Communication system and energy storage system
By using low-power electronic switches and controllers in the communication system to automatically identify the BMS address, dynamic matching of terminating resistors is achieved, solving the problems of high cost, high power consumption and complex operation of traditional terminating resistor matching methods, and improving the reliability and stability of the system.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520362969.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing terminal resistor matching methods in communication systems suffer from high cost, high power consumption, and complex operation, especially in the field of industrial automation, which affects the stability and reliability of the system.
Automatic matching of terminating resistors is achieved by using low-power electronic switches. The controller identifies the physical address of the BMS and dynamically controls the switching state of the low-power electronic switches to achieve automatic matching of terminating resistors without manual intervention.
It significantly simplifies field operations, reduces costs and power consumption, improves system reliability and communication stability, and enhances user experience.
Smart Images
Figure CN223786083U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication system and an energy storage system. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of industrial automation, RS-485 and CAN communication are two widely used communication methods, especially in devices such as battery management systems (BMS), frequency converters, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). These communication methods use a bus structure, where multiple devices are connected in parallel on the same bus via RS-485A / 485B or CANH / CANL signal lines to exchange data. To ensure the stability and reliability of communication, a terminating resistor (typically 120Ω) is usually connected in parallel between the first and last devices on the bus to eliminate signal reflection and interference.
[0003] Existing terminating resistor matching solutions include: 1. The user manually connects terminating resistors in parallel to the communication ports of the first and last devices in the field. While simple, this solution increases the complexity and workload of field operation, resulting in a poor user experience and susceptibility to communication failures due to human error. 2. A relay or solid-state relay is connected in series with the terminating resistor. The device determines whether it is the first or last device based on its physical address, thereby controlling the relay's switching state to achieve automatic terminating resistor matching. Although this solution avoids manual operation, it also has the following problems: The unit price of relays or solid-state relays is relatively high, increasing the overall cost of the equipment. Relay driving requires significant power, which increases system power consumption for products with high efficiency requirements, such as BMS. Relays are mechanical switching devices with a limited lifespan, potentially becoming a weak link in system reliability. Utility Model Content
[0004] The main purpose of this invention is to propose a communication system and energy storage system that solves the technical problems of high cost, high power consumption and complex operation of the terminal resistor matching method in traditional communication systems.
[0005] To address the above problems, this application proposes a communication system, comprising:
[0006] Communication bus;
[0007] Multiple BMS, each BMS is connected to a communication bus, and each BMS includes a communication interface, a terminating resistor branch, a hardware configuration unit and a controller;
[0008] The terminating resistor branch is used to dynamically match the impedance of the communication bus, and the terminating resistor branch includes a low-power electronic switch.
[0009] The controller is connected to the control terminal of the low-power electronic switch, and the controller is connected to the communication bus through a communication interface. The controller is used to read the physical address stored in the hardware configuration unit to identify its own identity, and when it identifies itself as the head / end BMS, it outputs a control signal to turn on the low-power electronic switch so that the terminal resistor branch is connected to the communication bus.
[0010] Optionally, the communication interface includes a first interface and a second interface, and the terminating resistor branch is connected between the first interface and the second interface.
[0011] Optionally, the controller is further configured to output a control signal to disconnect the low-power electronic switch when it identifies itself as the first / last BMS, so as to isolate the terminating resistor branch from the communication bus.
[0012] Optionally, the terminating resistor branch includes a terminating resistor whose resistance value is matched to the characteristic impedance of the communication bus.
[0013] Optionally, when the communication bus is an RS-485 bus, it includes a 485A line and a 485B line. One end of the terminating resistor is connected to the 485A line, and the other end is connected to the 485B line through the low-power electronic switch.
[0014] Optionally, when the communication bus is a CAN bus, it includes a CAN_H line and a CAN_L line, one end of the terminating resistor is connected to the CAN_H line, and the other end of the low-power electronic switch is connected to the CAN_L line.
[0015] Optionally, the low-power electronic switch uses a low-voltage, low-current MOSFET.
[0016] Optionally, the hardware configuration unit includes a DIP switch.
[0017] In addition, this application also proposes an energy storage system, including the communication system described above.
[0018] Optionally, it also includes:
[0019] Each BMS is connected to a corresponding battery module;
[0020] The main controller, connected to the communication bus, is used to acquire data from each BMS through the communication system and perform coordinated control.
[0021] The communication system proposed in this invention includes a communication bus and multiple Base Management Systems (BMS). Each BMS is connected to the communication bus and is equipped with a terminating resistor branch for dynamically matching the impedance of the communication bus to eliminate signal reflection and interference, ensuring communication stability and reliability. The terminating resistor branch uses a low-power electronic switch as the core control element. The BMS system automatically identifies the physical address of the low-power electronic switch and dynamically controls its switching state, thereby achieving automatic terminating resistor matching without manual intervention. This significantly simplifies on-site operation and improves the user experience. The low-power electronic switch is inexpensive, has minimal impact on the overall power consumption of the system, and has no mechanical contacts, resulting in a long lifespan. This not only reduces cost and power consumption but also improves system reliability. Attached Figure Description
[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a communication system according to the present invention;
[0024] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the prior art;
[0025] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the control method of a communication system according to this utility model.
[0026] Reference numerals: Communication bus 01, Low-power electronic switch 21, Terminating resistor 22.
[0027] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0029] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.
[0030] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, if the word "and / or" appears throughout the text, it means including three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that simultaneously satisfies A and B. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.
[0031] This application proposes a communication system, comprising:
[0032] Communication bus 01;
[0033] Multiple BMS, each BMS is connected to the communication bus 01, and each BMS includes a communication interface, a terminating resistor branch, a hardware configuration unit and a controller;
[0034] The terminating resistor branch is used to dynamically match the impedance of the communication bus 01, and the terminating resistor branch includes a low-power electronic switch 21.
[0035] The controller is connected to the control terminal of the low-power electronic switch 21, and the controller is connected to the communication bus 01 through a communication interface. The controller is used to read the physical address stored in the hardware configuration unit to identify its own identity, and when it identifies itself as the head / end BMS, it outputs a control signal to turn on the low-power electronic switch 21 so that the terminal resistor branch is connected to the communication bus 01.
[0036] Specifically, in the field of industrial automation, bus architecture is a common communication method where multiple devices are connected in parallel on the same bus to exchange data. In this structure, signals propagate along the transmission line in the form of electromagnetic waves. When the signal reaches the end of the transmission line (i.e., the last device on the bus), if there is no proper impedance matching at the end, the signal will be reflected. The reflected signal will return along the transmission line and be superimposed on the original signal, causing signal distortion. This phenomenon is called signal reflection.
[0037] The main cause of signal reflection is the impedance mismatch between the characteristic impedance of the transmission line and the impedance of the terminating load. When a signal reaches the end of the transmission line, if the load impedance does not match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, some signal energy will be reflected back to the transmission line. The reflected signal superimposed on the original signal may cause signal waveform distortion, affecting the correct transmission of data. Signal distortion may cause the receiving end to be unable to correctly identify the data, resulting in communication errors. Severe signal reflection may cause the communication system to be unstable or even malfunction.
[0038] To eliminate signal reflections and ensure communication stability and reliability, a terminating resistor 22 is typically connected in parallel at the end of the bus. Its resistance is usually matched to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line (e.g., 120Ω). Matching the characteristic impedance of the transmission line with the terminating resistor 22 absorbs signal energy reaching the end, preventing signal reflections. By eliminating signal reflections, the integrity of the signal during transmission is ensured, improving communication stability and reliability. Furthermore, in a bus architecture, the signal originates at the transmitting end, propagates along the bus, and reaches the end after passing through multiple devices. To ensure proper impedance matching at both the beginning and end of the bus, terminating resistors 22 are typically connected in parallel at the first and last devices on the bus. This effectively eliminates signal reflections and ensures communication stability.
[0039] However, traditional terminating resistor 22 matching methods typically require manually connecting terminating resistor 22 in parallel on the first and last devices of the bus, such as... Figure 2 As shown, this method suffers from problems such as complex operation, susceptibility to errors, and poor flexibility. To address these issues, this invention proposes a low-cost, low-power, and highly reliable automatic matching scheme for the terminating resistor 22, which achieves automatic matching of the terminating resistor 22 through a low-power electronic switch 21. For example... Figure 2As shown, the communication system of this application includes a communication bus 01 and multiple BMSs. The communication bus 01 is used to realize data transmission between devices. The communication bus 01 can adopt common industrial communication protocols such as RS-485 or CAN bus. In the RS-485 bus, the signal lines include 485A lines and 485B lines; in the CAN bus, the signal lines include CAN_H lines and CAN_L lines. Multiple BMSs are connected to the communication bus 01 in parallel to form a bus network.
[0040] Each BMS is connected to the communication bus 01 and includes the following components: a communication interface, a terminating resistor branch, a hardware configuration unit, and a controller. The communication interface connects to the communication bus 01 to transmit and receive data. The terminating resistor branch dynamically matches the impedance of the communication bus 01 to eliminate signal reflections and interference. The terminating resistor branch typically includes a terminating resistor 22 and a low-power electronic switch 21. The resistance value of the terminating resistor 22 is usually matched to the characteristic impedance of the communication bus 01 (e.g., 120Ω), and the low-power electronic switch 21 controls the connection or disconnection of the terminating resistor 22.
[0041] The hardware configuration unit stores the physical address of the BMS, such as a DIP switch. Each BMS can obtain its unique physical address through the DIP switch settings, identifying its position in the bus network. The controller connects to the control terminal of the low-power electronic switch 21 and to the communication bus 01 via a communication interface. The controller reads the physical address of the hardware configuration unit, identifies whether it is the first or last BMS, and outputs a control signal based on the identification result to turn the low-power electronic switch 21 on or off, thereby achieving automatic matching of the terminating resistor 22.
[0042] The terminating resistor branch is the core component of this invention, and its working principle is as follows: Each BMS controller obtains its own physical address through a hardware configuration unit to identify whether it is a head or tail BMS. The aforementioned hardware configuration unit stores the physical address of the BMS, for example, a DIP switch. The hardware configuration unit is electrically connected to the controller. For example, a circuit using a DIP switch to set the device address includes a DIP switch, with one pin connected to an encoding resistor, and the other pin grounded. The other end of the encoding resistor is connected to an I / O port. The I / O port is also connected to a voltage divider resistor, the other end of which is connected to a stable power supply. In specific implementations, a protective resistor is also connected between the I / O port and ground, and its resistance value should ensure that the voltage value distributed after series connection with the voltage divider resistor does not exceed the maximum voltage value that the I / O port can withstand. A DIP switch with four pins on one side is selected. The I / O port referred to in this technology is the I / O port of the device controller.
[0043] In use, (the keys on the DIP switch are designated from right to left as 1, 2, 3, 4…; since the DIP switch uses binary encoding, their corresponding decimal numbers are 1, 2, 4, 8…) adjusting the keys on the DIP switch controls whether each coded resistor is connected to the circuit and the specific resistance value of the coded resistors connected in parallel. According to the voltage divider principle of series circuits, the voltage allocated to the I / O port is the same as the voltage value allocated to the coded resistors connected to the circuit. Because the I / O port has an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) function, the voltage value of the input I / O port can be read through the ADC and converted into the code value of the DIP switch, realizing the setting of the device address by the DIP switch.
[0044] Typically, the first BMS is the first device connected in the bus network, and the last BMS is the last device connected. If the controller identifies itself as either the first or last BMS, it outputs a control signal to turn on the low-power electronic switch 21, connecting the terminating resistor branch to the communication bus 01 to achieve impedance matching. If the controller identifies itself as neither the first nor last BMS, it outputs a control signal to turn off the low-power electronic switch 21, isolating the terminating resistor branch from the communication bus 01.
[0045] In a bus network, the number of devices or their connection order may change, which is achieved by adjusting the hardware configuration unit. This invention uses a controller to dynamically identify the BMS and automatically adjust the connection state of the terminating resistor 22 to ensure that the impedance of the communication bus 01 is always matched. The communication system proposed in this invention includes a communication bus 01 and multiple BMSs. Each BMS is connected to the communication bus 01 and is equipped with a terminating resistor branch for dynamically matching the impedance of the communication bus 01 to eliminate signal reflection and interference, ensuring communication stability and reliability. The terminating resistor branch uses a low-power electronic switch 21 as the core control element. The BMS system automatically identifies its physical address and dynamically controls the switching state of the low-power electronic switch 21, thereby achieving automatic matching of the terminating resistor 22 without manual intervention, significantly simplifying on-site operation and improving user experience. The low-power electronic switch 21 is inexpensive, has minimal impact on the overall power consumption of the system, has no mechanical contacts, and has a long lifespan, not only reducing cost and power consumption but also improving system reliability.
[0046] This invention achieves automatic matching of the terminating resistor 22 in the communication system through an innovative terminating resistor branch, solving problems such as high cost, high power consumption, low reliability, and complex operation in traditional solutions. This communication system features low cost, low power consumption, and high reliability, making it suitable for various industrial communication scenarios and providing technical support for the development of industrial automation and energy storage systems.
[0047] In one embodiment, the communication interface includes a first interface and a second interface, and the terminating resistor branch is connected between the first interface and the second interface. In this embodiment, the terminating resistor branch can be directly connected to the signal lines of the communication bus 01, thereby achieving impedance matching. Specifically, the first interface and the second interface are respectively connected to two signal lines of the communication bus 01. For example, in an RS-485 bus, the first interface is connected to the 485A line and the second interface is connected to the 485B line; in a CAN bus, the first interface is connected to the CAN_H line and the second interface is connected to the CAN_L line.
[0048] A terminating resistor branch is connected between the first and second interfaces, and includes a terminating resistor 22 and a low-power electronic switch 21. The resistance value of the terminating resistor 22 is typically matched to the characteristic impedance of the communication bus 01 to eliminate signal reflection and interference. The low-power electronic switch 21 is connected in series with the terminating resistor 22 and is used to control the connection or disconnection of the terminating resistor 22. When the low-power electronic switch 21 is turned on, the terminating resistor branch is connected to the communication bus 01 to achieve impedance matching; when the low-power electronic switch 21 is turned off, the terminating resistor branch is isolated from the communication bus 01 to avoid unnecessary power consumption and signal interference.
[0049] The terminating resistor branch is directly connected between the first and second interfaces of the communication interface, eliminating the need for complex circuit design and facilitating implementation and integration. This enables a simple, efficient, flexible, low-power, and highly reliable automatic matching function for the terminating resistor 22, providing strong support for the stable operation of the communication system.
[0050] In one embodiment, the controller is further configured to output a control signal to disconnect the low-power electronic switch 21 when it identifies itself as the first / last BMS, thereby isolating the terminating resistor branch from the communication bus 01. In the communication bus 01 system, if each BMS is connected to a terminating resistor branch, it will cause unnecessary power consumption, especially in long-distance communication or large systems, where the accumulation of such power consumption can be very significant. By disconnecting the low-power electronic switch 21, the connection between the terminating resistor branch and the communication bus 01 is isolated, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the communication bus 01.
[0051] In one embodiment, the terminating resistor branch includes a terminating resistor 22, the resistance value of which is matched to the characteristic impedance of the communication bus 01. In a bus communication system, signals propagate along the transmission line in the form of electromagnetic waves. When a signal reaches the end of the transmission line, if the impedance of the load at the end does not match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, the signal will be reflected, leading to signal distortion and communication errors. To eliminate signal reflection, a terminating resistor 22 needs to be connected in parallel at the end of the bus, its resistance value matching the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. The characteristic impedance of the communication bus 01 is its inherent electrical characteristic, which determines the optimal impedance conditions for signal transmission on the bus. To achieve optimal signal transmission, the resistance value of the terminating resistor 22 needs to match the characteristic impedance of the communication bus 01. This matching minimizes signal reflection, thereby ensuring clear and stable signal transmission.
[0052] For example, in an RS-485 bus, the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is typically 120Ω, so the value of the terminating resistor 22 should also be 120Ω; in a CAN bus, the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is also 120Ω, so the value of the terminating resistor 22 should also be set to 120Ω. By matching the value of the terminating resistor 22 with the characteristic impedance of the communication bus 01, signal energy reaching the end can be absorbed, signal reflection can be avoided, and signal integrity and communication stability can be ensured.
[0053] In one embodiment, when the communication bus 01 is an RS-485 bus, it includes 485A and 485B lines. One end of the terminating resistor 22 is connected to the 485A line, and the other end is connected to the 485B line through the low-power electronic switch 21. The RS-485 bus is a widely used differential communication protocol. An RS-485 bus typically includes two signal lines: 485A and 485B. The signals transmitted on these two lines are complementary; that is, they carry the same information but are in opposite phases. This differential signal transmission method helps reduce electromagnetic interference and improve communication reliability.
[0054] The RS-485 bus has a maximum data transmission rate of 10 Mbps and a maximum transmission distance of 1200 meters (at lower speeds, such as below 100 kbps). Up to 128 transceivers can be connected on the bus, supporting multi-point communication. Multiple devices can share the bus and be managed via address or polling mechanisms. It also features half-duplex and full-duplex modes. In half-duplex mode, only unidirectional data transmission is allowed at any given time, requiring direction control. In practical applications, host polling or token passing methods are commonly used to allocate bus control.
[0055] The RS-485 bus has strong anti-interference capabilities. The effects of electromagnetic interference noise on the level waveform are effectively canceled in the differential signal, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of communication.
[0056] In the 485 circuit, the signals 485A and 485B have a higher signal level than 485B. Therefore, the current flowing through the resistor connected in parallel on the 485A / 485B bus is from 485A to 485B. In other words, the current direction of the 485 communication terminal resistor 22 is always from 485A to 485B. For example... Figure 2 As shown, in a multi-BMS parallel system, after BMS identifies its own physical address, BMS 1 and BMS N will drive the MOSFET to conduct, thereby connecting the terminating resistor 22 of BMS 1 and BMS N in parallel with the 485A / 485B. The other BMS will not drive the MOSFET, and the corresponding terminating resistor 22 of 485A / 485B will not be enabled, thus achieving the purpose of automatically matching the 485 communication terminating resistor 22.
[0057] In one embodiment, when the communication bus 01 is a CAN bus, it includes a CAN_H line and a CAN_L line. One end of the terminating resistor 22 is connected to the CAN_H line, and the other end of the low-power electronic switch 21 is connected to the CAN_L line.
[0058] In one embodiment, the low-power electronic switch 21 employs a low-voltage, low-current MOSFET. Low-voltage (e.g., 5V or 3.3V) and low-current (milliampere level) MOSFETs offer advantages such as low cost, low power consumption, and high reliability. MOSFETs are commonly used devices in power electronics. In this embodiment, because the voltage between the 485A and 485B is relatively low, the current flowing through the terminating resistor 22 is in the milliampere level. Similarly, the current flowing through the MOSFET is also in the milliampere level. Therefore, the voltage and current requirements for the MOSFET are very low. MOSFETs can be used in small packages such as SOT-23 packages. These low-voltage, low-current, small-package MOSFETs are very inexpensive and readily available.
[0059] Meanwhile, MOSFETs are voltage-driven devices, consuming very little power only during the brief moments of turn-on and turn-off. Once turn-on and turn-off are complete, no further power is required for driving. Therefore, the driving power of MOSFETs is extremely low, even negligible, making them very suitable for products like BMS that require high efficiency.
[0060] In one embodiment, the hardware configuration unit includes a DIP switch. The DIP switch is used to configure the physical address of each BMS device, thereby enabling the automatic matching function of the terminating resistor 22. The DIP switch is a hardware configuration tool that assigns a unique physical address to each BMS device by manually setting its switch state (on or off). The physical address is used to determine the device's position on the communication bus (e.g., whether it is the first or last device), thereby controlling the automatic matching of the terminating resistor 22.
[0061] The output pins of the DIP switch are connected to the input pins of the BMS controller to read the switch status. Each switch bit of the DIP switch corresponds to one binary bit, and a unique physical address is generated by combining the switch states. For example, a 4-bit DIP switch can generate 16 different addresses. During field installation, the DIP switch status is manually set according to the position of each BMS device in the communication bus; for example, the DIP switch of the first device is set to "0001", the second device is set to "0010", and so on.
[0062] In summary, the above embodiments and appendices Figure 3 As shown, the control method of the controller in this application is as follows:
[0063] S100: Reads the physical address stored in the DIP switch. The physical address of each BMS is determined by the state of its DIP switch and is used to identify its position in the bus network. For example, if the DIP switch is encoded in four bits from 1 to 16, the physical address of each BMS can be determined based on the encoding size.
[0064] S200: Based on the read physical address, determine whether it is the first or last BMS in the RS-485 bus. Typically, the first BMS is the first device connected to the bus network, and the last BMS is the last device connected. The determination logic can be implemented according to the numbering rules of the DIP switches; for example, the device with the smallest number is the first BMS, and the device with the largest number is the last BMS.
[0065] S300: If it recognizes itself as the start or end BMS, it outputs a high level to turn on the MOS transistor, so that the resistance of the terminating resistor 22 in the terminating resistor branch is 120Ω and connected to the RS-485 bus to achieve impedance matching.
[0066] If it is identified as a non-starting or non-ending BMS, it outputs a low level and does not turn on the MOSFET, thus isolating the terminating resistor branch from the communication bus 01 and avoiding unnecessary power consumption and signal interference.
[0067] S400: In a bus network, the number of devices or their connection order may change. For example, devices may be added, removed, or rearranged. The controller monitors changes in physical addresses in real time and re-identifies itself based on the new physical address, dynamically adjusting the access status of the terminating resistor 22 to ensure that the impedance of the communication bus 01 is always matched.
[0068] Furthermore, this application also proposes an energy storage system, including the communication system described above. The communication system includes: a communication bus 01; multiple BMSs, each BMS connected to the communication bus 01, each BMS including a communication interface, a terminating resistor branch, a hardware configuration unit, and a controller; the terminating resistor branch is used to dynamically match the impedance of the communication bus 01, and the terminating resistor branch includes a low-power electronic switch 21; the controller is connected to the control terminal of the low-power electronic switch 21, and the controller is connected to the communication bus 01 through the communication interface; the controller is used to read the physical address stored in the hardware configuration unit to identify its own identity, and when it identifies itself as the first / last BMS, it outputs a control signal to turn on the low-power electronic switch 21, so that the terminating resistor branch is connected to the communication bus 01.
[0069] The communication system proposed in this invention includes a communication bus 01 and multiple BMS (Battery Management Systems). Each BMS is connected to the communication bus 01 and is equipped with a terminating resistor branch for dynamically matching the impedance of the communication bus 01 to eliminate signal reflection and interference, ensuring communication stability and reliability. The terminating resistor branch uses a low-power electronic switch 21 as the core control element. The BMS system automatically identifies its physical address and dynamically controls the switching state of the low-power electronic switch 21, thereby achieving automatic matching of the terminating resistor 22 without manual intervention, significantly simplifying on-site operation and improving user experience. The low-power electronic switch 21 is inexpensive, has minimal impact on the overall power consumption of the system, has no mechanical contacts, and has a long lifespan, thus reducing both cost and power consumption while improving system reliability.
[0070] In one embodiment, it further includes:
[0071] Each BMS is connected to a battery module; a battery module consists of multiple battery cells connected in series or parallel, and is typically used in energy storage systems. The BMS functions to monitor the status of the battery module in real time, perform battery balancing, extend battery life, and provide protection against overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, and overheating.
[0072] The main controller, connected to the communication bus 01, is used to acquire data from each BMS and perform coordinated control through the communication system. The main controller acquires battery module data (such as voltage, current, temperature, SOC, etc.) monitored by each BMS via the communication bus 01 and executes system-level control strategies based on the acquired data, such as charge / discharge management, power allocation, and fault handling. It displays system status information on the user interface and triggers alarms in abnormal situations.
[0073] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and do not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A communication system, characterized in that, include: Communication bus; Multiple BMS, each BMS is connected to a communication bus, and each BMS includes a communication interface, a terminating resistor branch, a hardware configuration unit and a controller; The terminating resistor branch is used to dynamically match the impedance of the communication bus, and the terminating resistor branch includes a low-power electronic switch. The controller is connected to the control terminal of the low-power electronic switch, and the controller is connected to the communication bus through a communication interface; The controller is used to read the physical address stored in the hardware configuration unit to identify itself, and when it identifies itself as the head / end BMS, it outputs a control signal to turn on the low-power electronic switch so that the terminating resistor branch is connected to the communication bus.
2. The communication system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The communication interface includes a first interface and a second interface, and the terminal resistor branch is connected between the first interface and the second interface.
3. The communication system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to output a control signal to disconnect the low-power electronic switch when it identifies itself as the first / last BMS, so as to isolate the terminating resistor branch from the communication bus.
4. The communication system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The terminating resistor branch includes a terminating resistor, the resistance value of which is matched with the characteristic impedance of the communication bus.
5. The communication system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When the communication bus is an RS-485 bus, it includes a 485A line and a 485B line. One end of the terminating resistor is connected to the 485A line, and the other end is connected to the 485B line through the low-power electronic switch.
6. The communication system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When the communication bus is a CAN bus, it includes a CAN_H line and a CAN_L line. One end of the terminating resistor is connected to the CAN_H line, and the other end of the low-power electronic switch is connected to the CAN_L line.
7. The communication system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The low-power electronic switch uses a low-voltage, low-current MOSFET.
8. The communication system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The hardware configuration unit includes a DIP switch.
9. An energy storage system, characterized in that, Includes the communication system as described in any one of claims 1-8.
10. The energy storage system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: Each BMS is connected to a corresponding battery module; The main controller, connected to the communication bus, is used to acquire data from each BMS through the communication system and perform coordinated control.