Agricultural machinery gearbox and agricultural machine

Abstract

The gearbox comprises a power input shaft and two output half shafts, the power input shaft is respectively connected with the output half shafts through different transmission lines, two electromagnetic clutches are installed on the transmission line of at least one output half shaft and are respectively arranged on clutch shafts, and the two electromagnetic clutches are connected with the output half shafts through the transmission lines. A shaft sleeve rotating around the shaft is arranged between each electromagnetic clutch and the clutch shaft; a driving part of each electromagnetic clutch is connected with a driving part gear meshed with the front-stage gear, a driven part of each electromagnetic clutch and the corresponding shaft sleeve act synchronously, and each shaft sleeve is in static connection with an output gear; by controlling the power-on and power-off states of the electromagnetic clutch on each side, the two output gears on the side alternately output torque to the rear-stage gear to drive the output half shaft. The agricultural machine can be flexibly and reliably controlled, the transmission energy efficiency is high, and remote control or unmanned operation is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to an agricultural machinery gearbox. Background Technology

[0002] Current agricultural machinery motion control, such as forward, backward, left turn, and right turn, mainly relies on three technical approaches: purely mechanical transmission mechanisms, hydraulic drive systems, and electric motor drive systems. Purely mechanical transmission mechanisms achieve motion control through mechanical actions such as gear engagement and disengagement. While simple in structure, they require manual operation of the machine handle, making them unsuitable for the demands of modern agriculture for electrically or remotely controlled agricultural machinery. Hydraulic drive systems, while easily achievable through electrification, suffer from complex control systems, low energy transmission efficiency, high manufacturing costs, and difficult maintenance. Electric motor drive systems offer precision, speed, flexibility, and efficiency, but typically require large-capacity onboard batteries or generators, leading to range anxiety and high manufacturing costs. Therefore, developing an agricultural machinery gearbox that enables flexible and reliable motion control, high energy transmission efficiency, and facilitates remote or unmanned operation has become crucial for current technological development. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an agricultural machinery gearbox that enables flexible and reliable control of the movement of agricultural machinery, has high energy transmission efficiency, and facilitates remote control or unmanned operation in the future.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: This agricultural machinery gearbox includes a power input shaft and two output half-shafts. The power input shaft is connected to the corresponding output half-shafts through different transmission routes. Two electromagnetic clutches for controlling the forward, reverse, or stop rotation of the output half-shaft are installed on the transmission route of at least one output half-shaft. The two electromagnetic clutches are respectively disposed on a clutch shaft, and a bushing rotating around the clutch shaft is disposed between each electromagnetic clutch and the clutch shaft. The driving part of each electromagnetic clutch is fastened to a driving gear that meshes with the front gear, and the driven part moves synchronously with the bushing. Each bushing is statically connected to an output gear. By controlling the on / off state of the two electromagnetic clutches on each side, the two output gears on that side alternately output torque to the rear gear, and the rear gear drives the corresponding output half-shaft.

[0005] A more specific technical solution for the above-mentioned agricultural machinery gearbox can be: having four electromagnetic clutches and two clutch shafts, with two electromagnetic clutches provided on the transmission routes of each of the two output half-shafts, for controlling the forward rotation, reverse rotation or stop of the corresponding output half-shaft respectively, and two electromagnetic clutches symmetrically installed on each clutch shaft.

[0006] In some possible implementations, one end of the bushing is supported by a bearing between itself and the housing, and the other end is supported by a bearing between itself and an inner bearing housing, the inner bearing housing being statically connected to the clutch shaft.

[0007] In some possible implementations, a gear shifting tooth is mounted on the power input shaft, which slides axially to select and engage multiple gear teeth on the gear shaft. A transition tooth is also mounted on the gear shaft. The gear teeth and the transition teeth are respectively connected to the corresponding drive gear. The number of teeth of the transition teeth is the same as that of the gear teeth that transmit power backward.

[0008] In some possible implementations, each of the output half-shafts is provided with a reversing transmission mechanism on its reversing transmission path to transmit power and cause the output half-shaft to rotate in the opposite direction.

[0009] In some possible implementations, the reversing transmission mechanism is any one of the following:

[0010] The driving gear of the electromagnetic clutch located at the front stage on each of the aforementioned transmission routes serves as the reversing transmission mechanism;

[0011] A reverse gear is added between the transition tooth or the gear tooth that transmits power backward and the driving gear on the same side. The reverse gear and the reverse shaft serve as the reverse transmission mechanism.

[0012] A multi-stage double gear is provided between the electromagnetic clutch and the output half-shaft on the same side. A reverse gear is added between the driving tooth of the first-stage double gear and the output gear. The reverse gear and the reverse shaft serve as the reverse transmission mechanism.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the transmission mechanism from the first-stage double gear to the corresponding output half-shaft is a shared portion of the forward and reverse transmission paths on the same side.

[0014] Another objective of this utility model is to provide an agricultural machine whose gearbox is any of the agricultural machinery gearboxes described above.

[0015] In the above-mentioned technical solution for agricultural machinery, a more specific technical solution could be: the output half-shaft is connected to the drive wheel via a coupling, and the drive wheel is connected via a chain or bevel gear transmission box.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the on / off state of the electromagnetic clutch is controlled by a control unit, the output of which is connected to the electromagnetic coil of the electromagnetic clutch, and the input of which is connected to the output of a receiver, which is connected to a remote control transmitter via a wireless signal. The control unit also includes an interlock circuit, the output of which is connected to the electromagnetic coil of the electromagnetic clutch on the same side.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, this utility model has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0018] 1. This utility model's agricultural machinery gearbox, through the combination of electromagnetic clutches and gear transmission, achieves precise and flexible control of the agricultural machinery's motion state. It features high transmission efficiency, stable operation, low cost, and adaptability to electronic control requirements, providing reliable technical support for remote control and unmanned operation of agricultural machinery. By controlling the on / off state of at least two electromagnetic clutches, the corresponding output half-shafts can be rotated forward, reversed, or stopped, thus flexibly controlling the agricultural machinery's forward, backward, and turning movements. Compared to purely mechanical transmission mechanisms, electromagnetic clutches offer more convenient control and are suitable for electronic or remote control operation. Compared to hydraulic drive systems, energy transmission efficiency is higher, avoiding energy loss. Compared to electric motor drive modes, its manufacturing and maintenance costs are significantly reduced.

[0019] 2. Four electromagnetic clutches are set up, with two electromagnetic clutches on each output half shaft, to achieve independent control on both sides, which improves the mobility of the agricultural machine and enables bidirectional 360-degree rotation in place; the symmetrical design on both sides further improves the stability and reliability of the gearbox, making it suitable for complex working environments.

[0020] 3. A bearing supporting the bushing is installed on the gearbox housing. An inner bearing housing is statically connected to the clutch shaft, and the bushing is supported by the bearing in the inner bearing housing to suspend it. This avoids mutual interference between the left and right bushing drives, ensures independent transmission of the two paths, and improves the operating stability of the gearbox. The inner bearing housing and the clutch shaft are tightly fitted to ensure concentricity after support, thereby reducing the vibration and wear of the bushing and extending its service life.

[0021] 4. The gear mechanism design enables multi-gear switching to adapt to different operational needs; gear switching operation is simple, improving the applicability of agricultural machinery and user experience; the number of teeth of the transition teeth on the gear shaft and the gear teeth that transmit power backward is the same, so that the speed ratio of the transmission paths on the left and right sides is the same, ensuring that the speed of the left and right output half shafts is consistent.

[0022] 6. The reverse transmission mechanism is combined with the forward transmission path. The switching between forward and reverse rotation can be achieved by controlling the alternating engagement of the electromagnetic clutches on the same side, which simplifies the operation process and improves the ease of use. It provides a variety of implementation schemes for the reverse transmission mechanism, which significantly improves the performance and application value of the gearbox transmission system. It can adapt to different mechanical structure requirements and application scenarios and meet the needs of agricultural machinery under different working conditions.

[0023] 7. The shared transmission mechanism simplifies the overall structure, reduces the number of parts required in the forward and reverse rotation paths, lowers the complexity of design and manufacturing, and saves space and manufacturing costs. In addition, the shared transmission mechanism also reduces energy loss in the power transmission process, improves transmission efficiency, and ensures more efficient power transmission in both forward and reverse rotation.

[0024] 8. Offers both chain and bevel gear drive options, allowing for flexible adaptation to different working environments and needs.

[0025] 9. The installation of control unit, remote transmitter and receiver provides a reliable technical foundation for remote and unmanned operation of agricultural machinery, while significantly enhancing operational safety and reducing the risk of failure; the interlock circuit design effectively avoids simultaneous engagement of electromagnetic clutches on the same side, preventing gear damage and further improving the reliability and service life of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the agricultural machinery gearbox.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the agricultural machinery gearbox.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of embodiment 3 of the agricultural machinery gearbox.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 1 of this agricultural machine.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of this agricultural machine.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. First gear shift gear; 2. Second gear shift gear; 3. Third gear shift gear; 4. First gear gear; 5. Second gear gear; 6. Third gear gear; 7. Transition gear; 8. First drive gear; 9. Third drive gear; 10. First output gear; 11. Third output gear; 12. First inner bearing housing; 13. Third inner bearing housing; 14. Second drive gear; 15. Fourth drive gear; 16. Second output gear; 17. Fourth output gear; 18. Second inner bearing housing; 19. Fourth inner bearing housing; 20. Left... 21. Right transition double-drive gear; 22. Left transition double-driven gear; 23. Right transition double-driven gear; 24. Left reduction double-drive gear; 25. Right reduction double-drive gear; 26. Left reduction double-driven gear; 27. Right reduction double-driven gear; 28. Left half-shaft gear; 29. ​​Right half-shaft gear; 30. Gearbox input pulley; 31. Housing; 32. Power input shaft; 33. Gear shift shaft; 34. First electromagnetic clutch; 34A. First drive unit; 34B. First driven unit; 35. First external spline bushing; 36. 37. First clutch shaft; 37. Second electromagnetic clutch; 37A. Second driving part; 37B. Second driven part; 38. Second external spline bushing; 39. Second clutch shaft; 40. Transition shaft; 41. First reduction shaft; 42. Left output half shaft; 43. Right output half shaft; 44. Second reduction shaft; 45. Fourth external spline bushing; 46. Fourth electromagnetic clutch; 46A. Fourth driving part; 46B. Fourth driven part; 47. Third external spline bushing; 48. Third electromagnetic clutch; 48A. Third driving part; 48B. Third driven part; 4 9. First reverse gear; 50. Second reverse gear; 51. Reverse shaft; 52. Third reverse gear; 53. Fourth reverse gear; 54. Frame; 55. Left front drive wheel; 56. Left rear drive wheel; 57. Sprocket; 58. Chain; 59. Coupling; 60. Gearbox; 61. Gearbox output pulley; 62. Power unit output pulley; 63. Power unit; 64. Right front drive wheel; 65. Right rear drive wheel; 66. Rear rotary tiller pulley; 67. Rear rotary tiller; 68. Rear rotary tiller blades; 69. Bevel gear transmission box; 70. Connecting shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0032] This utility model discloses an agricultural machinery gearbox with a simple structure and flexible control. It can flexibly switch between multiple operating modes through precise control of electromagnetic clutches, meeting the power transmission and steering control needs of agricultural machinery under different working conditions. The gearbox mainly includes a power input shaft and two output half-shafts. The power input shaft is connected to the two output half-shafts via two transmission routes. The agricultural machinery transmission device consists of a three-stage functional mechanism: the first stage is a shifting mechanism, i.e., a variable reduction ratio transmission stage; the second stage is a steering control mechanism, in which the left and right power transmission routes each branch into forward and reverse transmission lines; the third stage is an output mechanism, i.e., a fixed reduction ratio transmission stage. The steering control mechanism has at least two electromagnetic clutches on the transmission route of one output half-shaft. The driving part of each electromagnetic clutch is rigidly connected to a driving gear that meshes with the preceding gear. The driving gear rotates concentrically around the clutch shaft through bearings, bushings, or direct sliding engagement; while the driven part of the electromagnetic clutch moves synchronously with the bushing rotating around the clutch shaft, making the electromagnetic clutch more flexible in controlling the output half-shaft to rotate forward, reverse, or stop. Each shaft sleeve is statically connected to an output gear, which meshes with the corresponding subsequent gear to ultimately drive the corresponding output half-shaft. By precisely controlling the on / off state of the electromagnetic clutch on each output half-shaft transmission path, the start and stop of each output gear can be independently controlled. The output gears independently control the two output half-shafts to achieve forward rotation, reverse rotation, or stop, ultimately controlling the entire machine to achieve various motion states. It is worth mentioning that the gearbox housing can adopt an integrated design, integrating the left and right transmission paths into one housing to simplify the structure and improve overall rigidity; alternatively, depending on actual needs, the two transmission paths can be set in two separate housings for ease of maintenance and modular design.

[0033] Preferably, the agricultural machinery gearbox of this invention is equipped with four electromagnetic clutches. Two electromagnetic clutches are installed on the transmission routes of each of the two output half-shafts to independently control the forward, reverse, or stop states of the corresponding output half-shafts. Two electromagnetic clutches are symmetrically installed on each clutch shaft to enhance the stability and control flexibility of the system. One end of the bushing is supported by a bearing between it and the gearbox housing, and the other end is supported by a bearing between it and the inner bearing seat. The inner bearing seat is statically connected to the clutch shaft to ensure stable rotation of the bushing. Gear shifting teeth are installed on the power input shaft. The gear shifting teeth slide axially to select and engage with the gear teeth on the gear shaft to achieve gear switching. Transition teeth are also installed on the gear shaft. The gear teeth and transition teeth are respectively connected to the corresponding driving gear to achieve power transmission. The number of teeth of the transition teeth is the same as that of the gear teeth that transmit power backward, ensuring the consistency of the transmission ratio. The bushing is an external spline bushing. The internal spline bushing of the electromagnetic clutch driven part is fitted onto the external spline bushing to ensure synchronous rotation of both. The driving part and driving gear of the electromagnetic clutch are fastened together. The driving gear and the outer splined bushing are connected by a support bearing, bushing, or direct sliding fit. The electromagnetic clutch in the following embodiment is a commercially available product with its own bearing. The electromagnet part of the electromagnetic clutch is supported by the bearing between its own splined shaft and the outer splined bushing, ensuring that the electromagnet part, which is statically connected to the gearbox body, is motion-isolated from the rotating driven part. The clutch shaft is a splined shaft. The driving and driven parts of the electromagnetic clutch are not connected when not energized. The driving gear rotates freely around the outer splined bushing (without load). Only when the electromagnetic coil of the electromagnetic clutch is energized will the driving and driven parts engage. The friction surfaces generate friction under the engagement pressure to transmit torque.

[0034] It is worth mentioning that each output half-shaft is equipped with a reverse transmission mechanism on its reverse transmission path to transmit power and make the output half-shaft rotate in the opposite direction. The forward and reverse transmission paths are separated by an odd number of gear transmission stages, ensuring that the forward and reverse rotation directions of the output half-shaft are opposite. The reversing transmission mechanism can be any of the following or other mechanisms with the same reversing principle: 1. The driving gear of the electromagnetic clutch located at the front stage on each transmission route serves as the reversing transmission mechanism, see Embodiment 1 of the agricultural machinery gearbox, where the two driving gears on the same side mesh with each other; 2. A reversing gear is added between the transition gear or the gear tooth that transmits power backward on the same side and the driving gear, and the reversing gear and reversing shaft serve as the reversing transmission mechanism, see Embodiment 2 of the agricultural machinery gearbox, where the two driving gears on the same side do not mesh with each other, and the added reversing gear meshes between the driving gear of the reversing route and the gear tooth or transition gear that transmits power backward, thus achieving the reversing effect; 3. A multi-stage double-tooth arrangement is provided between the electromagnetic clutch and the output half-shaft on the same side, where the two driving gears on the same side do not mesh with each other, and a reversing gear is added between the driving tooth of the first stage double-tooth arrangement and the output gear, and the reversing gear and reversing shaft serve as the reversing transmission mechanism, see Embodiment 3 of the agricultural machinery gearbox. The multi-stage double gear includes transition double gear and reduction double gear. The transition double gear meshes with the output gear and the reduction double gear respectively. The reduction double gear meshes with the half shaft gear, and the half shaft gear is statically connected to the output half shaft.

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0036] Example 1 of agricultural machinery gearbox

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the two output half-shafts of the agricultural machinery gearbox in this embodiment are the left output half-shaft 42 and the right output half-shaft 43. These two output half-shafts are connected to the power input shaft 32 through the transmission mechanism inside the gearbox to realize the distribution and transmission of power. The power input shaft 32 is provided inside the gearbox housing 31. One end of the power input shaft 32 is connected to the gearbox input pulley 30 for receiving external power input. The shifting mechanism of the agricultural machinery transmission device includes gear shift teeth, a gear shaft, and gear teeth. The gear shift teeth include a first gear shift tooth 1, a second gear shift tooth 2, and a third gear shift tooth 3. The gear shaft 33 is equipped with a first gear tooth 4, a second gear tooth 5, a third gear tooth 6, and a transition tooth 7 for realizing multi-gear transmission of power. The second gear tooth 5 and the transition tooth 7 have the same number of teeth to ensure that the speeds of the left output half-shaft 42 and the right output half-shaft 43 are consistent. During operation, the shift fork is used to move the corresponding gear shift teeth on the power input shaft 32, so that they mesh with a certain gear shift tooth on the gear shaft 33, thereby realizing gear switching.

[0038] The steering control mechanism of the transmission device for agricultural machinery includes four electromagnetic clutches, four clutch shafts, four driving gears, and four output gears. In this embodiment, the four electromagnetic clutches are installed as follows: A first electromagnetic clutch 34 and a third electromagnetic clutch 48 are mounted on the first clutch shaft 36. The first driving part 34A of the first electromagnetic clutch 34 is fastened to the first driving gear 8, and the first driven part 34B rotates synchronously with the first external splined bushing 35. The third driving part 48A of the third electromagnetic clutch 48 is fastened to the third driving gear 9, and the third driven part 48B rotates synchronously with the third external splined bushing 47. A second electromagnetic clutch 37 and a fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 are mounted on the second clutch shaft 39. The second driving part 37A of the second electromagnetic clutch 37 is fastened to the second driving gear 14, and the second driven part 37B rotates synchronously with the second external splined bushing 38. The fourth driving part 46A of the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 is fastened to the fourth driving gear 15, and the fourth driven part 46B rotates synchronously with the fourth external splined bushing 15. Each external spline bushing is connected to a corresponding output gear to ensure stable power transmission. Specifically, the first external spline bushing 35 is keyed to the first output gear 10, the second external spline bushing 38 is keyed to the second output gear 16, the third external spline bushing 47 is keyed to the third output gear 11, and the fourth external spline bushing 45 is keyed to the fourth output gear 17.

[0039] To ensure the stability and reliability of the bushings during rotation and to prevent interference between the two bushings on the same clutch shaft, an inner bearing housing is provided on the clutch shaft. One end of the bushing is supported by a bearing between it and the inner bearing housing, and the other end is supported by a bearing between it and the gearbox housing 31. Specifically, the first external spline bushing 35 is connected to the first inner bearing housing 12, the second external spline bushing 38 is connected to the second inner bearing housing 18, the third external spline bushing 47 is connected to the third inner bearing housing 13, and the fourth external spline bushing 45 is connected to the fourth inner bearing housing 19. The first inner bearing housing 12, the second inner bearing housing 18, the third inner bearing housing 13, and the fourth inner bearing housing 19 are statically connected to the corresponding first clutch shaft 36 and second clutch shaft 39, respectively, ensuring stable rotation of the bushings.

[0040] The gearbox also includes a transition shaft 40, a first reduction shaft 41, and a second reduction shaft 44. The transition shaft 40 is equipped with a left transition double gear consisting of a left transition double drive gear 20 and a left transition double driven gear 22, and a right transition double gear consisting of a right transition double drive gear 21 and a right transition double driven gear 23. The first reduction shaft 41 is equipped with a left reduction double gear consisting of a left reduction double drive gear 24 and a left reduction double driven gear 26; the second reduction shaft 44 is equipped with a right reduction double gear consisting of a right reduction double drive gear 25 and a right reduction double driven gear 27. The left reduction double driven gear 26 meshes with the left half-shaft gear 28, which is coaxially and statically connected to the left output half-shaft 42; the right reduction double driven gear 27 meshes with the right half-shaft gear 29, which is coaxially and statically connected to the right output half-shaft 43.

[0041] This embodiment, by precisely controlling the on / off state of four electromagnetic clutches (first electromagnetic clutch 34, second electromagnetic clutch 37, third electromagnetic clutch 48, and fourth electromagnetic clutch 46), can achieve multiple operating modes, including forward, reverse, turning, and 360-degree turning on the spot. The following is a combination of... Figure 1 The specific transmission routes and actions of each mode are explained in detail to better understand the flexibility and versatility of the gearbox in actual operation.

[0042] 1. Forward Mode: In forward mode, the appropriate gear is selected via the gear shifter, transmitting power to the gear shaft 33. The second gear 5 then engages with the corresponding drive gear, driving the drive gear of the electromagnetic clutch to rotate. This engages the first electromagnetic clutch 34 and the third electromagnetic clutch 48, while the second electromagnetic clutch 37 and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 remain disengaged. Power is then transmitted via the output gear to the subsequent gear, ultimately driving both the left and right output half-shafts 42 and 43 to rotate forward synchronously, thus achieving smooth forward movement of the entire machine. The following describes the specific transmission routes and actions of the left and right output half-shafts in this embodiment.

[0043] (1) Transmission route and action of the left output half-shaft 42 forward rotation:

[0044] Power is transmitted from the input pulley 30 of the gearbox to the power input shaft 32. Then, the gear is selected via the gear shift teeth, and power is transmitted to the gear shaft 33 via the corresponding gear teeth. Finally, the second gear 5 drives the first driving gear 8 to rotate. The first driving gear 8 is tightly connected to the first driving part 34A of the first electromagnetic clutch 34, so the first driving part 34A rotates synchronously with the first driving gear 8. When the first electromagnetic clutch 34 is energized and engaged, the first driving part 34A engages with the first driven part 34B, and power is transmitted to the first driven part 34B. The first driven part 34B rotates synchronously with the first external splined bushing 35, which drives the first output gear 10 to rotate. The first output gear 10 meshes with the left transition double driving gear 20, and power is sequentially transmitted to the left transition double driven gear 22, the left reduction double driving gear 24, and the left reduction double driven gear 26, ultimately driving the left half-shaft gear 28 to rotate, thereby causing the left output half-shaft 42 to rotate forward.

[0045] (2) Transmission route and action of right output half-shaft 43 forward rotation:

[0046] Power is also transmitted from the input pulley 30 of the gearbox to the power input shaft 32, and then the gear is selected by the gear shift teeth. Power is transmitted to the gear shaft 33 via the corresponding gear teeth, and then drives the third driving gear 9 to rotate through the transition teeth 7. The third driving gear 9 is tightly connected to the third driving part 48A of the third electromagnetic clutch 48, so the third driving part 48A rotates synchronously with the third driving gear 9. When the third electromagnetic clutch 48 is energized and engaged, the third driving part 48A engages with the third driven part 48B, and power is transmitted to the third driven part 48B. The third driven part 48B rotates synchronously with the third external spline bushing 47, and the third external spline bushing 47 drives the third output gear 11 to rotate. The third output gear 11 meshes with the right transition double driving tooth 21, and power is transmitted sequentially to the right transition double driven tooth 23, the right reduction double driving tooth 25, and the right reduction double driven tooth 27, finally driving the right half-shaft tooth 29 to rotate, thereby driving the right output half-shaft 43 to rotate forward.

[0047] 2. Reverse Mode: In this mode, the second electromagnetic clutch 37 and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 are engaged, while the first electromagnetic clutch 34 and the third electromagnetic clutch 48 are disengaged. The left output half-shaft 42 and the right output half-shaft 43 rotate backward synchronously, thus achieving the reverse movement of the entire machine. The following is the specific transmission route and operation for the reversal of the left and right output half-shafts in this embodiment.

[0048] (1) Reverse transmission route and action of left output half-shaft 42:

[0049] Power is transmitted from the input pulley 30 of the gearbox to the power input shaft 32. Then, the gear is selected via the gear shift teeth, and power is transmitted to the gear shaft 33 via the corresponding gear teeth. Finally, the second gear 5 drives the first drive gear 8 to rotate. The first drive gear 8 meshes with the second drive gear 14, which is securely connected to the second drive part 37A of the second electromagnetic clutch 37. Therefore, the second drive part 37A rotates synchronously with the second drive gear 14. When the second electromagnetic clutch 37 is energized and engaged, the second drive part 37A engages with the second driven part 37B, transmitting power to the second driven part 37B. The second driven part 37B rotates synchronously with the second external splined bushing 38, which in turn drives the second output gear 16 to rotate. The second output gear 16 meshes with the left transition double drive gear 20, and the power is transmitted sequentially to the left transition double driven gear 22, the left reduction double drive gear 24, and the left reduction double driven gear 26, which ultimately drives the left half shaft gear 28 to rotate, thereby causing the left output half shaft 42 to reverse.

[0050] (2) Reverse transmission route and action of right output half-shaft 43:

[0051] Power is also transmitted from the input pulley 30 of the gearbox to the power input shaft 32, and then the gear is selected by the gear shift teeth. Power is transmitted to the gear shaft 33 via the corresponding gear teeth, and then drives the third drive gear 9 to rotate through the transition teeth 7. The third drive gear 9 meshes with the fourth drive gear 15, and the fourth drive gear 15 is tightly connected to the fourth drive part 46A of the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46. Therefore, the fourth drive part 46A rotates synchronously with the fourth drive gear 15. When the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 is energized and engaged, the fourth drive part 46A engages with the fourth driven part 46B, and power is transmitted to the fourth driven part 46B. The fourth driven part 46B rotates synchronously with the fourth external spline bushing 45, and the fourth external spline bushing 45 drives the fourth output gear 17 to rotate. The fourth output gear 17 meshes with the right transition double drive gear 21, and the power is transmitted sequentially to the right transition double driven gear 23, the right reduction double drive gear 25, and the right reduction double driven gear 27, which ultimately drives the right half shaft gear 29 to rotate, thereby causing the right output half shaft 43 to reverse.

[0052] 3. Left Turn and Movement Steering Mode: In this mode, the first electromagnetic clutch 34 and the second electromagnetic clutch 37 on the left side are not engaged, and the left output half-shaft 42 is in a free state disconnected from the power source; the third electromagnetic clutch 48 is engaged, and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 is not engaged. Referring to the aforementioned "Right Output Half-Shaft 43 Forward Rotation Transmission Route and Action," the right output half-shaft 43 rotates forward. The entire machine uses the wheel on the left output half-shaft 42 as a fulcrum to achieve left turn and movement. This left turn and movement steering mode is suitable for scenarios requiring precise steering with small amplitude. However, because the wheel on the left output half-shaft 42 is in a free state, in tracked or four-wheel drive modes, due to the large contact area between the track or wheel and the ground, the wheel on the left output half-shaft 42 cannot provide driving force, resulting in a significant increase in steering resistance and making steering more difficult. Therefore, this mode is more suitable for use in low-resistance or soft ground conditions to achieve flexible small-range steering. The maneuvering mode is suitable for steering control of traditional two-wheel drive agricultural machinery, such as hand-held tractors, and can easily achieve turning on the spot using a single wheel as a fulcrum.

[0053] 4. Right Turn and Movement Steering Mode: In this mode, the third electromagnetic clutch 48 and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 on the right side are not engaged, and the right output half-shaft 43 is in a free state disconnected from the power source; the first electromagnetic clutch 34 on the left side is engaged, and the second electromagnetic clutch 37 is not engaged. Referring to the aforementioned "Forward Rotation Transmission Route and Action of Left Output Half-shaft 42", the left output half-shaft 42 rotates forward. The entire machine uses the wheel on the right output half-shaft 43 as a fulcrum to achieve right turn and movement. This right turn and movement steering mode is suitable for scenarios requiring precise steering with small amplitude. However, because the wheel on the right output half-shaft 43 is in a free state, in tracked or four-wheel drive modes, due to the large contact area between the track or wheel and the ground, the wheel on the right output half-shaft 43 cannot provide driving force, resulting in a significant increase in steering resistance and making steering more difficult. Therefore, this mode is also more suitable for use in low-resistance or soft ground conditions to achieve flexible small-range steering. The maneuvering mode is suitable for steering control of traditional two-wheel drive agricultural machinery, such as hand-held tractors, and can easily achieve turning on the spot using a single wheel as a fulcrum.

[0054] 5. Left-hand 360-degree stationary turning mode: In this mode, the second electromagnetic clutch 37 on the left and the third electromagnetic clutch 48 on the right engage. The left transmission route follows the previously described "reverse transmission route and action of the left output half-shaft 42," with the left output half-shaft 42 rotating backward; the right transmission route follows the previously described "forward transmission route and action of the right output half-shaft 43," with the right output half-shaft 43 rotating forward. Because the left and right output half-shafts rotate in opposite directions, the entire machine achieves a 360-degree left-hand rotation on the spot. This steering mode provides a very small turning radius and low steering resistance, making it particularly suitable for tracked or four-wheel-drive agricultural machinery. In tracked drive mode, the opposing movements of the left and right tracks effectively disperse steering resistance, resulting in excellent steering performance. This mode is ideal for use in confined spaces or in work scenarios requiring high-precision steering.

[0055] 6. Right-hand 360-degree on-the-spot turning mode: In this mode, the first electromagnetic clutch 34 on the left and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 on the right engage. The left transmission route follows the previously described "forward rotation transmission route and action of the left output half-shaft 42," with the left output half-shaft 42 rotating forward; the right transmission route follows the previously described "reverse rotation transmission route and action of the right output half-shaft 43," with the right output half-shaft 43 rotating backward. Because the left and right output half-shafts rotate in opposite directions, the entire machine achieves a 360-degree right-hand rotation on the spot. This steering method achieves a very small turning radius and low steering resistance, making it particularly suitable for tracked or four-wheel-drive agricultural machinery. In tracked drive mode, the opposing movements of the left and right tracks effectively disperse steering resistance, resulting in excellent steering performance. This mode is ideal for use in confined spaces or in work scenarios requiring high-precision steering. Due to the track or four-wheel support, the machine has good stability and is less prone to tipping over, making it suitable for upgrading agricultural machinery to remote-controlled or unmanned operation.

[0056] Example 2 of agricultural machinery gearbox

[0057] like Figure 2As shown, the agricultural machinery gearbox in this embodiment further optimizes the transmission route, enhancing its adaptability and flexibility in different operating modes. Specifically, a reversing shaft 51 is added inside the gearbox. A first reversing gear 49 and a second reversing gear 50 are mounted on this shaft. The first and second reversing gears 49 and 50 can rotate independently around the reversing shaft 51, and they are supported by bearings, sliding sleeves, or directly sliding with the shaft. The first reversing gear 49 simultaneously meshes with the second gear 5 and the second drive gear 14, while the second reversing gear 50 simultaneously meshes with the transition gear 7 and the fourth drive gear 15. This further optimizes the power transmission route, reduces power loss, and improves transmission efficiency. The other structures in this embodiment are the same as in embodiment 1 of the agricultural machinery gearbox. By adding a reversing shaft and reversing gears, with the reversing gears specifically designed for reversing transmission, this embodiment avoids the additional wear associated with sharing gears for both forward and reverse rotation, extends gear life, and improves system reliability.

[0058] The following is combined with Figure 2 This embodiment details the specific transmission routes and actions for forward, reverse, turning, and 360-degree turning modes.

[0059] 1. Forward mode: In forward mode, the first electromagnetic clutch 34 and the third electromagnetic clutch 48 are engaged, while the second electromagnetic clutch 37 and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 are not engaged. The left output half shaft 42 and the right output half shaft 43 both rotate forward, thereby realizing the forward movement of the whole machine.

[0060] The newly added structure in this embodiment plays an important role in the reverse mode, but does not participate in power transmission in the forward mode. Therefore, the forward rotation transmission route of the left output half-shaft 42 and the right output half-shaft 43 in the forward mode is the same as that in the agricultural machinery gearbox embodiment 1.

[0061] 2. Reverse Mode: In this mode, the second electromagnetic clutch 37 and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 are engaged, while the first electromagnetic clutch 34 and the third electromagnetic clutch 48 are disengaged. The left output half-shaft 42 and the right output half-shaft 43 rotate backward synchronously, thereby realizing the reverse movement of the entire machine. The following is the specific transmission route and operation of the left and right output half-shafts reversing in this embodiment.

[0062] (1) Reverse transmission route and action of left output half-shaft 42:

[0063] Power is transmitted from the input pulley 30 of the gearbox to the power input shaft 32. Then, the gear is selected via the gear shift teeth, and power is transmitted to the gear shaft 33 via the corresponding gear teeth. Finally, the second gear teeth 5 drive the first reverse gear 49 to rotate. The first reverse gear 49 meshes with the second driving gear 14, driving the second driving gear 14 to rotate. The second driving gear 14 is securely connected to the second driving part 37A of the second electromagnetic clutch 37, so the second driving part 37A rotates synchronously with the second driving gear 14. When the second electromagnetic clutch 37 is energized and engaged, the second driving part 37A engages with the second driven part 37B, transmitting power to the second driven part 37B. The second driven part 37B rotates synchronously with the second external splined bushing 38, which drives the second output gear 16 to rotate. The second output gear 16 meshes with the left transition double drive gear 20, and the power is transmitted sequentially to the left transition double driven gear 22, the left reduction double drive gear 24, and the left reduction double driven gear 26, which ultimately drives the left half shaft gear 28 to rotate, thereby causing the left output half shaft 42 to reverse.

[0064] (2) Reverse transmission route and action of right output half-shaft 43:

[0065] Power is also transmitted from the input pulley 30 of the gearbox to the power input shaft 32, and then the gear is selected by the gear shift teeth. Power is transmitted to the gear shaft 33 via the corresponding gear teeth, and then drives the second reverse gear 50 to rotate through the transition teeth 7. The second reverse gear 50 meshes with the fourth driving gear 15, driving the fourth driving gear 15 to rotate. The fourth driving gear 15 is tightly connected to the fourth driving part 46A of the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46, so the fourth driving part 46A rotates synchronously with the fourth driving gear 15. When the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 is energized and engaged, the fourth driving part 46A engages with the fourth driven part 46B, and power is transmitted to the fourth driven part 46B. The fourth driven part 46B rotates synchronously with the fourth external splined bushing 45, and the fourth external splined bushing 45 drives the fourth output gear 17 to rotate. The fourth output gear 17 meshes with the right transition double drive gear 21, and the power is transmitted sequentially to the right transition double driven gear 23, the right reduction double drive gear 25, and the right reduction double driven gear 27, which ultimately drives the right half shaft gear 29 to rotate, thereby causing the right output half shaft 43 to reverse.

[0066] 3. Left turn steering mode, right turn steering mode, left 360-degree stationary steering mode, right 360-degree stationary steering mode: The newly added reversing shaft and its gear structure do not participate in power transmission in the above four modes. Therefore, the transmission routes of these four modes are consistent with those of Agricultural Machinery Gearbox Embodiment 1. Specific transmission routes can be found in Agricultural Machinery Gearbox Embodiment 1.

[0067] Example 3 of agricultural machinery gearbox

[0068] like Figure 3 As shown, the reversing shaft 51 in this embodiment of the agricultural machinery gearbox eliminates the first reversing gear 49 and the second reversing gear 50 in the above-mentioned agricultural machinery gearbox embodiment 2. The reversing shaft 51 is equipped with a third reversing gear 52 and a fourth reversing gear 53. These two gears rotate independently around the reversing shaft 51, and they are supported by bearings, sliding sleeves, or directly sliding with the reversing shaft 51. In this embodiment, the first driving gear 8 and the second driving gear 14 on the left side do not mesh directly, but they mesh with the second gear 5 respectively; the first output gear 10 on the left side meshes with the third reversing gear 52, and the third reversing gear 52 meshes with the left transition double driving gear 20; the second output gear on the left side directly meshes with the left transition double driving gear 20. The third driving gear 9 and the fourth driving gear 15 on the right side do not mesh directly, but they mesh with the transition gear 7 respectively; the third output gear 11 on the right side meshes with the fourth reversing gear 53, and the fourth reversing gear 53 meshes with the right transition double driving gear 21; the fourth output gear 17 on the right side directly meshes with the right transition double driving gear 21. The other structures are the same as those in Example 2 of the agricultural machinery gearbox.

[0069] The following is combined with Figure 3 This embodiment details the specific transmission routes and actions for forward, reverse, turning, and 360-degree turning modes.

[0070] 1. Forward Mode: In forward mode, the second electromagnetic clutch 37 and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 are engaged, while the first electromagnetic clutch 34 and the third electromagnetic clutch 48 are not engaged. Power is transmitted to the subsequent gear via the output gear, ultimately driving the left output half-shaft 42 and the right output half-shaft 43 to rotate forward synchronously, thus achieving smooth forward movement of the entire machine. The following is the specific transmission route and operation of the left and right output half-shafts rotating in the forward direction in this embodiment.

[0071] (1) Transmission route and action of the left output half-shaft 42 forward rotation:

[0072] Power is transmitted from the input pulley 30 of the gearbox to the power input shaft 32. Then, the gear is selected via the gear shift teeth, and power is transmitted to the gear shaft 33 via the corresponding gear teeth. The second gear 5 then drives the second drive gear 14 to rotate. The second drive gear 14 is tightly connected to the second drive part 37A of the second electromagnetic clutch 37, so the second drive part 37A rotates synchronously with the second drive gear 14. When the second electromagnetic clutch 37 is energized and engaged, the second drive part 37A engages with the second driven part 37B, and power is transmitted to the second driven part 37B. The second driven part 37B rotates synchronously with the second external spline bushing 38, which drives the second output gear 16 to rotate. The second output gear 16 meshes with the left transition double drive gear 20, and power is sequentially transmitted to the left transition double driven gear 22, the left reduction double drive gear 24, and the left reduction double driven gear 26, ultimately driving the left half-shaft gear 28 to rotate, thereby causing the left output half-shaft 42 to rotate forward.

[0073] (2) Transmission route and action of right output half-shaft 43 forward rotation:

[0074] Power is also transmitted from the input pulley 30 of the gearbox to the power input shaft 32, and then the gear is selected by the gear shift teeth. Power is transmitted to the gear shaft 33 via the corresponding gear teeth, and then drives the fourth drive gear 15 to rotate through the transition teeth 7. The fourth drive gear 15 is tightly connected to the fourth drive part 46A of the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46, so the fourth drive part 46A rotates synchronously with the fourth drive gear 15. When the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 is energized and engaged, the fourth drive part 46A engages with the fourth driven part 46B, and power is transmitted to the fourth driven part 46B. The fourth driven part 46B rotates synchronously with the fourth external spline bushing 45, and the fourth external spline bushing 45 drives the fourth output gear 17 to rotate. The fourth output gear 17 meshes with the right transition double drive tooth 21, and power is transmitted sequentially to the right transition double driven tooth 23, the right reduction double drive tooth 25, and the right reduction double driven tooth 27, finally driving the right half-shaft tooth 29 to rotate, thereby driving the right output half-shaft 43 to rotate forward.

[0075] 2. Reverse Mode: In this mode, the first electromagnetic clutch 34 and the third electromagnetic clutch 48 are engaged, while the second electromagnetic clutch 37 and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 are disengaged. The left output half-shaft 42 and the right output half-shaft 43 rotate synchronously backward, thus achieving the reverse movement of the entire machine. The following is the specific transmission route and operation for the reversal of the left and right output half-shafts in this embodiment.

[0076] (1) Reverse transmission route and action of left output half-shaft 42:

[0077] Power is transmitted from the input pulley 30 of the gearbox to the power input shaft 32. Then, the gear is selected via the gear shift teeth, and power is transmitted to the gear shaft 33 via the corresponding gear teeth. Finally, the second gear 5 drives the first driving gear 8 to rotate. The first driving gear 8 is tightly connected to the first driving part 34A of the first electromagnetic clutch 34, so the first driving part 34A rotates synchronously with the first driving gear 8. When the first electromagnetic clutch 34 is energized and engaged, the first driving part 34A engages with the first driven part 34B, and power is transmitted to the first driven part 34B. The first driven part 34B rotates synchronously with the first external splined bushing 35, which drives the first output gear 10 to rotate. The first output gear 10 meshes with the third reverse gear 52, and power is sequentially transmitted to the left transition double driving gear 20, the left transition double driven gear 22, the left reduction double driving gear 24, and the left reduction double driven gear 26, ultimately driving the left half-shaft gear 28 to rotate, thereby causing the left output half-shaft 42 to reverse.

[0078] (2) Reverse transmission route and action of right output half-shaft 43:

[0079] Power is also transmitted from the input pulley 30 of the gearbox to the power input shaft 32, and then the gear is selected by the gear shift teeth. Power is transmitted to the gear shaft 33 via the corresponding gear teeth, and then drives the third driving gear 9 to rotate through the transition teeth 7. The third driving gear 9 is tightly connected to the third driving part 48A of the third electromagnetic clutch 48, so the third driving part 48A rotates synchronously with the third driving gear 9. When the third electromagnetic clutch 48 is energized and engaged, the third driving part 48A engages with the third driven part 48B, and power is transmitted to the third driven part 48B. The third driven part 48B rotates synchronously with the third external spline bushing 47, and the third external spline bushing 47 drives the third output gear 11 to rotate. The third output gear 11 meshes with the fourth reverse gear 53, and power is transmitted sequentially to the right transition double driving gear 21, the right transition double driven gear 23, the right reduction double driving gear 25, and the right reduction double driven gear 27, finally driving the right half-shaft gear 29 to rotate, thereby driving the right output half-shaft 43 to reverse.

[0080] 3. Left Turn and Movement Mode: In this mode, the first electromagnetic clutch 34 and the second electromagnetic clutch 37 on the left side are not engaged, and the left output half-shaft 42 is in a free state with the meshing teeth not engaged; the third electromagnetic clutch 48 on the right side is not engaged, and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 is engaged. Referring to the "forward rotation transmission route and action of the right output half-shaft 43" described above in this embodiment, the right output half-shaft 43 rotates in the forward direction. The entire machine uses the wheel on the left output half-shaft 42 as a fulcrum to achieve left turn and movement.

[0081] 4. Right Turn Movement Mode: In this mode, the third electromagnetic clutch 48 and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 on the right side are not engaged, and the right output half-shaft 43 is in a free state with the meshing teeth not engaged; the first electromagnetic clutch 34 on the left side is not engaged, and the second electromagnetic clutch 37 is engaged. Referring to the "Forward Rotation Transmission Route and Action of Left Output Half-Shaft 42" described above in this embodiment, the left output half-shaft 42 rotates in the forward direction. The entire machine uses the wheel on the right output half-shaft 43 as a fulcrum to achieve right turn movement.

[0082] 5. Left-direction 360-degree rotation mode: In this mode, the first electromagnetic clutch 34 on the left and the fourth electromagnetic clutch 46 on the right are engaged. The left transmission route refers to the "reverse transmission route and action of the left output half-shaft 42" described in this embodiment, and the left output half-shaft 42 rotates backward; the right transmission route refers to the "forward transmission route and action of the right output half-shaft 43" described in this embodiment, and the right output half-shaft 43 rotates forward. Since the left and right output half-shafts rotate in opposite directions, the entire machine achieves a 360-degree left-direction rotation on the spot.

[0083] 6. Right-hand 360-degree rotation mode: In this mode, the second electromagnetic clutch 37 on the left and the third electromagnetic clutch 48 on the right are engaged. The left transmission route refers to the "forward rotation transmission route and action of the left output half-shaft 42" described above in this embodiment, with the left output half-shaft 42 rotating forward; the right transmission route refers to the "reverse rotation transmission route and action of the right output half-shaft 43" described above, with the right output half-shaft 43 rotating backward. Since the left and right output half-shafts rotate in opposite directions, the entire machine achieves a 360-degree right-hand rotation on the spot.

[0084] Agricultural machinery Example 1

[0085] Figure 4 The agricultural machine shown uses a gearbox 60, which employs any of the aforementioned agricultural machinery gearboxes. Combined with a power transmission and control system, it achieves efficient power transmission and flexible operation control, meeting the diverse needs of modern agricultural machinery. The agricultural machine in this embodiment mainly includes a frame 54, a power unit 63, a gearbox 60, drive wheels, transmission components, a rear rotary tiller, and a control system. The power unit 63 transmits power to the gearbox 60 via a power unit output pulley 62, a V-belt, and a gearbox input pulley 30. The left and right output half-shafts of the gearbox 60 output torque to the left front drive wheel 55 and right front drive wheel 64 respectively via couplings 59. To ensure the continuity and stability of power transmission, sprockets 57 and chains 58 are installed on the axles of the left front drive wheel 55 and left rear drive wheel 56 for transmission. Similarly, the right front drive wheel 64 and right rear drive wheel 65 are also driven via sprockets 57 and chains 58.

[0086] In addition, the agricultural machine is equipped with a rear rotary tiller to meet tillage needs. Based on the power transmission described above, the output pulley 61 of the gearbox 60, connected to the gearbox 60, transmits power to the rear rotary tiller 67 via a V-belt and the rear rotary tiller pulley 66. Rotary tillage blades 68 or rotary wheels are mounted on the output shaft of the rear rotary tiller 67 for high-speed rotation to loosen the soil. This not only improves tillage efficiency but also enhances the versatility of the entire machine.

[0087] To achieve flexible operation control, the left output half-shaft 42 and right output half-shaft 43 of the gearbox 60 are controlled by electromagnetic clutches, enabling combined or individual movements. By controlling the on / off state of the electromagnetic clutches, the machine can perform operations such as forward rotation, reverse rotation, left and right turning, stationary rotation, and rotation of the rear rotary tillage blades. The control of the electromagnetic clutches is achieved by a control unit, whose output is connected to the electromagnetic coil of the electromagnetic clutch, and whose input is connected to the output of a receiver. The receiver communicates with a remote control transmitter via wireless signals, thereby achieving remote control of the entire machine. In addition, the control unit is equipped with an interlock circuit, whose input is connected to the signal processing module of the control unit, and whose output is connected to the electromagnetic coil of the electromagnetic clutch on the same side, for precisely controlling the on / off state of the electromagnetic clutch on the same side, ensuring operational stability and safety. The control unit can use PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) or microcontroller, etc., to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0088] Agricultural machinery Example 2

[0089] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the front and rear drive wheels on the same side of the agricultural machine are driven by two bevel gear transmission boxes 69 and a connecting shaft 70, which prevents the chain from being corroded by mud and water. The remaining features are the same as those in agricultural machine embodiment 1.

[0090] This invention employs multiple electromagnetic clutches in conjunction with a clutch shaft and gear transmission route, featuring flexible steering and precise motion control, making it particularly suitable for four-wheel drive agricultural machinery. In paddy field operations, this gearbox effectively prevents the machinery from getting stuck, requires a small turning radius, and can achieve 360-degree turning on the spot, significantly improving operational efficiency. For paddy fields in hilly areas of southern China, especially those with irregular plots or small areas, the advantages of this invention are particularly prominent. Its flexible control performance and adaptability can meet the operational needs of complex terrain, greatly improving the practicality and operational effectiveness of agricultural machinery.

Claims

1. An agricultural machinery gearbox, comprising a power input shaft and two output half-shafts, wherein the power input shaft is respectively connected to the corresponding output half-shafts via different transmission routes, characterized in that: Two electromagnetic clutches for controlling the forward, reverse, or stop rotation of the output half-shaft are installed on the transmission path of at least one of the output half-shafts. The two electromagnetic clutches are respectively disposed on a clutch shaft, and a bushing rotating around the clutch shaft is disposed between each electromagnetic clutch and the clutch shaft. The driving part of each electromagnetic clutch is fastened to a driving gear that meshes with the front gear, and the driven part moves synchronously with the bushing. Each bushing is statically connected to an output gear. The on / off state of the two electromagnetic clutches on each side is controlled so that the two output gears on that side alternately output torque to the rear gear, and the rear gear drives the corresponding output half-shaft.

2. The agricultural machinery gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that: It has four electromagnetic clutches and two clutch shafts. Two electromagnetic clutches are provided on the transmission routes of the two output half shafts to control the forward rotation, reverse rotation or stop of the corresponding output half shafts respectively. Two electromagnetic clutches are symmetrically installed on each clutch shaft.

3. The agricultural machinery gearbox according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the bushing is supported by a bearing between itself and the housing, and the other end is supported by a bearing between itself and the inner bearing seat. The inner bearing seat is statically connected to the clutch shaft.

4. The agricultural machinery gearbox according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power input shaft is equipped with gear shifting teeth, which slide axially to select and engage multiple gear shifting teeth on the gear shifting shaft. The gear shifting shaft is also equipped with transition teeth, and the gear shifting teeth and the transition teeth are respectively connected to the corresponding drive gear. The number of teeth of the transition teeth is the same as that of the gear shifting teeth that transmit power backward.

5. The agricultural machinery gearbox according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the output half-shafts is provided with a reverse transmission mechanism on its reverse transmission path to transmit power and cause the output half-shaft to rotate in the opposite direction.

6. The agricultural machinery gearbox according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reversing transmission mechanism is any one of the following: The driving gear of the electromagnetic clutch located at the front stage on each of the aforementioned transmission routes serves as the reversing transmission mechanism; A reverse gear is added between the transition tooth or the gear tooth that transmits power backward and the driving gear on the same side. The reverse gear and the reverse shaft serve as the reverse transmission mechanism. A multi-stage double gear is provided between the electromagnetic clutch and the output half-shaft on the same side. A reverse gear is added between the driving tooth of the first-stage double gear and the output gear. The reverse gear and the reverse shaft serve as the reverse transmission mechanism.

7. The agricultural machinery gearbox according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism from the first-stage double gear to the corresponding output half-shaft is a shared part of the forward and reverse transmission routes on the same side.

8. An agricultural machine, including a gearbox, characterized in that: The gearbox is the agricultural machinery gearbox according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The agricultural machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The output half-shaft is connected to the drive wheel via a coupling, and the drive wheel is connected via a chain or bevel gear transmission box.

10. The agricultural machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: The on / off state of the electromagnetic clutch is controlled by a control unit. The output terminal of the control unit is connected to the electromagnetic coil of the electromagnetic clutch, and the input terminal of the control unit is connected to the output terminal of a receiver. The receiver is connected to a remote control transmitter via a wireless signal. The control unit also includes an interlock circuit. The input terminal of the interlock circuit is connected to the signal processing module of the control unit, and the output terminal of the interlock circuit is connected to the electromagnetic coil of the electromagnetic clutch on the same side.

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