Antenna unit and electronic device

Abstract

The utility model provides an antenna unit and electronic equipment. The antenna unit comprises a first dielectric substrate and at least one radiation unit arranged on the first dielectric substrate; the radiation unit comprises a first balun assembly and a second balun assembly which are arranged in a crossed manner, and four radiation parts; the first balun assembly and the second balun assembly are installed on the first dielectric substrate, two of the four radiation parts are installed at one end, deviating from the first dielectric substrate, of the first balun assembly, and the other two of the four radiation parts are installed at one end, deviating from the first dielectric substrate, of the second balun assembly; the radiation unit further comprises at least one pair of branches connected to the radiation part. And two branches in the pair of branches are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiation part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to an antenna unit and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, the current communication environment is becoming increasingly complex. This requires base station antennas to not only meet the needs of communication capacity but also to resist multipath fading. Dual-polarized antennas have high communication capacity and port isolation, and therefore their application in base station antennas has become very widespread. Utility Model Content

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an antenna unit and an electronic device.

[0004] This disclosure provides an antenna unit comprising a first dielectric substrate and at least one radiating element disposed on the first dielectric substrate; the radiating element includes a first balun assembly and a second balun assembly arranged in a cross configuration, and four radiating portions; the first balun assembly and the second balun assembly are mounted on the first dielectric substrate, two of the four radiating portions are mounted on one end of the first balun assembly facing away from the first dielectric substrate, and the other two are mounted on one end of the second balun assembly facing away from the first dielectric substrate; wherein, the radiating element further includes at least a pair of stubs connected to the radiating portions; two of the stubs in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating portions.

[0005] The radiating portion includes at least a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other; the at least one pair of branches are connected to the third side and the fourth side of the radiating portion.

[0006] The radiating portion includes at least a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connected to the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connected to the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other.

[0007] A pair of first branches are provided at the second apex position. The first branches include a first line segment and a second line segment connected to each other. The first line segment and the second line segment extend in different directions. The first line segment of one of the pair of first branches is connected to the third side, and the first line segment of the other is connected to the fourth side.

[0008] Wherein, the intersection of the extensions of the two second line segments of the pair of first branches is the first intersection point; the line connecting the vertex of the first vertices and the vertex of the second vertices is the first straight line, the first intersection point is located on the extension of the first straight line, and the first intersection point is farther away from the vertex of the first vertices than the vertex of the second vertices.

[0009] The radiating portion includes a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, a first connecting edge, and a second connecting edge; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first connecting edge connects the first side and the fourth side; the second connecting edge connects the second side and the third side; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other.

[0010] At least a portion of the branches are second branches, and the second branch includes a first branch, a second branch, and a first connecting portion, wherein the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting portion;

[0011] The second branch is connected to the third side, the fourth side, the first connecting side, and the second connecting side.

[0012] The radiating portion includes a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other; the midpoint of the line connecting the vertex of the first apex and the vertex of the second apex is the first midpoint;

[0013] The radiating part further includes a pair of first slits penetrating its thickness direction. The two first slits in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating part and respectively penetrate the third side and the fourth side of the radiating part. The intersection of one of the first slits with the third side is the second intersection point, and the intersection of the other with the fourth side is the third intersection point.

[0014] The branch connects to the third side between the second intersection and the vertex of the second apex, and to the fourth side between the third intersection and the vertex of the second apex.

[0015] The first slit includes a first sub-slit, a second sub-slit, and a first connecting portion. The first sub-slit and the second sub-slit are connected to both ends of the first connecting portion and are in communication with the first connecting portion. The midpoint of the line connecting the vertex of the first apex and the vertex of the second apex is the first midpoint, and the opening of the first slit is away from the first midpoint. The first sub-slit is closer to the vertex of the second apex than the second sub-slit. The intersection of the first sub-slit of one pair of first slits with the third side is the second intersection point, and the intersection of the first sub-slit of the other pair with the fourth side is the third intersection point.

[0016] The radiating portion further includes a first connecting edge and a second connecting edge; the first connecting edge connects the first side and the fourth side; the second connecting edge connects the second side and the third side.

[0017] The radiating part further includes a second slit extending through its thickness direction. The midpoint of the line connecting the vertex of the first apex and the second apex is the first midpoint. The center of the second slit coincides with the first midpoint. The extension direction of the second slit is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the radiating part. The intersection of the extension line of the second slit and the first connecting edge is the fourth intersection point. The intersection of the extension line of the second slit and the second connecting edge is the fifth intersection point.

[0018] The branch connects the fourth side and the first connecting edge between the fourth intersection point and the vertex of the second vertex, the first connecting edge between the fourth intersection point and the vertex of the first vertex, the third side and the second connecting edge between the fifth intersection point and the vertex of the second vertex, and the second connecting edge between the fifth intersection point and the vertex of the first vertex.

[0019] Wherein, at least some of the branches are first branches, the first branch includes a first branch, a second branch and a first connecting part, the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting part;

[0020] The first branch connects the fourth side and the first connecting edge between the fourth intersection point and the vertex of the second vertex, and the third side and the second connecting edge between the fifth intersection point and the vertex of the second vertex.

[0021] The radiating part further includes a pair of third slits penetrating its thickness direction. Two of the third slits are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating part and respectively penetrate the first side and the second side of the radiating part.

[0022] The third slit includes a third sub-slit, a fourth sub-slit, and a second connecting portion. The third sub-slit and the fourth sub-slit are connected to both ends of the second connecting portion and are in communication with the second connecting portion. The midpoint of the line connecting the vertex of the first apex and the vertex of the second apex is the first midpoint, and the opening of the third slit is away from the first midpoint.

[0023] The third slit also includes a first slit branch connected and communicating with the third sub-slit, and a second slit branch connected and communicating with the fourth sub-slit, wherein both the first slit branch and the second slit branch penetrate the radiating portion along the thickness direction of the radiating portion.

[0024] The radiating part further includes a fourth slit penetrating its thickness direction, the center of the fourth slit coinciding with the first midpoint, and the fourth slit extending along the polarization direction of the radiating part;

[0025] The radiating part further includes a fifth slit extending through its thickness direction. The fifth slit is an annular slit located within the area defined by a pair of first slits and a pair of third slits. The center of the fifth slit coincides with the first midpoint. The second slit and the fourth slit respectively penetrate the fifth slit.

[0026] The radiating portion includes a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other; the midpoint of the line connecting the first apex and the second apex is the first midpoint;

[0027] The radiating part further includes a third connecting edge connecting the first side and the second side, wherein the interior angle formed by the third connecting edge connecting the first side and the second side is an obtuse angle.

[0028] The radiating portion further includes a sixth slit extending through its thickness direction, the sixth slit extending along the polarization direction of the radiating portion, the first midpoint being located on the extension line of the sixth slit, and the sixth slit penetrating the third connecting edge.

[0029] The antenna unit further includes a second dielectric substrate, which is connected to the end of the first balun assembly and the second balun assembly opposite to the first dielectric substrate; the radiating portion is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate; and the branch is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate.

[0030] The radiating portion includes a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, a first connecting edge, and a second connecting edge; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first connecting edge connects the first side and the fourth side; the second connecting edge connects the second side and the third side; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other.

[0031] At least some of the branches are first branches, and the first branch includes a first branch, a second branch, and a first connecting portion. The first branch and the second branch are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting portion. The first branch is connected to the third side, the fourth side, the first connecting edge, and the second connecting edge.

[0032] The antenna unit further includes a second dielectric substrate, which is connected to the first balun assembly and the end of the second balun assembly facing away from the first dielectric substrate; the radiating portion is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the first dielectric substrate; the first branch and the second branch of the first segment are disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the first dielectric substrate, and the first connecting portion of the first segment is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate facing the first dielectric substrate.

[0033] It also includes a reflective layer, which is disposed on the surface of the first dielectric substrate facing the radiating portion.

[0034] This disclosure provides an electronic device that includes an antenna element according to any of the above claims. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram (front view) of the antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna unit (back side) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the radiating element of the antenna element of the first example of this disclosure;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the radiating element of the antenna element in the second example of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a top view of the radiating element of an antenna unit in a related technology;

[0040] Figure 6 A graph showing the directivity coefficient of the radiating element of the antenna element in the second example of this disclosure when no stubs are loaded;

[0041] Figure 7 A graph showing the directivity coefficient of the radiating element of the antenna element in the second example of this disclosure after adding stubs;

[0042] Figure 8 The horizontal radiation pattern of the radiating element of the antenna element in the second example of this disclosure when no stubs are loaded;

[0043] Figure 9 The horizontal radiation pattern of the radiating element of the antenna element in the second example of this disclosure after adding stubs;

[0044] Figure 10 Smith charts of the radiating elements of the antenna element in the second example of this disclosure before and after stubs are loaded;

[0045] Figure 11 Standing wave curves of the radiating element of the antenna element in the second example of this disclosure before and after loading a stub;

[0046] Figure 12 This is a top view schematic diagram of the radiating element of the antenna element in the fourth example of this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 13 This is a top view schematic diagram of the radiating element of the antenna element in the fifth example of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0050] With the increasingly widespread application of 5G (5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology), base station antennas face growing challenges. Typically, base station antennas are required to possess both good electrical performance, including a low reflection coefficient and high isolation to ensure better impedance matching and less crosstalk, and good radiation capability, including high gain and a wide half-power beamwidth to ensure better coverage. Based on this, continuous improvements to base station antennas have led to increasingly complex designs, necessitating improvements in their voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).

[0051] In related technologies, adjusting the antenna standing wave ratio mainly includes the following schemes: ① changing the feeding form or feeding position, for example, changing from direct feeding to coupled feeding; ② introducing gaps or parasitic patches to introduce new tuning circuits and increase the resonant point, but destroying the original current path of the radiating part; ③ changing the antenna material or changing the size of the antenna structure.

[0052] However, the above solutions all introduce an impact on the antenna radiation performance and are difficult to implement during actual antenna debugging. In view of this, this disclosure provides an antenna including multiple antenna elements, with stubs connected to the radiating parts of the antenna elements, which can improve the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna elements without affecting the antenna radiation performance and reducing the difficulty of actual antenna debugging.

[0053] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, this disclosure provides an antenna unit including a first dielectric substrate 10 and at least one radiating element disposed on the first dielectric substrate 10. The radiating element includes a first balun assembly 21, a second balun assembly 22, and four radiating portions P1, P2, P3, and P4. The first balun assembly 21 and the second balun assembly 22 are mounted on the first dielectric substrate 10 and are arranged intersectingly. The four radiating portions P1, P2, P3, and P4 are disposed on the same radiating layer 30. Two radiating portions P1 and P2 are mounted on the end of the first balun assembly 21 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and the other two radiating portions P3 and P4 are mounted on the end of the second balun assembly 22 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10. The radiating element also includes at least one pair of branches connected to the radiating portions, with two branches in the pair symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating portion.

[0054] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Two radiating portions P1 and P2, mounted on the first balun assembly 21, are arranged side-by-side in the first polarization direction D1 and connected to the first balun assembly 21. Two radiating portions P3 and P4, mounted on the second balun assembly 22, are arranged side-by-side in the second polarization direction D2 and connected to the second balun assembly 22. The first polarization direction D1 and the second polarization direction D2 are different; the first polarization direction D1 can be +45°, and the second polarization direction D2 can be -45°. The first balun assembly 21 and the second balun assembly 22 are orthogonally arranged. This disclosure will be described using this as an example later, but this does not constitute a limitation of this disclosure. The first balun assembly 21 and the second balun assembly 22 can be perpendicular to the first dielectric substrate 10 or to the plane containing the four radiating portions; no specific limitation is made here. This disclosure will be described using the example of the first balun assembly 21 and the second balun assembly 22 being perpendicular to the first dielectric substrate 10 and the plane containing the four radiating portions, but this does not constitute a limitation of this disclosure.

[0055] In this embodiment, the first balun assembly 21 may include a first balun substrate 213, with the first balun feed line 211 and the first reference electrode 212 disposed on two opposite surfaces of the first balun substrate 213. The first reference electrode 212 can be connected to a pair of radiating portions P1 and P2 via pads. The second balun assembly 22 may include a second balun substrate 223, with the second balun feed line 221 and the second reference electrode 222 disposed on two opposite surfaces of the second balun substrate 223. The second reference electrode 222 can be connected to another pair of radiating portions P3 and P4 via pads. This disclosure will continue to describe this as an example, but this should not be construed as limiting the disclosure. In other embodiments, the first balun feed line 211, the first reference electrode 212, the second balun feed line 221, and the second reference electrode 222 may be disposed on the same balun substrate. The first reference electrode 212 may be coupled to a pair of radiating portions P1 and P2, and the second reference electrode 222 may also be coupled to another pair of radiating portions P3 and P4. No specific limitations are imposed here.

[0056] In this embodiment, the first balun feed line 211 of the first balun assembly 21 can be powered via a coaxial cable. The excitation signal is coupled from the first balun feed line 211 to the first reference electrode 212 on the back side of the first balun substrate 213, and then transmitted from the first reference electrode 212 to the two radiating sections P1 and P2 for signal radiation. The second balun feed line 221 of the second balun assembly 22 can be powered via a coaxial cable. The excitation signal is coupled from the second balun feed line 221 to the second reference electrode 222 on the back side of the second balun substrate 223, and then transmitted from the second reference electrode 222 to the other two radiating sections P3 and P4 for signal radiation.

[0057] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the first balun feed 211 and the second balun feed 221 can be adjusted as needed. The first balun feed 211 and the second balun feed 221 should not be too high to avoid introducing a long current path, resulting in poor standing wave ratio (SWR) at high frequencies. Simultaneously, the first balun feed 211 and the second balun feed 221 should not be too low to avoid an excessively short current path, resulting in poor SWR at low frequencies. The number of branches in the first balun feed 211 and the second balun feed 221 can be adjusted as needed. The number of branches in the first balun feed 211 and the second balun feed 221 should not be too few to avoid insufficient convergence of the Smith chart of the oscillator.

[0058] The two pairs of orthogonal radiating sections are similar to two pairs of orthogonal dipoles, and the surface current of the radiating sections is mainly distributed at the edges of the radiating sections. When the radiating sections are excited, the surface current flows from the feed point along the edge of the radiating section to the farthest point (end) from the feed point and terminates. This makes the surface current at the end of the radiating section much weaker than the surface current at the feed point, and the surface current distribution along the edge of the radiating section is uneven.

[0059] In this embodiment, by connecting at least one pair of stubs to the radiating section, the surface current of the radiating section flows through both the edge and the loaded stubs, extending the current path and facilitating a uniform distribution of the surface current between the feed point and the end. The two stubs in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating section, achieving the same effect of extending the current path on both sides of the polarization direction, further promoting a uniform distribution of the surface current on both sides of the polarization direction and improving the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna element. This solution does not alter the original structure of the radiating section, i.e., it does not change the current path inside the radiating section, ensuring the original radiation performance of the radiating section. Furthermore, it effectively improves the VSWR of the antenna element, achieving good electrical performance. Simultaneously, during performance debugging, conductive adhesive or copper adhesive can be used to simulate the stubs, eliminating the need to redesign the simulation scheme for the radiating element and reducing the difficulty of performance debugging of the actual antenna element. The solution for improving the VSWR of the radiating element disclosed in this invention is simple in design, low in cost, and easy to debug.

[0060] In this embodiment, the radiating portion can have various shapes, such as rectangular, square, elliptical, annular, etc. The radiating portion can have various structures; for example, it can have multiple slits or a hollowed-out area, etc. When multiple slits are provided on the radiating portion, the slits can extend in any direction and can have various shapes such as U-shaped, straight, annular, S-shaped, etc. Various numbers of branches can also be provided on the slits. Some of the slits can exist in pairs, and the paired slits can be axially symmetric or centrally symmetric, etc. The slits can be connected or not connected, and the slits can penetrate the side of the radiating portion or not, etc.

[0061] In a specific example, taking radiator P2 as an example, radiator P2 includes a first side L1, a second side L2, a third side L3, a fourth side L4, a first connecting edge L5, and a second connecting edge L6. The first side L1 and the second side L2 are connected to form a first apex, and the third side L3 and the fourth side L4 are connected to form a second apex. The first apex and the second apex of the same radiator are arranged opposite each other. The first connecting edge L5 connects the first side L1 and the fourth side L4; the second connecting edge L6 connects the second side L2 and the third side L3. The first apex of the two radiators P1 and P2 connecting the first balun assembly 21 are arranged opposite each other, and the first apex of the two radiators P3 and P4 connecting the second balun assembly 22 are also arranged opposite each other. The radiator also includes a third connecting edge L7, which connects the first side L1 and the second side L2.

[0062] The following description uses an example of a radiating portion comprising a first side L1, a second side L2, a third side L3, a fourth side L4, a first connecting edge L5, a second connecting edge L6, and a third connecting edge L7, but this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. In other embodiments, the radiating portion may have other shapes, which are not specifically limited herein.

[0063] In a specific example, the radiating section includes a pair of first slits 31 extending through its thickness direction. Two of the first slits 31 are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating section and respectively penetrate the third side L3 and the fourth side L4 of the radiating section. Each first slit 31 includes a first sub-slit 311, a second sub-slit 312, and a first connecting portion 313. The first sub-slit 311 and the second sub-slit 312 connect the two ends of the first connecting portion 313 and communicate with it. The first sub-slit 311 is closer to the vertex S7 of the second apex than the second sub-slit 312. The midpoint of the line connecting the vertex S6 of the first apex and the vertex S7 of the second apex is the first midpoint S8, and the opening of the first slit 31 is away from the first midpoint S8.

[0064] The radiating section also includes a second slit 32 extending through its thickness direction. The center of the second slit 32 coincides with the first midpoint S8, and the extension direction of the second slit 32 is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the radiating section.

[0065] The radiating section also includes a pair of third slits 33 extending through its thickness direction. Two of the third slits 33 are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating section and respectively penetrate the first side L1 and the second side L2 of the radiating section. Each third slit 33 includes a third sub-slit 331, a fourth sub-slit 332, and a second connecting portion 333. The third sub-slit 331 and the fourth sub-slit 332 are connected to and communicate with the two ends of the second connecting portion 333. The third sub-slit 331 is closer to the vertex S6 of the first apex than the fourth sub-slit 332. The third slit 33 also includes a branch of the first slit 31 connected to and communicating with the third sub-slit 331, and a branch of the second slit 32 connected to and communicating with the fourth sub-slit 332. Both the first slit 31 branch and the second slit 32 branch extend through the radiating section along its thickness direction. The opening of the third slit 33 is away from the first midpoint S8.

[0066] The radiating section also includes a fourth slit 34 extending through its thickness direction. The center of the fourth slit 34 coincides with the first midpoint S8, and the fourth slit 34 extends along the polarization direction of the radiating section.

[0067] The radiating section also includes a fifth slit 35 extending through its thickness direction. The fifth slit 35 is an annular slit located within the area defined by a pair of first slits 31 and a pair of third slits 33. The center of the fifth slit 35 coincides with the first midpoint S8. The second slit 32 and the fourth slit 34 extend through the fifth slit 35 respectively.

[0068] The radiating section also includes a sixth slit 36 ​​extending through its thickness direction. The sixth slit 36 ​​extends along the polarization direction of the radiating section. The first midpoint S8 is located on the extension line of the sixth slit 36, and the sixth slit 36 ​​penetrates the third connecting edge L7.

[0069] In this embodiment, the first balun assembly 21 can be connected to the two radiating portions P1 and P2 via the sixth slit 36, and the second balun assembly 22 can be connected to the two radiating portions P3 and P4 via the sixth slit 36. In other embodiments, the first balun assembly 21 and the second balun assembly 22 can also be connected to the radiating portions in other ways, which are not specifically limited here.

[0070] The following description uses an example of a radiating section comprising a pair of first slits 31, a second slit 32, a pair of third slits 33, a fourth slit 34, a fifth slit 35, and a sixth slit 36, but this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. In other embodiments, the radiating section may also include more or fewer slits of various other shapes, which are not specifically limited herein.

[0071] In this embodiment, the number of branches can be one, three, six, etc., and is not specifically limited here. However, the number of branches should not be too small to avoid insufficient surface current path length at the edge of the radiating part, which could cause standing waves at some frequencies to fail to converge. At least one pair of branches can be connected to the side and / or connecting edge of the radiating part. The position of the connection between at least one pair of branches and the radiating part can be set according to the position of the slit. For example, the connection point between the branch and the radiating part is not located on the extension line of the slit, etc., and is not specifically limited here. The distribution of multiple pairs of branches should not be too dense to avoid coupling between branches, which could change the current path inside the radiating part and thus affect the radiation performance of the radiating element.

[0072] In this embodiment, the size of the stubs can be designed as needed. The stub size should not be too large to avoid excessively increasing the aperture of the radiating element, thus raising costs; the direct size should also not be too small to avoid insufficient extension of the surface current path at the edge of the radiating section, resulting in insignificant improvement in standing wave ratio. Stubs of adjacent radiating sections should not overlap to avoid the synthesis of radiation patterns of the radiating elements.

[0073] The material for the branches can be one or an alloy of several metals such as aluminum and copper.

[0074] In this embodiment, the first balun component 21 and the second balun component 22 can be mounted on the first dielectric substrate 10 via a base, which can be square, circular, hexagonal, etc. The first balun component 21 and the second balun component 22 can also be mounted on the first dielectric substrate 10 in other ways, which are not specifically limited here.

[0075] In this embodiment, the antenna unit further includes a second dielectric substrate 40, which is connected to the end of the first balun assembly 21 and the second balun assembly 22 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10. The radiating portion is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10. At least one pair of branches can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10, or on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10. The branches can be fixed to the second dielectric substrate 40 by means of riveting, copper plating, soldering, etc. The branches can be parallel to the second dielectric substrate 40 or perpendicular to the second dielectric substrate 40.

[0076] In a first embodiment, at least one pair of branches may be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10. In a second embodiment, some branches of at least one pair of branches may be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10, while other branches may be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10; two branches of a pair of branches may be disposed on the same side of the second dielectric substrate 40, or they may be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10 and the surface facing the first dielectric substrate 10, respectively. In a third embodiment, a branch may include multiple sub-segments. Some sub-segments of a branch may be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10, while other sub-segments may be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10. In at least one pair of branches, all sub-segments of some branches may be disposed on the same side of the second dielectric substrate 40, while all sub-segments of other branches may be disposed on both the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10 and the surface facing the first dielectric substrate 10. In a fourth embodiment, at least one pair of branches may also be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10. The specific arrangement of at least one pair of branches is not specifically limited here; detailed explanations are provided below with specific examples.

[0077] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 40 can be FR4 (epoxy glass cloth laminate), RO4003 type high-frequency board, RO4350 type high-frequency board, air, etc.

[0078] In this embodiment, the antenna unit further includes a reflective layer disposed on the surface of the first dielectric substrate 10 facing the radiating portion. The reflective layer is connected to the first reference electrode 212 of the first balun assembly 21 and the second reference electrode 222 of the second balun assembly 22.

[0079] In this embodiment, the antenna unit further includes a third reference electrode layer 50, which is disposed on the surface of the first dielectric substrate 10 opposite to the radiating portion. The third reference electrode can be connected to the reflective layer, and can also be connected to the first reference electrode 212 of the first balun assembly 21 and the second reference electrode 222 of the second balun assembly 22.

[0080] Next, the branch arrangement scheme of the radiating element of the antenna element of this disclosure will be described with reference to several specific examples, but this shall not constitute a limitation of this disclosure.

[0081] In the first example, the structure of the radiating element of the antenna unit is as described above. The radiating part includes the first side L1, the second side L2, the third side L3, the fourth side L4, the first connecting side L5, the second connecting side L6, and the third connecting side L7. Furthermore, the radiating part includes a pair of first slits 31, a second slit 32, a pair of third slits 33, a fourth slit 34, a fifth slit 35, and a sixth slit 36, as described above. For details, please refer to the above text, which will not be repeated here.

[0082] like Figure 3 As shown, in this example, at least one pair of branches includes a pair of first branches 61, which are L-shaped.

[0083] In this example, the arrangement of the first branch 61 is described using the radiating section P2 as an example. For the radiating section P2, a pair of first branches 61 are located at the second apex of the radiating section. Specifically, two of the first branches 61 are connected to the apex S7 of the third side L3 and the fourth side L4 of the radiating section, respectively, near the second apex. Each first branch 61 includes a first line segment 611 and a second line segment 612 connected together, with the first line segment 611 and the second line segment 612 extending in different directions. The first line segment 611 of one pair of first branches 61 is connected to the third side L3, and the first line segment 611 of the other pair is connected to the fourth side L4.

[0084] In a specific example, one of the first line segment 611 and the second line segment 612 of the first branch 61 extends along the third direction D3, and the other extends along the fourth direction D4, with the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4 being orthogonal. In other examples, the angle formed by the third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4 can also be an acute angle, which is not specifically limited here.

[0085] In other examples, the first branch 61 may also include fewer or more line segments, which may have the same or different directions of extension, without being specifically limited here.

[0086] In a specific example, the first line segment 611 of one of the pair of first branches 61 connects the third side L3 between the second intersection point S2 and the vertex S7 of the second apex, and the first line segment 611 of the other connects the fourth side L4 between the third intersection point S3 and the vertex S7 of the second apex.

[0087] In this example, the distance between the connection point of the first line segment 611 of one of the pairs of first branches 61 and the third side L3, and the vertex S7 of the second apex, is the first distance; the distance between the connection point of the first line segment 611 of the other branch and the fourth side L4, and the vertex S7 of the second apex, is the second distance. Those skilled in the art can design the size of the first and second distances as needed, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0088] In this example, the intersection of the extensions of the two second line segments 612 of a pair of first branches 61 is the first intersection point S1, the line connecting the vertex S6 of the first vertices and the vertex S7 of the second vertices is the first straight line, the first intersection point S1 is located on the extension of the first straight line, and the first intersection point S1 is farther away from the vertex S6 of the first vertices than the vertex S7 of the second vertices.

[0089] In other examples, the first branch 61 can also be in more pairs, such as three pairs, five pairs, etc. The first branch 61 can also be in other shapes, such as S-shaped, C-shaped, circular, polygonal, etc., without specific limitations. By connecting a pair of first branches 61 at the vertex S7 near the second apex of the radiating part, the original current path inside the radiating part is not changed, that is, the original radiation performance of the radiating unit is not changed. At the same time, when the surface current of the radiating part flows through the end of the radiating part, it also flows through a pair of first branches 61, which lengthens the current path at the edge of the radiating part, making the surface current distribution at the end of the radiating part more uniform and improving the voltage standing wave ratio of the radiating unit.

[0090] In this example, both first branches 61 may be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10. In other examples, both first branches 61 may be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10, that is, the pair of first branches 61 may be coupled to the radiating portion or connected to the radiating portion through a connecting via; or, one of the first segment 611 and the second segment 612 of the first branch 61 may be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and the other may be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0091] In the second example, the structure of the radiating element of the antenna unit is as described above. The radiating part includes the first side L1, the second side L2, the third side L3, the fourth side L4, the first connecting side L5, the second connecting side L6, and the third connecting side L7. Furthermore, the radiating part includes a pair of first slits 31, a second slit 32, a pair of third slits 33, a fourth slit 34, a fifth slit 35, and a sixth slit 36, as described above. For details, please refer to the above text, which will not be repeated here.

[0092] like Figure 4 As shown, at least one pair of branches includes nine pairs of third branches, and the third branches are linear in shape.

[0093] In this example, the arrangement of branches is illustrated using the radiating section P2 as an example. For the radiating section P2, nine pairs of third branches are connected to the third side L3, the fourth side L4, the first connecting edge L5, and the second connecting edge L6 of the radiating section. Specifically, six pairs of third branches are connected to the third side L3 and the fourth side L4 of the radiating section, and three pairs of third branches are connected to the first connecting edge L5 and the second connecting edge L6 of the radiating section.

[0094] Of the six pairs of third branches connected to the third side L3 and the fourth side L4, one branch in each pair is connected to the third side L3 and the other to the fourth side L4. Of the three pairs of third branches connected to the first connecting side L5 and the second connecting side L6, one branch in each pair is connected to the first connecting side L5 and the other to the second connecting side L6.

[0095] In this example, the intersection point of one of the pair of first slits 31 with the third side L3 is the second intersection point S2, and the intersection point of the other with the fourth side L4 is the third intersection point S3. Of the six pairs of third branches connecting the third side L3 and the fourth side L4, in four pairs of third branches, one branch in each pair is connected to the third side L3 between the second intersection point S2 and the vertex S7 of the second apex, and the other branch is connected to the fourth side L4 between the third intersection point S3 and the vertex S7 of the second apex; in the other two pairs of third branches, one branch in each pair is connected to the third side L3 between the second intersection point S2 and the vertex S6 of the first apex, and the other branch is connected to the fourth side L4 between the third intersection point S3 and the vertex S6 of the first apex.

[0096] In this example, the intersection of the extension of the second slit 32 and the first connecting edge L5 is the fourth intersection point S4, and the intersection of the extension of the second slit 32 and the second connecting edge L6 is the fifth intersection point S5. Of the three pairs of third branches connected to the first connecting edge L5 and the second connecting edge L6, in two pairs of third branches, one branch is connected to the first connecting edge L5 between the fourth intersection point S4 and the vertex S7 of the second vertices, and the other branch is connected to the second connecting edge L6 between the fifth intersection point S5 and the vertex S7 of the second vertices; in another pair of third branches, one branch is connected to the first connecting edge L5 between the fourth intersection point S4 and the vertex S6 of the first vertices, and the other branch is connected to the second connecting edge L6 between the fifth intersection point S5 and the vertex S6 of the first vertices.

[0097] In other examples, at least one pair of branches may include other pairs of third branches, and the number of pairs of third branches connecting to the third side L3, fourth side L4, first connecting edge L5, and second connecting edge L6 of the radial portion may have other arrangements. For example, at least one pair of branches includes six pairs of third branches, wherein two pairs of third branches are connected to the third side L3 and fourth side L4 of the radial portion; one of the third branches in one pair is connected to the third side L3 between the second intersection point S2 and the vertex S7 of the second apex, and the other is connected to the fourth side L4 between the third intersection point S3 and the vertex S7 of the second apex; and one of the third branches in another pair is connected to the third side L3 between the second intersection point S2 and the vertex S6 of the first apex, and the other is connected to the fourth side L4 between the third intersection point S3 and the vertex S6 of the first apex. Four pairs of third branches are connected to the first connecting edge L5 and the second connecting edge L6 of the radial section. In two pairs of third branches, one of each pair is connected to the first connecting edge L5 between the fourth intersection point S4 and the vertex S7 of the second vertices, and the other is connected to the second connecting edge L6 between the fifth intersection point S5 and the vertex S7 of the second vertices. In the other two pairs of third branches, one of each pair is connected to the first connecting edge L5 between the fourth intersection point S4 and the vertex S6 of the first vertices, and the other is connected to the second connecting edge L6 between the fifth intersection point S5 and the vertex S6 of the first vertices.

[0098] In other examples, multiple pairs of third branches may be connected only to the third side L3 and the fourth side L4 of the radiating part, or only to the third side L3 between the second intersection point S2 and the vertex S7 of the second apex, and the fourth side L4 between the third intersection point S3 and the vertex S7 of the second apex, without being specifically limited here.

[0099] like Figure 5 The diagram shown is a top view of a radiating unit in the related art. The radiating part of this radiating unit has the same structure as the radiating part of the present disclosure, except that the radiating part has no connecting branches. After optimization and adjustment, the voltage standing wave ratio of this radiating unit is still greater than 2. Next, the radiation performance and electrical performance of the radiating unit of this example are compared with those of the radiating units in the related art.

[0100] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the directivity coefficient of the radiating element of the antenna unit when no stubs are loaded. Figure 7 The directivity curve of the radiating element after adding a stub is shown. It can be seen that without the stub, the directivity of the radiating element is 8.05-8.5 dBi, and after adding the stub, the directivity of the radiating element is 8.08-8.58 dBi. That is, the directivity of the radiating element does not change much before and after adding the stub.

[0101] Figure 8 This is the horizontal radiation pattern of the radiating element of the antenna unit when no stubs are loaded. Figure 9 The horizontal radiation pattern of the radiating element of the antenna element after adding a stub is shown. It can be seen that without the stub, the horizontal 3dB beamwidth of the radiating element is 62°-67.3°, and after adding the stub, the horizontal 3dB beamwidth of the radiating element is 61°-67.2°. That is, the radiation direction of the radiating element does not change much before and after adding the stub.

[0102] like Figure 10 As shown, S(42,42) is the Smith chart of the radiating element of the antenna unit before adding the stub, and S(42,42)_1 is the Smith chart of the radiating element of the antenna unit after adding the stub. It can be seen that after adding the stub, the Smith chart of the radiating element becomes convergent, indicating that adding the stub has a significant effect on improving the impedance matching of the radiating element.

[0103] like Figure 11 As shown, VSWR(42) is the standing wave ratio of the radiating element of the antenna element before the addition of the stub, and VSWR(42)_1 is the standing wave ratio of the radiating element of the antenna element after the addition of the stub. It can be seen that after the addition of the stub, the standing wave ratio of the radiating element decreased from 2.5 to 1.75, and the impedance was better matched.

[0104] Therefore, it can be seen that by adding stubs on the third side L3, the fourth side L4, the first connecting side L5, and the second connecting side L6 of the radiating part, the original current path inside the radiating part will not be changed, that is, the original radiation performance of the radiating unit will not be changed. At the same time, when the surface current of the radiating part flows through the edge of the radiating part, it also flows through the added stubs, which prolongs the current path at the edge of the radiating part, making the surface current distribution of the radiating part more uniform and improving the voltage standing wave ratio of the radiating unit.

[0105] In other examples, the branches can also be other shapes, such as S-shaped, etc., as long as they can extend the current path at the edge of the radiating part and improve the voltage standing wave ratio of the radiating element, they are all within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0106] In this example, all nine pairs of third branches can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10. In other examples, all nine pairs of third branches can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10, that is, all nine pairs of third branches can be coupled to the radiating portion or connected to the radiating portion through connecting vias; or, some of the third branches can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and other third branches can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0107] In the third example, the structure of the radiating element of the antenna unit is as described above. The radiating part includes the first side L1, the second side L2, the third side L3, the fourth side L4, the first connecting side L5, the second connecting side L6, and the third connecting side L7. Furthermore, the radiating part includes a pair of first slits 31, a second slit 32, a pair of third slits 33, a fourth slit 34, a fifth slit 35, and a sixth slit 36, as described above. For details, please refer to the above text, which will not be repeated here.

[0108] like Figure 12 As shown, the difference from the second example is that at least one pair of branches includes five pairs of branches, of which four pairs are second branches 62, which are U-shaped, and one pair are third branches, which are straight-shaped.

[0109] In this example, the arrangement of branches is illustrated using the radiating section P2 as an example. For the radiating section P2, five pairs of branches are connected to the third side L3, the fourth side L4, the first connecting edge L5, and the second connecting edge L6 of the radiating section. Specifically, three pairs of second branches 62 are connected to the third side L3 and the fourth side L4 of the radiating section, one pair of second branches 62 are connected to the first connecting edge L5 and the second connecting edge L6 of the radiating section, and one pair of third branches are connected to the first connecting edge L5 and the second connecting edge L6 of the radiating section. Each second branch 62 includes a first branch 621, a second branch 622, and a first connecting part 623. The first branch 621 and the second branch 622 are respectively connected to both ends of the first connecting part 623, and the other ends of the first branch 621 and the second branch 622 are connected to the radiating section.

[0110] Of the three pairs of second branches 62 connected to the third side L3 and the fourth side L4, one branch in each pair is connected to the third side L3 and the other to the fourth side L4. Of the pair of second branches 62 connected to the first connecting side L5 and the second connecting side L6, one branch is connected to the first connecting side L5 and the other to the second connecting side L6. Of the pair of third branches connected to the first connecting side L5 and the second connecting side L6, one branch is connected to the first connecting side L5 and the other to the second connecting side L6.

[0111] In this example, the intersection point of one of the pair of first slits 31 with the third side L3 is the second intersection point S2, and the intersection point of the other with the fourth side L4 is the third intersection point S3. Of the three pairs of second branches 62 connecting the third side L3 and the fourth side L4, in two pairs of second branches 62, one branch connects to the third side L3 between the second intersection point S2 and the vertex S7 of the second vertices, and the other branch connects to the fourth side L4 between the third intersection point S3 and the vertex S7 of the second vertices; in another pair of second branches 62, one branch connects to the third side L3 between the second intersection point S2 and the vertex S6 of the first vertices, and the other branch connects to the fourth side L4 between the third intersection point S3 and the vertex S6 of the first vertices.

[0112] In this example, the intersection of the extension of the second slit 32 and the first connecting edge L5 is the fourth intersection point S4, and the intersection of the extension of the second slit 32 and the second connecting edge L6 is the fifth intersection point S5. Of the pair of second branches 62 connected to the first connecting edge L5 and the second connecting edge L6, one second branch 62 is connected to the first connecting edge L5 between the fourth intersection point S4 and the vertex S7 of the second vertices, and the other second branch 62 is connected to the second connecting edge L6 between the fifth intersection point S5 and the vertex S7 of the second vertices. Of the pair of third branches connected to the first connecting edge L5 and the second connecting edge L6, one third branch is connected to the first connecting edge L5 between the fourth intersection point S4 and the vertex S6 of the first vertices, and the other third branch is connected to the second connecting edge L6 between the fifth intersection point S5 and the vertex S6 of the first vertices.

[0113] In other examples, the number of pairs of second branches 62 and the number of pairs of third branches can be different, and there can be other arrangements. For example, at least one pair of branches includes a pair of second branches 62 and a pair of third branches, one of the pair of second branches 62 is connected to the third side L3 between the second intersection point S2 and the vertex S7 of the second vertex, and the other is connected to the fourth side L4 between the third intersection point S3 and the vertex S7 of the second vertex; one of the pair of third branches is connected to the first connecting edge L5 between the fourth intersection point S4 and the vertex S7 of the second vertex, and the other is connected to the second connecting edge L6 between the fifth intersection point S5 and the vertex S7 of the second vertex.

[0114] In other examples, the paired second branches 62 and the paired third branches may be connected only to the third side L3 and the fourth side L4 of the radiating part, or only to the third side L3 between the second intersection point S2 and the vertex S7 of the second apex, and the fourth side L4 between the third intersection point S3 and the vertex S7 of the second apex, without being specifically limited here.

[0115] In this example, all five pairs of branches can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10. In other examples, all five pairs of branches can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10, that is, all five pairs of branches can be coupled to the radiating part or connected to the radiating part through connecting vias; or, one of the second branch 62 and the third branch can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and the other can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0116] The fourth example, such as Figure 13 As shown, the difference from the third example is that the first branch 621 and the second branch 622 of the second branch 62 are disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and the first connecting portion 623 of the second branch 62 is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10. The first branch 621 and the second branch 622 are respectively coupled to the first connecting portion 623 or connected through a connecting via.

[0117] In other examples, the first branch 621 and the second branch 622 of the second branch 62 are disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10, and the first connecting portion 623 of the second branch 62 is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 away from the first dielectric substrate 10. The first branch 621 and the second branch 622 are respectively coupled to the first connecting portion 623 or connected through a connecting via. The first branch 621 and the second branch 622 are respectively coupled to the radiating portion or connected through a connecting via.

[0118] In this example, the third branch can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, or it can be disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 40 facing the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0119] This disclosure provides an electronic device that includes any of the antenna elements described above.

[0120] The electronic device disclosed herein can be any device that communicates by transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves, such as a mobile phone, laptop, car computer, communication vehicle, or base station.

[0121] The electronic device provided in this disclosure also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna unit can function as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the antenna unit processes it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end within the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0122] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate these signals before sending them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signal to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signal before transmitting it to the receiving end.

[0123] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out noise, and then transmits them to the antenna, which radiates the signal. During signal reception, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out noise from the received signal before transmitting it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The received signal is then processed by the power amplifier and signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which in turn transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0124] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0125] In some examples, the electronic device provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier and providing the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying signals.

[0126] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of this utility model, and the utility model is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of this utility model, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An antenna element comprising a first dielectric substrate and at least one radiating element disposed on the first dielectric substrate; the radiating element comprising a first balun assembly and a second balun assembly arranged in a cross configuration, and four radiating portions; the first balun assembly and the second balun assembly are mounted on the first dielectric substrate, and two of the four radiating portions are mounted on one end of the first balun assembly facing away from the first dielectric substrate, and the other two are mounted on one end of the second balun assembly facing away from the first dielectric substrate; wherein, The radiating unit further includes at least one pair of branches connected to the radiating part; two of the branches in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating part.

2. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating portion includes at least a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other; the at least one pair of branches are connected to the third side and the fourth side of the radiating portion.

3. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating portion includes at least a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connected to the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connected to the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other. A pair of first branches are provided at the second apex position. The first branches include a first line segment and a second line segment connected to each other. The first line segment and the second line segment extend in different directions. The first line segment of one of the pair of first branches is connected to the third side, and the first line segment of the other is connected to the fourth side.

4. The antenna element according to claim 3, wherein, The intersection of the extensions of the two second line segments of the pair of first branches is the first intersection point; the line connecting the vertex of the first vertices and the vertex of the second vertices is the first straight line, the first intersection point is located on the extension of the first straight line, and the first intersection point is farther away from the vertex of the first vertices than the vertex of the second vertices.

5. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating portion includes a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, a first connecting edge, and a second connecting edge; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first connecting edge connects the first side and the fourth side; the second connecting edge connects the second side and the third side; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other. At least a portion of the branches are second branches, and the second branch includes a first branch, a second branch, and a first connecting portion, wherein the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting portion; The second branch is connected to the third side, the fourth side, the first connecting side, and the second connecting side.

6. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating portion includes a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other; the midpoint of the line connecting the vertex of the first apex and the vertex of the second apex is the first midpoint; The radiating part further includes a pair of first slits penetrating its thickness direction. The two first slits in the pair are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating part and respectively penetrate the third side and the fourth side of the radiating part. The intersection of one of the first slits with the third side is the second intersection point, and the intersection of the other with the fourth side is the third intersection point. The branch connects to the third side between the second intersection and the vertex of the second apex, and to the fourth side between the third intersection and the vertex of the second apex.

7. The antenna element according to claim 6, wherein, The first slit includes a first sub-slit, a second sub-slit, and a first connecting portion. The first sub-slit and the second sub-slit are connected to both ends of the first connecting portion and are in communication with the first connecting portion. The midpoint of the line connecting the vertex of the first apex and the vertex of the second apex is the first midpoint, and the opening of the first slit is away from the first midpoint. The first sub-slit is closer to the vertex of the second apex than the second sub-slit. The intersection of the first sub-slit of one of the pair of first slits with the third side is the second intersection point, and the intersection of the first sub-slit of the other with the fourth side is the third intersection point.

8. The antenna element according to claim 6, wherein, The radiating part further includes a first connecting edge and a second connecting edge; the first connecting edge connects the first side edge and the fourth side edge; the second connecting edge connects the second side edge and the third side edge; The radiating part further includes a second slit extending through its thickness direction. The midpoint of the line connecting the vertex of the first apex and the second apex is the first midpoint. The center of the second slit coincides with the first midpoint. The extension direction of the second slit is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the radiating part. The intersection of the extension line of the second slit and the first connecting edge is the fourth intersection point. The intersection of the extension line of the second slit and the second connecting edge is the fifth intersection point. The branch connects the fourth side and the first connecting edge between the fourth intersection point and the vertex of the second vertex, the first connecting edge between the fourth intersection point and the vertex of the first vertex, the third side and the second connecting edge between the fifth intersection point and the vertex of the second vertex, and the second connecting edge between the fifth intersection point and the vertex of the first vertex.

9. The antenna element according to claim 8, wherein, At least some of the branches are first branches, and the first branch includes a first branch, a second branch and a first connecting part, wherein the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting part; The first branch connects the fourth side and the first connecting edge between the fourth intersection point and the vertex of the second vertex, and the third side and the second connecting edge between the fifth intersection point and the vertex of the second vertex.

10. The antenna element according to claim 8, wherein, The radiating part further includes a pair of third slits extending through its thickness direction. Two of the third slits are symmetrically arranged along the polarization direction of the radiating part and respectively penetrate the first side and the second side of the radiating part. The third slit includes a third sub-slit, a fourth sub-slit, and a second connecting portion. The third sub-slit and the fourth sub-slit are connected to both ends of the second connecting portion and are in communication with the second connecting portion. The midpoint of the line connecting the vertex of the first apex and the vertex of the second apex is the first midpoint, and the opening of the third slit is away from the first midpoint. The third slit also includes a first slit branch connected and communicating with the third sub-slit, and a second slit branch connected and communicating with the fourth sub-slit, wherein both the first slit branch and the second slit branch penetrate the radiating portion along the thickness direction of the radiating portion.

11. The antenna element according to claim 10, wherein, The radiating part further includes a fourth slit penetrating its thickness direction, the center of the fourth slit coinciding with the first midpoint, and the fourth slit extending along the polarization direction of the radiating part; The radiating part further includes a fifth slit extending through its thickness direction. The fifth slit is an annular slit located within the area defined by a pair of first slits and a pair of third slits. The center of the fifth slit coincides with the first midpoint. The second slit and the fourth slit respectively penetrate the fifth slit.

12. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating portion includes a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other; the midpoint of the line connecting the first apex and the second apex is the first midpoint; The radiating part further includes a third connecting edge connecting the first side and the second side, wherein the interior angle formed by the third connecting edge connecting the first side and the second side is an obtuse angle. The radiating portion further includes a sixth slit extending through its thickness direction, the sixth slit extending along the polarization direction of the radiating portion, the first midpoint being located on the extension line of the sixth slit, and the sixth slit penetrating the third connecting edge.

13. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein, The antenna unit further includes a second dielectric substrate, which is connected to the first balun assembly and the end of the second balun assembly facing away from the first dielectric substrate; the radiating portion is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the first dielectric substrate; the branch is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the first dielectric substrate.

14. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating portion includes a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, a first connecting edge, and a second connecting edge; the first side and the second side are connected to form a first apex, and the third side and the fourth side are connected to form a second apex; the first connecting edge connects the first side and the fourth side; the second connecting edge connects the second side and the third side; the first apex and the second apex are arranged opposite to each other; and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the first balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other, and the first apex of the two radiating portions connecting the second balun assembly are arranged opposite to each other. At least some of the branches are first branches, and the first branch includes a first branch, a second branch, and a first connecting portion. The first branch and the second branch are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting portion. The first branch is connected to the third side, the fourth side, the first connecting edge, and the second connecting edge. The antenna unit further includes a second dielectric substrate, which is connected to the first balun assembly and the end of the second balun assembly facing away from the first dielectric substrate; the radiating portion is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the first dielectric substrate; the first branch and the second branch of the first segment are disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the first dielectric substrate, and the first connecting portion of the first segment is disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate facing the first dielectric substrate.

15. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes a reflective layer disposed on the surface of the first dielectric substrate facing the radiating portion.

16. An electronic device comprising an antenna element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15.

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