-grained flow channels 107 and 207, with second lips 108 and 208;

[0049] The second lips 108 and 208 are arranged closer to the bottom 103 and 203 of the flotation tanks 101 and 201 than the foam overflow lips 106 and 206.

[0050] The froth flotation unit can be configured to process mineral ore particles and coarse mineral ore particles suspended in a slurry, separating the slurry into first overflows 118, 218; second overflows 120, 220; and underflows 122, 222. Flotation tanks 101, 201 can be circular or rectangular. If flotation tanks 101, 201 are circular, they may include one wall 104, 204. If flotation tanks 101, 201 are rectangular, they may include four walls 104, 204. The froth flotation unit can be a mechanically agitated flotation unit or a pneumatic flotation unit, such as a column flotation unit.

[0051] According to the first aspect, the flotation tanks 101 and 201 of the foam flotation unit may include foam layer regions 125 and 225, said foam layer regions having upper foam layer surfaces 123 and 223; lower foam layer surfaces 124 and 224; and central foam layer cross sections 114 and 214.

[0052] When the flotation tanks are in use, the foam layer regions 125, 225 can be measured as the vertical distance between the foam overflow lips 106, 206 or the top 102, 202 of the flotation tanks 101, 201 and the surface of the slurry in the flotation tank. However, those skilled in the art will understand that when the flotation tanks are in use, the foam layer regions 125, 225 may extend slightly above the foam overflow lips 106, 206 because foam overflows from them. The foam layer regions 125, 225 may completely or partially cover the entire horizontal surface area between one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0053] According to the first aspect, the foam collection channels 105, 205 of the foam flotation unit can be arranged at one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0054] The foam collection channels 105 and 205 may completely or partially cover the perimeter formed by one or more walls 104 and 204 of the flotation tanks 101 and 201.

[0055] In one embodiment, foam collecting channels 105, 205 are configured to allow particles present in the foam to overflow from the foam overflow lips 106, 206 of the foam collecting channels 105, 205 during foam flotation to obtain a first overflow 118, 218. The foam collecting channels 105, 205 may be arranged outside or inside one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201. The foam collecting channels 105, 205 may completely or partially cover the perimeter formed by one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201, such that the foam collecting channels 105, 205 extend continuously along the perimeter of one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201, or that two, three, or four foam collecting channels 105, 205 are arranged at one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0056] According to the first aspect, the foam overflow lip 106, 206 of the foam flotation unit can be located in the foam layer regions 125, 225, preferably above the central foam layer cross section 114, 214 of the flotation tank 101, 201.

[0057] It has been found that the aforementioned positioning of the foam overflow lips 106, 206 has an additional utility, namely, that the optimal amount of particles can be recovered through the foam collection channels 105, 205 during foam flotation.

[0058] According to the first aspect, the near-coarse flow channels 107, 207 of the froth flotation unit can be arranged at one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0059] The near-coarse flow channels 107, 207 can completely or partially cover the perimeter formed by one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0060] Near-coarse flow channels 107, 207 may be arranged inside one or more walls 104, 204 of flotation tanks 101, 201. Near-coarse flow channels 107, 207 may completely or partially cover the perimeter formed by one or more walls 104, 204 of flotation tanks 101, 201, such that the near-coarse flow channels 107, 207 extend continuously along the perimeter of one or more walls 104, 204 of flotation tanks 101, 201, or that two, three or four near-coarse flow channels 107, 207 are arranged at one or more walls 104, 204 of flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0061] The near-coarse flow channel 107, 207 of the froth flotation unit according to the first aspect may include a barrier having lip ends 109, 209 including second lips 108, 208 and bottom ends 110, 210, wherein the bottom ends 110, 210 of the barrier may be attached to one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tank 101, 201, and wherein the barrier may be configured to form an open space 111, 211 between the barrier and one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tank 101, 201.

[0062] In one embodiment, the near-coarse-grained flow channels 107, 207 are composed of barriers having lip ends 109, 209 including second lips 108, 208 and bottom ends 110, 210. For the avoidance of doubt, the lip ends 109, 209 of the barriers may form the second lips 108, 208.

[0063] According to the first aspect, the barrier of the foam flotation unit can be configured to guide coarse particles into open spaces 101, 201 for collection during foam flotation.

[0064] According to the first aspect, the bottom ends 110, 210 of the barrier of the froth flotation unit can be attached to one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201, and the lip ends 109, 209 of the barrier can extend toward the top 102, 202 of the flotation tanks 101, 201, such that the lip ends 109, 209 of the barrier can be located at a radial distance of 1 / 500D to 4 / 9D from one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201, where D is the length of the maximum horizontal cross-section of the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0065] The lip ends 109, 209 of the barrier may be located at a radial distance of 1 / 400D to 3 / 9D, or 1 / 350D to 2 / 9D (e.g., 1 / 350D to 1 / 250D) from one or more walls 104, 204 of the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0066] According to the first aspect, the lip ends 109, 209 of the barrier of the foam flotation unit can be located in the foam layer regions 125, 225, preferably below the central foam layer cross section 114, 214 of the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0067] According to the first aspect, the lip ends 109, 209 of the barrier of the froth flotation unit can be located below the lower foam layer surface 124, 224 of the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0068] According to the first aspect, the bottom ends 110, 210 of the barrier of the foam flotation unit can be located below the central foam layer cross section 114, 214 of the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0069] The lengths of the flow channels 105, 205, 107, and 207 can be designed to give the collected product a desired material concentration between the overflow and underflow levels.

[0070] The distance between the lip edges 109, 209 and the bottom edges 110, 210 of the barrier can be 1 / 3 to 1 / 5 of the height of the foam depth.

[0071] The near-coarse-grained flow channels 107 and 207 can have an L-shape, a U-shape, or any shape between an L-shape and a U-shape. The angle of the L-shape can deviate from 90 degrees.

[0072] The creators were surprised to discover that coarse particles could be recovered in froth flotation via the aforementioned near-coarse particle flow channels 107 and 207. Not wanting to be bound by theory, it is believed that coarse particles do not move to the top of the froth layer in froth flotation, but remain at a lower position in the froth and eventually sink to the bottom 103 and 203 of the flotation tanks 101 and 201. It has been found that the vertical and horizontal positioning of the second lips 108 and 208 relative to the internal space of the flotation tanks 101 and 201 provides optimal conditions for the recovery of coarse particles. Furthermore, it has been found that the positioning of the second lips 108 and 208 does not interfere with the function of the froth overflow lips 106 and 206. Specifically, the creators were surprised to find that positioning the lip ends 109 and 209 of the barrier below the lower froth layer surface 124 and 224 provides the advantage of recovering coarse particles with low ore liberation that did not reach the froth layer. Positioning the lip ends 109, 209 of the barrier within the foam layer regions 125, 225, preferably below the central foam layer cross sections 114, 214 of the flotation tanks 101, 201, provides the advantage of recovering coarse particles with low mineral liberation that have not reached the foam overflow lip ends 106, 206.

[0073] The creators also discovered that by including both foam collection channels 105 and 205 and near-coarse particle channels 107 and 207 in the same flotation cells 101 and 201, it is possible to simultaneously recover particles in the range of approximately 20 μm to 150 μm and particles larger than 150 μm.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, the near-coarse particle flow channel 107 can be submerged in the flotation tank 101. Alternatively, the near-coarse particle flow channel 207 can form a protrusion in the flotation tank 201, such as... Figure 2 As shown, one or more walls 204 of the flotation tank 201 conform to the coarse particle flow channel 207.

[0075] The froth flotation unit according to the first aspect may further include: gas supply sources 112, 212 for introducing flotation gases 113, 213 into the slurry in flotation tanks 101, 201 to form a foam layer in foam layer regions 125, 225; and feeding devices 115, 215 for supplying slurry 116, 216 above, and / or into, and / or to the foam layer regions 125, 225, and / or to the foam slurry interface, and / or adjacent to, below the foam layer regions 125, 225, for example, at most twice the foam depth, or at most the foam depth, or at most half the foam depth, or at most half the foam depth, or at most half the foam depth, or at most one-tenth the foam depth, or at most one-tenth the foam depth, or at most one-tenth the foam depth, in the flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0076] Gas supply sources 112, 212 may be arranged to connect to a mixing device. Alternatively, gas supply sources 112, 212 may include gas inlets, such as nozzles or injectors, configured to introduce flotation gas 113, 213 into flotation tanks 101, 201. Gas supply sources 112, 212 may be arranged at any height within the flotation tanks, for example, at the bottom 103, 203 of flotation tanks 101, 201.

[0077] The supply devices 115 and 215 may be arranged above, and / or in, or at the foam layer regions 125 and 225, at the foam slurry interface, and / or adjacent to, and below the foam layer regions 125 and 225, for example, below and / or above the foam layer regions 125 and 225 in flotation tanks 101 and 201 at most twice the foam depth, or at most the foam depth, or at most half the foam depth, or at most one-fifth the foam depth, or at most one-tenth the foam depth. The supply devices 115 and 215 may be configured to supply slurry 116 and 216 above, in, and / or at the foam slurry interface, and / or below or adjacent to the foam layer regions 125 and 225 during operation of the flotation unit.

[0078] The foam flotation unit according to the first aspect may further include: first overflow members 117, 217 for discharging first overflow 118, 218 from foam collection channels 105, 205; and second overflow members 119, 219 for discharging second overflow 120, 220 from near coarse particle channels 107, 207.

[0079] The first overflows 118 and 218 may include ore particles, and the second overflows 120 and 220 may include coarse ore particles. The first overflow components 117 and 217 and the second overflow components 119 and 219 may include outlets and pumps or valves.

[0080] According to the first aspect, the froth flotation unit may also include discharge components 121 and 221 for discharging underflow 122 and 222 from flotation tanks 101 and 201.

[0081] The underflow 122, 222 may include tailings. The discharge components 121, 221 may include an outlet and a pump or valve. The discharge components 121, 221 may be arranged at the bottom 103, 203 of the flotation tanks 101, 201 or in one or more walls 104, 204 near the bottom 103, 203.

[0082] According to a second aspect, a foam flotation method for treating coarse particles suspended in a slurry is provided, wherein in the foam flotation units 101, 201 according to the first aspect, the slurry is separated into: first overflows 118, 218; second overflows 120, 220; and underflows 122, 222.

[0083] In the foam flotation method according to the second aspect, the first overflows 118, 218 may include overflows from foam collection channels 105, 205, and the second overflows 120, 220 may include overflows from near-coarse channels 107, 207.

[0084] The flotation unit can be operated as follows. By introducing flotation gases 113 and 213 into the slurry in flotation tanks 101 and 201, a foam layer is formed in the foam layer regions 125 and 225 at the top of flotation tanks 101 and 201. Slurry 116 and 216 are then supplied to the foam layer.

[0085] Hydrophobic particles contained in the slurry feed adhere to the flotation gases 113 and 213 in the froth layer. These bubble-particle agglomerates (clumps) are removed from flotation tanks 101 and 201 via the foam overflow lips 106 and 206, and enter the foam collection channels 105 and 205 along with the first overflows 118 and 218. Hydrophilic particles pass through the foam layer regions 125 and 225 to the slurry below. Coarse bubble-particle agglomerates that have passed through the foam layer regions 125 and 225 but remain agglomerated and include at least some hydrophobic particles are removed from flotation tanks 101 and 201 via the second lips 108 and 208, and enter the near-coarse particle channels 107 and 207 along with the second overflows 120 and 220. Unrecovered particles are discharged from flotation tanks 101 and 201 along with the underflows 122 and 222.

[0086] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the basic ideas of this disclosure can be implemented in various ways as technology advances. Therefore, this disclosure and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above; rather, they can vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A froth flotation unit, characterized in that, Comprising: a flotation tank (101, 201) having a top (102, 202), a bottom (103, 203), and one or more walls (104, 204); a froth collection launder (105, 205) having a froth overflow lip (106, 206); and a near coarse launder (107, 207) having a second lip (108, 208); wherein the second lip (108, 208) is arranged closer to the bottom (103, 203) of the flotation tank (101, 201) than the froth overflow lip (106, 206).

2. A froth flotation cell according to claim 1, characterised in that, The flotation tank (101, 201) comprises a froth layer region (125, 225) having an upper froth layer surface (123, 223), a lower froth layer surface (124, 224), and a central froth layer cross-section (114, 214).

3. A froth flotation cell according to claim 2, characterised in that, The froth collection launder (105, 205) is arranged at one or more walls (104, 204) of the flotation tank (101, 201).

4. A froth flotation cell according to claim 3, characterised in that, The froth overflow lip (106, 206) is positioned in the froth layer region (125, 225).

5. A froth flotation cell according to claim 4, characterised in that, The froth overflow lip (106, 206) is positioned above the central froth layer cross-section (114, 214) of the flotation tank (101, 201).

6. A froth flotation cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, The near coarse launder (107, 207) is arranged at one or more walls (104, 204) of the flotation tank (101, 201).

7. A froth flotation cell according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that, The near coarse launder (107, 207) comprises a barrier having a bottom end (110, 210) and a lip end (109, 209) comprising the second lip (108, 208), wherein the bottom end (110, 210) of the barrier is attached to the one or more walls (104, 204) of the flotation tank (101, 201), and wherein the barrier is configured to form an open space (111, 211) between the one or more walls (104, 204) of the flotation tank (101, 201) and the barrier.

8. A froth flotation cell according to claim 7, characterised in that, The barrier is configured to direct coarse particles to the open space (111, 211) for collection in a froth flotation.

9. A froth flotation cell according to claim 7, characterised in that, The bottom end (110, 210) of the barrier is attached to the one or more walls (104, 204) of the flotation tank (101, 201), and the lip end (109, 209) of the barrier extends towards the top (102, 202) of the flotation tank (101, 201) such that the lip end (109, 209) of the barrier is positioned at a radial distance of 1 / 500 D to 4 / 9 D from the one or more walls (104, 204) of the flotation tank (101, 201), and wherein D is the length of the largest horizontal cross-section of the flotation tank (101, 201).

10. A froth flotation cell according to claim 9, characterised in that, The lip end (109, 209) of the barrier is positioned in the froth layer region (125, 225). The lip end (109, 209) of the barrier is positioned in the froth layer region (125, 225).

11. A froth flotation cell according to claim 10, characterised in that, The lip end (109, 209) of the barrier is positioned below the central froth layer cross section (114, 214) of the flotation tank (101, 201).

12. A froth flotation cell according to claim 9, characterised in that, The lip end (109, 209) of the barrier is positioned below the lower froth layer surface (124, 224) of the flotation tank (101, 201).

13. A froth flotation cell according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that, The froth flotation unit further comprises a gas supply (112, 212) for introducing a flotation gas (113, 213) into the slurry in the flotation tank (101, 201) to form a froth layer in the froth layer area (125, 225), and a feed device (115, 215) for feeding slurry (116, 216) into and / or on top of the froth layer area (125, 225) in the flotation tank (101, 201).

14. A froth flotation cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, The froth flotation unit further comprises a first overflow member (117, 217) for discharging a first overflow (118, 218) from the froth collection launder (105, 205), and a second overflow member (119, 219) for discharging a second overflow (120, 220) from the near coarse flow launder (107, 207).

15. A froth flotation cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, The froth flotation unit further comprises a discharge member (121, 221) for discharging an underflow (122, 222) from the flotation tank (101, 201).

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