Laminated photovoltaic module and power supply system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, and discloses a laminated photovoltaic assembly and a power supply system. The laminated photovoltaic module comprises a top battery and a bottom battery; the top cell comprises a light-transmitting electrode layer, the electrode layer is arranged on one side, facing the bottom cell, of the top cell, a transparent insulating layer is arranged between the top cell and the bottom cell, a metal gate layer is arranged on one side, facing the bottom cell, of the electrode layer, and the metal gate layer is clamped between the electrode layer and the transparent insulating layer. According to the laminated photovoltaic module of the utility model, the metal gate layer is arranged between the top cell and the bottom cell, and based on the good conductivity and confluence effect of the metal gate layer, the working efficiency of the laminated photovoltaic module can be greatly improved, and the process difficulty can be reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of battery, concretely relates to laminated photovoltaic module and power supply system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the related art, for the mechanical stacking mode in the laminated assembly, the back electrode of the top cell is one of the key factors to improve the efficiency of the laminated cell because it needs to consider both low resistance and high transmittance. The conventional back electrode of the top cell generally uses a light-transmitting conductive material, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), etc. However, the resistivity of these transparent oxide electrodes is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of metal electrodes, so the thickness generally needs to be sub-micron to reduce electrical loss. But this thickness requires a higher energy for laser scribing and causes greater heat loss to the surrounding film layers, and it also accelerates the reduction of the service life of the laser. In addition, even if the thickness is sub-micron, the corresponding electrical loss is still as high as 3%, which is still much higher than the electrical loss of 0.2% of the metal electrode. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the utility model provides a laminated photovoltaic module and power supply system to solve the problems of high resistivity, high manufacturing difficulty and high cost in the prior art.

[0004] In a first aspect, the utility model provides a laminated photovoltaic module, comprising a top cell and a bottom cell.

[0005] The top cell comprises an electrode layer with light transmission, which is arranged on the side of the top cell facing the bottom cell. A transparent insulating layer is arranged between the top cell and the bottom cell. A metal grid layer is arranged on the side of the electrode layer facing the bottom cell, and the metal grid layer is sandwiched between the electrode layer and the transparent insulating layer.

[0006] The laminated photovoltaic module of the utility model enhances the charge transport performance at the electrode layer by arranging a metal grid layer, thereby reducing the heat loss and electrical loss at the electrode layer and reducing the thickness requirement of the electrode layer for charge transport. Since the electrode layer can be made thinner, the laser processing difficulty related to the electrode layer can be reduced. Arranging a metal grid layer on the electrode of the top cell facing the bottom cell can greatly improve the working efficiency of the laminated photovoltaic module and reduce the process difficulty.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the metal grid layer comprises a metal main grid and a metal fine grid electrically connected to each other, and the metal main grid and the metal fine grid are both arranged on the side wall surface of the electrode layer facing the bottom cell and electrically connected to the electrode layer. The width of the metal main grid is greater than the width of the metal fine grid.

[0008] Beneficial effects: the utility model discloses a kind of laminated photovoltaic module, metal gate layer is set to the electrode of top cell towards bottom cell, and based on actual charge collection and conduction demand, metal fine grid and metal main grid are designed, while being able to realize good conductivity and confluence effect, reduce the occlusion of grid line to light, help to improve the working efficiency of laminated photovoltaic module.

[0009] In an alternative embodiment, the number of metal fine grids is at least two, and the number of metal fine grids is greater than or equal to the number of metal main grids, and the metal fine grids and the metal main grids are arranged to intersect each other to form a confluence point.

[0010] Beneficial effects: by increasing the number of metal fine grids and making it greater than or equal to the number of metal main grids, the extensive coverage and efficient collection of top cell surface current are ensured, and current loss is reduced. Moreover, the multiple confluence points enhance the electrical connection between the two, ensuring the stability and reliability of current transmission.

[0011] In an alternative embodiment, the metal fine grids are arranged in a first direction, and the metal main grids are arranged in a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0012] Beneficial effects: the above-mentioned grid-like structure arranged vertically provides an efficient current collection path, ensuring that the current can be quickly and uniformly transmitted to the main grid, and then led out by the main grid, reducing current loss. Moreover, the vertical arrangement of the metal fine grids and the main grid makes the current distribution more uniform, avoiding the problem of excessive local current density, and improving the overall current collection efficiency.

[0013] In an alternative embodiment, the adhesion between the metal grid layer and the transparent insulating layer is greater than the adhesion between the metal grid layer and the electrode layer.

[0014] Beneficial effects: when the top cell needs to be replaced, such as peeling off the top cell, the metal grid layer and the transparent insulating layer can be prevented from being separated, so that the metal grid layer can be reused.

[0015] In an alternative embodiment, the metal grid layer is at least partially embedded in the transparent insulating layer.

[0016] And / or, the transparent insulating layer is a film layer or a glass layer.

[0017] Beneficial effects: in this way, it helps to enhance the adhesion between the metal grid layer and the transparent insulating layer, and at the same time, it can improve the overall flatness of the metal grid layer and the transparent insulating layer to reduce the gap between the two and the electrode layer.

[0018] In an alternative embodiment, the width of the metal fine grid and the metal main grid ranges from 0.001 mm to 1 mm.

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the thickness of the metal grid layer ranges from 0.001 mm to 1 mm, and the resistivity ranges from 1.0 x 10 -8 Ω·m to 2.82 x 10 -8 Ω·m.

[0020] Beneficial effects: By reasonably setting the width and length ranges of the metal fine grid and the metal main grid, the efficiency of current collection and transmission is improved, and the light transmittance and optical performance are optimized.

[0021] In an alternative embodiment, the spacing between two adjacent metal fine grids ranges from 0.5 mm to 2 mm, the spacing between two adjacent metal main grids ranges from 0.5 mm to 42 mm, and / or the thickness of the electrode layer ranges from 300 nm to 1000 nm, and the resistivity ranges from 1 x 10 -6 Ω·m to 20 x 10 -6 Ω·m.

[0022] Beneficial effects: On the one hand, the size design of the fine grid ensures that the metal fine grid can be widely distributed on the surface of the top cell to maximize current collection, while maintaining appropriate spacing to reduce the shading of incident light. On the other hand, the larger spacing design allows the main grid to act as the main current collection channel, carrying higher current density and ensuring efficient current extraction, while reducing the occupation of the effective light irradiation area of the bottom cell surface.

[0023] In an alternative embodiment, in the direction towards the bottom cell, the top cell comprises a transparent conductive glass, a first charge transport layer, a thin film power generation functional layer, a second charge transport layer and the electrode layer which are sequentially stacked.

[0024] In an alternative embodiment, in the direction away from the top cell, the bottom cell comprises a crystalline silicon cell, an encapsulation adhesive film layer and a back glass which are sequentially stacked.

[0025] In a second aspect, the utility model also provides a power supply system, including the laminated photovoltaic module as described in the first aspect of the utility model.

[0026] Beneficial effects: The use of the laminated photovoltaic module helps to improve the power supply capacity of the power supply system and reduce the cost of the power supply system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the specific embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 Structure diagram of the laminated photovoltaic module of one embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 Structure diagram of the laminated photovoltaic module of another embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 Structure diagram of the metal gate of one embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 Structure diagram of the metal gate of another embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Explanation of reference signs:

[0033] 1, top cell; 11, transparent conductive glass; 12, first charge transport layer; 13, thin film power generation functional layer; 14, second charge transport layer; 15, electrode layer; 2, bottom cell; 21, transparent insulating layer; 22, crystalline silicon cell; 23, encapsulation adhesive film layer; 24, back glass; 3, metal gate; 31, metal fine gate; 32, metal main gate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of the utility model, it needs to be explained that, the orientation or position relation indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like is the orientation or position relation based on the drawings shown, and is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the utility model and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as the limitation on the embodiments of the utility model, which indicates or implies that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as the limitation on the embodiments of the utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the utility model, it needs to be explained that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] In the embodiments of the utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature can be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature "above", "above" and "above" of the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature "below", "below" and "below" of the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0038] The utility model discloses a kind of laminated photovoltaic modules and the power supply system with the laminated photovoltaic module according to the drawings are introduced below.

[0039] As Figures 1 to 4 Indicated, according to the laminated photovoltaic module of the first aspect embodiment of the utility model, including top cell 1 and bottom cell 2.

[0040] Top cell 1 includes electrode layer 15 with light transmission, electrode layer 15 is arranged at the side of top cell 1 towards bottom cell 2 and is stacked with bottom cell 2, and metal grid layer 3 is arranged between electrode layer 15 and bottom cell 2.

[0041] A transparent insulating layer 21 is arranged between the top cell 1 and the bottom cell 2, and the side of the electrode layer 15 facing the bottom cell 2 is provided with a metal grid layer 3, wherein the metal grid layer 3 is clamped between the electrode layer 15 and the transparent insulating layer 21. The transparent insulating layer 21 uses a transparent insulating material, which can be a transparent organic material, such as an organic adhesive film with adhesion, or a transparent inorganic material, such as glass.

[0042] The metal grid layer 3 includes a metal main grid 32 and a metal fine grid 31 that are electrically connected to each other, and both are arranged on the side wall surface of the electrode layer 15 facing the bottom cell 2 and are electrically connected to the electrode layer 15; wherein the width of the metal main grid 32 is greater than the width of the metal fine grid 31. Among them, the metal main grid 32 generally extends to the edge of the sub-cell, and can be electrically connected with other sub-cells together with the electrode layer 15, or can be electrically connected with the assembly bus structure together with the electrode layer 15.

[0043] The specific structure of the laminated photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of the present application is introduced as follows:

[0044] The top cell 1 contains a light-transmitting electrode layer 15, which is located on the side of the top cell 1 facing the bottom cell 2 (for example, the bottom of the top cell 1) and has high light transmission and good electrical conductivity. It not only allows sunlight to penetrate to the bottom cell 2 below, but also effectively collects current and transmits it to the metal grid layer 3. For example, the electrode layer 15 can be made of transparent conductive oxide (such as FTO, ITO or AZO).

[0045] The bottom cell 2 is located below the top cell 1 and is responsible for absorbing light of longer wavelengths and converting it into electrical energy. The bottom cell 2 can use crystalline silicon material to achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0046] The metal grid layer 3 is arranged between the light-transmitting electrode layer 15 and the bottom cell 2, and includes a metal main grid 32 and a metal fine grid 31 that are electrically connected to each other. These metal grid lines are directly located on the side wall surface of the electrode layer 15 facing the bottom cell 2 and are electrically connected thereto. The main function of the metal grid layer 3 is to serve as an efficient current collection path to effectively transmit the current generated by the top cell 1 to other top cells or the assembly bus structure.

[0047] Among them, the width of the metal main grid 32 is relatively large, mainly used for collecting and conducting the collected current.

[0048] The width of the metal fine grid 31 is relatively narrow, but the number is relatively large. The metal fine grid 31 is used to collect current from the surface of the top cell 1 and is connected to the metal main grid 32 through the bus point. The design purpose of the metal fine grid 31 is to minimize the shading of incident light while ensuring efficient collection of current.

[0049] Therefore, the metal fine grid 31 and the main grid jointly form a high-efficiency current transmission network, reduces current loss, and improves the energy output efficiency of the whole assembly. By reasonably designing the layout and size of the metal fine grid 31, the shielding of light is reduced as much as possible, and more photons can reach the thin film power generation functional layer 13, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The metal main grid 32 can enhance the mechanical strength of the assembly and help to protect the internal structure from the external environment.

[0050] Further, based on the above structure, the specific working principle of the laminated photovoltaic assembly of the utility model is as follows:

[0051] Taking the top cell 1 including the transparent conductive glass 11, the first charge transport layer 12, the thin film power generation functional layer 13, the second charge transport layer 14 and the electrode layer 15 which are stacked from top to bottom as an example, when the sunlight shines on the laminated photovoltaic assembly, the photons first penetrate the transparent conductive glass 11 and the first charge transport layer 12 of the top cell 1, reach the thin film power generation functional layer 13, and the photoelectric effect occurs here, and the generated electrons or holes are then transmitted to the light-transmitting electrode layer 15 by the second charge transport layer 14 and collected. The current can be transmitted not only in the electrode layer 15 but also through the metal grid layer 3, and since the metal grid layer has better conductivity, the current is mainly transmitted through the metal grid layer. The thickness of the electrode layer 15 can be appropriately reduced, so that the blocking of light by the electrode layer 15 can be reduced, and the bottom cell can receive more light for power generation. At the same time, the electrode layer 15 completely covers the film surface, so that the advantages of the electrode layer 15 in carrier extraction still exist even if it is thinned. And the existence of the metal grid layer 3 promotes the effective output of the current.

[0052] Therefore, in order to solve the technical defects existing in the related art, the utility model provides a laminated photovoltaic assembly, by setting the metal grid layer 3 between the top cell 1 and the bottom cell 2, and based on the good conductivity and current collection effect of the metal fine grid 31 and the metal main grid 32, the working efficiency of the laminated photovoltaic assembly can be greatly improved and the process difficulty can be reduced.

[0053] Further, the laminated photovoltaic assembly of the utility model has the following advantages compared with the related art:

[0054] (1) Reduce the electric loss and improve the efficiency: by introducing the metal main grid 32 and the metal fine grid 31, part of the traditional high resistivity transparent conductive oxide (such as ITO, FTO, AZO) is replaced, which significantly reduces the electric loss. The low resistivity (0.2% electric loss) of the metal material greatly reduces the energy loss in the current transmission process compared with the traditional material (3% electric loss), thereby improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0055] (2) Optimize manufacturing process and reduce difficulty: Since the metal grid lines can be directly set on the side wall of the transparent electrode layer 15 facing the bottom cell 2, it is not necessary to make the transparent conductive oxide to a submicron thickness, thereby reducing the energy requirements for laser scribing, reducing the heat loss of the surrounding film layer, and extending the service life of the laser.

[0056] (3) Enhanced mechanical stability and reliability: The metal main gate 32 not only provides stable mechanical support, but also ensures effective current collection and transmission. The above design enhances the overall stability of the component and reduces interface quality problems caused by increased manufacturing complexity.

[0057] (4) Improved optical performance: The design of the metal grid 31 can minimize the obstruction of incident light and ensure that more photons can penetrate into the thin film power generation functional layer 13, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0058] In summary, by optimizing the back electrode structure of the top battery 1, this utility model solves the problems of high resistivity, high manufacturing difficulty, and high cost in the prior art, and achieves higher efficiency, simpler manufacturing process, and better optical performance.

[0059] In one alternative embodiment, the adhesion between the metal gate layer 3 and the transparent insulating layer 21 is greater than the adhesion between the metal gate layer 3 and the electrode layer 15.

[0060] In this way, when the top battery 1 needs to be replaced, for example when the top battery 1 is peeled off, the metal grid layer 3 can remain attached to the transparent insulating layer 21, thereby enabling the metal grid layer 3 to be reused.

[0061] Furthermore, in an optional embodiment, the metal gate layer 3 is at least partially embedded in the transparent insulating layer 21; and / or, the transparent insulating layer 21 is an adhesive film layer or a glass layer.

[0062] This helps to enhance the adhesion between the metal gate layer 3 and the transparent insulating layer 21, while also improving the overall flatness of the metal gate layer 3 and the transparent insulating layer 21, thereby reducing the gap between them and the electrode layer 15.

[0063] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the number of metal fine grids 31 is at least two, and the number of metal fine grids 31 is greater than or equal to the number of metal main grids 32. The metal fine grids 31 and metal main grids 32 are arranged to intersect each other to form a convergence point.

[0064] In this embodiment, the metal fine grids 31 are used to collect the current generated on the surface of the top cell 1 and transmit it to the metal main grid 32. The metal main grid 32 serves as the main current collection channel to facilitate the transmission of current. The metal fine grids 31 and the metal main grid 32 are arranged in a cross manner to form a plurality of current collection points. These current collection points ensure reliable electrical connection between the metal fine grids 31 and the metal main grid 32, achieving efficient collection and transmission of current.

[0065] In this way, by increasing the number of metal fine grids 31 and making it greater than or equal to the number of metal main grids 32, the extensive coverage and efficient collection of the surface current of the top cell 1 are ensured, and the current loss is reduced. Moreover, the plurality of current collection points enhances the electrical connection between the two, ensuring the stability and reliability of current transmission.

[0066] In addition, the above design allows the current to be collected by multiple metal fine grids 31 to the metal main grid 32, and then led out by the metal main grid 32, avoiding the bottleneck problem that may be caused by a single path, and improving the current transmission efficiency of the entire system.

[0067] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 According to some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of metal fine grids 31 are arranged in a first direction, and a plurality of metal main grids 32 are arranged in a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0068] In this embodiment, the metal fine grids 31 and the metal main grids 32 form a grid-like structure, and are arranged perpendicular to each other, ensuring that the current is efficiently collected from the fine grid to the main grid and then led out by the main grid. The first direction can be parallel to the length direction of the electrode layer 15, and the second direction can be parallel to the width direction of the electrode layer 15. The metal main grid 32 and the metal fine grid 31 are generally straight, and the length does not exceed the coverage of the perovskite cell (or sub-cell).

[0069] In this way, the above-mentioned grid-like structure arranged in a perpendicular manner provides an efficient current collection path, ensuring that the current can be quickly and uniformly transmitted to the main grid and then led out by the main grid, reducing current loss. Moreover, the perpendicular arrangement of the metal fine grid 31 and the main grid makes the current distribution more uniform, avoiding the problem of excessive local current density, and improving the overall current collection efficiency. In addition, the grid-like structure not only enhances the reliability of current transmission, but also provides better mechanical support for the entire assembly, improving the stability and durability of the assembly.

[0070] As shown in Figure 4 According to some embodiments of the present application, the metal main grid 32 is arranged in parallel along the edge of at least one side of the electrode layer 15, and at least one end of each metal fine grid 31 is connected to the metal main grid 32.

[0071] In this embodiment, the layout of the metal main gate 32 ensures that it is located at the edge of the top cell 1, facilitating the extraction of current to external circuitry. Simultaneously, this design reduces shading of the effective light-illuminated area of ​​the top cell 1 surface, maximizing light utilization. Furthermore, at least one end of each metal fine gate 31 is connected to the metal main gate 32. In this way, current can be uniformly collected from the surface of the top cell 1, converged through the fine gates to the main gate, and then efficiently extracted by the main gate. This not only improves current transmission efficiency but also enhances the electrical connection reliability of the entire metal gate layer 3.

[0072] It is understandable that the metal main grid 32, as the main current collection channel, is arranged parallel to the edge of the electrode layer 15 to ensure that the current can be drawn out quickly and in a concentrated manner, reducing the loss of current during transmission. The end of the metal fine grid 31 is connected to the main grid, which ensures the effective collection of current from the surface of the top cell 1 and optimizes the transmission path.

[0073] On the one hand, since the metal main grid 32 is located at the edge of the electrode layer 15, compared with the traditional design where the main grid runs through the surface of the cell, this layout significantly reduces the obstruction of incident light and improves the light transmittance, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. On the other hand, the metal main grid 32, located along the edge, also provides additional mechanical support, making the entire module more robust, reducing the risk of deformation caused by external forces or temperature changes, and extending the module's lifespan.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, further, two metal main grids 32 are respectively disposed on the edges of opposite sides of the electrode layer 15, and a plurality of metal fine grids 31 are uniformly and spaced along the length direction of the metal main grids 32, with the two ends of each metal fine grid 31 connected to the two metal main grids 32 respectively.

[0075] In this way, the dual-gate design allows current to be drawn out evenly from both ends of the surface of the top cell 1, reducing current loss in the current transmission path and helping to improve current collection and transmission efficiency.

[0076] The main grids are located on opposite sides of the electrode layer 15, avoiding excessive occupation of the surface of the top cell 1, maximizing the effective illumination area, and maintaining a good current transmission path. Each metal fine grid 31 is connected to two metal main grids 32 at both ends, forming multiple reliable current bus points, enhancing the electrical connection between them, ensuring the stability and reliability of current transmission, and reducing contact resistance.

[0077] The regular double-sided main grid and uniformly distributed fine grid design simplify the printing or deposition process of metal grid lines, improve production efficiency, and reduce manufacturing difficulty and cost. Furthermore, it reduces the need for complex processes such as laser scribing, further enhancing production feasibility and economics.

[0078] In some specific embodiments, since each metal fine grid 31 is connected to two metal main grids 32 at both ends, even if one end fails, the other end can continue to work, thereby increasing the redundancy and reliability of the system and reducing the impact of potential failures.

[0079] According to some embodiments of the present application, the metal grid layer 3 comprises a resin layer and conductive particles, and the conductive particles are arranged in a specific direction on the resin layer to form the metal main grid 32 and the metal fine grid 31.

[0080] In this embodiment, the metal grid layer 3 can include a resin layer and conductive particles. The resin layer serves as a base material, providing mechanical support and adhesion, while the conductive particles are arranged in a specific direction on the resin layer to form the metal main grid 32 and the metal fine grid 31.

[0081] For example, the metal grid layer 3 is a low-temperature conductive adhesive, wherein the conductive particles include but are not limited to gold, silver, copper, silver-coated copper, silver-coated nickel, etc., and the resin layer is usually selected from materials with high light transmittance (such as organic silicon, acrylic or epoxy resin), which not only provides good mechanical support, but also maximizes the reduction of shading of incident light, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Some resin systems (such as organic silicon / acrylic / epoxy) have the characteristics of low-temperature curing below 200℃, which is suitable for sensitive photovoltaic materials, reducing the risk of thermal damage.

[0082] In this way, the transparent resin layer and the fine arrangement of conductive particles maximize the reduction of shading of incident light, improve the light transmittance of the component, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. At the same time, the resin layer provides a stable base for the conductive particles, enhancing the mechanical strength of the entire metal grid layer 3, reducing the risk of deformation caused by external force or temperature change, and prolonging the service life of the component.

[0083] Of course, the structure of the metal grid layer 3 is not limited to the above embodiments, and in order to adapt to different application scenarios and technical requirements, the metal grid layer 3 can adopt various structural designs, for example, the metal grid layer 3 can be a pure metal screen printing structure, that is, a pure metal (such as silver, copper) fine line is directly printed on the electrode layer 15 by screen printing technology to form the metal main grid 32 and the metal fine grid 31; for example, by vacuum evaporation or sputtering coating technology, a thin and uniform metal film is deposited on the electrode layer 15, and then the required metal main grid 32 and metal fine grid 31 are formed by photolithography or laser engraving; for example, by electroplating process, metal material is deposited on the pre-prepared seed layer to form the metal main grid 32 and the fine grid. For example, by 3D printing technology, a complex three-dimensional metal grid layer 3 structure can be directly manufactured, and the shape and layout can be customized according to specific needs.

[0084] According to some embodiments of the present application, the width of the metal fine grid 31 and the metal main grid 32 ranges from 0.001 mm to 1 mm. For example, the width of the metal fine grid 31 can be 0.001 mm, 0.5 mm or 1 mm, the width of the metal main grid 32 can be 0.001 mm, 0.5 mm or 1 mm, and the width of the metal main grid 32 can be greater than the width of the metal fine grid 31.

[0085] It can be understood that a reasonable width of the fine grid can ensure that the metal fine grid 31 is widely distributed on the surface of the top cell 1, maximally collects current, and at the same time maintains a small width to reduce the shielding of incident light. The metal main grid 32 is usually wider than the metal fine grid 31, so as to serve as a main current collection channel, carry a higher current density, and ensure that the current can be efficiently led out.

[0086] A reasonable length range enables the metal grid lines (the metal main grid 32 and the metal fine grid 31) to realize maximum layout in a limited space, and ensures that the current is uniformly collected from the surface of the top cell 1 and transmitted to the main grid.

[0087] In this way, the embodiments of the present application significantly improve the efficiency of current collection and transmission by reasonably setting the width and length ranges of the metal fine grid 31 and the metal main grid 32, and optimize the light transmittance and optical performance.

[0088] According to some embodiments of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent metal fine grids 31 ranges from 0.5 mm to 2 mm, and the spacing between two adjacent metal main grids 32 ranges from 0.5 mm to 42 mm. The thickness of the metal grid layer 3 ranges from 0.001 mm to 1 mm, and the resistivity ranges from 1.0 x 10 -8 Ω·m to 2.82 x 10 -8 Ω·m.

[0089] In this way, on the one hand, the size design of the fine grid ensures that the metal fine grid 31 can be widely distributed on the surface of the top cell 1, maximally collects current, and at the same time maintains a proper spacing to reduce the shielding of incident light. For example, the spacing between two adjacent metal fine grids 31 can range from 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm or 2 mm, the spacing between two adjacent metal main grids 32 can range from 0.5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm or 42 mm, the thickness of the metal grid layer 3 can be 0.001 mm, 0.5 mm or 1 mm, and the resistivity of the metal grid layer 3 can range from 1.0 x 10 -8 Ω·m, 2.0 x 10 -8 Ω·m or 2.82 x 10 -8 Ω·m, etc.

[0090] According to some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the electrode layer 15 is in the range of 300nm-1000nm, and the resistivity is in the range of 1x10 -6 Ω·m-20x10 -6 Ω·m. For example, the thickness of the electrode layer can be 300nm, 500nm or 1000nm, and the resistivity can be 1x10 -6 Ω·m, 6x10 -6 Ω·m, 10x10 -6 Ω·m or 20x10 -6 Ω·m.

[0091] The metal gate layer 3 is below the electrode layer 15, has high process flexibility, and can form a copper film or silver film structure that is tightly bonded with the encapsulation film through evaporation or screen printing, and can be coupled with the electrode layer 15 through lamination to achieve connection. In this way, when the subsequent component repair is needed, for example, when the top cell 1 needs to be replaced after being damaged, the copper film below can be reused.

[0092] As shown in Figure 2 According to some embodiments of the present application, in the direction towards the bottom cell 2, the top cell 1 includes a transparent conductive glass 11, a first charge transport layer 12, a thin film power generation functional layer 13, a second charge transport layer 14 and an electrode layer 15 which are sequentially stacked.

[0093] The introduction of each component of the top cell 1 is as follows:

[0094] The outermost transparent conductive glass 11 not only provides mechanical support, but also has high light transmittance and good conductivity, allowing sunlight to penetrate and collect current.

[0095] The first charge transport layer 12 is located below the transparent conductive glass 11 and is responsible for transporting electrons or holes from the thin film power generation functional layer 13 to the transparent conductive glass 11. It is usually made of materials with good conductivity and charge selectivity, such as p-type or n-type semiconductors.

[0096] The thin film power generation functional layer 13 is the core part of the top cell 1, responsible for absorbing short-wavelength (high-energy) photons and converting them into electrical energy. Common thin film materials include perovskite, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), etc.

[0097] The second charge transport layer 14 is located below the thin film power generation functional layer 13 and is responsible for transporting electrons or holes to the electrode layer 15 in the metal gate layer 3. It is also made of materials with good conductivity and charge selectivity.

[0098] The electrode layer 15 is the innermost layer of the top cell 1, has light transmittance and is electrically connected with the metal gate layer 3, and is used for collecting and transmitting current.

[0099] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the direction away from the top battery 1, the bottom battery 2 includes a crystalline silicon battery 22, an encapsulating film layer 23 and a back glass 24 stacked in sequence, and the top of the bottom battery 2 is provided with a transparent insulating layer 21 for isolating from the metal grid layer 3.

[0100] The components of the bottom battery 2 are described below:

[0101] The transparent insulating layer 21 is a protective layer that ensures good adhesion between the crystalline silicon cell 22 and other layers, and provides a certain degree of mechanical protection and environmental isolation.

[0102] The crystalline silicon cell 22 is the core component of the bottom cell 2, responsible for absorbing long-wavelength (low-energy) photons and converting them into electrical energy.

[0103] The encapsulating film layer 23 further provides protection to ensure the stability and durability of the entire component.

[0104] The back glass 24, as the bottom layer, provides mechanical support and environmental protection, while also reflecting some light back into the battery, improving light utilization.

[0105] The following is a specific embodiment of a multilayer photovoltaic module.

[0106] To verify the superior performance of the tandem photovoltaic module with metal grid layer 3 of this invention, the researchers conducted a data comparison experiment on a photovoltaic module with a traditional busbar structure (referred to as a comparative example) and the tandem photovoltaic module of this invention (referred to as an embodiment).

[0107] To ensure the validity of the experimental data, the researchers standardized the dimensions of all components in both the traditional busbar scheme and the busbar scheme of this utility model.

[0108] Specifically, the perovskite cell strip measures 1154mm × 7mm, has a cell efficiency of 20.9%, and a current density of 230A / m³. 2 .

[0109] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the resistivity and thickness of each battery layer are set as follows: the resistivity of the transparent conductive glass 11 is 5.20 × 10⁻⁶. -6 Ω·m, thickness 6.50×10 -7 m; the resistivity of electrode layer 15 is 5.20 × 10 m. -6 Ω·m, thickness 6.50×10 -7 m.

[0110] The resistivity of metal gate layer 3 is 1.60 × 10⁻⁶. -8Ω·m, the width of the metal gate line is 10 μm, the thickness is 7 μm, the length is 7 mm, and the gate line spacing is 1 mm. The difference between the comparative example and the example is only that there is no metal gate layer 3.

[0111] The following table is the comparison data obtained by the researchers after many experiments, which reflects the difference between the traditional bus scheme and the bus scheme of the utility model.

[0112] Table 1

[0113] Item Comparative Example Example Transparent conductive glass 11 power consumption P1 (W) 5.83 x 10 -2 ]]> 5.83 x 10 -2 ]]> Electrode layer 15 power consumption P2 (W) 5.83 x 10 -2 ]]> 1.12 x 10 -2 ]]> DC bus loss P3 (W) = P1 + P2 11.66 x 10 -2 ]]> 5.94 x 10 -2 ]] Dead zone power consumption total loss P4 (W) 1.93 x 10 -2 ]] 1.93 x 10 -2 ]] Metal fine grid electrical loss power consumption P5 (W) 0 1.61 x 10 -3 ]]> Metal fine grid shading power consumption P6 (W) 0 1.67 x 10 -2 ]]> Total power consumption P = P3 + P4 + P5 + P6 (W) 118.53 x 10 -3 ]] 79.66 x 10 -3 ]] 20.9% battery piece total power consumption loss (%) 6.91 4.64 Monolithic assembly total power consumption loss / battery piece number (W) 9.6 6.45

[0114] According to the above table 1, the total power consumption of the comparative example of the traditional bus scheme is 118.53 x 10 -3 W, the total power consumption loss of the battery piece is 6.91%, and the total power consumption loss of the single piece assembly is 9.6 W. The total power consumption of the bus scheme of the utility model is 79.66 x 10 -3 W, the total power consumption loss of the battery piece is 4.64%, and the total power consumption loss of the single piece assembly is 6.45 W.

[0115] From the above data, it can be seen that the bus scheme of the utility model is superior to the traditional bus scheme in many aspects, especially in reducing power consumption and improving efficiency. This also means that the electrode layer 15 in the example can be thinned to adjust its power consumption close to or the same as the comparative example, thereby improving the optical transmittance of the electrode layer 15 to increase the power generation of the bottom battery 2.

[0116] The following gives the specific manufacturing process of the laminated photovoltaic assembly of the utility model.

[0117] First, clean the transparent conductive glass 11 to ensure that the surface is clean and dust-free, providing a good foundation for subsequent processes. Use P1 laser scribing technology to scribe a pattern on the transparent conductive glass 11, scribe through the transparent conductive film layer, and then prepare the first charge transport layer 12. Prepare the thin film power generation functional layer 13 on the first charge transport layer 12. Prepare the second charge transport layer 14 on the thin film power generation functional layer 13, use P2 laser scribing technology to scribe a pattern on the second charge transport layer 14, scribe through the second charge transport layer 14, thin film power generation functional layer 13, first charge transport layer 12, without affecting the electrode layer 15 below. Coat the material of the transparent electrode layer 15 on the second charge transport layer 14 to ensure that it has good light transmittance and conductivity. Again use P3 laser scribing technology to further scribe a pattern on the transparent electrode layer 15. Use P4 laser to remove each functional layer along the chip glass periphery to ensure that the surface resistance reaches the level of megaohm to prevent edge leakage. The metal gate line (including the metal main gate 32 and the metal fine gate 31) is attached to the transparent electrode layer 15, which can adopt the following process routes, such as screen printing, vacuum evaporation, sputtering, electroplating, etc.

[0118] The grid lines of the metal gate layer 3 are laid inside the top cell 1 to ensure effective current collection and extraction. The transparent insulating layer 21 is laid at the bottom of the top cell 1 to ensure good adhesion and protection with the bottom cell 2. The crystalline silicon cell 22 is installed below the transparent insulating layer 21 as part of the bottom cell 2. The encapsulation film layer 23 is laid below the crystalline silicon cell 22 to provide additional mechanical protection and environmental isolation. The back glass 24 is laminated below the encapsulation film layer 23 to provide mechanical support and environmental protection. The laminated photovoltaic module is subjected to lamination treatment under high temperature and high pressure conditions to ensure tight adhesion between the layers, improve the overall stability and durability of the module, and finally install the junction box.

[0119] In this way, through the above steps, a high-efficiency laminated photovoltaic module can be prepared, which combines the advantages of the top cell 1 and the bottom cell 2, optimizes the current collection path, improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and enhances the mechanical stability and durability.

[0120] As shown in Figures 1 to 4 The power supply system according to the second aspect of the present application comprises the laminated photovoltaic module according to the first aspect of the present application.

[0121] The power supply system of the present application optimizes the back electrode structure of the top cell 1 of the laminated photovoltaic module used, which helps to improve the power supply capacity of the power supply system and reduce the cost of the power supply system.

[0122] Although the embodiments of the present application have been described in conjunction with the drawings, various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A laminated photovoltaic module, characterized by, The top cell (1) and the bottom cell (2) are included. The top cell (1) includes an electrode layer (15) with light transmission, which is arranged on the side of the top cell (1) facing the bottom cell (2), and a transparent insulating layer (21) is arranged between the top cell (1) and the bottom cell (2), and a metal grid layer (3) is arranged on the side of the electrode layer (15) facing the bottom cell (2), wherein the metal grid layer (3) is clamped between the electrode layer (15) and the transparent insulating layer (21).

2. The laminated photovoltaic assembly of claim 1, wherein, The metal grid layer (3) includes a metal main grid (32) and a metal fine grid (31) electrically connected to each other, and the metal main grid (32) and the metal fine grid (31) are arranged on the side wall surface of the electrode layer (15) facing the bottom cell (2) and are electrically connected to the electrode layer (15); wherein the width of the metal main grid (32) is greater than the width of the metal fine grid (31).

3. The laminated photovoltaic assembly of claim 2, wherein, The number of metal fine grids (31) is at least two, and the number of metal fine grids (31) is greater than or equal to the number of metal main grids (32), and the metal fine grid (31) and the metal main grid (32) are arranged to form a convergence point.

4. The laminated photovoltaic assembly of claim 3, wherein, A plurality of metal fine grids (31) are arranged along a first direction, and a plurality of metal main grids (32) are arranged along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

5. The laminated photovoltaic assembly of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The adhesion between the metal grid layer (3) and the transparent insulating layer (21) is greater than the adhesion between the metal grid layer (3) and the electrode layer (15).

6. The laminated photovoltaic assembly of claim 5, wherein, The metal grid layer (3) is at least partially embedded in the transparent insulating layer (21). And / or, the transparent insulating layer (21) is a glue film layer or a glass layer.

7. The laminated photovoltaic assembly of any of claims 2-4, wherein, The width of the metal fine grid (31) and the metal main grid (32) ranges from 0.001mm to 1mm; And / or, the thickness of the metal gate layer (3) ranges from 0.001 mm to 1 mm, and the resistivity ranges from 1.0 x 10 -8 Ω·m to 2.82 x 10 -8 Ω·m.

8. The laminated photovoltaic assembly of any of claims 2-4, wherein, The spacing between adjacent two metal fine grids (31) ranges from 0.5mm to 2mm; the spacing between adjacent two metal main grids (32) ranges from 0.5mm to 42mm; And / or, the thickness of the electrode layer (15) ranges from 300 nm to 1000 nm, and the resistivity ranges from 1 x 10 -6 Ω·m to 20 x 10 -6 Ω·m.

9. The laminated photovoltaic assembly of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein, In the direction facing the bottom cell (2), the top cell (1) includes a transparent conductive glass (11), a first charge transport layer (12), a thin film power generation functional layer (13), a second charge transport layer (14) and the electrode layer (15) arranged in sequence. And / or, in the direction away from the top cell (1), the bottom cell (2) includes a crystalline silicon cell (22), an encapsulating glue film layer (23) and a back glass (24) arranged in sequence.

10. A power supply system characterized by comprising: The laminated photovoltaic module includes the laminated photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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