Multi-band antenna and communication equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, and discloses a multi-band antenna and communication equipment, the multi-band antenna comprises a circuit board, a radiation patch, a grounding layer and a feed structure, the circuit board comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged, the radiation patch is arranged on the first surface, and the grounding layer is arranged on the second surface. The radiation patch comprises a plurality of radiation units and slot units located between the radiation units, and the adjacent radiation units are electrically connected through the slot units to form a radiation path; the grounding layer is arranged on the second surface, the feed structure comprises a feed port and a transmission cable, one end of the transmission cable is connected with the feed port, the feed port is electrically connected with the radiation patch, and the transmission cable is used for transmitting radio frequency signals. Through the above mode, the embodiment of the utility model can effectively solve the technical problem that the coverage frequency band of the existing antenna is single.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a multi-band antenna and a communication device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, mobile communication systems have evolved from 2G, 3G, 4G to 5G. In this process, the demand for multi-band antennas for various mobile terminal devices has shown significant growth, and existing antenna solutions have many limitations. Traditional single-band antennas cannot meet the demand of multi-mode communication, and if multiple single-band antennas are integrated into a device, it will occupy too much space, which is not conducive to the miniaturization design of the product. Although some multi-band antennas can cover a certain range of frequency bands, due to the lack of fine design, the connection between frequency bands is not smooth, and problems such as signal interruption and communication delay may occur during frequency band switching, which seriously affects the user experience

[0003] In the implementation process of the present application, the inventor found that the traditional single-band antenna adopts a single-layer PCB structure design, and the layout of the radiation unit is limited to the plane space, making it difficult to meet the technical requirements of multi-band coverage. If a combination of multiple single-band antennas is used, not only does it increase the complexity of PCB layer stacking, but it also causes electromagnetic interference between antennas, affecting overall performance. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0004] The technical problem solved by the embodiment of the present application is to provide a multi-band antenna that can effectively solve the technical problem of single-band coverage of existing antennas.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, one technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present application is to provide a multi-band antenna, which includes a circuit board, a radiation patch, a ground layer and a feeding structure. The circuit board includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, the radiation patch is arranged on the first surface, the radiation patch includes a plurality of radiation units and a gap unit between each radiation unit, and adjacent radiation units are electrically connected to form a radiation path through the gap unit. The ground layer is arranged on the second surface, and the feeding structure includes a feeding port and a transmission cable, one end of the transmission cable is connected to the feeding port, the feeding port is electrically connected to the radiation patch, and the transmission cable is used to transmit radio frequency signals.

[0006] Optionally, the plurality of radiation units includes a first radiation unit, a second radiation unit and a third radiation unit, and the first radiation unit, the second radiation unit and the third radiation unit are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the first surface.

[0007] Optionally, the first radiating unit comprises a first radiating branch and a second radiating branch connected perpendicularly to the first radiating branch.

[0008] Optionally, the second radiating unit comprises a third radiating branch and a fourth radiating branch arranged in parallel, and a fifth radiating branch connecting the third radiating branch and the fourth radiating branch.

[0009] Optionally, the slot unit comprises a first slot branch and a second slot branch, the first slot branch is located between the first radiating unit and the second radiating unit, and the second slot branch is located between the second radiating unit and the third radiating unit.

[0010] Optionally, the first slot branch and the second slot branch each comprise a plurality of folded line segments, adjacent folded line segments are sequentially connected end to end and arranged alternately perpendicularly.

[0011] Optionally, the circuit board comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate stacked in sequence, the first surface is an upper surface of the first substrate, and the second surface is a lower surface of the third substrate.

[0012] Optionally, the multi-band antenna further comprises a matching circuit arranged on the first surface, and the feed port is electrically connected to the radiating patch through the matching circuit.

[0013] Optionally, the transmission cable is a coaxial cable, and an inner conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the feed port.

[0014] To solve the above technical problems, another technical scheme adopted by the embodiments of the present application is to provide a communication device comprising the multi-band antenna described in any one of the above.

[0015] The embodiment of the present application provides a multi-band antenna, which comprises a circuit board, a radiation patch, a ground layer and a feeding structure, the circuit board comprises a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely, the radiation patch is arranged on the first surface, the radiation patch comprises a plurality of radiation units and a gap unit between each radiation unit, adjacent radiation units are electrically connected to form a radiation path through the gap unit; the ground layer is arranged on the second surface, the feeding structure comprises a feeding port and a transmission cable, one end of the transmission cable is connected with the feeding port, the feeding port is electrically connected with the radiation patch, and the transmission cable is used for transmitting a radio frequency signal. By arranging the radiation patch comprising a plurality of radiation units on the first surface of the circuit board and adopting the structure design that the gap unit is used for connecting each radiation unit, a complete radiation path is formed, and the technical problem that an existing antenna has a single covered frequency band is effectively solved. The arrangement of the gap unit increases the current path length, expands the working frequency band of the antenna, and realizes the coverage of multiple communication frequency bands. Meanwhile, the feeding mode of the transmission cable improves the signal transmission efficiency and reduces the feeding loss. The structure design guarantees the multi-band performance of the antenna, is convenient for production and manufacturing, and significantly improves the market competitiveness of the product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, each element or part is not necessarily drawn according to the actual proportion.

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the multi-band antenna of the embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the back of the multi-band antenna of the embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the radiation patch of the embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 is another schematic diagram of the radiation patch of the embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 is still another schematic diagram of the radiation patch of the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the feeding structure of the embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the return loss of the multi-band antenna of the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 8 is a frequency coverage test diagram of the multi-band antenna of the embodiment of the present application.

[0025] The reference signs in the detailed description are as follows: 100, multi-band antenna; 10, circuit board; 11, first surface; 20, radiation patch; 21, slot unit; 210, first slot branch; 211, second slot branch; 212, broken line segment; 22, first radiation unit; 23, second radiation unit; 24, three radiation units; 220, first radiation branch; 221, second radiation branch; 230, third radiation branch; 231, fourth radiation branch; 30, feeding structure; 31, feeding port; 32, transmission cable; 40, ground layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or one or more intervening elements can be present therebetween. When an element is described as "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or one or more intervening elements can be present therebetween. The terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal" and the like used in the present specification indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only for the purpose of description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present application. The term "and / or" used in the present specification includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0028] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0029] Reference Figures 1 to 3As shown, the embodiment provides a multi-band antenna 100, comprising a circuit board 10, a radiation patch 20, a ground layer 40 and a feed structure 30; the circuit board 10 comprises oppositely arranged first surface 11 and second surface (not shown), the first surface 11 is used to lay the radiation structure, and the second surface (not shown) is used to lay the ground layer 40, the multi-band antenna 100 in the application has a clear radiation surface and ground surface, which is beneficial to form a stable electromagnetic field distribution and realize the coverage of the required frequency band of 2G / 3G / 4G / 5G communication system; the radiation patch 20 is arranged on the first surface 11 of the circuit board 10, the radiation patch 20 comprises a plurality of radiation units and a gap unit 21 between each radiation unit, each radiation unit is electrically connected through the gap unit 21 to form a complete radiation path, realizing effective transmission of electromagnetic signals; the ground layer 40 is arranged on the second surface (not shown) of the circuit board 10, and forms electromagnetic coupling with the radiation patch 20. The arrangement of the ground layer 40 provides a stable reference plane for the radio frequency signal, and also plays a role of shielding back radiation, the feed structure 30 comprises a feed port 31 and a transmission cable 32, one end of the transmission cable 32 is connected with the feed port 31, and the feed port 31 is electrically connected with the radiation patch 20. The transmission cable 32 is used for transmitting radio frequency signals to ensure that the signals can be efficiently transmitted to the radiation patch 20.

[0030] Specifically, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the plurality of radiation units comprises a first radiation unit 22, a second radiation unit 23 and a third radiation unit 24, the first radiation unit 22, the second radiation unit 23 and the third radiation unit 24 are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the first surface 11, the above linear arrangement design not only facilitates directional transmission of signals, but also is beneficial to control the overall size of the antenna. The first radiation unit 22 adopts an "L" shaped structure design, and further, the first radiation unit 22 comprises a first radiation branch 220 and a second radiation branch 221 connected perpendicularly thereto, wherein the first radiation branch 220 extends in the horizontal direction, and the second radiation branch 221 extends in the vertical direction. This "L" shaped structure design enables the first radiation unit 22 to simultaneously generate current distribution in the horizontal and vertical directions, effectively expanding the radiation bandwidth of the low frequency band; the second radiation unit 23 adopts a "U" shaped structure design, and further, the second radiation unit 23 comprises a third radiation branch 230 and a fourth radiation branch 231 arranged in parallel, and a fifth radiation branch 232 connecting the two. Wherein, the third radiation branch 230 and the fourth radiation branch 231 are arranged in parallel to the length direction of the first surface 11, and the fifth radiation branch 232 is connected perpendicularly between the third radiation branch 230 and the fourth radiation branch 231. This "U" shaped structure not only increases the transmission path of the current, but also enhances the radiation characteristics of the middle frequency band through the coupling effect of the parallel arms.

[0031] In the working state, the radio frequency signal is transmitted to the feed port 31 through the transmission cable 32, and then transmitted to the radiation patch 20 through the feed port 31. The signal first excites the first radiation unit 22, which can effectively radiate low-frequency signals due to the "L" shape structure. Then, the signal is transmitted to the "U" shaped second radiation unit 23 through the gap unit 21, which realizes the radiation of the intermediate frequency band signal by using its special structure. Finally, the signal is transmitted to the third radiation unit 24 to complete the radiation of the high frequency band signal. Through reasonable structure design and layout, the three radiation units realize continuous coverage of multiple frequency bands. The setting of the gap unit 21 not only provides a signal transmission channel, but also increases the current path length through its special structure, effectively improving the transition characteristics between frequency bands.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, the design of the "L" shaped first radiation unit 22 realizes effective coverage of the low frequency band, providing reliable protection for long distance communication. The "U" shaped second radiation unit 23 is used to enhance the radiation performance of the intermediate frequency band by using the coupling effect of its parallel arms. The linear arrangement design of the radiation unit not only ensures the continuity of signal transmission, but also realizes the compactness of the multi-band antenna 100 structure.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 4 to 5 , the radiation patch 20 includes a first radiation unit 22, a second radiation unit 23 and a third radiation unit 24 arranged in sequence along the length direction of the first surface 11. The gap unit 21 includes a first gap branch 210 and a second gap branch 211, the first gap branch 210 is located between the first radiation unit 22 and the second radiation unit 23, and the second gap branch 211 is located between the second radiation unit 23 and the third radiation unit 24. Specifically, the first gap branch 210 includes a plurality of vertically alternating folded line segments 212. Further, the first gap branch 210 and the second gap branch 211 have the same structure, and each includes a plurality of folded line segments 212. Adjacent folded line segments 212 are sequentially connected end to end and vertically arranged alternately. Further, each gap unit 21 includes four folded line segments 212, the first folded line segment 212 extends in the horizontal direction, the second folded line segment 212 is vertically connected to the end of the first folded line segment 212 and extends in the vertical direction, the third folded line segment 212 is horizontally connected to the end of the second folded line segment 212 and extends in the horizontal direction, and the fourth folded line segment 212 is vertically connected to the end of the third folded line segment 212 and extends in the vertical direction.

[0034] The first slot branch 210 is connected with the first radiating unit 22 at the head end and connected with the second radiating unit 23 at the tail end. The second slot branch 211 is connected with the second radiating unit 23 at the head end and connected with the third radiating unit 24 at the tail end. The alternately and vertically arranged fold line segments 212 significantly increase the current transmission path length in the slot branches. During the operation of the multi-band antenna 100, when the radio frequency signal is transmitted from the first radiating unit 22 to the second radiating unit 23, the radio frequency signal passes through the four fold line segments 212 of the first slot branch 210. The radio frequency signal changes direction multiple times in the fold line segments 212, thereby prolonging the current transmission path. Similarly, when the radio frequency signal is transmitted from the second radiating unit 23 to the third radiating unit 24, the radio frequency signal passes through the four fold line segments 212 of the second slot branch 211, further increasing the current path length.

[0035] In the embodiments of the present application, the alternately and vertically arranged fold line segments 212 significantly increase the current transmission path through the special structural design of the first slot branch 210 and the second slot branch 211, effectively expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna, the fold line structure of the slot unit 21 optimizes the impedance matching between the radiating units, improves the standing wave characteristics of the antenna at different frequency bands, and the symmetrical design of the first slot branch 210 and the second slot branch 211 ensures that the multi-band antenna 100 has stable radiation characteristics at each frequency band, and the structural design of the slot unit 21 provides a reliable signal transmission channel for the multi-band antenna 100, ensuring the continuous working ability of the antenna at each frequency band.

[0036] In the embodiments of the present application, the circuit board 10 adopts a multi-layer printed circuit board 10 structure, including a first substrate (not shown in the figure), a second substrate (not shown in the figure) and a third substrate (not shown in the figure) which are stacked in sequence. The upper surface of the first substrate constitutes the first surface 11, and the lower surface of the third substrate constitutes the second surface (not shown in the figure). The first substrate, the second substrate and the third substrate are electrically interconnected through vias to form a complete signal transmission channel. The first substrate is mainly used for laying the radiating patch 20 and the matching circuit, and the first substrate is made of low-loss dielectric material to reduce the transmission loss of the radio frequency signal. The second substrate serves as an intermediate layer and lays signal lines and ground lines to provide a signal transmission channel. The third substrate is mainly used for laying the ground layer 40 to provide a stable reference ground plane for the radio frequency signal.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the multi-band antenna 100 is provided with a matching circuit on the first surface 11, which is located at the feeding position of the radiation patch 20. The matching circuit comprises an impedance transformation structure printed on the first surface 11, which is used to convert the characteristic impedance of the feeding port 31 into the input impedance of the radiation patch 20, so as to realize impedance matching. One end of the matching circuit is electrically connected to the radiation patch 20, and the other end is electrically connected to the feeding port 31. Through the arrangement of the matching circuit, the VSWR characteristic of the multi-band antenna 100 in each frequency band is significantly improved, and the transmission efficiency of the radio frequency signal is improved.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 6 In the embodiment of the present application, the feeding structure 30 of the multi-band antenna 100 adopts a coaxial cable feeding mode. The coaxial cable comprises an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the inner conductor is electrically connected to the feeding port 31, and the outer conductor is electrically connected to the ground layer 40. The characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable matches the input impedance of the matching circuit, ensuring efficient transmission of radio frequency signals. The connection of the coaxial cable is provided with a fixing structure for enhancing the reliability of the connection of the coaxial cable and the circuit board 10. The arrangement of the fixing structure also facilitates the installation and debugging of the multi-band antenna 100.

[0039] When the multi-band antenna 100 is working, the radio frequency signal is transmitted to the feeding port 31 through the coaxial cable, and then transmitted to the radiation patch 20 after impedance conversion through the matching circuit. The matching circuit ensures impedance matching during signal transmission, reducing reflection loss. The multi-layer circuit board 10 structure provides a stable transmission environment for radio frequency signals. The signal line and ground line layout scheme in the second substrate 14 optimizes the electromagnetic field distribution and reduces stray radiation. The ground layer 40 on the third substrate 15 provides a stable reference ground plane for the entire antenna system.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , refer to the multi-band antenna 100 waveform diagram shown in Figure 7 The return loss of the multi-band antenna 100 at 617MHz frequency point is-8.5789dB, and the return loss at 960MHz frequency point is-4.7570dB, which fully covers the 2G / 3G low frequency band communication frequency band. In the frequency range of 1695-2690MHz, the return loss of the multi-band antenna 100 is better than-10dB, and the best point is-16.104dB at 2.69GHz, which indicates that the antenna has good impedance matching characteristics in the 4G frequency band.

[0041] In the 5G frequency band range of 3300-4900MHz, the multi-band antenna 100 exhibits stable standing wave characteristics, and the return loss is maintained below -3dB. In particular, at the two key frequency points of 3.3GHz and 4.9GHz, the return loss reaches -3.9559dB and -3.1837dB respectively, meeting the bandwidth requirements of the 5G communication system.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 8 Through frequency coverage test analysis of the multi-band antenna, the multi-band antenna 100 realizes continuous coverage of three frequency bands: 617-960MHz frequency band: mainly worked by the first radiation unit 22, covering the 2G / 3G low-frequency communication frequency band; 1695-2690MHz frequency band: responsible for the second radiation unit 23, covering the 4G communication frequency band; 3300-4900MHz frequency band: worked by the third radiation unit 24, meeting the 5G communication demand. Further, the setting of the gap unit 21 makes the transition between each frequency band smooth, avoiding signal jump when switching frequency bands. The optimization design of the matching circuit ensures good impedance matching characteristics in the full frequency band range.

[0043] The embodiment of the present application provides a multi-band antenna 100, which comprises a circuit board 10, a radiation patch 20, a ground layer 40 and a feeding structure 30, the circuit board 10 comprises a first surface 11 and a second surface (not shown in the figure) arranged oppositely, the radiation patch 20 is arranged on the first surface 11, the radiation patch 20 comprises a plurality of radiation units and a gap unit 21 between each radiation unit, adjacent radiation units are electrically connected to form a radiation path through the gap unit 21; the ground layer 40 is arranged on the second surface (not shown in the figure), the feeding structure 30 comprises a feeding port 31 and a transmission cable 32, one end of the transmission cable 32 is connected with the feeding port 31, the feeding port 31 is electrically connected with the radiation patch 20, and the transmission cable 32 is used for transmitting radio frequency signals. By arranging the radiation patch 20 comprising a plurality of radiation units on the first surface 11 of the circuit board 10 and adopting the structure design of connecting each radiation unit by the gap unit 21, a complete radiation path is formed, effectively solving the technical problem of single coverage frequency band of the existing antenna. The setting of the gap unit 21 increases the current path length and expands the working frequency band of the antenna, realizing the coverage of multiple communication frequency bands. At the same time, the transmission cable 32 feeding mode improves the signal transmission efficiency and reduces the feeding loss. The structure design not only guarantees the multi-band performance of the antenna, but also is convenient for production and manufacturing, significantly improving the market competitiveness of the product.

[0044] The embodiment also provides a specific communication device, which focuses on the application effect and performance test result of the multi-band antenna 100 in the actual communication device. The communication device comprises a device main body and the multi-band antenna 100 arranged in the device main body. The multi-band antenna 100 comprises a circuit board 10, a radiation patch 20, a ground layer 40 and a feed structure 30. The first surface 11 of the circuit board 10 is provided with the radiation patch 20, and the second surface (not shown) is provided with the ground layer 40. The feed structure 30 is connected with the radio frequency circuit of the communication device through a coaxial cable. More specifically, the multi-band antenna 100 is arranged at the edge area of the device main body, and the radiation patch 20 is arranged towards the outside of the device main body. The coaxial cable is led out from the side of the circuit board 10 and is arranged to the radio frequency circuit of the device through a bendable mode, so as to ensure the flexible installation of the multi-band antenna 100 in the communication device.

[0045] The above is only the embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent flow transformation using the content of the specification and drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, is also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-band antenna, characterized by, The multi-band antenna comprises: a circuit board comprising a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely; a radiation patch arranged on the first surface, the radiation patch comprising a plurality of radiation units and a gap unit arranged between each of the radiation units, adjacent radiation units being electrically connected through the gap unit to form a radiation path; a ground layer arranged on the second surface; a feeding structure comprising a feeding port and a transmission cable, one end of the transmission cable being connected to the feeding port, the feeding port being electrically connected to the radiation patch, the transmission cable being used for transmitting radio frequency signals.

2. The multi-band antenna of claim 1, wherein: the plurality of radiation units comprise a first radiation unit, a second radiation unit and a third radiation unit, the first radiation unit, the second radiation unit and the third radiation unit being arranged in sequence along a length direction of the first surface.

3. The multi-band antenna of claim 2, wherein: the first radiation unit comprises a first radiation branch and a second radiation branch connected perpendicularly to the first radiation branch.

4. The multi-band antenna of claim 3, wherein: the second radiation unit comprises a third radiation branch and a fourth radiation branch arranged in parallel, and a fifth radiation branch connecting the third radiation branch and the fourth radiation branch.

5. The multi-band antenna of claim 2, wherein: the gap unit comprises a first gap branch and a second gap branch, the first gap branch being arranged between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit, and the second gap branch being arranged between the second radiation unit and the third radiation unit.

6. The multi-band antenna of claim 5, wherein, the first gap branch and the second gap branch each comprise a plurality of folded line segments, adjacent folded line segments being sequentially connected end to end and arranged alternately perpendicularly.

7. The multi-band antenna of claim 1, wherein: the circuit board comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate stacked in sequence, the first surface being an upper surface of the first substrate, and the second surface being a lower surface of the third substrate.

8. The multi-band antenna of claim 1, wherein: the multi-band antenna further comprises a matching circuit arranged on the first surface, the feeding port being electrically connected to the radiation patch through the matching circuit.

9. The multi-band antenna of claim 1, wherein: the transmission cable is a coaxial cable, an inner conductor of the coaxial cable being electrically connected to the feeding port.

10. A communication device, characterized by An electronic device comprising the multi-band antenna of any one of claims 1-9.

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