Quick road surface connecting hook
The design of the double-pin assembly and dovetail structure solves the problems of long disassembly time and easy damage at the end connection between the drum and the beach surface, achieving the effect of quick connection and extended service life.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423288900.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-31
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, the connection method between the drum and the end of the beach surface has problems such as long disassembly time, easy wear of the connecting belt and pin, and small force-bearing area of the pin which is easy to bend and deform, resulting in inconvenient connection and equipment damage.
The connecting belt features a double-pin assembly and dovetail structure for stress distribution. The dovetail structure reduces wear on the connecting belt and double-pin assembly, while bolted connections reduce bolt stress, enabling quick connection and disassembly.
It improves the service life of the connecting hook, reduces wear on the connecting strip and bolts, shortens disassembly time, and ensures rapid deployment of the beach surface.
Smart Images

Figure CN223805366U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of bank road surface, specifically, relates to a road surface quick connecting hook. BACKGROUND
[0002] The beach has poor bearing capacity and is inconvenient for vehicle driving, and the bank road surface is used to construct a passing channel on the foundation of the beach, so that the vehicle can drive on the laid road surface panel to ensure the rapid passing of the vehicle, and the road operation device adopts an integral lifting drum, and the bank road surface is wound on the drum to collect and release the road surface panel.
[0003] In the related art, the road surface quick connecting hook is used for the connection between the drum of the road operation device and the end of the bank road surface, at present, the connection between the drum and the end of the bank road surface adopts a connecting belt matched with a pin shaft connected to the end of the bank road surface, first, the connection between the connecting belt and the pin shaft needs to be disassembled by first disassembling the pin shaft and then disassembling the connecting belt, and the disassembly time is relatively long, and when the bank road surface needs to be quickly unfolded, the required time is also prolonged, second, the connecting belt and the pin shaft are connected, and the connecting belt and the pin shaft are rotated and rubbed, and the connecting belt is easily damaged, and third, the pin shaft is connected to the end of the bank road surface, and the stress area of the pin shaft is small, and the pin shaft is easily bent and deformed, and is inconvenient to replace. SUMMARY
[0004] The utility model discloses at least solve one of the prior art technical problems. Therefore, the utility model provides a road surface quick connecting hook, the road surface quick connecting hook has the effect of reducing the stress of connecting bolt, improves the service life of the connecting hook after assembly, adopts the stress of the big end of the connecting belt stress dovetail structure, effectively reduces the pressure intensity that connecting belt and double pin assembly receive, the connecting belt and the dovetail structure of double pin assembly connecting place reduce the wear and tear between both, and still have the effect that quickly connect with the bank road surface.
[0005] The road surface quick connecting hook according to the utility model embodiment, comprising: double pin assembly, butt joint bearing assembly, connecting belt and hook assembly.
[0006] The butt joint bearing assembly front end and the double pin assembly front end are mutually butted and fixed by bolt, the butt joint bearing assembly rear end is inserted into the double pin assembly rear and is butted and fixed by bolt, the double pin assembly tail end is the dovetail structure, the connecting belt is sleeved on the dovetail structure of the double pin assembly tail end, and the hook assembly is rotatably sleeved on the double pin assembly and the butt joint bearing assembly front end.
[0007] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the double pin assembly includes first connecting plate, front pin, rear pin and folding tail swallow, one side of front pin and rear pin is fixedly inserted in the inside of first connecting plate front end and rear end respectively, the front end of butt joint bearing assembly and front pin are mutually butted and fixed by bolt, the hook assembly is rotatably sleeved on front pin and the front end of butt joint bearing assembly, the front end of folding tail swallow is fixed on rear pin, the side wall of folding tail swallow is fixedly connected on first connecting plate, the connecting band is sleeved on rear pin and folding tail swallow, the rear end of butt joint bearing assembly is inserted into the inside of rear pin and is butted and fixed by bolt.
[0008] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the rear pin includes rear pin body, the inside of rear pin body far from one end of first connecting plate is provided with positioning groove, the rear end of butt joint bearing assembly is inserted into positioning groove.
[0009] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the butt joint bearing assembly includes second connecting plate, front butt joint barrel and rear butt joint barrel, one side of front butt joint barrel and rear butt joint barrel is fixedly inserted in the inside of second connecting plate front end and rear end respectively, front pin and front butt joint barrel are mutually butted, bolt passes through front butt joint barrel and is connected in the inside of front pin by screw thread, rear butt joint barrel is inserted into the inside of rear pin, bolt passes through rear butt joint barrel and is connected in the inside of rear pin by screw thread.
[0010] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the folding tail swallow includes folding swallow tail plate and side connecting reinforcing plate, the swallow tail opening of folding swallow tail plate is fixedly connected to the rear side of rear pin, the side wall of one side of folding swallow tail plate is fixedly connected to first connecting plate, the side connecting reinforcing plate is fixedly connected to the inside of the other side of folding swallow tail plate.
[0011] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the connecting band includes band body, the connecting hole is formed by suturing after folding one end of band body, the connecting hole of band body is sleeved on rear pin and folding tail swallow.
[0012] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the hook assembly includes connecting barrel, hook, reinforcing plate and reinforcing gasket, the hook is provided with two, two hook is fixedly connected to the outer wall of both ends of connecting barrel, reinforcing plate is arranged between two hook and the outer wall of connecting barrel, reinforcing gasket is fixedly connected to both ends of connecting barrel, the front end of butt joint bearing assembly and front pin pass through two reinforcing gasket respectively, then the front end of butt joint bearing assembly and front pin are rotatably inserted in both ends of connecting barrel.
[0013] The utility model discloses beneficial effect is: when assembling the quick connecting hook of road surface, the connecting band is covered in the dovetail structure of double pin assembly tail end, the hook assembly is covered in the front end of double pin assembly, the rear end of the butt joint bearing assembly is inserted into the rear end of double pin assembly, the front end of butt joint bearing assembly and double pin assembly are inserted into the hook assembly and butt joint, utilize two bolts to pass through the front end and rear end of butt joint bearing assembly, and then the bolt is connected and fixed through the front end and rear end of double pin assembly, one, when the hook assembly is stressed, the front end of double pin assembly and butt joint bearing assembly is stressed directly, and the bolt stress of the front end is small, and the stress of connecting band passes through the mutual insertion of double pin assembly and butt joint bearing assembly, and the stress of two is directly stressed through the insertion position, reduces the bolt stress of the rear end of fixed double pin assembly and butt joint bearing assembly, reduces the bolt damage of the front end and rear end of butt joint bearing assembly, reduces the failure of quick connecting hook of road surface to occur due to bolt damage. Two, the front end of dovetail structure of double pin assembly is big, and the rear end is small, and the stress point is the front end of dovetail structure, and the stress area is big than single pin shaft, and it is not easy to damage. Three, the dovetail structure of double pin assembly tail end restricts the rotation of connecting band end in double pin assembly, and further reduces the abrasion of double pin assembly to connecting band. Four, adopt the hook assembly and hang on the bank beach road surface, need not remove the pin shaft in advance, and the dismounting time is short, and the quick deployment of bank beach road surface is convenient.
[0014] The additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be partly given in the following description, partly will become obvious from the following description, or will be understood through the practice of the utility model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0015] In order to make the technical scheme of the utility model embodiment clearer, the following will introduce the drawings needed in the utility model embodiment briefly, and it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the utility model, and should not be regarded as the limitation to the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without the creative labor.
[0016] Figure 1 It is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the quick connecting hook of road surface according to the utility model embodiment;
[0017] Figure 2 It is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of double pin assembly according to the utility model embodiment;
[0018] Figure 3 It is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of butt joint bearing assembly according to the utility model embodiment;
[0019] Figure 4 It is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of connecting band according to the utility model embodiment;
[0020] Figure 5 is a perspective structural schematic view of a hook assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0021] Icon: 100 - double pin assembly; 110 - first connecting plate; 120 - front pin; 130 - rear pin; 131 - rear pin body; 132 - positioning groove; 140 - folding tail dovetail; 141 - folding dovetail plate; 142 - side connecting reinforcing plate; 200 - butt joint bearing assembly; 210 - second connecting plate; 220 - front butt joint cylinder; 230 - rear butt joint cylinder; 300 - connecting belt; 310 - belt body; 320 - connecting hole; 400 - hook assembly; 410 - connecting cylinder; 420 - hook; 430 - reinforcing plate; 440 - reinforcing pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0024] The road surface quick connecting hook according to the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0025] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 The road surface quick connecting hook according to the embodiments of the present application comprises a double pin assembly 100, a butt joint bearing assembly 200, a connecting belt 300 and a hook assembly 400.
[0026] Please refer to Figure 1The front end of the docking bearing assembly 200 and the front end of the double pin assembly 100 are fixed by mutual docking with bolts, the rear end of the docking bearing assembly 200 is inserted into the rear end of the double pin assembly 100 and fixed by docking with bolts, the tail end of the double pin assembly 100 is a dovetail structure, the connecting belt 300 is sleeved on the dovetail structure of the tail end of the double pin assembly 100, and the hook assembly 400 is rotatably sleeved on the front end of the double pin assembly 100 and the docking bearing assembly 200. When assembling the road fast connecting hook, the connecting belt 300 is sleeved on the dovetail structure of the tail end of the double pin assembly 100, the hook assembly 400 is sleeved on the front end of the double pin assembly 100, then the rear end of the docking bearing assembly 200 is inserted into the rear end of the double pin assembly 100, the front end of the docking bearing assembly 200 and the double pin assembly 100 is inserted into the hook assembly 400 for docking, two bolts are respectively inserted through the front end and the rear end of the docking bearing assembly 200, then the bolts are connected and fixed on the front end and the rear end of the double pin assembly 100 by threads, one, when the hook assembly 400 is stressed, the front end of the double pin assembly 100 and the docking bearing assembly 200 is directly stressed, the stress of the bolt at the front end is small, the stress of the connecting belt 300 is transmitted through the mutual insertion of the double pin assembly 100 and the docking bearing assembly 200, the stress of the two is directly transmitted through the insertion position, the stress of the bolt for fixing the rear end of the double pin assembly 100 and the docking bearing assembly 200 is reduced, the damage of the bolt at the front end and the rear end of the docking bearing assembly 200 is reduced, and the failure of the road fast connecting hook due to the damage of the bolt is avoided. Two, the dovetail structure of the double pin assembly 100 has a large front end and a small rear end, the stress point is the front end of the dovetail structure, and the stress area is larger than that of a single pin shaft, so the double pin assembly 100 is not easy to be damaged. Three, the dovetail structure at the tail end of the double pin assembly 100 limits the rotation of the end of the connecting belt 300 on the double pin assembly 100, thereby reducing the wear of the connecting belt 300 by the double pin assembly 100. Four, the hook assembly 400 is hung on the shore road, and the pin shaft does not need to be removed in advance, so the disassembly time is short and the shore road can be quickly deployed.
[0027] Please refer to Figures 1 to 2The double-pin assembly 100 comprises a first connecting plate 110, a front pin 120, a rear pin 130, and a folding tail swallow 140. One side of the front pin 120 and the rear pin 130 is fixedly inserted into the interior of the front end and the rear end of the first connecting plate 110 respectively. The front end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 and the front pin 120 are fixedly connected to each other by means of bolts. The hook assembly 400 is rotatably sleeved on the front pin 120 and the front end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200. The front end of the folding tail swallow 140 is fixed to the rear pin 130. The side wall of the folding tail swallow 140 is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate 110. The connecting belt 300 is sleeved on the rear pin 130 and the folding tail swallow 140. The rear end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 is inserted into the interior of the rear pin 130 and is fixedly connected by means of bolts. One side of the front pin 120 and the rear pin 130 is fixed by the first connecting plate 110. The other side of the front pin 120 and the rear pin 130 is fixedly connected by means of bolts through the butt joint bearing assembly 200. Specifically, the front end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 and the front pin 120 are inserted into the hook assembly 400. The bolt passes through the front end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 and is threadedly connected to the front pin 120. The stress of the hook assembly 400 is dispersed to the front end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 and the front pin 120. The torque at the connection between the front end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 and the front pin 120 is borne by the hook assembly 400. The shear force borne by the bolt at the connection between the front end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 and the front pin 120 is small, thereby reducing the damage of the bolt. The connecting belt 300 is sleeved on the rear pin 130 and the folding tail swallow 140. The rear end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 is inserted into the rear pin 130. The bolt passes through the rear end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 and is threadedly connected to the rear pin 130. The first connecting plate 110 and the butt joint bearing assembly 200 block the two sides of the connecting belt 300. The stress of the connecting belt 300 is dispersed to the rear pin 130 at the front end of the folding tail swallow 140. The diameter of the rear pin 130 is larger than that of the pin shaft directly connected to the beach road surface through the ear plate. The rear pin 130 and the folding tail swallow 140 limit the rotation of the connecting belt 300, thereby reducing the abrasion. The torque formed by the tension of the rear pin 130 is borne by the insertion part between the rear end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 and the rear pin 130. The shear force borne by the bolt at the connection between the rear end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 and the rear pin 130 is small, thereby reducing the damage of the bolt.
[0028] Please refer to Figures 1 to 2 The rear pin 130 comprises a rear pin body 131. The interior of the end of the rear pin body 131 away from the first connecting plate 110 is provided with a positioning groove 132. The rear end of the butt joint bearing assembly 200 is inserted into the positioning groove 132.
[0029] Please refer to Figures 1 to 2The folding tail dovetail 140 includes a folding dovetail plate 141 and a side connecting reinforcing plate 142. The dovetail opening of the folding dovetail plate 141 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the rear pin 130, and the side wall of one side of the folding dovetail plate 141 is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate 110. The side connecting reinforcing plate 142 is fixedly connected to the inside of the other side of the folding dovetail plate 141. The side connecting reinforcing plate 142 strengthens the structure of the folding dovetail plate 141, and simultaneously strengthens the connection strength between the folding dovetail plate 141 and the rear pin 130.
[0030] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The docking bearing assembly 200 includes a second connecting plate 210, a front docking barrel 220, and a rear docking barrel 230. One side of the front docking barrel 220 and the rear docking barrel 230 is respectively fixedly inserted into the inside of the front end and the rear end of the second connecting plate 210. The front pin 120 and the front docking barrel 220 are mutually docked. The bolt passes through the front docking barrel 220 and is threadedly connected to the inside of the front pin 120. The rear docking barrel 230 is inserted into the inside of the rear pin 130. The bolt passes through the rear docking barrel 230 and is threadedly connected to the inside of the rear pin 130. The front pin 120 and the front docking barrel 220 are both inserted into the hook assembly 400. The torque generated by the deformation of the front pin 120 and the front docking barrel 220 is borne by the hook assembly 400. The front pin 120 and the front docking barrel 220 are limited by the hook assembly 400, and there is basically no misalignment between them. The stress of the bolt at the connection between the front pin 120 and the front docking barrel 220 is reduced. The rear docking barrel 230 is inserted into the inside of the rear pin 130. The rear docking barrel 230 and the rear pin 130 are mutually limited and basically have no misalignment. The torque caused by the deformation is borne by the mutual insertion of the rear docking barrel 230 and the rear pin 130. The stress of the bolt at the connection between the rear pin 130 and the rear docking barrel 230 is reduced.
[0031] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 The connecting belt 300 includes a belt body 310. One end of the belt body 310 is folded and then sewn to form a connecting hole 320. The connecting hole 320 of the belt body 310 is sleeved on the rear pin 130 and the folding tail dovetail 140.
[0032] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5The hook assembly 400 comprises a connecting cylinder 410, two hooks 420, a reinforcing plate 430 and reinforcing pads 440. The two hooks 420 are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the connecting cylinder 410 at both ends. The reinforcing plate 430 is arranged between the two hooks 420 and the outer wall of the connecting cylinder 410. The reinforcing pads 440 are fixedly connected to both ends of the connecting cylinder 410. The front end of the docking bearing assembly 200 and the front pin 120 pass through the two reinforcing pads 440, and then the front end of the docking bearing assembly 200 and the front pin 120 are rotatably inserted into both ends of the connecting cylinder 410. The front pin 120 and the front docking cylinder 220 are inserted into both ends of the connecting cylinder 410 and then connected to each other by bolts. The two hooks 420 are reinforced by the reinforcing plate 430 to form a whole. The reinforcing pads 440 are used to reinforce the strength of both ends of the connecting cylinder 410 and reduce the deformation of both ends of the connecting cylinder 410. The hooks 420 are directly hung on the shore road surface.
[0033] Specifically, the working principle of the road surface quick connecting hook is as follows: when the road surface quick connecting hook is assembled, the connecting holes 320 of the belt body 310 are formed on the folded tail swan 140 and the rear pin 130. The front pin 120 and the front docking cylinder 220 are inserted into the connecting cylinder 410. The rear docking cylinder 230 is inserted into the positioning groove 132 of the rear pin 130. Two bolts are used to pass through the front docking cylinder 220 and the rear docking cylinder 230, respectively. Then the bolts are connected to the threaded holes of the front pin 120 and the rear pin 130, thereby realizing the fixed connection of the docking bearing assembly 200 and the double-pin assembly 100. The hooks 420 are directly hung on the shore road surface without the need to remove the pin shaft in advance, thereby shortening the disassembly time and facilitating the rapid deployment of the shore road surface. When the hook assembly 400 is stressed, the stress of the hook assembly 400 is dispersed to the front pin 120 and the front docking cylinder 220. The torque generated by the deformation of the front pin 120 and the front docking cylinder 220 is borne by the hook assembly 400. The front pin 120 and the front docking cylinder 220 are limited by the hook assembly 400 and basically have no misalignment with each other. The shear force on the bolts at the connection between the front pin 120 and the front docking cylinder 220 is small. The first connecting plate 110 and the second connecting plate 210 block the two sides of the connecting belt 300. The stress of the connecting belt 300 is dispersed to the rear pin 130 at the front end of the folded tail swan 140. The diameter of the rear pin 130 is larger than that of the pin shaft directly connected to the shore road surface, so the rear pin 130 is not easy to damage. The rear pin 130 and the folded tail swan 140 limit the rotation of the connecting belt 300, thereby reducing the wear of the connecting belt 300. The rear docking cylinder 230 and the rear pin 130 are limited by each other and basically have no misalignment. The torque caused by the deformation is borne by the mutual insertion of the rear docking cylinder 230 and the rear pin 130. The shear force on the bolts at the connection between the rear docking cylinder 230 and the rear pin 130 is small, thereby reducing the damage of the bolts and further reducing the failure of the road surface quick connecting hook caused by the damage of the bolts.
[0034] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.
Claims
1. A pavement quick connect hook, characterized by, Include: Double pin assembly (100); Docking bearing assembly (200), the front end of the docking bearing assembly (200) and the front end of the double pin assembly (100) are mutually docked and fixed by bolts, the rear end of the docking bearing assembly (200) is inserted into the rear end of the double pin assembly (100) and is docked and fixed by bolts, and the tail end of the double pin assembly (100) is a swallow tail structure; Connecting belt (300), the connecting belt (300) is sleeved on the swallow tail structure of the tail end of the double pin assembly (100); Hook assembly (400), the hook assembly (400) is rotatably sleeved on the front end of the double pin assembly (100) and the docking bearing assembly (200).
2. The road fast hitch of claim 1, wherein, The double pin assembly (100) includes a first connecting plate (110), a front pin (120), a rear pin (130) and a folding tail swallow (140), one side of the front pin (120) and the rear pin (130) is respectively fixedly inserted into the inside of the front end and the rear end of the first connecting plate (110), the front end of the docking bearing assembly (200) and the front pin (120) are mutually docked and fixed by bolts, the hook assembly (400) is rotatably sleeved on the front pin (120) and the front end of the docking bearing assembly (200), the front end of the folding tail swallow (140) is fixed on the rear pin (130), the side wall of the folding tail swallow (140) is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate (110), the connecting belt (300) is sleeved on the rear pin (130) and the folding tail swallow (140), and the rear end of the docking bearing assembly (200) is inserted into the inside of the rear pin (130) and is docked and fixed by bolts.
3. The road fast hitch of claim 2, wherein, The rear pin (130) includes a rear pin body (131), the inside of one end of the rear pin body (131) away from the first connecting plate (110) is provided with a positioning groove (132), and the rear end of the docking bearing assembly (200) is inserted into the positioning groove (132).
4. The road fastening hook according to claim 3, wherein The docking bearing assembly (200) includes a second connecting plate (210), a front docking barrel (220) and a rear docking barrel (230), one side of the front docking barrel (220) and the rear docking barrel (230) is respectively fixedly inserted into the inside of the front end and the rear end of the second connecting plate (210), the front pin (120) and the front docking barrel (220) are mutually docked, the bolts pass through the front docking barrel (220) and are connected to the inside of the front pin (120) through threads, the rear docking barrel (230) is inserted into the inside of the rear pin (130), and the bolts pass through the rear docking barrel (230) and are connected to the inside of the rear pin (130) through threads.
5. The pavement quick connect hook of claim 2, wherein, The folding tail swallow (140) includes a folding swallow tail plate (141) and a side connecting reinforcing plate (142), the swallow tail opening of the folding swallow tail plate (141) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the rear pin (130), one side wall of the folding swallow tail plate (141) is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate (110), and the side connecting reinforcing plate (142) is fixedly connected to the inside of the other side of the folding swallow tail plate (141).
6. The pavement quick connect hook of claim 2, wherein, The connecting band (300) comprises a band body (310), one end of the band body (310) is folded and sewn to form a connecting hole (320), and the connecting hole (320) of the band body (310) is sleeved with the rear pin (130) and the folded tail swallow (140).
7. The pavement quick connect hook of claim 2, wherein, The hook assembly (400) comprises a connecting cylinder (410), hooks (420), reinforcing plates (430) and reinforcing pads (440), the hooks (420) are provided in two, the two hooks (420) are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the two ends of the connecting cylinder (410), the reinforcing plates (430) are arranged between the two hooks (420) and the outer walls of the connecting cylinder (410), the reinforcing pads (440) are fixedly connected to the two ends of the connecting cylinder (410), and the front end of the docking and bearing assembly (200) and the front pin (120) pass through the two reinforcing pads (440) in sequence, and then the front end of the docking and bearing assembly (200) and the front pin (120) are rotationally inserted into the two ends of the connecting cylinder (410).