Biomass activated carbon preparation system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass activated carbon preparation, in particular to a biomass activated carbon preparation system which comprises a pretreatment device, a pyrolysis device, an activation device, a screening device, a gas treatment device and a liquid treatment device, the pretreatment device comprises a filter pressing device used for extruding liquid in materials for multiple times, a drying device used for drying vinasse biogas residues and a spiral conveying device used for conveying the dried vinasse biogas residues; according to the utility model, a pyrolysis activation mode is adopted, so that the vinasse biogas residues can generate biomass activated carbon, high-value recovery of the biomass activated carbon is realized, pollution to the surrounding environment is avoided, the problems of low value and difficulty in treatment of the existing vinasse biogas residues are solved in time, efficiently and high-quality, and high-value utilization of the vinasse biogas residues is realized; the device has important practical significance on energy conservation, emission reduction and environment protection, and can be used for conveniently conveying and drying the vinasse subjected to filter pressing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of biomass activated carbon preparation technology, specifically a biomass activated carbon preparation system. Background Technology

[0002] Distillery lees and biogas residue are produced through anaerobic fermentation. The residue left after the biogas production is completed has a high water content and high acidity, making it extremely prone to mold and rot when piled up and stored.

[0003] Currently, the distillers' grains and biogas residue are usually pressed by a filter press to remove excess water, and then used as a substrate for organic fertilizer production and biogas production. These methods have the following problems: 1) Difficult to preserve: Distillers' grains contain high levels of moisture and alcohol, making them difficult to preserve and prone to acidification and spoilage; 2) Poor stability, easy to rot, and time-consuming to produce organic fertilizer, resulting in low value; 3) Incomplete utilization of the effective substances in the biogas residue, leading to a low recovery rate. Furthermore, during the brewing process, a large amount of distillers' grains and biogas residue are usually generated. These materials can be reused through the production of biomass activated carbon. However, the production of biomass activated carbon requires processing these wastes to achieve a certain moisture content for subsequent carbonization. Therefore, a biomass activated carbon preparation system is needed to dry the distillers' grains and biogas residue. Currently, distillers' grains and biogas residue are typically pressed by a filter press to remove excess moisture and then used as a substrate for organic fertilizer production and biogas production. Because distillers' grains contain high levels of moisture and alcohol, they are difficult to preserve, easily acidification and spoilage, and have poor stability and are prone to rot. The time-consuming process of producing organic fertilizer results in low utilization value for the distillers' grains and incomplete utilization of the effective substances in the biogas residue, leading to a low recovery rate. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biomass activated carbon preparation system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a biomass activated carbon preparation system, comprising a pretreatment device, a pyrolysis device, an activation device, a screening device, a gas treatment device, and a liquid treatment device. The pretreatment device includes a remote hydraulic closed-loop transmission system for distiller's grains residue, a hydraulic dewatering device for hydraulically extruding the distiller's grains residue, a drying device for steam low-temperature drying of the distiller's grains residue, and a screw conveyor for conveying the dried distiller's grains residue. The dried distiller's grains residue is conveyed by the screw conveyor to the pyrolysis device for carbonization. The carbonized material in the pyrolysis device generates pyrolysis gas and biochar, which are then conveyed by the screw conveyor to the activation device. The biomass activated carbon produced by the activation device is conveyed by a screw cooling device to the screening device.

[0006] Preferably, the pretreatment device includes a remote hydraulic closed transmission system, a hydraulic dewatering device, a screw feeder, a drying device, a screw feeder, a water pump, and several pipelines.

[0007] The pretreatment device filters and dries the distiller's grains and biogas residue to reduce the moisture content of the biogas residue to less than 20%. The separated water is pumped to the biogas slurry tank through pipelines, and the separated biogas residue is transported to the pyrolysis device.

[0008] The remote hydraulic closed transmission system is used to transfer distiller's grains and biogas residue from the biogas residue storage to the hydraulic dewatering device in a closed manner.

[0009] The hydraulic dewatering device includes a specially designed ultra-high pressure hydraulic filter press and pipeline. Through multiple compressions and pressure holding, most of the water in the biogas residue is separated and enters the biogas slurry tank through the pipeline. The water content of the biogas residue after filtration is less than 40%. The biogas residue after filtration is conveyed to the drying device by a screw feeder.

[0010] The specially designed ultra-high pressure hydraulic filter press consists of a feeding hopper, a pressure chamber, a hydraulic switch, a stainless steel mesh, a piston, a connecting rod, a sealing device, a hydraulic cylinder, a discharge chute, a flange, a flow meter, a differential hydraulic cylinder, and a PLC control system.

[0011] The drying device includes a chain plate drying device and pipelines. Steam is introduced into the chain plate drying device through the pipelines for secondary drying, further separating the moisture in the biogas residue. The moisture enters the biogas slurry tank through the pipelines. The moisture content of the dried biogas residue is less than 20%. The biogas residue is transported to the pyrolysis device by a screw feeder.

[0012] Among them, the chain plate drying device uses 75-110℃ low-temperature steam produced by biogas boiler as the drying medium, which can dry the distillers' grains and biogas residue to a moisture content of less than 12%.

[0013] Preferably, the pyrolysis apparatus includes a closed feeding device, a pyrolysis carbonization device, a closed conveying device, and a nitrogen skid;

[0014] The pyrolysis device indirectly heats the biogas residue after pretreatment in an oxygen-free state at a temperature of 400-900℃ for about 90 minutes to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar. The pyrolysis gas is introduced into the gas treatment device by an induced draft fan; the biochar generated by pyrolysis is transported to the activation device by a closed feeding device.

[0015] Preferably, the activation device includes a steam activation furnace, a spiral cooling feeder, and a dust removal device; the dust removal device includes an induced draft fan, a dust collector, and pipelines.

[0016] Preferably, the screening device includes a vibrating screen, a conveying device, and a packaging machine; the screening device sorts the activated biomass activated carbon from the distillers' grains through the vibrating screen and then packages it into storage.

[0017] Preferably, the gas treatment device includes a ceramic filter, a cooling recovery device, an induced draft fan, a gas purification device, a biomass gas holder, several pipelines, and an exhaust gas purification device.

[0018] Preferably, the liquid treatment device includes a cooling recovery device, a cooling tower, an oil-water separator, pipelines, a wood vinegar storage tank, and a wood tar storage tank.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] This invention utilizes pyrolysis activation to generate biomass activated carbon from distiller's grains and biogas residue, achieving high-value recycling and avoiding pollution of the surrounding environment. It provides a timely, efficient, and high-quality solution to the current problems of low value and difficulty in processing distiller's grains and biogas residue, enabling high-value utilization. This has significant practical implications for energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection. Furthermore, the remote, sealed transmission mechanism and low-temperature drying mechanism facilitate the transport and drying of the filtered distiller's grains, improving the overall convenience. The combined use of a hydraulic dewatering device with circulating pressure and cell-wall breaking separation, along with a low-temperature steam drying device, facilitates pressure filtration of the distiller's grains, reducing moisture content. This technology and process transform the effective components in the biogas residue into industrial products, significantly increasing its added value, thereby achieving deep resource utilization and high-value recycling. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A system flow chart for preparing biomass activated carbon provided by this utility model.

[0022] The diagram shows: 1. Pretreatment device; 2. Pyrolysis device; 3. Activation device; 4. Sieving device; 5. Gas treatment device; 6. Liquid treatment device. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by this utility model in order to achieve the intended utility model purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structure, features and effects of this utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0024] Please see Figure 1As shown, a biomass activated carbon preparation system includes a pretreatment device 1, a pyrolysis device 2, an activation device 3, a screening device 4, a gas treatment device 5, and a liquid treatment device 6. The pretreatment device 1 includes a filter press for repeatedly hydraulically squeezing the liquid in the material, a drying device for low-temperature drying of the distiller's grains and biogas residue, and a screw conveyor for conveying the dried distiller's grains and biogas residue. The dried distiller's grains and biogas residue is conveyed by the screw conveyor to the pyrolysis device 2 for carbonization. The material carbonized in the pyrolysis device 2 generates pyrolysis gas and biochar, which is then conveyed by the screw conveyor to the activation device 3. The biomass activated carbon produced in the activation device 3 is conveyed by the screw cooling device to the screening device 4.

[0025] In the pretreatment device 1, the lees and biogas residue are transported to the filter press device through a remote hydraulic closed transmission system. The filter press device is used to separate the water from the liquid in the material through multiple hydraulic compressions. The material is then transported to the drying device by a screw conveyor for further water separation, so that the water content of the lees and biogas residue is less than 20%. The separated water is pumped to the biogas slurry tank through pipeline.

[0026] The pretreatment device 1 also includes a remote hydraulic closed transmission system, a hydraulic dewatering device, a screw feeder, a drying device, a screw feeder, a water pump, and several pipelines. The device filters and dries the sludge to reduce the moisture content of the sludge to less than 20%. The separated water is pumped to the slurry tank through pipelines, and the separated sludge is transported to the pyrolysis device 2.

[0027] The pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis unit 2 is introduced by a blower. The non-condensable gas separated by the filtration and cooling device is purified and collected in the biomass gas tank. The separated condensable gas is separated into wood vinegar and wood tar by the cooling device and the oil-water separation device, and stored and recycled separately. The water after pressure filtration and the water after oil-water separation in the pretreatment unit 1 are treated and recycled to the biogas residue pond for unified treatment.

[0028] The remote hydraulic closed transmission system is used to transfer distiller's grains and biogas residue from the distiller's grains storage to the hydraulic dewatering device in a closed manner. The system is a skid-mounted design, equipped with an automatic feeding detection and automatic control system, and is equipped with an explosion-proof motor and switch box. It is suitable for harsh working environments and can achieve a horizontal transmission distance of 400 meters and a vertical transmission distance of 120 meters.

[0029] The hydraulic dewatering device includes a specially designed ultra-high pressure hydraulic filter press and pipelines. Through multiple compressions and pressure holding, most of the water in the biogas residue is separated and enters the biogas slurry tank through pipelines. The water content of the biogas residue after filtration is less than 40%. The biogas residue after filtration is conveyed to the drying device by a screw feeder.

[0030] This specially designed ultra-high pressure hydraulic filter press consists of a feeding hopper, pressure chamber, hydraulic switch, stainless steel mesh, piston, connecting rod, sealing device, hydraulic cylinder, discharge chute, flange, flow meter, differential hydraulic cylinder, and PLC control system. Specifically designed for dewatering distiller's grains, this equipment offers higher dewatering efficiency than centrifugal separation and diaphragm filtration, producing distiller's grains with a moisture content of less than 40%.

[0031] The drying device also includes a chain plate drying device, pipeline 1, and pipeline 2. Steam is introduced into the chain plate drying device through pipeline 1 for secondary drying to further separate the moisture in the biogas residue. The moisture enters the biogas slurry tank through pipeline 2. The moisture content of the dried biogas residue is less than 20%. The biogas residue is transported to the pyrolysis device 2 by a screw feeder.

[0032] Among them, the chain plate drying device uses 75-110℃ low-temperature steam produced by biogas boiler as the drying medium, which can dry the distillers' grains and biogas residue to a moisture content of less than 12%.

[0033] The screening device 4 takes the biomass activated carbon input from the spiral cooling device at the end of the activation furnace and vibrates it through a sieve. The biomass activated carbon is then packaged according to different particle sizes and stored in a warehouse. This utility model utilizes biogas and steam as energy sources to produce biomass activated carbon from distiller's grains residue through pressure filtration, drying, carbonization, and activation. It includes a pretreatment device 1, a pyrolysis device 2, an activation device 3, a screening device 4, a gas treatment device 5, and a liquid treatment device 6. The pretreatment device 1 is connected to the pyrolysis device 2 and the liquid treatment device 6. The pyrolysis device 2 is connected to the gas treatment device 5 and the activation device 3. The activation device 3 is connected to the screening device 4. The gas treatment device 5 filters and cools the pyrolysis gas. The non-condensable gas is directly purified and transported to a biomass gas holder for temporary storage. The condensable gas is separated by a cooling recovery device and an oil-water separator to produce wood vinegar and wood tar, which are then stored and recovered separately. The high-temperature biochar produced by pyrolysis is conveyed to the activation device 3 via a closed screw feeder. It is activated by steam at 950-1000℃ for about 90 minutes to produce biomass activated carbon. After being conveyed to the screening device 4 via a screw cooling device, it is packaged according to different particle sizes and stored. The filter press is an ultra-high pressure hydraulic filter press. Through multiple squeezing and pressure holding, most of the water is separated and fed into the biogas slurry tank. The moisture content of the filtered distiller's grains and biogas residue is less than 40%. Steam is introduced into the distiller's grains and biogas residue for secondary drying to further separate the water. The water vapor is discharged from the vent of the drying device, and the material is output from the chain plate. The moisture content of the dried biogas residue is less than 20%. Furthermore, the front end of both the filter press and the drying device is equipped with a screw conveyor for conveying the material.

[0034] The pyrolysis unit 2 is equipped with a closed screw conveyor at both the front and rear ends for feeding and discharging materials.

[0035] The pyrolysis device 2 has one inlet and two outlets. The inlet end is connected to the drying device by a closed spiral conveyor. The gas outlet end is connected to the induced draft fan and gas conveying pipeline. The solid outlet end is connected to the closed spiral conveyor and conveys the solid to the activation device 3.

[0036] The pyrolysis unit 2 also includes a closed feeding device, a pyrolysis carbonization device, a closed feeding device, and a nitrogen skid. This device indirectly heats the biogas residue treated by the pretreatment unit 1 at a temperature of 400-900℃ for about 90 minutes in an oxygen-free state to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar. The pyrolysis gas is introduced into the gas treatment device 5 by an induced draft fan. The biochar generated by pyrolysis is transported to the activation device 3 by the closed feeding device.

[0037] The activation device 3 activates the pyrolyzed biochar with steam to produce activated carbon products with good morphology and structure and reasonable pore distribution. The activated carbon is then cooled by a spiral cooling device and conveyed to the screening device 4. The screen encapsulates the activated carbon according to different particle sizes and puts it into storage.

[0038] The activation device 3 is a rotary activation furnace. This device has the characteristics of high automation, uniform temperature, controllable steam volume, and good heat preservation. The device uses high-temperature physical heating and steam injection to promote the pore formation of activated carbon. The furnace can ensure continuous operation for 24 hours and ensure that the material is heated evenly.

[0039] The activation device 3 also includes a steam activation furnace, a spiral cooling feeder, and a dust removal device. This device uses a steam activation furnace (using steam at 950-1000℃ for about 90 minutes) to activate the biochar from the pyrolyzed distillery residue after the device is processed, generating biomass activated carbon. The activated carbon is then transported to the dust removal device by the spiral cooling feeder and then to the screening device 4 by the spiral feeder. The dust removal device includes an induced draft fan, a dust collector, and pipelines.

[0040] Screening device 4 uses an activated carbon vibrating screen. After screening, the activated carbon is packaged according to different particle sizes and put into storage.

[0041] The screening device 4 also includes a vibrating screen, a conveying device, and a packaging machine; this device sorts the activated biomass activated carbon from the activated lees through the vibrating screen and then packages it into storage.

[0042] The gas processing unit 5 includes a filter, a cooling unit, a purification unit, and gas delivery pipelines. Gas from the pyrolysis unit 2 is introduced by an induced draft fan, passes through the filter and cooling unit, and the non-condensable gases are transported to the purification unit by an exhaust fan, generating high-quality biomass gas which is then temporarily stored in a biomass gas holder. The condensable gases are cooled into liquid and then transported to the liquid processing unit 6 for further processing.

[0043] The gas treatment device 5 also includes a ceramic filter, a cooling recovery device, an induced draft fan, a gas purification device, a biomass gas holder and several pipelines, and an exhaust gas purification device;

[0044] The biomass gas after being treated by the gas treatment device 5 enters the biomass gas holder for storage, and the organic liquid enters the liquid treatment device 6.

[0045] The biomass gas from the biomass gas holder can be used for the gas-fired boilers of the chain plate drying unit, the pyrolysis carbonization unit, and the steam activation furnace, thereby achieving energy conservation and emission reduction, and energy self-sufficiency. The exhaust gas after combustion is introduced into the exhaust gas purification device by an induced draft fan and then discharged in compliance with standards.

[0046] The liquid processing device 6 includes a cooling device and an oil-water separation device. The condensable gas from the pyrolysis device 2, after filtration and condensation, is then separated into wood vinegar and wood tar by the cooling recovery device and oil-water separation device, and stored separately. This technology and process can convert the effective components in biogas residue into industrial products, significantly increasing its added value, thereby achieving deep resource utilization and high-value recovery. All devices in this utility model are designed with explosion-proof skids, featuring explosion-proof, lightning protection, windproof, and anti-static functions, ensuring high safety performance. They are compact, highly automated, and highly integrated, simplifying operation, improving work efficiency, and allowing for complete relocation with high equipment reuse rate. Lifting is safe and reliable, and operation is safe and convenient.

[0047] The liquid processing unit 6 also includes a cooling recovery unit, a cooling tower, an oil-water separator, several pipelines, a wood vinegar storage tank, and a wood tar storage tank. The organic liquid after pyrolysis and cooling is processed by the cooling recovery unit and separated into condensable liquid and non-condensable gas. The condensable liquid is separated by the oil-water separator, and the wood vinegar is separated into the wood vinegar storage tank through pipelines. The wood tar is separated into the wood tar storage tank through pipelines. The cooling tower is used to provide cooling water for the cooling recovery skid.

[0048] The biomass activated carbon produced in this application using the "ultra-high pressure filtration-drying-pyrolysis carbonization-activation" process has an iodine value of around 900. One ton of distiller's grains or biogas residue can produce 0.1 tons of biomass activated carbon, and can also co-produce 120 cubic meters of biomass gas, 0.1 tons of wood vinegar, and 0.02 tons of wood tar. This can fully convert the effective components in biogas residue into industrial products, greatly increase its added value, and thus achieve the goal of high-value utilization.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Although the present utility model has been disclosed above with reference to a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present utility model. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the scope of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A biomass activated carbon production system, characterized by, The pre-treatment device includes a pressure filter device for extruding liquid in the material multiple times, a drying device for drying the distiller's sludge, and a screw conveying device for conveying the dried distiller's sludge, the dried distiller's sludge is conveyed to the pyrolysis device by the screw conveying device for carbonization, the pyrolysis device carbonizes the material to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar, and the pyrolysis device generates biomass activated carbon which is conveyed to the activation device by the screw cooling device.

2. The system for preparing biomass activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The pre-treatment device includes a remote hydraulic closed transmission system, a hydraulic dewatering device, a screw feeder, a drying device, a water pump and pipelines. The pre-treatment device dries the distiller's sludge by pressure filtration and drying, so that the moisture content of the sludge is less than 20%, the separated water is sent to the sludge pool by the water pump through the pipeline, and the separated sludge is conveyed to the pyrolysis device. The remote hydraulic closed transmission system is used to transmit the distiller's sludge from the sludge pool to the hydraulic dewatering device. The hydraulic dewatering device includes a special ultra-high pressure hydraulic pressure filter device and a pipeline, through multiple extrusion and pressure retention, most of the water in the sludge is separated out and enters the sludge pool through the pipeline, and the moisture content of the sludge after pressure filtration is less than 40%; the sludge after pressure filtration is conveyed to the drying device by the screw feeder. The special ultra-high pressure hydraulic pressure filter device is composed of a discharge bin, a pressure chamber, a hydraulic switch, a stainless steel mesh, a piston, a connecting rod, a sealing device, a hydraulic oil cylinder, a discharge chute, a flange, a flow meter, a differential hydraulic cylinder and a PLC control system. The drying device includes a chain plate type drying device and a pipeline, steam is introduced into the chain plate type drying device through the pipeline for secondary drying to further separate the water in the sludge, the water enters the sludge pool through the pipeline, and the moisture content of the dried sludge is less than 20%; the sludge is conveyed to the pyrolysis device. The chain plate type drying device uses 75-110℃ low-temperature steam produced by a biogas boiler as a drying medium, and can dry the distiller's sludge to a moisture content of less than 12%.

3. The system for preparing biomass activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The pyrolysis device includes a closed feeding device, a pyrolysis carbonization device, a closed feeding device and a nitrogen pry. The pyrolysis device indirectly heats the sludge treated by the pre-treatment device at a temperature of 400-900℃ in an anaerobic state for about 90min to generate pyrolysis gas and biomass carbon, the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the gas treatment device by the induced draft fan, and the biomass carbon generated by pyrolysis is conveyed to the activation device by the closed feeding device.

4. The system for preparing biomass activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The activation device includes a steam activation furnace, a screw cooling feeder and a dust removal device; the dust removal device includes an induced draft fan, a dust remover and a pipeline.

5. The system for preparing biomass activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The screening device includes a vibrating screen machine, a conveying device and a packaging machine; the screening device classifies the biomass activated carbon after activation by the vibrating screen machine and packages it into a warehouse.

6. The system for preparing biomass activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The gas treatment device includes a ceramic filter, a cooling and recovery device, an induced draft fan, a gas purification device, a biomass gas tank, pipelines and a tail gas purification device.

7. The system for preparing biomass activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: The liquid treatment device includes a cooling and recovery device, a cooling water tower, an oil-water separation device, a pipeline, a wood vinegar storage tank and a wood tar storage tank.

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