Excavating bucket and excavator
By optimizing the parameter ratios of the excavating bucket, buckets suitable for different working conditions were designed, solving the problem of high operating costs of existing excavators and achieving more efficient excavation operations and better economic efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520148097.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-06
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-21
AI Technical Summary
The current excavator has a high cost of digging operations, and its economic efficiency needs to be improved.
By optimizing the key parameters of the excavating bucket, ensuring that the ratio of the bucket's opening length S to its width W is above 0.60 and below 1.25, and the ratio of its depth D to its opening length S is above 0.80 and below 1.45, bucket parameters suitable for different working conditions are designed to improve the bucket's excavation efficiency and economy.
This resulted in a shallower and narrower bucket, higher unloading efficiency, and greater cutting force, thus improving the economy and efficiency of excavation operations.
Smart Images
Figure CN223766878U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of excavator technology, specifically relating to an excavating bucket and an excavator. Background Technology
[0002] Mechanical excavation and backfilling costs are among the major management costs of earthwork in construction projects. Excavators are earthmoving machines that use buckets to excavate materials above or below the machine's bearing surface and load them into transport vehicles or unload them at stockpiles. They are widely used in infrastructure, bridge construction, mining, and other scenarios for removing and unloading various materials such as soil and rock. Currently, the excavation costs of existing excavators are relatively high, and their operational economics need to be improved. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a digging bucket and an excavator that improve the efficiency of digging operations, thereby further enhancing the economic efficiency of digging operations.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a digging bucket comprising a bottom wall, a lug assembly, and two side walls. The bottom wall is concave. The lug assembly includes a lug and a rear wall plate, the rear wall plate being connected to the rear end of the bottom wall. The two side walls are disposed on both sides of the bottom wall and the lug assembly. The two side walls, the bottom wall, and the rear wall plate together define a bucket cavity. A main cutting edge is provided at the front edge of the bottom wall. The maximum distance between the top ends of the two side walls is [missing information]. The width W of the excavating bucket, the distance between the highest point of the main cutting edge and the highest point of the rear wall plate in side view is the opening length S of the excavating bucket, the distance between the line connecting the highest point of the main cutting edge and the highest point of the rear wall plate in side view and the lowest point of the bucket bottom wall is the depth D of the excavating bucket, and the width W, the opening length S and the depth D satisfy: 0.60≤S / W≤1.25, 0.80≤S / D≤1.45.
[0005] In some specific embodiments, the width W of the digging bucket and the opening length S of the digging bucket satisfy: 0.75≤S / W≤1.10.
[0006] In some specific embodiments, the opening length S of the digging bucket and the depth D of the digging bucket satisfy: 0.95≤S / D≤1.30.
[0007] In some specific embodiments, the digging bucket is used to dig loose materials, and the width W of the digging bucket, the opening length S of the digging bucket, and the depth D of the digging bucket satisfy: 0.75≤S / W≤0.90, 1.10≤S / D≤1.30.
[0008] In some specific embodiments, the digging bucket is used to dig hard materials, and the width W of the digging bucket, the opening length S of the digging bucket, and the depth D of the digging bucket satisfy: 0.90≤S / W≤1.10, 0.95≤S / D≤1.10.
[0009] In some specific embodiments, the bucket capacity V of the bucket chamber b Satisfy: V b =S*W*D*m, where m is the bucket capacity correction coefficient, and satisfies: 0.9≤m≤1.1.
[0010] In some specific embodiments, each of the sidewalls includes a side blade and a side plate connected vertically.
[0011] In some specific embodiments, the excavating bucket further includes bucket teeth disposed on the main cutting edge.
[0012] A second aspect of this application provides an excavator that includes the aforementioned excavating bucket.
[0013] In some specific embodiments, the excavator further includes a boom, a stick, a stick drive mechanism, a connecting rod, a rocker arm, and a bucket drive mechanism. The rear part of the stick is hinged to the boom, and the front part of the stick is hinged to the excavating bucket through the upper ear hole of the ear plate assembly. The two ends of the stick drive mechanism are respectively hinged to the boom and the stick to drive the stick to rotate. The first end of the connecting rod is hinged to the first end of the rocker arm, the second end of the rocker arm is hinged to the stick, the second end of the connecting rod is hinged to the lower ear hole of the ear plate assembly, and the two ends of the bucket drive mechanism are respectively hinged to the first ends of the stick and the rocker arm.
[0014] Through the above technical solutions, by setting the S / W ratio above 0.60, the bucket opening can be further increased, thereby reducing the bucket depth. Compared to existing excavators, this results in a shallower bucket, better soil removal, and higher unloading efficiency. Setting the S / W ratio below 1.25 ensures that the bucket's digging capacity is maintained while improving unloading efficiency. Furthermore, by setting the S / D ratio above 0.80, the bucket opening can be further increased, thereby reducing the bucket width. Compared to existing excavators, this results in a narrower bucket, greater cutting force, and better digging capacity. Setting the S / D ratio below 1.45 ensures that the bucket's unloading efficiency is maintained while increasing cutting force. Thus, by designing the S / W and S / D parameters of the excavating bucket, the excavating bucket can be made more conducive to improving the efficiency of excavation operations, thereby further improving the economy of excavation operations.
[0015] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description
[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of this application, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings:
[0017] Figure 1 A side view of an excavating bucket according to one specific embodiment of this application is shown;
[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Rear view of the excavator bucket;
[0019] Figure 3 A partial structural schematic diagram of an excavator according to a specific embodiment of this application is shown;
[0020] Figure 4 A partial structural schematic diagram of an excavator according to one specific embodiment of this application is shown.
[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures
[0022] 1 Ear plate assembly 11 Ear plates
[0023] 12 Rear wall panel 2 Bottom wall of bucket
[0024] 3 main cutting edge plate 4 side cutting edge plate
[0025] 5 side panels, 6 booms
[0026] 7-bar 8-link
[0027] 9 joysticks Detailed Implementation
[0028] The specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this application.
[0029] The operating efficiency of an excavator affects the economy of excavation operations. As a key component of the excavator that directly contacts materials, the excavator bucket directly impacts the overall performance and efficiency of the excavator. Current technology lacks research on the parameter relationships of the bucket under different operating conditions, making it difficult to accurately design a suitable bucket for specific working conditions.
[0030] Therefore, this application, by studying the key parameters of the bucket, can improve the operating efficiency of the excavating bucket, thereby improving the economic efficiency of the excavator's excavation operation.
[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first aspect of this application provides an excavating bucket, which includes a bottom wall 2, a lug assembly 1, and two side walls. The bottom wall 2 is concave. The lug assembly 1 includes a lug 11 and a rear wall plate 12. The rear wall plate 12 is connected to the rear end of the bottom wall 2. The two side walls are respectively connected to the bottom wall 2 and the lug assembly 1 on both sides. The two side walls, the bottom wall 2, and the rear wall plate 12 together define the bucket cavity. The front edge of the bottom wall 2 is provided with a main cutting edge 3. The maximum distance between the tops of the two side walls is the width W of the excavating bucket. The distance between the highest point of the main cutting edge 3 in side view and the highest point of the rear wall plate 12 in side view is the opening length S of the excavating bucket. The distance between the line connecting the highest point of the main cutting edge 3 in side view and the highest point of the rear wall plate 12 in side view and the lowest point of the bottom wall 2 is the depth D of the excavating bucket. The width W of the digging bucket, the opening length S of the digging bucket, and the depth D of the digging bucket satisfy: 0.60≤S / W≤1.25, 0.80≤S / D≤1.45.
[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, each sidewall includes a side cutting edge 4 and a side plate 5 connected vertically, forming the sidewall area together with the side plate 4. The bucket bottom wall 2 is composed of a bucket bottom plate. The bucket body shape, formed by the bucket bottom wall 2, the rear wall plate 12, and the main cutting edge 3, is C-shaped. The opening length S and the width W of the digging bucket constitute the material entry plane during digging, and the depth D of the digging bucket determines the depth to which the material enters during operation. The three parameters—the opening length S, the width W, and the depth D—determine the bucket capacity V of the excavator's bucket chamber. b Size, the bucket capacity is the volume of the bucket cavity.
[0033] Optionally, the bucket capacity V of the bucket chamber b Satisfy: V b =S*W*D*m, where m is the bucket capacity correction coefficient, and satisfies: 0.9≤m≤1.1. For example... Figure 1 As shown, R is the radius of curvature of the bottom arc of the bucket bottom wall 2. Different R values result in different bucket capacity correction coefficients m. The bucket capacity correction coefficients m also differ depending on the front and rear positions of the lowest point of the bucket bottom wall 2.
[0034] A second aspect of this application provides an excavator that includes the aforementioned digging bucket. Because the excavator includes the aforementioned digging bucket, it also possesses all the technical effects brought about by the digging bucket.
[0035] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the excavator of this application also includes a boom 6, a stick 7, a stick drive mechanism, a connecting rod 8, a rocker arm 9, and a bucket drive mechanism. The stick drive mechanism and the bucket drive mechanism are not shown in the figures. The stick drive mechanism can be a stick cylinder, and the bucket drive mechanism can be a bucket cylinder. The rear part of the stick 7 is hinged to the boom 6, and the front part of the stick 7 is hinged to the bucket through the upper ear hole of the ear plate assembly 1. Both ends of the stick drive mechanism are hinged to the boom 6 and the stick 7 respectively to drive the stick 7 to rotate. The first end of the connecting rod 8 is hinged to the first end of the rocker arm 9, the second end of the rocker arm 9 is hinged to the stick 7, and the second end of the connecting rod 8 is hinged to the lower ear hole of the ear plate assembly 1. Both ends of the bucket drive mechanism are hinged to the stick 7 and the first end of the rocker arm 9 respectively.
[0036] Specifically, the larger the opening length S of the excavator bucket, the greater the digging force F of the excavator. w The smaller the value, the better. If Ft is defined as the cutting force, then F... t =F w / W. The wider the digging bucket W, the greater the cutting force F. t The smaller.
[0037] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the opening length S of the excavator bucket is closely related to the dimension r4. Since the strength of the ear plate assembly 1 needs to be guaranteed, the difference between r4 and the opening length S of the excavator bucket is basically constant under the premise of ensuring strength, and the smaller the better. This is because the smaller the difference, the smaller the value of r4, which is more conducive to improving digging force.
[0038] Neglecting the weight of the excavator's working device, and considering the connecting rod MK as a two-force member, the force at the two hinge points of the connecting rod is along the line connecting the two hinge points. Therefore, the theoretical digging force calculation formula for the bucket cylinder can be obtained from force equilibrium:
[0039]
[0040] Among them, F w F1 is the theoretical digging force (N) of the bucket cylinder, and F2 is the theoretical thrust (N) of the bucket cylinder. n3 is the number of bucket cylinders, D3 is the cylinder diameter of the bucket cylinder (mm), P0 is the system pressure (MPa), r1 is the lever arm of the bucket cylinder on hinge point N (mm), r2 is the lever arm of the connecting rod on hinge point N (mm), r3 is the lever arm of the connecting rod on hinge point Q (mm), and r4 is the distance from hinge point Q to hinge point V. a The distance (mm), i.e., r4 = I QVa , i is the transmission ratio of the linkage mechanism, and L3 is the instantaneous length (mm) of the bucket cylinder.
[0041] According to the cutting force formula Ft =F w As can be seen from / W, for digging buckets with equal digging force, different bucket widths W result in different cutting forces and consequently different digging effects. Therefore, using cutting force to measure digging capacity is more accurate.
[0042] F w Substitute F t have to:
[0043]
[0044] It can be seen that the cutting force is inversely proportional to the width W of the digging bucket.
[0045] In addition, by Figure 4 It can be seen that, without considering the weight of the excavator's working device, the theoretical digging force calculation formula for the boom cylinder digging can be obtained from force balance:
[0046]
[0047] In the formula, F w2 F1 is the theoretical digging force (N) of the boom cylinder, and F2 is the theoretical thrust (N) of the boom cylinder. n2 is the number of boom cylinders, D2 is the diameter of the bucket cylinder (mm), P0 is the system pressure (MPa), r5 is the lever arm of the bucket cylinder on hinge point F (mm); r6 is the distance from hinge point F to hinge point V. a The distance (mm), i.e., r6 = I FVa L2 is the instantaneous length of the boom cylinder (mm), and L3 is the instantaneous length of the bucket cylinder (mm).
[0048] F w2 Substitute F t2 have to:
[0049] boom cutting force:
[0050] Therefore, it can be seen that the value of r6 is also positively correlated with the opening length S of the digging bucket, F t2 It is negatively correlated with the width W of the excavator bucket.
[0051] Therefore, by ensuring the ratio of the bucket opening length S to the bucket width W is greater than 0.60, the bucket opening length S can be further increased, thereby further reducing the bucket depth D. This results in a shallower bucket compared to existing excavators, leading to better bucket clearance and higher unloading efficiency. If the ratio of the bucket opening length S to the bucket width W is greater than 1.25, the bucket opening length S relative to the bucket width W may increase. According to formulas ② and ④ above, an increase in the bucket opening length S leads to an increase in r4 and r6, which in turn leads to an increase in F. t and F t2 A decrease in cutting force makes it difficult to maintain the cutting force, resulting in the bucket being unable to dig. Therefore, by keeping the ratio of the bucket opening length S to the bucket width W below 1.25, it is possible to improve the bucket unloading efficiency while ensuring the bucket's digging capacity.
[0052] Optionally, the width W of the digging bucket and the opening length S of the digging bucket can further satisfy: 0.75 ≤ S / W ≤ 1.10. This results in a shallower bucket compared to existing excavators, leading to better bucket soil removal and higher unloading efficiency. Furthermore, by ensuring the ratio of the opening length S to the width W of the digging bucket is below 1.10, the bucket's digging capacity can be further guaranteed while improving unloading efficiency.
[0053] Furthermore, by ensuring the ratio of the bucket opening length S to the bucket depth D is above 0.80, the bucket opening length S can be further increased, leading to a further decrease in the bucket width W. This results in a narrower bucket width W compared to existing excavators. As shown in formulas ② and ④, this leads to greater cutting force and better bucket digging capability. If the ratio of the bucket opening length S to the bucket depth D is greater than 1.45, the bucket opening length S may increase relative to the bucket depth D, resulting in a decrease in the bucket width W—a deeper and narrower bucket—leading to poorer bucket feeding and unloading efficiency. Therefore, by keeping the ratio of the bucket opening length S to the bucket depth D below 1.45, it is possible to improve the bucket cutting force while maintaining efficient bucket unloading.
[0054] Optionally, the opening length S and depth D of the digging bucket can further satisfy the condition: 0.95 ≤ S / D ≤ 1.30. This results in a narrower bucket width W compared to existing excavators, leading to greater cutting force and improved digging capability. Furthermore, by ensuring the ratio of the bucket opening length S to the bucket depth D is below 1.30, it is possible to enhance the bucket's cutting force while simultaneously maintaining efficient unloading.
[0055] Optionally, when the digging bucket is used to dig loose materials, the width W of the digging bucket, the opening length S of the digging bucket, and the depth D of the digging bucket can satisfy: 0.75≤S / W≤0.9, 1.1≤S / D≤1.3.
[0056] Specifically, for working conditions involving particularly loose materials, with the same bucket capacity, the ratio between the bucket opening length S and the bucket width W tends to be smaller, i.e., S / W should be as close to 0.75 as possible. The ratio between the bucket opening length S and the bucket depth D tends to be larger, i.e., S / D should be as close to 1.3 as possible. This is because the plane into which material enters the bucket during digging is determined by the bucket opening length S and the bucket width W. The feeding area P = S * W. The bucket opening length S determines the size of r4, which in turn determines the digging force; the bucket width W determines the cutting force. A larger bucket width W results in a smaller cutting force and also determines the bucket feeding area P. With a fixed bucket opening length S, a larger bucket width W results in a larger feeding area and higher feeding efficiency. According to V... b From the equation S*W*D*m, we can see that the larger the width W of the digging bucket, the smaller the depth D of the digging bucket, thus resulting in higher unloading efficiency and lower cutting force Ft. For digging loose materials, the excavator experiences relatively less resistance, therefore requiring a relatively smaller cutting force. Thus, for this type of loose material operation, to improve feeding and unloading efficiency while considering the varying degrees of material looseness, the opening length S, depth D, and width W of the digging bucket satisfy the following relationships: 0.75≤S / W≤0.90, 1.10≤S / D≤1.30.
[0057] Optionally, when the digging bucket is used to dig hard materials, the opening length S, the depth D, and the width W of the digging bucket satisfy: 0.90≤S / W≤1.10, 0.95≤S / D≤1.10.
[0058] Specifically, for hard material handling, with the same bucket capacity, the ratio between the bucket opening length S and the bucket width W tends to be larger, i.e., S / W should be as close to 1.10 as possible. The ratio between the bucket opening length S and the bucket depth D tends to be smaller, i.e., S / D should be as close to 0.95 as possible. This is because the conditions for hard materials are the opposite of those for loose materials; hard materials require greater cutting forces, therefore the bucket width W needs to be reduced as much as possible to increase the cutting force. With a constant bucket capacity, to maintain a larger cutting force, the bucket depth D can be increased to compensate for the capacity loss caused by the reduced bucket width W. Furthermore, compared to loose materials, the bucket depth D has a smaller impact on the unloading efficiency of hard materials. Therefore, for such hard material working conditions, in order to improve the cutting force while taking into account the different hardness of the hard materials, the opening length S of the digging bucket, the depth D of the digging bucket, and the width W of the digging bucket satisfy the following relationship: 0.90≤S / W≤1.10, 0.95≤S / D≤1.10.
[0059] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the excavating bucket also includes bucket teeth, which are mounted on the main cutting edge 3.
[0060] In summary, based on the bucket key parameter control method of this application, this application provides key parameters affecting bucket capacity and their relationships, facilitating the control and calculation of each key parameter in bucket design and enabling rapid determination of key bucket parameters. The excavating bucket and excavator of this application, by setting different parameter range values, correspond to buckets suitable for different working conditions, improving the operational efficiency of the excavator. Specifically, for working conditions involving particularly loose materials, the width W, opening length S, and depth D of the excavating bucket satisfy: 0.75≤S / W≤0.9, 1.1≤S / D≤1.3. For working conditions involving hard materials, the opening length S, depth D, and width W of the excavating bucket satisfy: 0.90≤S / W≤1.10, 0.95≤S / D≤1.10.
[0061] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0062] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between components; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0063] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0064] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.
Claims
1. An excavating bucket, characterized by The excavating bucket comprises a bottom wall (2), an ear plate assembly (1) and two side walls, the bottom wall (2) is concave, the ear plate assembly (1) comprises an ear plate (11) and a back wall plate (12), the back wall plate (12) is connected to the rear end of the bottom wall (2), the two side walls are connected to the two sides of the bottom wall (2) and the ear plate assembly (1), the two side walls, the bottom wall (2) and the back wall plate (12) jointly define a bucket cavity, the front end of the bottom wall (2) is provided with a main blade plate (3), the maximum distance between the top ends of the two side walls is the width W of the excavating bucket, the distance between the uppermost point of the main blade plate (3) in the side view and the uppermost point of the back wall plate (12) in the side view is the opening length S of the excavating bucket, the distance between the line connecting the uppermost point of the main blade plate (3) in the side view and the uppermost point of the back wall plate (12) in the side view and the lowest point of the bottom wall (2) is the depth D of the excavating bucket, the width W of the excavating bucket, the opening length S of the excavating bucket and the depth D of the excavating bucket satisfy 0.60≤S / W≤1.25 and 0.80≤S / D≤1.
45.
2. The excavating bucket of claim 1, wherein, The width W of the excavating bucket and the opening length S of the excavating bucket satisfy 0.75≤S / W≤1.
10.
3. The excavating bucket of claim 2, wherein, The opening length S of the excavating bucket and the depth D of the excavating bucket satisfy 0.95≤S / D≤1.
30.
4. The excavating bucket of claim 3, wherein, The excavating bucket is used for excavating loose materials, the width W of the excavating bucket, the opening length S of the excavating bucket and the depth D of the excavating bucket satisfy 0.75≤S / W≤0.90 and 1.10≤S / D≤1.
30.
5. The excavating bucket of claim 3, wherein, The excavating bucket is used for excavating hard materials, the width W of the excavating bucket, the opening length S of the excavating bucket and the depth D of the excavating bucket satisfy 0.90≤S / W≤1.10 and 0.95≤S / D≤1.
10.
6. The excavating bucket of claim 1, wherein, The bucket volume V of the bucket chamber b satisfies: V b = S * W * D * m, the m being a bucket volume correction coefficient, and satisfying: 0.90 ≤ m ≤ 1.
10.
7. The excavating bucket of claim 1, wherein, Each of the side walls comprises a side blade plate (4) and a side plate (5) connected in sequence.
8. The excavating bucket of claim 1, wherein, The excavating bucket further comprises a bucket tooth arranged on the main blade plate (3).
9. An excavator characterized by comprising: The excavating bucket comprises any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The excavator of claim 9, wherein, The excavating machine further comprises a boom (6), a stick (7), a stick driving mechanism, a connecting rod (8), a rocker (9) and a bucket driving mechanism, the rear of the stick (7) is hinged to the boom (6), the front of the stick (7) is hinged to the excavating bucket through the upper ear hole of the ear plate assembly (1), the two ends of the stick driving mechanism are respectively hinged to the boom (6) and the stick (7) to drive the stick (7) to rotate, the first end of the connecting rod (8) is hinged to the first end of the rocker (9), the second end of the rocker (9) is hinged to the stick (7), the second end of the connecting rod (8) is hinged to the lower ear hole of the ear plate assembly (1), and the two ends of the bucket driving mechanism are respectively hinged to the stick (7) and the first end of the rocker (9).