Anti-explosion valve of battery box body, battery box body, battery pack and vehicle

Abstract

According to the explosion-proof valve of the battery box body, the battery box body, the battery pack and the vehicle, in a conventional state, a cover body can be locked with a valve main body through a locking piece, so that the cover body covers the opening position of the valve main body, and therefore, even if the vehicle wades and the battery pack is under external negative pressure, the explosion-proof valve is still in a closed state, and the explosion-proof effect is good. The explosion-proof valve cannot be driven to open only by the internal and external pressure difference of the battery pack; when thermal runaway occurs, the piston piece can be electrically controlled or controlled to move to the first position in other modes, and the piston piece can drive the locking piece to act to unlock the cover body and the valve main body, so that the cover body can open the first opening under the pushing of high-speed airflow, and fluid in the battery box body can flow out from the first opening; therefore, the internal pressure of the battery box is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to an explosion-proof valve, a battery housing, a battery pack, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Battery packs are an important component of new energy vehicles. Their operation generates a lot of heat, and their thermal safety is one of the important factors to consider in product design.

[0003] Currently, battery packs consist of a battery housing, inside which several battery cells are installed. Thermal runaway of the battery cells can cause an increase in internal pressure within the battery housing. To ensure the safety of the battery pack, an explosion-proof valve is usually installed on the battery housing. When the internal pressure of the battery housing exceeds a preset value, the fluid medium inside the battery housing will push open the cover of the explosion-proof valve, and gas or liquid will be discharged from the first opening of the explosion-proof valve to the outside of the housing, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the battery housing.

[0004] However, under certain water-related operating conditions, negative pressure can be generated around the high-speed flowing liquid. The pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery pack can cause the explosion-proof valve to open abnormally, threatening the safety of components such as wiring harnesses installed around the battery pack and the internal components of the battery pack.

[0005] Therefore, how to solve the defect of abnormal valve opening in explosion-proof valves is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide an explosion-proof valve for a battery box, which has a low probability of abnormal opening and can improve the safety of the battery pack and its surrounding components. Another purpose of this application is to provide a battery box, battery pack, and vehicle including the above-mentioned explosion-proof valve.

[0007] This application provides an explosion-proof valve for a battery box, comprising:

[0008] A valve body having a first opening and a fluid passage connected to the first opening inside the valve body;

[0009] A cover that closes to the first opening;

[0010] A locking element that locks the cover and the valve body so that the cover is in a position that closes to the first opening;

[0011] The cylinder and piston are provided. The cylinder is fixed to the valve body or the cover. The piston is located inside the cylinder. When the piston moves to the first position, the piston drives the locking member to unlock the cover and the valve body.

[0012] In this embodiment, under normal conditions, the cover can be locked to the valve body by a locking member, so that the cover is closed to the opening position of the valve body. In this way, even if the battery pack is in a state of negative pressure due to water immersion, the explosion-proof valve will remain closed, meaning that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery pack alone cannot drive the explosion-proof valve to open. When thermal runaway occurs, the piston can be controlled to move to the first position by electric control or other means. The piston can drive the locking member to unlock the cover and the valve body. In this way, the cover can open the first opening under the push of high-speed airflow, and the fluid inside the battery box can flow out from the first opening, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the battery box.

[0013] In one example, one end of the cylinder is fixed to the cover, the valve body has a guide hole, and the locking member axially limits the connection between the cylinder and the hole wall surrounding the guide hole.

[0014] In one example, the peripheral wall of the cylinder has a radial through hole, one end of the locking member is connected to the valve body, and the locking member is at least partially capable of being elastically engaged into the radial through hole in a radial direction;

[0015] The piston assembly includes a piston body and a support leg connected to the piston body. The support leg extends away from the central axis of the cylinder. When the piston assembly moves to the first position, the support leg pushes the locking member to move radially so that the locking member disengages from the radial through hole.

[0016] In one example, the explosion-proof valve further includes an elastomer fitted around the periphery of the guide hole. The number of locking elements is at least two. The cylinder is provided with radial through holes corresponding to the locking elements. The piston is provided with legs corresponding to the locking elements. All the locking elements are mounted on the elastomer, and each locking element passes through the periphery of the guide hole and engages with the radial through hole.

[0017] In one example, a connecting arm is connected to a partial position on the end face of the piston body. The connecting arm extends axially and is elastically rotatable about its connection position with the piston body. The support leg is located at the end of the connecting arm away from the piston body.

[0018] In one example, the explosion-proof valve further includes a first elastic member press-fitted between the cover and the piston, and the cylinder has a second opening on the side away from the cover.

[0019] In one example, one of the piston body and the inner wall of the guide hole is provided with a slider, and the other is provided with a groove that cooperates with the slider to guide the axial movement of the piston body.

[0020] In one example, the explosion-proof valve further includes a second elastic component, and the end of the cylinder away from the cover has a boss, with the second elastic component pressed between the boss and the valve body.

[0021] This application also provides a battery enclosure, including a main body and an explosion-proof valve as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the explosion-proof valve is installed on the main body.

[0022] This application embodiment also provides a battery pack, including the battery housing and battery cells described above, wherein the battery cells are located inside the housing body.

[0023] This application also provides a vehicle, including a vehicle body and the aforementioned battery pack, wherein the battery pack is mounted on the vehicle body.

[0024] The vehicle, battery pack, and battery housing of this application all include the aforementioned explosion-proof valve, and therefore the vehicle, battery pack, and battery housing also have the aforementioned technical effects of the explosion-proof valve. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of an explosion-proof valve in one embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the explosion-proof valve in the closed position shown.

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the explosion-proof valve in direction A;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Front view of the middle cylinder and piston assembly from one side of the cover;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the explosion-proof valve shown;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the relative positions of the piston and the cylinder when the explosion-proof valve is in the open position.

[0031] in, Figures 1 to 6 The one-to-one correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in the attached drawings is as follows:

[0032] 1-Valve body; 1A-First opening; 11-Annular body; 11A-Fluid passage; 112-Mounting through hole; 12-Sleeve; 14-Rib;

[0033] 2-Cover; 3-Piston component; 31-Piston body; 32-Connecting arm; 33-Support leg; 34-Spring mounting seat; 35-Slide groove; 4-Cylinder body; 41-Boss; 42-Radial through hole; 43-Slider; 44-Second opening; 5-Second elastic component; 6-Protective cylinder; 61-Open structure; 7-Sealing ring; 8-Elastic body; 9-First elastic component; 10-Locking component. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 , Figure 1 This is an exploded view of an explosion-proof valve in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the explosion-proof valve in the closed position shown. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the explosion-proof valve in direction A; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Front view of the middle cylinder and piston assembly from one side of the cover; Figure 5 for Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the explosion-proof valve shown; Figure 6 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the relative positions of the piston 3 and the cylinder 4 when the explosion-proof valve is in the open position.

[0035] This application provides a battery pack that can be used in electrical devices such as vehicles, electric toys, power tools, ships, and spacecraft. For example, spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft. The battery pack primarily provides electrical energy to vehicles and other electrical devices. This application uses the application of the battery pack in a vehicle as an example to further describe the technical solution and its effects.

[0036] In this embodiment, the vehicle can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. The vehicle includes a body, and a battery pack is mounted on the body. The battery pack can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle. The battery pack can be used to power the vehicle; for example, it can serve as the vehicle's operating power source. In some embodiments of this application, the battery pack can not only serve as the vehicle's operating power source but also as its driving power source, replacing or partially replacing gasoline or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.

[0037] In this embodiment, the battery pack includes a battery housing, which includes a main body and several battery cells located inside the main body. A battery cell is the smallest unit that makes up a battery pack or battery assembly. The battery cells are stacked along a first direction X to form a cell group. A cell group typically contains several cells, such as two or more. The specific number of cells depends on the specific product; however, it is not excluded that in some embodiments, a cell group may include only one cell. The first direction X is the direction in which the cells are stacked within the cell group. The battery housing may contain one cell group, or at least two cell groups arranged along a second direction Y. The cells can be assembled into cell groups first, and then the entire cell group is installed inside the battery housing, with each cell group forming a battery pack. Alternatively, the cells can be installed one by one inside the battery housing to directly form a battery pack. Although the specific structure of the battery pack is not shown in the figures, it does not hinder those skilled in the art from understanding the above description.

[0038] In this embodiment, the battery cell includes components such as a housing and electrode rolls. The housing has an inner cavity, and the electrode rolls are located inside the inner cavity, where they are used to store electrical energy. The battery cells are connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel via busbars to form a power supply. Typically, to improve the safety of the battery cells, a cell explosion-proof valve is installed on the battery cell housing. The specific structure of the cell explosion-proof valve is not described in detail here; please refer to current technology. When the internal pressure of the battery cell housing exceeds a predetermined pressure threshold, the high-temperature fluid medium inside the housing will be sprayed from the cell explosion-proof valve into the battery casing, ensuring the safety of the battery cell.

[0039] When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature fluid inside is ejected into the battery casing, inevitably increasing the internal pressure. To prevent explosions caused by excessive internal pressure, an explosion-proof valve is installed on the casing. This valve can be mounted on the side wall of the casing, and its internal space is connected to the internal space of the casing. When the internal pressure of the casing exceeds a predetermined value, the explosion-proof valve opens, connecting the internal space of the casing to the external environment, allowing the fluid medium inside the casing to be ejected to the outside. This application's embodiment is an improvement on the explosion-proof valve structure installed on the battery casing.

[0040] In this embodiment, the explosion-proof valve includes a valve body 1, a cover 2, a cylinder 4, a piston 3, and a locking element 10. The explosion-proof valve can be made of metal or a high-temperature resistant polymer material, such as polyvinylidene fluoride or fluoroplastics. In this embodiment, the valve body 1 has a first opening 1A. The valve body 1 includes an annular body 11 with a hollow cavity. The first opening 1A is located at one end of the annular body 11. A fixing structure is provided on the outer wall of the annular body 11 for fixed connection with the housing body. The fixing structure can be fitted with a through hole 112, such as... Figure 1As shown, bolts or screws pass through the mounting holes to secure the main body of the box. Of course, the fixing structure can also be other forms, such as a welded structure.

[0041] To improve the sealing performance of the connection between the valve body 1 and the housing body, a sealing ring 7 can be provided on the surface of the valve body 1 facing the housing body.

[0042] In this embodiment, the cover 2 can be fitted onto the first opening 1A of the valve body 1. The cover 2 is capable of fitting onto the first opening 1A, meaning it can be installed in conjunction with the valve body 1 to close the first opening 1A on the valve body 1. In this application, the locking member 10 locks the cover 2 and the valve body 1 so that the cover 2 is locked in the position fitting onto the first opening 1A; that is, the locking member 10 can lock the cover 2 in the position fitting onto the first opening 1A.

[0043] In this embodiment, the cylinder 4 is fixed to the valve body 1 or the cover 2. (See attached document.) Figure 1 The cylinder 4 is fixed to the cover 2. The piston 3 is located inside the cylinder 4 and can cooperate with the cylinder 4 circumferentially. When the piston 3 moves to the first position, the piston 3 drives the locking member 10 to unlock the cover 2 and the valve body 1.

[0044] In this embodiment, under normal conditions, the cover 2 can be locked to the valve body 1 by the locking member 10, so that the cover 2 covers the opening position of the valve body 1. In this way, even if the battery pack is in a state of negative pressure due to water immersion, the explosion-proof valve will still be closed, that is, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery pack alone cannot drive the explosion-proof valve to open. When thermal runaway occurs, the piston 3 can be electrically controlled or controlled by other means to move to the first position. The piston 3 can drive the locking member 10 to unlock the cover 2 and the valve body 1. In this way, the cover 2 can open the first opening 1A under the push of high-speed airflow, and the fluid inside the battery box can flow out from the first opening 1A, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the battery box.

[0045] In this embodiment, under normal conditions, the cover 2 is locked to the position of the first opening 1A. Only when the piston 3 moves to the first position to open the locking member can the cover 2 move relative to the valve body 1 to open the first opening 1A. This reduces the probability of abnormal opening of the explosion-proof valve.

[0046] In this embodiment, the movement of the piston 3 can be achieved by electric or hydraulic drive. For example, by measuring signals such as pressure or temperature inside the battery box, the piston 3 can be electrically driven to move to the first position. Alternatively, the piston 3 can be driven to the first position by airflow inside the battery box. This application provides a specific embodiment in which the piston 3 is driven to the first position by airflow inside the battery box. The first position mentioned in this embodiment refers to the position of the piston 3 when the explosion-proof valve leaves the factory, or in other words, the position of the piston 3 when the cover 2 is closed on the first opening 1A.

[0047] In this embodiment, the explosion-proof valve further includes a first elastic component 9, used to provide damping force for the piston 3 to move axially to a first position. The first elastic component 9 can be a spring or other components that can provide damping, such as silicone or rubber. The magnitude of the damping force can be reasonably set according to the opening requirements of the explosion-proof valve. The first elastic component 9 is located between the cover 2 and the piston 3. The first elastic component 9 can be press-fitted between the cover 2 and the piston 3. Of course, under normal conditions, the first elastic component 9 can also be in a naturally extended state. The cylinder 4 has a second opening 44 on the side away from the cover 2, for example, the end of the cylinder 4 away from the cover 2 is an open opening 45.

[0048] When thermal runaway occurs, the high-speed fluid inside the battery box will impact the piston 3 from the second opening 44 side of the cylinder 4. The piston 3 will overcome the force of the first elastic component 9 and move towards the cover 2 when it receives the impact of the high-speed fluid. When the piston 3 moves to the first position, the piston 3 pushes the locking component to act, and the cover 2 and valve body 1 are unlocked. The fluid inside the battery box can then push the cover 2 away from the first opening 1A, and the explosion-proof valve is opened to relieve the pressure of the battery box.

[0049] In this embodiment, the cylinder 4, while cooperating with the piston 3 to unlock the cover 2 and the valve body 1, can also guide the movement of the cover 2.

[0050] In this embodiment, one end of the cylinder 4 is fixed to the cover 2. The valve body 1 has a guide hole, and a sleeve 12 can be installed inside the valve body 1. The sleeve 12 is connected to the annular body 11 through ribs 14, and a fluid channel 11A is formed between adjacent ribs 14. This structure forming the guide hole is simple. The locking member 10 is used to lock the cylinder 4 and the wall surrounding the guide hole. That is, the locking member 10 axially limits the connection between the cylinder 4 and the wall surrounding the guide hole. The so-called axial limiting connection means that the cylinder 4 and the wall surrounding the guide hole cannot move relative to each other along the axial direction. In this way, the locking member directly locks the cylinder 4 and the valve body 1 without the need for other components to assist in the installation of the locking member, and the structure is relatively simple. After the piston 3 moves to the first position to unlock the locking member 10, the cylinder 4 and the piston 3 will open together with the cover 2. At this time, the cylinder 4 moves along the guide hole, and the guide hole plays a role in axially guiding the movement of the cylinder 4 and the cover 2, and the opening stability of the cover 2 is relatively high.

[0051] In this embodiment, the peripheral wall of the cylinder 4 has a radial through hole 42. One end of the locking member 10 is connected to the valve body 1, and at least part of it can be elastically inserted into the radial through hole 42. The locking member 10 can be a pin or an arc-shaped protrusion structure. The locking member 10 can be connected to the valve body 1 through an elastic element, so that the locking member can move radially. The elastic element can be a spring or an elastic band. The elastic band occupies less space, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the explosion-proof valve structure.

[0052] In this embodiment, the piston component 3 includes a piston body 31 and a support leg 33 connected to the piston body 31. The piston body 31 slides circumferentially in a sealed manner with the cylinder 4. The support leg 33 extends away from the central axis of the cylinder 4. When the piston component moves to the first position, the support leg 33 pushes the locking component 10 to move radially so that the locking component disengages from the radial through hole 42.

[0053] In the above embodiments, the locking member 10 and the piston member 3 are both set in a relatively simple manner. When the piston body 31 moves to the first position, the support leg 33 is inserted into the radial through hole 42 to push the locking member out of the radial through hole 42, which can realize the quick unlocking of the locking member and the high sensitivity of the action.

[0054] In this embodiment, an elastic body 8 is also included. The elastic body 8 is fitted onto the outer periphery of the guide hole. As mentioned above, the elastic body can be an elastic band. There are at least two locking members 10, and all locking members 10 are mounted on the elastic body 8. Correspondingly, the cylinder 4 is provided with radial through holes 42 corresponding to the locking members 10, and the piston 3 is provided with support legs 33 corresponding to the locking members 10. Each locking member 10 passes through the periphery of the guide hole and engages with the radial through hole 42. Figure 2 An example is shown where there are two locking elements 10, and two radial through holes 42 and two legs 33.

[0055] Such an elastic band can provide radial elastic connection force to all locking components, realizing the connection between all locking components and valve body 1, resulting in a compact explosion-proof valve structure.

[0056] In this embodiment, a connecting arm 32 is connected to a partial position on the end face of the piston body 31. The connecting arm 32 extends axially and can elastically rotate around its connection position with the piston body 31. A support leg 33 is disposed at the end of the connecting arm 32 away from the piston body 31.

[0057] In this embodiment, one of the piston body 31 and the inner wall of the guide hole is provided with a slider 43, and the other is provided with a groove that mates with the slider 43 to guide the axial movement of the piston body 31. The figure shows an embodiment where the piston body 31 has a groove 35 and the inner wall of the guide hole has a slider 43 extending axially. This improves the reliability of the axial movement of the piston body 31 and avoids movement jamming. Of course, the piston body 31 can also have a slider 43 (partially protruding) and a groove (recess) on the inner wall of the guide hole to achieve the same technical effect.

[0058] To improve the installation stability of the first elastic component 9, a spring mounting seat 34 can also be provided on the piston body 31.

[0059] In this embodiment, the explosion-proof valve further includes a second elastic component 5. The second elastic component 5 can be a spring, or it can be a component that can provide elastic force, such as rubber or silicone. The end of the cylinder 4 away from the cover 2 has a boss 41, and the second elastic component 5 is pressed between the boss 41 and the valve body 1. The second elastic component 5 can provide damping force for the movement of the cylinder 4, which is beneficial for the stable opening of the cover 2.

[0060] In this embodiment, the cover 2 can be axially away from the valve body 1, and the fluid medium can also be sprayed out circumferentially between the cover 2 and the valve body 1.

[0061] To protect components such as the second elastic component 5, the explosion-proof valve also includes a protective cylinder 6. One end of the protective cylinder 6 is fixed to the valve body, and the other end is an open structure 61. The protective cylinder 6 and the cylinder body 4 can be coaxially arranged.

[0062] For other structural details regarding the vehicle, battery pack, and battery housing, please refer to current technology; this application will not elaborate further.

[0063] The vehicle, battery pack, and battery housing of this application all include the aforementioned explosion-proof valve, and therefore the vehicle, battery pack, and battery housing also have the aforementioned technical effects of the explosion-proof valve.

[0064] In the description of embodiments of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0065] In the embodiments of this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "several" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0066] In the embodiments of this application, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0067] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof valve for a battery box, characterized in that, include: Valve body (1), the valve body (1) has a first opening (1A), and the interior of the valve body (1) has a fluid passage (11A) connected to the first opening (1A). Cover (2), which covers the first opening (1A); Locking element (10) locks the cover (2) and the valve body (1) so that the cover (2) is in a position that closes to the first opening (1A); The cylinder (4) and piston (3) are fixed to the valve body (1) or the cover (2). The piston (3) is located inside the cylinder. When the piston (3) moves to the first position, the piston (3) drives the locking member (10) to unlock the cover (2) and the valve body (1).

2. The explosion-proof valve for the battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the cylinder (4) is fixed to the cover (2), the valve body (1) has a guide hole, and the locking member (10) is axially limited to connect the cylinder and the hole wall surrounding the guide hole.

3. The explosion-proof valve for the battery box according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cylindrical body has a radial through hole (42) on its peripheral wall. One end of the locking member (10) is connected to the valve body (1). The locking member (10) can at least partially be elastically inserted into the radial through hole (42) in a radial direction. The piston component (3) includes a piston body (31) and a support leg (33) connected to the piston body (31). The support leg (33) extends away from the central axis of the cylinder (4). When the piston component (3) moves to the first position, the support leg (33) pushes the locking member (10) to move radially so that the locking member (10) disengages from the radial through hole (42).

4. The explosion-proof valve for the battery box according to claim 3, characterized in that, The explosion-proof valve also includes an elastomer (8), which is fitted onto the outer periphery of the guide hole. The number of locking elements (10) is at least two. The cylinder is provided with radial through holes (42) corresponding to the locking elements (10). The piston (3) is provided with support legs (33) corresponding to the locking elements (10). All the locking elements (10) are installed on the elastomer (8), and each locking element (10) passes through the periphery of the guide hole and is inserted into the radial through hole (42).

5. The explosion-proof valve for the battery box according to claim 3, characterized in that, A connecting arm (32) is connected to a partial position on the end face of the piston body (31). The connecting arm (32) extends axially and can elastically rotate about the connection position between it and the piston body (31). The support leg (33) is located at the end of the connecting arm (32) away from the piston body (31).

6. The explosion-proof valve for the battery box according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The explosion-proof valve also includes a first elastic component (9), which is press-fitted between the cover (2) and the piston (3), and the cylinder (4) has a second opening on the side away from the cover (2).

7. The explosion-proof valve for the battery box according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, One of the piston body (31) and the inner wall of the guide hole is provided with a slider, and the other is provided with a groove that cooperates with the slider to guide the axial movement of the piston body (31).

8. The explosion-proof valve for the battery box according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The explosion-proof valve also includes a second elastic component (5), and the end of the cylinder (4) away from the cover (2) has a boss (41), and the second elastic component (5) is pressed between the boss (41) and the valve body (1).

9. A battery housing, characterized in that, It includes a housing body and an explosion-proof valve as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the explosion-proof valve is installed on the housing body.

10. A battery pack, characterized in that, It includes the battery housing and battery cell as described in claim 9, wherein the battery cell is located inside the housing body.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a vehicle body and the battery pack of claim 10, wherein the battery pack is mounted on the vehicle body.

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