Sensor device for wind turbine blade

Abstract

A vibration sensor device for a wind power blade belongs to the technical field of wind power blade sensors and comprises a digital accelerometer, a WIFI module, a low-power-consumption microcontroller, a built-in rechargeable battery and a low-current charging circuit which are arranged in an internal cavity of the wind power blade. The defects that the construction wiring workload is large due to a traditional wired installation mode, fixed wiring is prone to being pulled, abraded and broken, hidden dangers of poor contact of connectors are many, troubleshooting is difficult, and sensors, cables and collection equipment are damaged due to lightning stroke are effectively overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of sensor technology for wind turbine blades, and specifically relates to a sensor device for wind turbine blades. Background Technology

[0002] As disclosed in patent publication number "CN205172819U", the wind turbine blade is the core component of a wind turbine generator, responsible for absorbing wind energy and driving the motor to generate electricity. Wind turbine blades operate at high altitudes and in all weather conditions, bearing heavy loads and operating in harsh environments, including wind, sun, rain, lightning strikes, and corrosion. They are constantly subjected to various media that erode or affect them, inevitably leading to defects and damage that significantly impacts their performance and lifespan. Wind turbine blade failures can range from minor issues like turbine shutdown and reduced power generation to more serious accidents like blade breakage and tower collapse. Therefore, an increasing number of wind turbines are now equipped with online blade monitoring systems, with vibration sensors being the most commonly used.

[0003] Currently, vibration sensors for wind turbine blades all draw power from the hub via wired connections. The wiring from the blade to the hub is typically 20-40 meters long, requiring drilling in the bottom cover plate when exiting from inside the blade cavity. There are no dedicated cable channels inside the hub; cables are secured using adhesive or cable ties. The hub and blades are connected by pitch bearings. Under different operating conditions, the blades frequently perform pitch opening and closing movements, inevitably straining the secured wiring, making it prone to wear and breakage. Designing the sensor cable as a single continuous piece results in a large workload for replacement during after-sales maintenance; designing it as a multi-segment connection leads to numerous joints, increasing the risk of poor contact during operation and making troubleshooting difficult.

[0004] Wind turbine blades operate at high altitudes and are extremely vulnerable to lightning strikes during the rainy season. When a blade is struck by lightning, the long cables connect the high-voltage area of ​​the blade to the low-voltage area at the hub. The significant voltage difference causes some of the lightning current, which should have flowed through the blade's down conductors, to be released through the cables of the blade monitoring equipment, resulting in damage to sensors, cables, and data acquisition devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this utility model provides a sensor device for wind turbine blades, comprising a digital accelerometer, a WIFI module, a low-power microcontroller, a built-in rechargeable battery, and a low-current charging circuit, all housed within the internal cavity of the wind turbine blade. This effectively avoids the drawbacks of fixed wiring, easy cable wear and breakage, the large workload of replacing the entire cable during after-sales maintenance, numerous potential problems with poor contact at the timing connectors, difficulties in troubleshooting, and damage to sensors, cables, and data acquisition equipment caused by lightning strikes.

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model provides a solution for a sensor device for wind turbine blades, as detailed below:

[0007] A sensor device for wind turbine blades, comprising:

[0008] The digital accelerometer, WIFI module, low-power microcontroller, built-in rechargeable battery, and low-current charging circuit are located inside the internal cavity of the wind turbine blade.

[0009] The digital accelerometer is connected to the microcontroller and is used to read vibration signals from the digital accelerometer when the microcontroller is in vibration acquisition mode.

[0010] The WIFI module is connected to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is used to transmit vibration signals through the WIFI module to a monitoring terminal in the WLAN.

[0011] The low-current charging circuit is electrically connected to the built-in rechargeable battery, which is electrically connected to the digital accelerometer, WIFI module, and low-power microcontroller. The built-in rechargeable battery is used to power the digital accelerometer, WIFI module, and low-power microcontroller.

[0012] Furthermore, the low-current charging circuit is electrically connected to the micro-generator. A plastic tube is installed inside the wind turbine blade. A permanent magnet is installed in the cavity inside the plastic tube. Two springs are connected to the two sides of the permanent magnet. A plug and a coil are respectively installed on both sides of the plastic tube. The two coils are electrically connected to the two input terminals of the bridge rectifier circuit. The two output terminals of the bridge rectifier circuit are electrically connected to the two poles of the supercapacitor. The output terminal of the supercapacitor is electrically connected to the low-current charging circuit.

[0013] Furthermore, the low-current charging circuit includes a gas discharge tube G2, a resistor R1, a varistor M7, a surge diode D4, an anti-reverse current diode D7, a Zener diode D5, a capacitor C10, a resistor R4, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C24, a battery protection chip U2, a dual MOS power transistor U8, and a resistor R18.

[0014] The output terminal of the supercapacitor, one end of resistor R1, and one end of the gas discharge tube G2 are electrically connected. The other end of the gas discharge tube G2 is grounded. The other end of resistor R1 and one end of inductor L2 are electrically connected to one end of varistor M7. The other end of varistor M7 is grounded. The other end of inductor L2, the negative terminal of surge diode D4, and the positive terminal of anti-reverse current diode D7 are electrically connected. The negative terminal of anti-reverse current diode D7, the negative terminal of Zener diode D5, one terminal of capacitor C10, one end of resistor R4, and one terminal of capacitor C11 are electrically connected to the positive terminal of the built-in rechargeable battery BT1. The positive terminal of Zener diode D5 and the other terminal of capacitor C11 are electrically connected to capacitor BT1. The other terminal of C10 is grounded. The other end of resistor R4 and one terminal of capacitor C24 are electrically connected to pin 5 of battery protection chip U2. The negative terminal of built-in rechargeable battery BT1, the other terminal of capacitor C24, pin 6 of battery protection chip U2, and pin 7 of dual MOS power transistor U8 are electrically connected. Pins 8 and 1 of dual MOS power transistor U8 are electrically connected. Pins 2 and 3 of dual MOS power transistor U8 are grounded. Pin 4 of dual MOS power transistor U8 is electrically connected to pin 5 of battery protection chip U2. Pin 4 of dual MOS power transistor U8 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18 is grounded.

[0015] Furthermore, the low-current charging circuit also includes a fuse F2 and a resistor R2;

[0016] One end of fuse F2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the built-in rechargeable battery BT1, and the other end of fuse F2 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R2.

[0017] Furthermore, the positive terminal of the built-in rechargeable battery BT1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor 5 R24, and the other end of resistor 5 R24 is electrically connected to one end of resistor 6 R25. The other end of resistor 6 R25 serves as the power source 1 Vbat.

[0018] Furthermore, power supply Vbat is electrically connected to one end of resistor 7 R5, the other end of resistor 7 R5, one end of resistor 8 R8, and one terminal of capacitor 4 C25 are electrically connected to pin 21 of microcontroller U11, and the other end of resistor 8 R8 and the other terminal of capacitor 4 C25 are both grounded.

[0019] Furthermore, power supply Vbat, one terminal of capacitor C17, and pin 3 of regulator U6 are electrically connected. Pin 1 of regulator U6 is grounded. Pin 2 of regulator U6, one terminal of capacitor C16 (which serves as voltage source VCC), one terminal of capacitor C22, and one terminal of capacitor C23 are electrically connected. The other terminals of capacitor C16, C22, and C23 are grounded.

[0020] Furthermore, pin 20 of microcontroller U11 is electrically connected to one end of resistor 9R19. The other end of resistor 9R19, one end of resistor 10R21, and one end of resistor 11R20 are electrically connected to the base of transistor Q2. The other end of resistor 10R21 is electrically connected to power supply 1Vbat. The other end of resistor 11R20 is grounded. The emitter of transistor Q2 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q2 and the gate of MOSFET Q1 are electrically connected to one end of resistor 12R22. The other end of resistor 12R22 is electrically connected to the drain of MOSFET Q1. The source of MOSFET Q1, one terminal of capacitor 9C7, and one terminal of capacitor 10C4 are electrically connected to pin 3 of voltage regulator 2U13. The other terminal of capacitor 9C7 is grounded. Pin 1 of voltage regulator 2U13 is grounded. Pin 2 of voltage regulator 2U13, which serves as power supply 3VCC2, one terminal of capacitor 11C5, and one terminal of capacitor 12C6 are electrically connected. The other terminals of capacitor 11C5 and capacitor 12C6 are grounded.

[0021] Furthermore, pin 1 of WIFI module U9 is electrically connected to one end of resistor 13R31, the other end of resistor 13R31 and pin 3 of WIFI module U9 are electrically connected to pin 24 of microcontroller U11, power supply VCC2 and pin 8 of WIFI module U9 are electrically connected to one terminal of capacitor 13C12, the other terminal of capacitor 13C12 is grounded, pin 23 of WIFI module U9 is grounded, pins 15 and 16 of WIFI module U9 are electrically connected to pins 16 and 17 of microcontroller U11 respectively, and pins 9 and 23 of WIFI module U9 are both grounded.

[0022] Furthermore, pin 5 of the electrostatic discharge protection chip U3 is electrically connected to power supply VCC2, pin 6 and pin 4 of the electrostatic discharge protection chip U3 are electrically connected to pin 16 and pin 17 of microcontroller U11 respectively, pin 2 of the electrostatic discharge protection chip U3 is grounded, and pin 3 of the electrostatic discharge protection chip U3 is electrically connected to pin 24 of microcontroller U11.

[0023] Furthermore, the power supply VCC, pin 14, pin 32, pin 19, pin 1, and pin 48 of microcontroller U11 are electrically connected. Pin 3 of microcontroller U11 is electrically connected to pin 3 of external crystal oscillator U14. Pin 2 of external crystal oscillator U14 is grounded. Pin 1 and pin 4 of external crystal oscillator U14, the power supply VCC, and one terminal of capacitor C52 are electrically connected. The other terminal of capacitor C52 is grounded.

[0024] Furthermore, one end of the reed switch S1 is grounded, and the other end of the reed switch S1 is electrically connected to pin 26 of the microcontroller U11.

[0025] Furthermore, the temperature sensor U5 located inside the internal cavity of the wind turbine blade has its pin 2 grounded, and its pins 1, 5, and 4 are electrically connected to pin 14 of the microcontroller U11. The temperature sensor U5's pin 13 and one pole of capacitor C28 are electrically connected to pin 15 of the microcontroller U11.

[0026] Furthermore, pin 1 of timer U1 is electrically connected to power supply VCC, pin 2 of timer U1 is grounded, pin 3 of timer U1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R28, the other end of resistor R28 is grounded, pin 6 and pin 4 of timer U1 are electrically connected to pin 7 and pin 8 of microcontroller U11 respectively, and pin 4 of timer U1 is also electrically connected to one end of resistor R29, the other end of resistor R29 is grounded.

[0027] Furthermore, pin 8 and pin 5 of digital accelerometer U12, and one terminal of capacitor C26 are electrically connected to power supply VCC, while the other terminal of capacitor C26 is grounded. Pins 2, 3, 6, and 7 of digital accelerometer U12 are all grounded. Pin 1 of digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected to pin 58 of microcontroller U11, pin 14 of digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected to pin 59 of microcontroller U11, pin 13 of digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected to pin 61 of microcontroller U11, and pin 13 of digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected to pin 63 of microcontroller U11.

[0028] Furthermore, pin 1 of SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected to pin 54 of microcontroller U11, pin 2 of SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected to pin 56 of microcontroller U11, pin 4 of SRAM memory U56 is grounded, pin 5 of SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected to pin 57 of microcontroller U11, pin 6 of SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected to pin 55 of microcontroller U11, pin 8 of SRAM memory U56, power supply VCC 2 is electrically connected to one terminal of capacitor C27 17, and the other terminal of capacitor C27 17 is grounded.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0030] This invention effectively avoids the drawbacks of fixed wiring, easy wear and tear of cables, breakage, large workload of replacing the entire cable during after-sales maintenance, many hidden dangers of poor contact of the timing connector, difficulty in troubleshooting, and damage to sensors, cables and data acquisition equipment caused by lightning strikes. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the micro-generator described in this utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a partial circuit diagram of the low-current charging circuit of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the built-in rechargeable battery of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the power supply of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the power supply of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the power supply of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the WIFI module of this utility model;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the power supply of this utility model;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the microcontroller of this utility model;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the reed switch of this utility model;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the temperature sensor of this utility model;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the timer of this utility model;

[0043] Figure 13 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the digital accelerometer of this utility model;

[0044] Figure 14 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the SRAM memory of this utility model;

[0045] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor device for wind turbine blades according to this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0046] Wind turbine blades typically rotate at 8-18 rpm during operation. A micro-generator can be developed by utilizing the changing potential energy of the blades during rotation, yielding a small power output of approximately 20mW. Therefore, this invention incorporates a low-power vibration sensor and a micro-generator specifically designed for wind turbine blades, both installed within the blade cavity. This reduces the cumbersome process of harvesting power from the hub and avoids the risk of lightning strikes across long power lines.

[0047] On the other hand, the technical challenges in developing low-power vibration sensors for wind turbine blades are as follows:

[0048] Wind turbine blades rotate during operation, and sensors are installed inside the blade's internal cavity. The data they collect must be transmitted to a server at the substation via a wind farm local area network (LAN) located in the nacelle. Communication between the wind turbine blades and the nacelle can only be achieved via a wireless LAN. However, the Wi-Fi module requires several hundred mA to start, while the micro-generator only generates a few mA of weak current under normal conditions. Therefore, how to provide power to the Wi-Fi module reliably is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.

[0049] As market demands for wind turbines increase in single-unit power and require higher power generation efficiency, the swept area of ​​new wind turbines is growing, and the length of wind turbine blades is constantly increasing, some even exceeding 100 meters. With blades of such length, the traditional monitoring scheme of one accelerometer per blade is no longer sufficient for sensitively capturing blade faults or clearly locating the faults. Installing two or even three vibration sensors on a single wind turbine blade is a practical requirement. A key issue that needs to be addressed is whether a single microgenerator can simultaneously provide the power needed to operate two to three vibration sensors on the wind turbine blades.

[0050] Vibration sensors for wind turbine blades are installed inside the blade's internal cavity to measure vibration and temperature information online. Their installation locations are characterized by rugged terrain, high-altitude operations, and confined spaces; wind farms have strict safety management regulations, prohibiting construction during high winds. Because the blades must be locked in a horizontal position before access for work, it's difficult to wait until the blades are perfectly level during low winds. Therefore, the installation and maintenance of vibration sensors for wind turbine blades is very labor-intensive, requiring reliable operation and maintenance-free operation.

[0051] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0052] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the sensor device for wind turbine blades according to this utility model includes:

[0053] The digital accelerometer, WIFI module, low-power microcontroller, built-in rechargeable battery, and low-current charging circuit are located inside the internal cavity of the wind turbine blade.

[0054] The digital accelerometer is connected to the microcontroller and is used to read vibration signals from the digital accelerometer when the microcontroller is in vibration acquisition mode, and the microcontroller processes the vibration signals.

[0055] The WIFI module is connected to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is used to transmit vibration signals through the WIFI module to a monitoring terminal in the WLAN (the monitoring terminal can be a smartphone or server in the WLAN).

[0056] The low-current charging circuit is electrically connected to the built-in rechargeable battery, which is electrically connected to the digital accelerometer, WIFI module, and low-power microcontroller. The built-in rechargeable battery is used to power the digital accelerometer, WIFI module, and low-power microcontroller.

[0057] The low-current charging circuit, after implementing lightning strike and electrostatic discharge protection measures, charges the built-in rechargeable battery with an externally input 5-10mA, 5-10V current. The circuit also protects the built-in rechargeable battery. Most of the time, the digital accelerometer is in sleep mode. When a preset time interval is reached, the digital accelerometer is awakened to collect vibration signals. Multiple independent digital accelerometers can be awakened simultaneously within a 1-second error to synchronously collect vibration signals.

[0058] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, the low-current charging circuit is electrically connected to the micro-generator. A plastic tube is installed inside the wind turbine blade. A permanent magnet 1 is located in the internal cavity of the plastic tube 4. Two springs 2 are connected to the two sides of the permanent magnet 1. A plug 5 and a coil 3 are respectively provided on both sides of the plastic tube 4. The two coils 3 are electrically connected to the two input terminals of the bridge rectifier circuit. The two output terminals of the bridge rectifier circuit are electrically connected to the two poles of the supercapacitor. The output terminal of the supercapacitor is electrically connected to the low-current charging circuit.

[0059] As the wind turbine blades rotate, permanent magnets fall rapidly from a height, and their kinetic energy is converted into alternating current by coils at the bottom. Then, the direct current is stored in a supercapacitor through a bridge rectifier circuit.

[0060] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, the low-current charging circuit includes a gas discharge tube G2, a resistor R1, a varistor M7, a surge diode D4, an anti-reverse current diode D7, a Zener diode D5, a capacitor C10, a resistor R4, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C24, a battery protection chip U2, a dual MOS power transistor U8, and a resistor R18.

[0061] The output terminal of the supercapacitor, one end of resistor R1, and one end of the gas discharge tube G2 are electrically connected. The other end of the gas discharge tube G2 is grounded. Resistor R1 is a surface-mount wire-wound resistor. The other end of resistor R1 and one end of inductor L2 are electrically connected to one end of varistor M7. The other end of varistor M7 is grounded. Inductor L2 is used for protection against electric shock. The other end of inductor L2, the negative terminal of surge diode D4, and the positive terminal of anti-reverse current diode D7 are electrically connected. The positive terminal of surge diode D4 is grounded. The negative terminal of anti-reverse current diode D7, the negative terminal of Zener diode D5, one terminal of capacitor C10, one end of resistor R4, and one terminal of capacitor C11 are electrically connected to the positive terminal of the built-in rechargeable battery BT1. Zener diode D5... The positive terminal of pin 5, the other terminal of capacitor C11, and the other terminal of capacitor C10 are grounded. The other end of resistor R4 and one terminal of capacitor C24 are electrically connected to pin 5 of battery protection chip U2. The negative terminal of built-in rechargeable battery BT1, the other terminal of capacitor C24, pin 6 of battery protection chip U2, and pin 7 of dual MOS power transistor U8 are electrically connected. Pins 8 and 1 of dual MOS power transistor U8 are electrically connected. Pins 2 and 3 of dual MOS power transistor U8 are grounded. Pin 4 of dual MOS power transistor U8 is electrically connected to pin 5 of battery protection chip U2. Pin 4 of dual MOS power transistor U8 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18 is grounded.

[0062] By using gas discharge tube G2, resistor R1, varistor M7, surge diode D4, anti-reverse current diode D7, Zener diode D5, capacitor C10, resistor R4, capacitor C11, and capacitor C24, the electrical energy output from the supercapacitor of the micro-energy generator can be used to charge the built-in rechargeable battery, thereby achieving the purpose of charging the built-in rechargeable battery. It also forms a reverse connection protection circuit and a lightning protection circuit for the built-in rechargeable battery, providing protection against reverse connection and lightning. Battery protection chip U2, dual MOS power transistor U8, and resistor R18 together provide protection for the built-in rechargeable battery.

[0063] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, the low-current charging circuit further includes a fuse F2 and a resistor R2.

[0064] One end of fuse F2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the built-in rechargeable battery BT1, and the other end of fuse F2 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R2. Resistor R2 is a surface mount resistor.

[0065] By using fuse F2 and resistor R2, the built-in rechargeable battery can be protected against lightning strikes.

[0066] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, the positive terminal of the built-in rechargeable battery BT1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor 5 R24, and the other end of resistor 5 R24 is electrically connected to one end of resistor 6 R25. The other end of resistor 6 R25 serves as power supply 1 Vbat.

[0067] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, power supply Vbat is electrically connected to one end of resistor R5, the other end of resistor R5, one end of resistor R8, and one terminal of capacitor C25 are electrically connected to pin 21 of microcontroller U11, and the other end of resistor R8 and the other terminal of capacitor C25 are both grounded.

[0068] The power supply Vbat is electrically connected to one end of resistor R5. The other end of resistor R5, one end of resistor R8, and one terminal of capacitor C25 are electrically connected to pin 21 of microcontroller U11. The other end of resistor R8 and the other terminal of capacitor C25 are both grounded. This means that the signal from power supply Vbat is sent to microcontroller U11 and controlled.

[0069] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, power supply Vbat, one terminal of capacitor C17, and pin 3 of voltage regulator U6 are electrically connected. Pin 1 of voltage regulator U6 is grounded. Pin 2 of voltage regulator U6, one terminal of capacitor C16 (which serves as voltage source VCC), one terminal of capacitor C22, and one terminal of capacitor C23 are electrically connected. The other terminals of capacitor C16, C22, and C23 are grounded.

[0070] The power supply Vbat, one terminal of capacitor C17, and pin 3 of regulator U6 are electrically connected. Pin 1 of regulator U6 is grounded. Pin 2 of regulator U6, one terminal of capacitor C16 (which serves as voltage source VCC), one terminal of capacitor C22, and one terminal of capacitor C23 are electrically connected. The other terminals of capacitor C16, C22, and C23 are grounded. Thus, power supply Vbat outputs power source VCC through regulator U6.

[0071] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, pin 20 of microcontroller U11 is electrically connected to one end of resistor 9R19; the other end of resistor 9R19, one end of resistor 10R21, and one end of resistor 11R20 are electrically connected to the base of transistor Q2; the other end of resistor 10R21 is electrically connected to power supply Vbat; the other end of resistor 11R20 is grounded; the emitter of transistor Q2 is grounded; and the collector of transistor Q2, the gate of MOSFET Q1, and one end of resistor 12R22 are connected to... The resistor R22 is electrically connected to the drain (D) of MOSFET Q1. The source (S) of MOSFET Q1, one terminal of capacitor C7, and one terminal of capacitor C4 are electrically connected to pin 3 of voltage regulator U13. The other terminal of capacitor C7 is grounded. Pin 1 of voltage regulator U13 is grounded. Pin 2 of voltage regulator U13, which serves as power supply VCC2, one terminal of capacitor C5, and one terminal of capacitor C6 are electrically connected. The other terminals of capacitor C5 and C6 are grounded.

[0072] Pin 20 of microcontroller U11 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R19. The other end of resistor R19, one end of resistor R21, and one end of resistor R20 are electrically connected to the base of transistor Q2. The other end of resistor R21 is electrically connected to power supply Vbat. The other end of resistor R20 is grounded. The emitter of transistor Q2 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q2 and the gate of MOSFET Q1 are electrically connected to one end of resistor R22. The other end of resistor R22 is electrically connected to the drain of MOSFET Q1. The source of MOSFET Q1, one terminal of capacitor C7, and one terminal of capacitor C4 are connected to the voltage regulator. Pin 3 of regulator U13 is electrically connected, the other terminal of capacitor C7 is grounded, and pin 1 of regulator U13 is grounded. Pin 2 of regulator U13, which serves as power supply VCC2, is electrically connected to one terminal of capacitor C5 and one terminal of capacitor C6. The other terminals of capacitor C5 and C6 are grounded. Thus, pin 20 of microcontroller U11 can output a high level to turn on the transistor and MOSFET, allowing power supply Vbat to be converted into power supply VCC2 through regulator U13 to power the WIFI module. This allows control over the power supply to the WIFI module, which is beneficial for saving power in the WIFI module.

[0073] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, pin 1 of WIFI module U9 is electrically connected to one end of resistor 13R31, the other end of resistor 13R31 and pin 3 of WIFI module U9 are electrically connected to pin 24 of microcontroller U11, power supply 3VCC2 and pin 8 of WIFI module U9 are electrically connected to one pole of capacitor 13C12, the other pole of capacitor 13C12 is grounded, pin 23 of WIFI module U9 is grounded, pins 15 and 16 of WIFI module U9 are electrically connected to pins 16 and 17 of microcontroller U11 respectively, and pins 9 and 23 of WIFI module U9 are both grounded.

[0074] By electrically connecting pin 1 of WIFI module U9 to one end of resistor R31, and the other end of resistor R31 and pin 3 of WIFI module U9 to pin 24 of microcontroller U11, and by electrically connecting power supply VCC2 and pin 8 of WIFI module U9 to one terminal of capacitor C12, with the other terminal of capacitor C12 grounded, and by grounding pin 23 of WIFI module U9, and by electrically connecting pins 15 and 16 of WIFI module U9 to pins 16 and 17 of microcontroller U11 respectively, and by grounding pins 9 and 23 of WIFI module U9, power supply VCC2 can supply power to WIFI module U9. Furthermore, under the influence of the high-level output from pin 24 of microcontroller U11, WIFI module U9 can be activated to transmit vibration and temperature signals to the monitoring terminal within the WLAN.

[0075] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, pin 5 of the electrostatic discharge protection chip U3 is electrically connected to power supply VCC2, pins 6 and 4 of the electrostatic discharge protection chip U3 are electrically connected to pins 16 and 17 of the microcontroller U11, respectively, pin 2 of the electrostatic discharge protection chip U3 is grounded, and pin 3 of the electrostatic discharge protection chip U3 is electrically connected to pin 24 of the microcontroller U11.

[0076] The electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection chip U3 is electrically connected to power supply VCC2 via pin 5. Pins 6 and 4 of the ESD protection chip U3 are electrically connected to pins 16 and 17 of microcontroller U11, respectively. Pin 2 of the ESD protection chip U3 is grounded, and pin 3 of the ESD protection chip U3 is electrically connected to pin 24 of microcontroller U11. This achieves ESD protection for the WIFI module.

[0077] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, the power supply VCC, pin 14, pin 32, pin 19, pin 1, and pin 48 of the microcontroller U11 are electrically connected, thus providing power to the microcontroller U11. The microcontroller U11 has a large memory, up to 320K, and can process many signals. Pin 3 of the microcontroller U11 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the external crystal oscillator U14. Pin 2 of the external crystal oscillator U14 is grounded. Pin 1 and pin 4 of the external crystal oscillator U14, the power supply VCC, and one terminal of capacitor C52 are electrically connected, while the other terminal of capacitor C52 is grounded.

[0078] Power is supplied to the microcontroller U11 by connecting the power supply VCC, pins 14, 32, 19, 1, and 48 of the microcontroller U11. The microcontroller U11 has a large memory capacity of 320K and can process many signals. Pin 3 of the microcontroller U11 is connected to pin 3 of the external crystal oscillator U14, pin 2 of the external crystal oscillator U14 is grounded, and pins 1 and 4 of the external crystal oscillator U14, the power supply VCC, and one terminal of capacitor C52 (C52 14) are connected to the external crystal oscillator U14. The other terminal of capacitor C52 is grounded. This connection, combined with the RTC clock chip inside the microcontroller U11, enables better timing synchronization.

[0079] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, one end of the reed switch S1 is grounded, and the other end of the reed switch S1 is electrically connected to pin 26 of the microcontroller U11.

[0080] By grounding one end of reed switch S1 and electrically connecting the other end of reed switch S1 to pin 26 of microcontroller U11, a magnet can be used to pass through reed switch S1 to send an activation signal to microcontroller U11. This activates microcontroller U11 from sleep mode so that it can perform tasks that temporarily require collecting sensor signals or controlling WIFI module communication.

[0081] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, the temperature sensor U5 located inside the internal cavity of the wind turbine blade has its pin 2 grounded, and its pins 1, 5, and 4 are electrically connected to pin 14 of the microcontroller U11. The temperature sensor U5's pin 13 and one pole of capacitor C28 are electrically connected to pin 15 of the microcontroller U11.

[0082] By grounding pin 2 of the temperature sensor U5 located inside the internal cavity of the wind turbine blade, and electrically connecting pins 1, 5, and 4 of the temperature sensor U5 to pin 14 of the microcontroller U11, and electrically connecting pin 13 of the temperature sensor U5 and one terminal of capacitor C28 to pin 15 of the microcontroller U11, the temperature signal collected by the temperature sensor U5 can be transmitted to the microcontroller U11.

[0083] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, pin 1 of timer U1 is electrically connected to power supply VCC, pin 2 of timer U1 is grounded, pin 3 of timer U1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R28, the other end of resistor R28 is grounded, pin 6 and pin 4 of timer U1 are electrically connected to pin 7 and pin 8 of microcontroller U11 respectively, and pin 4 of timer U1 is also electrically connected to one end of resistor R29, the other end of resistor R29 is grounded.

[0084] Timer U1 is electrically connected to power supply VCC (pin 2), and grounded. Pin 3 is connected to one end of resistor R28 (pin 14), with the other end grounded. Pins 6 and 4 of Timer U1 are connected to pins 7 and 8 of microcontroller U11, respectively. Pin 4 is also connected to one end of resistor R29 (pin 15), with the other end grounded. This combination of Timer U1 and Timer U1 allows the WIFI module to be started periodically. In case the WIFI module crashes due to lack of communication, Timer U1 sends a reset signal to microcontroller U11 to restart the WIFI module, avoiding tedious manual maintenance.

[0085] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, pin 8 and pin 5 of digital accelerometer U12, and one terminal of capacitor C26 are electrically connected to power supply VCC, while the other terminal of capacitor C26 is grounded. Pins 2, 3, 6, and 7 of digital accelerometer U12 are all grounded. Pin 1 of digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected to pin 58 of microcontroller U11, pin 14 of digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected to pin 59 of microcontroller U11, pin 13 of digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected to pin 61 of microcontroller U11, and pin 13 of digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected to pin 63 of microcontroller U11.

[0086] The digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected to power supply VCC via pins 8 and 5, and one terminal of capacitor C26 (C16). The other terminal of capacitor C26 is grounded. Pins 2, 3, 6, and 7 of the digital accelerometer U12 are all grounded. Pins 1, 14, 13, and 64 of the digital accelerometer U12 are electrically connected to pins 59, 61, and 63 of the microcontroller U11. This allows the digital accelerometer U12 to transmit the vibration signals it collects to the microcontroller U11.

[0087] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of this utility model, pin 1 of the SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected to pin 54 of the microcontroller U11, pin 2 of the SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected to pin 56 of the microcontroller U11, pin 4 of the SRAM memory U56 is grounded, pin 5 of the SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected to pin 57 of the microcontroller U11, pin 6 of the SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected to pin 55 of the microcontroller U11, pin 8 of the SRAM memory U56, power supply VCC 2, is electrically connected to one terminal of capacitor C27 17, and the other terminal of capacitor C27 17 is grounded.

[0088] By electrically connecting pin 1 of SRAM memory U56 to pin 54 of microcontroller U11, pin 2 of SRAM memory U56 to pin 56 of microcontroller U11, pin 4 of SRAM memory U56 to ground, pin 5 of SRAM memory U56 to pin 57 of microcontroller U11, pin 6 of SRAM memory U56 to pin 55 of microcontroller U11, and pin 8 of SRAM memory U56, power supply VCC 2, to one terminal of capacitor C27 17, with the other terminal of capacitor C27 grounded, signals that microcontroller U11 cannot transmit or receive in time can be temporarily stored in SRAM memory U56, ensuring signal retention even during power outages.

[0089] In practical applications, the low-power microcontroller reads vibration signals from the accelerometer and processes these signals. Simultaneously, the low-power microcontroller can turn the accelerometer power on and off to save power. The low-power microcontroller also publishes the vibration data to the network via the Wi-Fi module. Furthermore, the low-power microcontroller can turn the Wi-Fi module power on and off to save power.

[0090] In addition, the micro-generator continuously supplies approximately 5-8mA of power to the digital accelerometer while the blades rotate. This power is stored in an 800mAh lithium battery, which serves as the built-in rechargeable battery, through a battery protection chip (actually a lithium battery power management chip) and dual MOS power transistors. Data acquisition can be performed when the battery voltage is greater than 3.5V, and it enters sleep mode when it is lower than 3.5V. Using an STM32L496RGT6 low-power MCU as the microcontroller, paired with a low-power MEMS accelerometer (digital accelerometer), the power consumption for acceleration signal acquisition is approximately 2mA for 160 seconds. After data acquisition, the signal is transmitted to the monitoring terminal via a WIFI module. Wireless communication consumes 80mA for 10 seconds, after which it enters sleep mode, reducing power consumption by approximately 20µA, waiting for the next acquisition cycle. It is woken up by a timer at regular intervals. For example, if the timed data acquisition interval is set to 5 minutes, the 5-8mA current from one micro-generator can power one blade digital accelerometer; if the timed data acquisition interval is set to 10 minutes, the 5-8mA current from one micro-generator can power two digital accelerometers; and if the timed data acquisition interval is set to 15 minutes, the 5-8mA current from one micro-generator can power three digital accelerometers.

[0091] The microcontroller has a built-in RTC clock chip, which, in conjunction with an external crystal oscillator, allows the system to request the current time and data acquisition interval settings upon startup. For example, if the acquisition interval is 10 minutes, all digital accelerometers will begin acquiring data every 10 minutes based on the synchronized built-in RTC clock. The acquisition time points might be 10:00, 10:10, 10:20, and so on. To ensure time consistency, the RTC clock is synchronized every 6 hours. A built-in timer chip is also included; the microcontroller periodically resets the timer during operation, or the timer resets the microcontroller, ensuring stable and reliable operation of the digital accelerometers and preventing system crashes. As long as the lithium battery has sufficient voltage, the digital accelerometers will operate automatically without manual intervention.

[0092] In summary, it can provide power to the WIFI module normally, and the vibration sensor for wind turbine blades works reliably. It is maintenance-free and allows one micro-generator to simultaneously provide the power required for 2-3 vibration sensors for wind turbine blades. It effectively avoids the drawbacks of fixed wiring, easy wear and breakage of cables, large workload of replacing the entire cable for after-sales maintenance, many hidden dangers of poor contact of the timing connector, difficulty in troubleshooting, and damage to sensors, cables and data acquisition equipment caused by lightning strikes.

[0093] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0094] This invention effectively avoids the drawbacks of fixed wiring, easy wear and tear of cables, breakage, large workload of replacing the entire cable during after-sales maintenance, many hidden dangers of poor contact of the timing connector, difficulty in troubleshooting, and damage to sensors, cables and data acquisition equipment caused by lightning strikes.

[0095] The present invention has been described above by way of example. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Sensor device for a wind power blade, characterized in that The application relates to a wind power blade vibration monitoring system. The digital accelerometer is connected with the microcontroller and used for reading vibration signals from the digital accelerometer when the microcontroller is in vibration collection. The WIFI module is connected with the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is used for transmitting the vibration signals to a monitoring terminal in a WLAN through the WIFI module. The small-current charging circuit is electrically connected with the built-in charging battery, the built-in charging battery is electrically connected with the digital accelerometer, the WIFI module and the low-power microcontroller, and the built-in charging battery is used for supplying power to the digital accelerometer, the WIFI module and the low-power microcontroller. The small-current charging circuit is electrically connected with the micro-energy generator, a plastic pipe is arranged in the wind power blade, a permanent magnet is arranged in the internal cavity of the plastic pipe, the permanent magnet is connected with two springs at two sides, a plug and a coil are arranged at two sides of the plastic pipe, the two coils are electrically connected with two input ends of a bridge rectifier circuit, two output ends of the bridge rectifier circuit are electrically connected with two poles of a super capacitor, and an output end of the super capacitor is electrically connected with the small-current charging circuit.

2. A sensor device for a wind power blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The small-current charging circuit comprises a gas discharge tube G2, a resistor R1, a pressure-sensitive resistor M7, a surge diode D4, an anti-backflow diode D7, a voltage stabilizing diode D5, a capacitor C10, a resistor R4, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C24, a battery protection chip U2, a double-MOS power tube U8 and a resistor R18.

3. A sensor device for a wind power blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, An output end of the super capacitor, one end of the resistor R1 and one end of the gas discharge tube G2 are electrically connected, the other end of the gas discharge tube G2 is grounded, one end of the resistor R1 and one end of an inductor L2 and one end of the pressure-sensitive resistor M7 are electrically connected, the other end of the pressure-sensitive resistor M7 is grounded, the other end of the inductor L2 and the negative pole of the surge diode D4 and the positive pole of the anti-backflow diode D7 are electrically connected, the negative pole of the anti-backflow diode D7, the negative pole of the voltage stabilizing diode D5, one pole of the capacitor C10, one end of the resistor R4 and one pole of the capacitor C11 are electrically connected with the positive pole of the built-in charging battery BT1, the positive pole of the voltage stabilizing diode D5 and the other pole of the capacitor C11 and the other pole of the capacitor C10 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R4 and one pole of the capacitor C24 are electrically connected with the 5-pin of the battery protection chip U2, the negative pole of the built-in charging battery BT1, the other pole of the capacitor C24, the 6-pin of the battery protection chip U2 and the 7-pin of the double-MOS power tube U8 are electrically connected, the 8-pin of the double-MOS power tube U8 and the 1-pin of the double-MOS power tube U8 are electrically connected, the 2-pin of the double-MOS power tube U8 and the 3-pin of the double-MOS power tube U8 are grounded, the 4-pin of the double-MOS power tube U8 is electrically connected with the 5-pin of the battery protection chip U2, the 4-pin of the double-MOS power tube U8 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R18, and the other end of the resistor R18 is grounded. The small-current charging circuit further comprises a fuse F2 and a resistor R2.

4. A sensor device for a wind power blade according to claim 3, characterized in that, ​ One end of the fuse F2 is electrically connected to the positive pole of the built-in rechargeable battery BT1, and the other end of the fuse F2 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor four R2.

5. A sensor device for a wind power blade according to claim 4, characterized in that, The positive pole of the built-in rechargeable battery BT1 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor five R24, the other end of the resistor five R24 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor six R25, and the other end of the resistor six R25 is the power supply one Vbat. The power supply one Vbat is electrically connected to one end of the resistor seven R5, the other end of the resistor seven R5, one end of the resistor eight R8, and one pole of the capacitor four C25 are electrically connected to the 21st pin of the microcontroller U11, and the other end of the resistor eight R8 and the other pole of the capacitor four C25 are grounded.

6. A sensor device for a wind power blade according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power supply one Vbat and one pole of the capacitor five C17 are electrically connected to the 3rd pin of the voltage stabilizer one U6, the 1st pin of the voltage stabilizer one U6 is grounded, the 2nd pin of the voltage stabilizer one U6, one pole of the capacitor six C16, one pole of the capacitor seven C22, and one pole of the capacitor eight C23 are electrically connected, the other pole of the capacitor six C16, the other pole of the capacitor seven C22, and the other pole of the capacitor eight C23 are grounded. The 20th pin of the microcontroller U11 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor nine R19, the other end of the resistor nine R19, one end of the resistor ten R21, and one end of the resistor eleven R20 are electrically connected to the base of the triode Q2, the other end of the resistor ten R21 is electrically connected to the power supply one Vbat, the other end of the resistor eleven R20 is grounded, the emitter of the triode Q2 is grounded, the collector of the triode Q2 and the G pole of the MOS tube Q1 are electrically connected to one end of the resistor twelve R22, the other end of the resistor twelve R22 is electrically connected to the D pole of the MOS tube Q1, the S pole of the MOS tube Q1, one pole of the capacitor nine C7, and one pole of the capacitor ten C4 are electrically connected to the 3rd pin of the voltage stabilizer two U13, the other pole of the capacitor nine C7 is grounded, the 1st pin of the voltage stabilizer two U13 is grounded, the 2nd pin of the voltage stabilizer two U13 which is the power supply three VCC2, one pole of the capacitor eleven C5, and one pole of the capacitor twelve C6 are electrically connected, and the other pole of the capacitor eleven C5 and the other pole of the capacitor twelve C6 are grounded.

7. A sensor device for a wind power blade according to claim 6, characterized in that, The 1st pin of the WIFI module U9 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor thirteen R31, the other end of the resistor thirteen R31 and the 3rd pin of the WIFI module U9 are electrically connected to the 24th pin of the microcontroller U11, the power supply three VCC2 and the 8th pin of the WIFI module U9 are electrically connected to one pole of the capacitor thirteen C12, the other pole of the capacitor thirteen C12 is grounded, the 23rd pin of the WIFI module U9 is grounded, the 15th pin of the WIFI module U9 and the 16th pin of the WIFI module U9 are respectively electrically connected to the 16th pin of the microcontroller U11 and the 17th pin of the microcontroller U11, and the 9th pin of the WIFI module U9 and the 23rd pin of the WIFI module U9 are both grounded. The 5th pin of the electrostatic protection chip U3 is electrically connected to the power supply three VCC2, the 6th pin of the electrostatic protection chip U3 and the 4th pin of the electrostatic protection chip U3 are respectively electrically connected to the 16th pin of the microcontroller U11 and the 17th pin of the microcontroller U11, the 2nd pin of the electrostatic protection chip U3 is grounded, and the 3rd pin of the electrostatic protection chip U3 is electrically connected to the 24th pin of the microcontroller U11.

8. A sensor device for a wind power blade according to claim 7, characterized in that, The 14th pin of the microcontroller U11, the 32nd pin of the microcontroller U11, the 19th pin of the microcontroller U11, the 1st pin of the microcontroller U11 and the 48th pin of the microcontroller U11 are electrically connected, the 3rd pin of the microcontroller U11 is electrically connected with the 3rd pin of the external crystal oscillator U14, the 2nd pin of the external crystal oscillator U14 is grounded, the 1st pin of the external crystal oscillator U14, the 4th pin of the external crystal oscillator U14, the second power supply VCC and one pole of the 14th capacitor C52 are electrically connected, and the other pole of the 14th capacitor C52 is grounded; One end of the dry reed S1 is grounded, and the other end of the dry reed S1 is electrically connected with the 26th pin of the microcontroller U11.

9. A sensor device for a wind power blade according to claim 8, characterized in that, The 2nd pin of the temperature sensor U5 arranged in the internal cavity of the wind power blade is grounded, the 1st pin of the temperature sensor U5, the 5th pin of the temperature sensor U5 and the 4th pin of the temperature sensor U5 are electrically connected with the 14th pin of the microcontroller U11, the 13th pin of the temperature sensor U5 and one pole of the 15th capacitor C28 are electrically connected with the 15th pin of the microcontroller U11; The 1st pin of the timer U1 is electrically connected with the second power supply VCC, the 2nd pin of the timer U1 is grounded, the 3rd pin of the timer U1 is electrically connected with one end of the 14th resistor R28, the other end of the 14th resistor R28 is grounded, the 6th pin of the timer U1 and the 4th pin of the timer U1 are respectively electrically connected with the 7th pin of the microcontroller U11 and the 8th pin of the microcontroller U11, and the 4th pin of the timer U1 is also electrically connected with one end of the 15th resistor R29, and the other end of the 15th resistor R29 is grounded.

10. A sensor device for a wind power blade according to claim 8, characterized in that, The 8th pin of the digital accelerometer U12, the 5th pin of the digital accelerometer U12, one pole of the 16th capacitor C26 and the second power supply VCC are electrically connected, the other pole of the 16th capacitor C26 is grounded, the 2nd pin of the digital accelerometer U12, the 3rd pin of the digital accelerometer U12, the 6th pin of the digital accelerometer U12 and the 7th pin of the digital accelerometer U12 are grounded, the 1st pin of the digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected with the 58th pin of the microcontroller U11, the 14th pin of the digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected with the 59th pin of the microcontroller U11, the 13th pin of the digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected with the 61st pin of the microcontroller U11, and the 13th pin of the digital accelerometer U12 is electrically connected with the 63rd pin of the microcontroller U11; The 1st pin of the SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected with the 54th pin of the microcontroller U11, the 2nd pin of the SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected with the 56th pin of the microcontroller U11, the 4th pin of the SRAM memory U56 is grounded, the 5th pin of the SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected with the 57th pin of the microcontroller U11, the 6th pin of the SRAM memory U56 is electrically connected with the 55th pin of the microcontroller U11, the 8th pin of the SRAM memory U56, the second power supply VCC and one pole of the 17th capacitor C27 are electrically connected, and the other pole of the 17th capacitor C27 is grounded.

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