Automatic straightening machine for aluminum material

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum material machining equipment, and particularly discloses an automatic aluminum material straightening machine which comprises a supporting sliding rail, a movable bottom plate, an adjusting bottom plate and a material taking device. A movable bottom plate and an adjusting bottom plate are arranged on a supporting sliding rail in a sliding mode, stretching jaws are arranged on the movable bottom plate and the adjusting bottom plate, pushing air cylinders are further arranged at the tops of the stretching jaws, a material taking device is movably arranged in the stretching jaws, and limiting bottom plates are further arranged at the bottoms of the stretching jaws; according to the tubular aluminum profile straightening device, the power output end of the pushing air cylinder can be connected with a material pressing plate, the material pressing plate is aligned with the limiting bottom plate, the tubular aluminum profile is effectively and automatically straightened, automatic feeding can be achieved in the straightening process, it is guaranteed that the tubular aluminum profile does not deform while the working efficiency is improved, and the product quality is improved. And the straightening quality is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum processing equipment, and in particular to an automatic aluminum straightening machine. Background Technology

[0002] Existing aluminum profiles are produced by extruding aluminum materials. During the extrusion process, a traction machine is mainly used to guide the extruded product to move forward at a constant speed along its guide rail to ensure the straightness of the product, improve the yield and production efficiency. However, during the aluminum profile extrusion traction process, bending and deformation of the aluminum profile may occur. Therefore, the aluminum profile needs to be straightened. The straightening process is used to correct the size of the profile. Currently, straightening machines are mainly used to straighten the profile.

[0003] Existing straightening machines mainly consist of two parts: a clamping device and a moving device. The clamping device holds both ends of the product to ensure that the aluminum profile does not loosen, and the moving device drives the clamping device to move to achieve the straightening effect. However, most existing straightening machines rely on manual feeding and placement of aluminum profiles on the two clamping devices, resulting in low work efficiency. Furthermore, since existing aluminum profiles come in various shapes, such as solid profiles and tubular profiles, and tubular profiles are hollow aluminum profiles, when straightening tubular profiles, it is necessary to ensure that the clamping position is stable while also ensuring that the clamping part does not cause deformation of the profile.

[0004] Referring to Chinese utility model patent publication number "CN204842510U" entitled "A Straightening Machine," the technical solution discloses "a straightening machine, belonging to the technical field of aluminum profile processing equipment, including a frame with a guide rail rack, a main stretching clamp disposed at one end of the guide rail rack, and a moving trolley disposed at the other end of the guide rail rack. The moving trolley is equipped with a secondary stretching clamp for working together with the main stretching clamp to straighten the profile. The moving trolley is slidably mounted on the frame via a horizontal moving device. This utility model, by setting a jaw that can slide laterally into a slide block, makes jaw replacement very convenient, and can straighten extruded aluminum products of different shapes, thereby meeting different production needs. At the same time, by setting a pad made of a softer material on the jaw," although this technical solution can improve the product yield by reducing damage to the profile at the clamping part, it cannot achieve automated feeding and cannot solve the problem of deformation of tubular aluminum profiles when straightening them.

[0005] Therefore, how to automate the straightening of tubular aluminum profiles is the main technical problem that technicians need to solve. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an automatic aluminum straightening machine to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an automatic aluminum straightening machine, comprising:

[0008] Support rails, movable base plate, adjustable base plate, and material handling device;

[0009] Both the movable base plate and the adjustable base plate are slidably mounted on the support slide rail, and both the movable base plate and the adjustable base plate are provided with tension jaws. A push cylinder is provided at the top of the tension jaws. The material taking device is movably mounted inside the tension jaws, and a limit base plate is provided at the bottom of the tension jaws. The power output end of the push cylinder is connected to a pressure plate, and the pressure plate is aligned with the limit base plate.

[0010] The material handling device includes a mounting vertical plate and a movable horizontal plate. The movable horizontal plate is slidably mounted on one side of the mounting vertical plate, and a lifting cylinder is provided at the top of the mounting vertical plate. The power output end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the movable horizontal plate. A movable side plate is slidably mounted on the outside of the movable horizontal plate. A transmission shaft and a material blocking base plate are respectively provided on the outside of the movable side plate. The transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the movable side plate, and a jacking cylinder and a rotating motor are respectively provided on the outside of the movable horizontal plate. The power output end of the jacking cylinder is connected to one end of the transmission shaft, and a material handling pressure plate is sleeved on the other end of the transmission shaft. One side of the material handling pressure plate faces the material blocking base plate, and a positioning cone is provided between the material blocking base plate and the material handling pressure plate. The power output end of the rotating motor is connected to the movable side plate.

[0011] Preferably, the movable side plate is provided with a transverse rack on the side near the movable cross plate, and the power output end of the rotary motor meshes with the transverse rack. The rotary motor is used to control the sliding distance of the movable side plate.

[0012] Preferably, the positions of the stretch jaws of the movable base plate and the stretch jaws of the adjusting base plate correspond to each other, and when the two material handling devices are aligned, the two positioning cones are located on the same central axis.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom of the support slide rail is further provided with a displacement mechanism, which includes a drive motor and a rotating lead screw. The rotating lead screw is rotatably mounted on the support slide rail, and the power output end of the drive motor is connected to the rotating lead screw. A movable slider is sleeved on the outside of the rotating lead screw, and the movable slider is connected to the bottom of the movable base plate.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom of the adjusting base plate is provided with an adjusting shaft, and the outside of the supporting slide rail is provided with a longitudinal rack, one end of the adjusting shaft meshing with the longitudinal rack.

[0015] Preferably, the outside of the support slide rail is also provided with a discharge mechanism. There are two discharge mechanisms, and the two discharge mechanisms are respectively close to the adjusting base plate and the moving base plate. The discharge mechanism includes a discharge belt and a rotating roller. The discharge belt is sleeved on the outside of the rotating roller, and the surface of the discharge belt is tangent to the limiting base plate.

[0016] Preferably, the limiting base plate is movably disposed at the bottom of the tension jaw, and a telescopic cylinder is also disposed at the bottom of the tension jaw, the power output end of the telescopic cylinder being connected to the outside of the limiting base plate.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this technical solution provides an automatic aluminum straightening machine: It is equipped with a support slide rail, a movable base plate, an adjustable base plate, and a material handling device. Both the movable and adjustable base plates are slidably mounted on the support slide rail. Stretching jaws are provided on both the movable and adjustable base plates. A push cylinder is installed at the top of the stretching jaws, allowing the material handling device to be moved inside the stretching jaws. The material handling device can hold the aluminum profile to be straightened within the stretching jaws. A limit plate is provided at the bottom of the stretching jaws, connecting the power output end of the push cylinder to... A pressure plate is attached, aligning it with a limiting base plate. A cylinder can be used to move the pressure plate closer to the limiting base plate, clamping both ends of the aluminum profile. Moving the base plate away from the limiting base plate straightens the aluminum profile. The material handling device includes a mounting vertical plate and a movable horizontal plate. The movable horizontal plate is slidably mounted on one side of the mounting vertical plate. A lifting cylinder is installed at the top of the mounting vertical plate, and its power output is connected to the movable horizontal plate. Movable side plates are slidably mounted outside the movable horizontal plate, and transmission devices are installed outside the movable side plates. A rotating shaft and a bottom plate are used to rotate the drive shaft, which is mounted on a movable side plate. A jacking cylinder and a rotating motor are respectively installed outside the movable horizontal plate. The power output end of the jacking cylinder is connected to one end of the drive shaft, and a material-grabbing pressure plate is fitted onto the other end of the drive shaft. One side of the material-grabbing pressure plate faces the bottom plate, and the jacking cylinder drives the drive shaft to rotate. This achieves automatic clamping and material-grabbing by moving the drive shaft and the material-grabbing pressure plate closer to the bottom plate. A positioning cone is provided between the bottom plate and the material-grabbing pressure plate, which can be positioned to... The conical body fixes the hollow part of the tubular aluminum profile and ensures that the end of the tubular aluminum profile will not deform when subjected to clamping force. The power output end of the rotating motor is connected to the movable side plate, so that the movable side plate moves closer to or away from the stretching jaws. This allows the material to be picked up by the traction machine and the aluminum profile to be moved inside the stretching jaws. This utility model effectively realizes the automated straightening action of the tubular aluminum profile and can realize automated feeding during the straightening process, improving work efficiency while ensuring that the tubular aluminum profile will not be deformed due to clamping and ensuring the straightening quality. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the material handling device in this utility model.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the material handling device from another perspective in this utility model.

[0022] As shown in the diagram: 1. Support rail; 2. Moving base plate; 3. Adjusting base plate; 4. Material handling device; 5. Stretching jaws; 6. Discharge mechanism; 11. Displacement mechanism; 31. Adjusting shaft; 41. Mounting vertical plate; 42. Moving horizontal plate; 43. Movable side plate; 51. Pushing cylinder; 52. Limiting base plate; 53. Pressing plate; 54. Telescopic cylinder; 61. Discharge belt; 62. Rotating roller; 99. Positioning cone; 111. Drive motor; 112. Rotating screw; 114. Longitudinal rack; 411. Lifting cylinder; 421. Pushing cylinder; 422. Rotating motor; 431. Transmission shaft; 432. Material blocking base plate; 433. Material handling pressure plate; 434. Transverse rack. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model. The preferred embodiments of this utility model will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the preferred embodiments of this utility model are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this utility model can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this utility model more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this utility model to those skilled in the art.

[0024] The terminology used in this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0025] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used to describe various components in this invention, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish components of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this invention, a first component may also be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be referred to as a first component. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0029] The following combination Figures 1 to 3 The technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model are described in detail.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] To achieve automated and stable clamping of tubular aluminum profiles, this embodiment includes: a support slide rail 1, a movable base plate 2, an adjustable base plate 3, and a material-picking device 4; both the movable base plate 2 and the adjustable base plate 3 are slidably mounted on the support slide rail 1; tension jaws 5 are provided on both the movable base plate 2 and the adjustable base plate 3; a push cylinder 51 is provided at the top of the tension jaws 5; the material-picking device 4 is movably mounted inside the tension jaws 5; the aluminum profile to be straightened is placed inside the tension jaws 5 by the material-picking device 4; a limiting base plate 52 is provided at the bottom of the tension jaws 5; a pressure plate 53 is connected to the power output end of the push cylinder 51, aligning the pressure plate 53 with the limiting base plate 52; the push cylinder 51 moves the pressure plate 53 closer to the limiting base plate 52, clamping both ends of the aluminum profile; and the movable base plate 2 moves away from the adjustable base plate 3 to straighten the aluminum profile.

[0032] It should be noted that, to prevent deformation of the ends of the tubular aluminum profile due to clamping force, the positions of the stretching jaws 5 of the moving base plate 2 and the stretching jaws 5 of the adjusting base plate 3 are aligned. When the two material picking devices 4 are aligned, the two positioning cones 99 are located on the same central axis. The two ends of the aluminum profile can be clamped by the two material picking devices 4, and the material can be fed straight into the stretching jaws 5. During the feeding process, the material can be fed in conjunction with the traction machine. The two positioning cones 99 can also support and limit the interior of the tubular aluminum profile to prevent deformation during the clamping process.

[0033] It should be noted that, to achieve the automatic movement of the movable base plate 2, a displacement mechanism 11 is also provided at the bottom of the support slide rail 1. The displacement mechanism 11 includes a drive motor 111 and a rotating lead screw 112. The rotating lead screw 112 is rotatably mounted on the support slide rail 1, and the power output end of the drive motor 111 is connected to the rotating lead screw 112. A movable slider is sleeved on the outside of the rotating lead screw 112 and connected to the bottom of the movable base plate 2. The drive motor 111 can drive the rotating lead screw 112 to rotate. During the rotation of 12, the movable slider can slide along the outside of the rotating lead screw 112, thereby realizing the lead screw transmission structure. This enables the moving distance of the movable base plate 2 to be controlled by the rotating motor 422, allowing the movable base plate 2 to move away from or closer to the adjusting base plate 3. This ensures that the spacing between the tension jaws 5 on the movable base plate 2 and the tension jaws 5 on the adjusting base plate 3 is compatible with the length of the aluminum profile, facilitating subsequent clamping and feeding. Furthermore, during the straightening process, the tension jaws 5 on the movable base plate 2 can be moved away from the tension jaws 5 on the adjusting base plate 3, thus achieving the straightening action.

[0034] It should also be noted that, in order to achieve the adjustment effect of the adjustable base plate 3, an adjusting shaft 31 is provided at the bottom of the adjustable base plate 3, and a longitudinal rack 114 is provided on the outside of the support slide rail 1. One end of the adjusting shaft 31 is engaged with the longitudinal rack 114. The adjusting base plate 3 can be moved along the longitudinal rack 114 by the adjusting shaft 31 to straighten aluminum materials of the appropriate length. The adjusting shaft 31 can be locked to achieve a fixed effect, ensuring that the adjusting base plate 31 will not move during the straightening operation.

[0035] It should be noted that after the straightening action is completed, it is necessary to ensure that the aluminum profile can be dropped smoothly. By setting a discharge mechanism 6 outside the support slide rail 1, two discharge mechanisms 6 are set up so that the two discharge mechanisms 6 are close to the adjusting base plate 3 and the moving base plate 2 respectively. The discharge mechanism 6 includes a discharge belt 61 and a rotating roller 62. The discharge belt 61 is sleeved on the outside of the rotating roller 62. The surface of the discharge belt 61 is tangent to the limiting base plate 52. After the straightening process is completed, the pressure plate 53 and the material picking pressure plate 433 can be released, and the moving base plate 2 and the adjusting base plate 3 can be reset, so that both ends of the aluminum profile are conveyed and discharged on the discharge mechanism 6.

[0036] It should also be noted that, in order to ensure uniform force distribution during clamping, the limiting base plate 52 can be movably positioned at the bottom of the tension jaw 5. The bottom of the tension jaw 5 is also equipped with a telescopic cylinder 54, so that the power output end of the telescopic cylinder 54 is connected to the outside of the limiting base plate 52. The telescopic cylinder 54 drives the limiting base plate 52 away from or closer to the pressure plate 53. When it is necessary to clamp the aluminum profile, the power output end of the telescopic cylinder 54 can drive the limiting base plate 52 closer to the pressure plate 53, and by pushing the power output end of the cylinder 51 to retract, the pressure plate 53 can be driven closer to the limiting base plate 52, thereby achieving the effect of synchronous clamping of the aluminum profile, ensuring uniform force distribution from top to bottom, and ensuring stable clamping.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] To automate the automatic picking of aluminum profiles from the traction machine and their movement to the stretching jaws 5 for subsequent straightening, thereby improving work efficiency, in this embodiment: the picking device 4 includes a mounting vertical plate 41 and a movable horizontal plate 42. The movable horizontal plate 42 is slidably mounted on one side of the mounting vertical plate 41. A lifting cylinder 411 is installed on the top of the mounting vertical plate 41, and the power output end of the lifting cylinder 411 is connected to the movable horizontal plate 42. A movable side plate 43 is slidably mounted outside the movable horizontal plate 42. A transmission shaft 431 and a stop plate 432 are respectively installed outside the movable side plate 43. The transmission shaft 431 is rotatably mounted on the movable side plate 43. A jacking cylinder 421 and a rotating motor 422 are respectively installed outside the movable horizontal plate 42. The power output end of the jacking cylinder 421 is connected to the stop plate 42. One end of the transmission shaft 431 is connected to a material-taking plate 433, and the other end of the transmission shaft 431 is fitted with a material-taking plate 433. One side of the material-taking plate 433 faces the bottom plate 432, and the transmission shaft 431 can be rotated by the jacking cylinder 421. Thus, the transmission shaft drives the material-taking plate 433 to approach the bottom plate 432 to realize the automatic clamping and taking action. A positioning cone 99 is provided between the bottom plate 432 and the material-taking plate 433. The positioning cone 99 can fix the hollow part of the tubular aluminum profile and ensure that the end of the tubular aluminum profile will not deform when subjected to clamping force. The power output end of the rotating motor 422 can be connected to the movable side plate 43, so that the movable side plate 43 can move closer to or away from the stretching jaw 5 to realize the action of taking material close to the traction machine and driving the aluminum profile into the stretching jaw 5.

[0039] It should be noted that by providing a transverse rack 434 on the side of the movable side plate 43 near the moving cross plate 42, the power output end of the rotating motor 422 meshes with the transverse rack 434. Therefore, the rotating motor 422 can be used to control the sliding distance of the movable side plate 43. In actual operation, the rotation of the power output end of the rotating motor 422 drives the transverse rack 434, thereby moving the movable side plate 43. During the material handling process, the rotating motor 422 can drive the movable side plate 43 to approach the traction machine for clamping and material handling. The rotating motor 422 can then drive the movable side plate 43 to be located inside the stretching jaw 5, and the aluminum profile is aligned between the pressure plate 53 and the limiting base plate 52. The pressure plate 53 and the limiting base plate 52 clamp and stabilize the aluminum profile, so that the aluminum profile can be straightened when the moving base plate 2 moves away from the adjusting base plate 3.

[0040] Furthermore, regarding the above embodiments, it is necessary to add that both the drive motor 111 and the rotary motor 422 can be servo motors. A servo motor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular velocity or linear position, speed, and acceleration. It includes a suitable electric motor connected to a sensor for position feedback. It also requires a relatively complex controller, typically a dedicated module specifically designed for servo motors.

[0041] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses; for parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art should also understand that the actions and modules involved in the specification are not necessarily essential to the present invention. Furthermore, it is understood that the steps in the method of the present invention embodiments can be adjusted, combined, and deleted according to actual needs, and the structure in the device of the present invention embodiments can be combined, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.

[0042] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An automatic aluminum straightening machine, characterized in that, include: Support rails, movable base plate, adjustable base plate, and material handling device; Both the movable base plate and the adjustable base plate are slidably mounted on the support slide rail, and both the movable base plate and the adjustable base plate are provided with tension jaws. A push cylinder is provided at the top of the tension jaws. The material taking device is movably mounted inside the tension jaws, and a limit base plate is provided at the bottom of the tension jaws. The power output end of the push cylinder is connected to a pressure plate, and the pressure plate is aligned with the limit base plate. The material handling device includes a mounting vertical plate and a movable horizontal plate. The movable horizontal plate is slidably disposed on one side of the mounting vertical plate, and a lifting cylinder is provided at the top of the mounting vertical plate. The power output end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the movable horizontal plate. A movable side plate is slidably disposed on the outside of the movable horizontal plate. A transmission shaft and a material blocking base plate are respectively disposed on the outside of the movable side plate. The transmission shaft is rotatably disposed on the movable side plate, and a jacking cylinder and a rotating motor are respectively disposed on the outside of the movable horizontal plate. The power output end of the jacking cylinder is connected to one end of the transmission shaft, and a material handling pressure plate is sleeved on the other end of the transmission shaft. One side of the material handling pressure plate faces the material blocking base plate, and a positioning cone is disposed between the material blocking base plate and the material handling pressure plate. The power output end of the rotating motor is drivenly connected to the movable side plate.

2. The automatic aluminum straightening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable side plate is provided with a transverse rack on the side near the movable cross plate, and the power output end of the rotating motor meshes with the transverse rack. The rotating motor is used to control the sliding distance of the movable side plate.

3. The automatic aluminum straightening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positions of the stretch jaws of the movable base plate and the stretch jaws of the adjusting base plate correspond to each other, and when the two material picking devices are aligned, the two positioning cones are located on the same central axis.

4. The automatic aluminum straightening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the support slide rail is also provided with a displacement mechanism, which includes a drive motor and a rotating lead screw. The rotating lead screw is rotatably mounted on the support slide rail, and the power output end of the drive motor is connected to the rotating lead screw. A movable slider is sleeved on the outside of the rotating lead screw, and the movable slider is connected to the bottom of the movable base plate.

5. An automatic aluminum straightening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the adjusting base plate is provided with an adjusting shaft, and the outside of the supporting slide rail is provided with a longitudinal rack, one end of the adjusting shaft meshing with the longitudinal rack.

6. An automatic aluminum straightening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support slide rail is also provided with a discharge mechanism. There are two discharge mechanisms, and the two discharge mechanisms are respectively close to the adjusting base plate and the moving base plate. The discharge mechanism includes a discharge belt and a rotating roller. The discharge belt is sleeved on the outside of the rotating roller, and the surface of the discharge belt is tangent to the limiting base plate.

7. An automatic aluminum straightening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting base plate is movably disposed at the bottom of the tension jaws, and a telescopic cylinder is also disposed at the bottom of the tension jaws, the power output end of the telescopic cylinder being connected to the outside of the limiting base plate.

Images