Wheel loader

Abstract

The utility model discloses a wheel loader which comprises a front frame and a rear frame, an assembly cavity is arranged in the rear frame, a cab mounting surface is arranged on the outer side of a top plate of the assembly cavity, a cab is arranged on the cab mounting surface, and the middle of the front end of the assembly cavity is hinged to the middle of the rear end of the front frame; first pin shafts are arranged on the left side and the right side of the assembling cavity respectively, the first pin shafts on the left side and the right side are hinged to one ends of two steering oil cylinders respectively, and the other ends of the two steering oil cylinders are hinged to the left side and the right side of the front frame respectively. The top end of the first pin shaft upwards penetrates through the first pin shaft hole of the top plate of the assembly cavity, first disassembly and assembly maintenance holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the cab bottom plate correspondingly, and the first pin shaft holes in the left side and the right side are located below the first disassembly and assembly maintenance holes in the left side and the right side correspondingly. A special hole is formed in the cab bottom plate, so that the first pin shaft behind the steering oil cylinder is convenient to maintain, disassemble and assemble.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wheel loader technology, and in particular to a wheel loader. Background Technology

[0002] Wheel loaders are widely used in sand and gravel plants, concrete mixing plants, railways, highways, mines, metallurgy, and other fields. They are mainly used for shoveling, loading, unloading, and transporting bulk materials, and can also perform light excavation work on native soil. Due to their advantages such as high operating speed, high efficiency, good maneuverability, and easy operation, wheel loaders have become a major type of earthmoving machinery. Because of their long working hours and complex operating conditions, the ergonomic layout of all vulnerable and maintenance parts determines whether the user can conveniently and quickly perform maintenance on the machine. Therefore, whether the overall design layout of the machine maximizes the convenience of subsequent use and maintenance, as well as the comfort of driving, is a crucial factor in evaluating the quality of a wheel loader.

[0003] The current overall layout structure of loaders in China (see...) Figures 1-4 The main components include: existing opening dimensions (20), mounting brackets (30), existing steering cylinders (40), existing hydraulic oil tanks (50), existing cab ladders (60), existing air compressor tanks (70), fuel tanks (80), existing gearbox oil filters (90), engine hood side windows (100), steering cylinder connecting pin holes (110), and front and rear frame connecting pin holes (120). Drivers face numerous inconveniences in daily use and maintenance: 1) The machine's left and right steering is achieved through the steering cylinders of the steering hydraulic system. The steering cylinders are typically positioned with a pin on each of the front and rear frames to connect them. When steering, the steering wheel in the cab is rotated to control the steering gear of the steering system, which in turn controls the oil supply to the steering cylinders. As the steering cylinders move, they push the front frame to rotate along the hinge pins connecting the front and rear frames, thus determining whether the machine turns left or right. Currently, the industry standard for steering cylinders is to be located in the middle of the hinge joint between the front and rear frames, i.e., the steering cylinder is centrally located (see...). Figure 1 In addition, the opening size (20) is not very large, and the central arrangement of the steering cylinder will make the space in the middle of the opening more crowded, and the arrangement of various components will be more crowded, which will cause many inconveniences for the maintenance of the components in the middle of the opening. 2) The four mounting holes of the cab and the rear frame are currently installed by welding the brackets on the rear frame (see Figure 4Whether the four mounting supports (30) are at the same height can only be ensured by welding fixtures, and the impact of welding deformation on the four mounting supports is completely uncontrollable; thus affecting whether the shock-absorbing pads of the four mounting holes in the cab are pressed tightly, ultimately affecting the overall driving comfort of the machine. 3) At present, the hydraulic oil tank and air compressor tank in the industry are generally arranged on the side of the driver's upper and lower cab, that is, on the left side (see Figure 1 The fuel tank is located on the other side (see...). Figure 2 Because hydraulic oil typically doesn't need changing for several months after a single maintenance replacement, and there's no need to check the oil level daily, and the hydraulic oil tank is relatively large with a high capacity, resulting in high maintenance costs for users each time they need to change or replace it. 4) The transmission oil filters are all located inside the hood behind the cab. Maintenance and replacement require opening the side window of the hood, either climbing onto the rear wheel for replacement, or using a ladder outside the rear wheel area, making maintenance extremely inconvenient.

[0004] The existing loader layout has the following shortcomings: 1. The front and rear frame spacing is small, and the steering cylinder is centrally located, resulting in limited maintenance space and causing inconvenience for maintenance. 2. The cab mounting seats are four separate structures welded to the rear frame. Deformation after welding causes the four mounting surfaces to be non-coplanar, affecting the shock absorption effect of the cab's shock-absorbing pads and consequently impacting the overall driving comfort. 3. The hydraulic oil tank is located on the side between the driver's upper and lower cabs. Given the long hydraulic oil change intervals, its placement within the driver's frequently moving area wastes space. Furthermore, the unreasonable design of the hydraulic oil tank results in a large tank volume and a high oil filling capacity, leading to higher costs for each maintenance and oil change.

[0005] Technical problems that need to be solved:

[0006] This addresses the issues of insufficient space for machine maintenance, inconvenient maintenance, high maintenance and oil change costs, and reduced driving comfort. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a wheel loader to solve the problems of insufficient maintenance space and inconvenience of maintenance, high maintenance and oil change costs, and driving comfort.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a wheel loader, including a front frame and a rear frame. The rear frame has an assembly cavity inside, and a cab mounting surface is provided on the outer side of the top plate of the assembly cavity. A cab is mounted on the cab mounting surface. The front center of the assembly cavity is hinged to the rear center of the front frame. First pins are provided on the left and right sides of the assembly cavity, and the first pins on the left and right sides are respectively hinged to one end of two steering cylinders. The other ends of the two steering cylinders are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the front frame. The top of the first pin passes upward through the first pin hole in the top plate of the assembly cavity. First disassembly and maintenance holes are provided on the left and right sides of the cab floor plate, and the first pin holes on the left and right sides are respectively located below the first disassembly and maintenance holes on the left and right sides.

[0009] Furthermore, the first disassembly and maintenance hole is detachably fitted with a first sealing plate.

[0010] Furthermore, a limiting groove is provided at the top of the first pin shaft, and a positioning plate is provided on one side of the first pin shaft hole. The positioning plate is limited and engaged with the limiting groove, and the positioning plate is detachably installed and engaged with the cab mounting surface.

[0011] Furthermore, the positioning plate is provided with two second threaded holes, which are connected to the cab mounting surface by second bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, the top end of the first pin is provided with a first threaded hole, which can be connected to the first bolt.

[0013] Furthermore, the front middle part of the assembly cavity is hinged to the rear middle part of the front frame via a second pin, and the top end of the second pin passes upward through the second pin hole of the top plate of the assembly cavity; the front middle part of the cab floor is provided with a second disassembly and maintenance hole, and the second pin hole is located below the second disassembly and maintenance hole; a second sealing plate can be detachably installed in the second disassembly and maintenance hole, and a reinforcing rib plate is provided on the underside of the cab floor.

[0014] Furthermore, the cab mounting surface is provided with a plurality of cab mounting holes, the cab is mounted on the cab mounting surface through the plurality of cab mounting holes, and a shock-absorbing pad is installed between the cab and the cab mounting holes.

[0015] Furthermore, the two steering cylinders are located on the upper left and upper right sides of the assembly cavity; the assembly cavity also houses a gearbox, which is mounted below the two steering cylinders through gearbox mounting holes. The gearbox is equipped with a transmission control valve and a transmission oil filter, which is close to the front frame. The left and right side walls of the assembly cavity are respectively provided with maintenance windows.

[0016] Furthermore, a cab ladder is provided on one side of the cab, and a hydraulic oil tank, an air compressor tank, and a speed control valve are provided on the other side. The air compressor tank is located below the hydraulic oil tank.

[0017] Furthermore, a bucket is provided at the front end of the front frame, a front wheel is provided below the front frame, and a rear wheel is provided below the rear frame; an engine hood is provided above the rear of the rear frame, and an engine is provided inside the engine hood.

[0018] In summary, the technical solution of this utility model has the following beneficial effects: The structure of this utility model is reasonable. (1) The rear frame is provided with an assembly cavity, the top plate of the assembly cavity is provided with a cab mounting surface, the cab is provided on the cab mounting surface, the front middle part of the assembly cavity is hinged to the rear middle part of the front frame; the left and right sides of the assembly cavity are provided with first pins respectively, the first pins on the left and right sides are respectively hinged to one end of the two steering cylinders, and the other end of the two steering cylinders are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the front frame; thus, the left and right steering of the whole machine is achieved by the two steering cylinders, thereby determining whether the whole machine turns left or right. (2) The top of the first pin passes upward through the first pin hole of the top plate of the assembly cavity, the left and right sides of the cab floor are provided with first disassembly and maintenance holes respectively, and the first pin holes on the left and right sides are respectively located below the first disassembly and maintenance holes on the left and right sides; thus, when it is necessary to repair and disassemble the first pins behind the two steering cylinders, the user can perform repair and disassembly operations downward through the two first disassembly and maintenance holes of the cab floor. As can be seen from the above analysis, this utility model facilitates the maintenance and disassembly of the first pin shaft behind the steering cylinder by opening a special hole in the floor of the cab. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first perspective structure in existing technology;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second perspective structure of existing technology;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third perspective structure in existing technology;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of an existing installation support.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first perspective structure of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second perspective structure of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first view of the structure of this utility model when the driver's cab is removed;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second view of the structure of this utility model when the driver's cab is removed;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the third perspective structure of this utility model when the driver's cab is removed;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first pin shaft and the first disassembly and maintenance hole of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the rear frame structure of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first pin of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning plate of this utility model;

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: front frame (1), rear frame (2), cab (3), first pin (4), steering cylinder (5), positioning plate (6), second pin (7), gearbox (8), cab ladder (9), hydraulic oil tank (10), air compressor tank (11), bucket (12), front wheel (13), rear wheel (14), engine hood (15), opening size (16), steering cylinder pin (17), lower shaft hole (18);

[0033] Assembly cavity (201), cab mounting surface (202), first pin hole (203), second pin hole (204), cab mounting hole (205), maintenance window (206), gearbox mounting hole (207); first disassembly and maintenance hole (301), first sealing plate (302), second disassembly and maintenance hole (303), second sealing plate (304); limit groove (401), first threaded hole (402); second threaded hole (601), second bolt (602); transmission control valve (801), gearbox oil filter (802).

[0034] Existing opening size (20), mounting bracket (30), existing steering cylinder (40), existing hydraulic oil tank (50), existing cab ladder (60), existing air compressor tank (70), fuel tank (80), existing gearbox oil filter (90), engine hood side window (100), steering cylinder connecting pin hole (110), front and rear frame connecting pin holes (120). Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model, but this does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0036] In this utility model, for clearer description, the following explanation is provided: The observer faces the attached... Figure 1 In this observation, the left side of the observer is designated as front, the right side as rear, the front of the observer as right, the rear of the observer as left, the top of the observer as up, and the bottom of the observer as down. It should be noted that the terms "front end," "rear end," "left side," "right side," "middle," "above," and "below" used in this document indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the accompanying drawings. These are merely for the purpose of clearly describing the present invention and do not indicate or imply that the structure or component referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used only for the purpose of clarity or simplification of description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or quantity.

[0037] See Figures 1 to 13This embodiment provides a wheel loader, including a front frame 1 and a rear frame 2. The rear frame 2 has an assembly cavity 201 inside. The top plate of the assembly cavity 201 has a cab mounting surface 202 on its outer side. The cab 3 is mounted on the cab mounting surface 202. The front middle part of the assembly cavity 201 is hinged to the rear middle part of the front frame 1. The left and right sides of the assembly cavity 201 are respectively provided with first pins 4. The first pins 4 on the left and right sides are respectively hinged to one end of two steering cylinders 5. The other ends of the two steering cylinders 5 are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the front frame 1. The top of the first pin 4 passes upward through the first pin hole 203 of the top plate of the assembly cavity 201. The left and right sides of the bottom plate of the cab 3 are respectively provided with first disassembly and maintenance holes 301. The first pin holes 203 on the left and right sides are respectively located below the first disassembly and maintenance holes 301 on the left and right sides. Functions: (1) An assembly cavity is provided inside the rear frame. A cab mounting surface is provided on the outer side of the top plate of the assembly cavity. A cab is provided on the cab mounting surface. The front middle of the assembly cavity is hinged to the rear middle of the front frame. The left and right sides of the assembly cavity are provided with first pins respectively. The first pins on the left and right sides are hinged to one end of two steering cylinders respectively. The other ends of the two steering cylinders are hinged to the left and right sides of the front frame respectively. Thus, the left and right steering of the whole machine is achieved by two steering cylinders, thereby determining whether the whole machine turns left or right. (2) The top of the first pin passes upward through the first pin hole of the top plate of the assembly cavity. The left and right sides of the cab floor are provided with first disassembly and maintenance holes respectively. The first pin holes on the left and right sides are located below the first disassembly and maintenance holes on the left and right sides respectively. Thus, when it is necessary to repair and disassemble the first pins behind the two steering cylinders, the user can perform repair and disassembly operations downward through the two first disassembly and maintenance holes of the cab floor. As can be seen from the above analysis, this utility model facilitates the maintenance and disassembly of the first pin shaft behind the steering cylinder by opening a special hole in the floor of the cab.

[0038] Specifically, the first disassembly and maintenance hole 301 is detachably fitted with a first sealing plate 302. Its function is to shield the first disassembly and maintenance hole 301 under normal conditions, thus providing protection.

[0039] Specifically, the top of the first pin 4 is provided with a limiting groove 401, and a positioning plate 6 is provided on one side of the first pin hole 203. The positioning plate 6 is in a limiting fit with the limiting groove 401, and the positioning plate 6 is detachably installed and fitted with the cab mounting surface 202. Function: The limiting groove is opened on the first pin 4 (see...) Figure 12 The first pin 4 is fixed on the rear frame with a positioning plate to facilitate the limiting of the first pin shaft 4.

[0040] Specifically, the positioning plate 6 is provided with two second threaded holes 601, which are connected to the cab mounting surface 202 by second bolts 602. Function: The positioning plate is fixed to the vehicle frame with two bolts (see...). Figure 11 and Figure 13 This allows for detachment. Preferably, the other ends of the two steering cylinders 5 are hinged to the left and right sides of the front frame 1 via steering cylinder pins 17.

[0041] Specifically, the top end of the first pin 4 is provided with a first threaded hole 402, which can be connected to the first bolt. Function: The upper end face of the pin is provided with a first threaded hole 402 (see...). Figure 12 When removing the pin, tighten the first bolt in the threaded hole of the pin, and then use a special pin puller to pull out the first pin from the first disassembly and maintenance hole in the cab.

[0042] Specifically, the front center of the assembly cavity 201 is hinged to the rear center of the front frame 1 via a second pin 7. The top of the second pin 7 passes upward through the second pin hole 204 in the top plate of the assembly cavity 201. A second disassembly and maintenance hole 303 is provided at the front center of the cab 3 floor plate, and the second pin hole 204 is located below the second disassembly and maintenance hole 303. A second sealing plate 304 is detachably installed in the second disassembly and maintenance hole 303, and a reinforcing rib is provided on the underside of the cab 3 floor plate. Function: To increase the hinge space between the front and rear frames, and with the steering cylinder mounted on top, a special hole is made in the cab floor plate to facilitate the maintenance and disassembly of the first pin 4 behind the steering cylinder and the second pin 7 connecting the front and rear frames. Normally, a sealing plate is used for shielding. To ensure the strength of the cab floor plate, a reinforcing rib is added to the underside of the floor plate for reinforcement (see...). Figure 9 and Figure 10 The second pin 7 connecting the front and rear frames is also removed from the hole in the cab floor, which solves the problem of difficulty in removing the pin after increasing the opening size of the front and rear frames and the top mounting of the steering cylinder. Preferably, the bottom end of the second pin 7 mates with the lower shaft hole 18.

[0043] Specifically, the cab mounting surface 202 has several cab mounting holes 205. The cab 3 is mounted on the cab mounting surface 202 through these holes 205. A shock-absorbing pad is installed between the cab 3 and the cab mounting holes 205. Function: By designing the four cab mounting holes on the same plane on the frame, this plane can be machined after welding to ensure that the four mounting holes are at the same height, thus ensuring the shock absorption effect of the shock-absorbing pad installed between the cab and the frame and improving driving comfort (see...). Figure 7 ).

[0044] Specifically, the two steering cylinders 5 are located on the upper left and upper right sides of the assembly cavity 201; the assembly cavity 201 also houses a gearbox 8, which is mounted below the two steering cylinders 5 through gearbox mounting holes 207. The gearbox 8 is equipped with a transmission control valve 801 and a gearbox oil filter 802, which is located near the front frame 1. Maintenance windows 206 are provided on the left and right side walls of the assembly cavity 201. Function: When the hinge opening size 16 between the front and rear frames is increased, the steering cylinders are positioned at the top, which maximizes the space for the hinge opening between the front and rear frames (see...). Figure 5 and Figure 7 This facilitates routine maintenance by repair personnel; the location of the transmission control valve and gearbox is indicated by a maintenance window on the frame, allowing for easy maintenance and replacement (see...). Figure 6 and Figure 11 ).

[0045] Specifically, a cab ladder 9 is located below one side of the cab 3, and a hydraulic oil tank 10, an air compressor tank 11, and a transmission control valve 801 are located below the other side. The air compressor tank 11 is located below the hydraulic oil tank 10. Function: To place the hydraulic oil tank and air compressor tank, which require less frequent replacement and maintenance, on the other side of the driver's cab (see...). Figure 6 The hydraulic oil tank is located on the same side as the transmission shift control valve; defoaming measures can be used inside the hydraulic oil tank, resulting in a smaller tank size and less oil volume, while still meeting the temperature requirements for overall hydraulic oil heat dissipation balance; the air compressor tank is directly located at the bottom of the hydraulic oil tank, resulting in a compact layout, high space utilization, and reduced costs for each hydraulic oil change, leading to lower maintenance costs; the transmission oil filter can be located on the side of the hydraulic oil tank near the hinge center, within easy reach for maintenance personnel, facilitating regular inspection and replacement (see...). Figure 8 ).

[0046] Specifically, the front frame 1 has a bucket 12 at its front end, a front wheel 13 at its lower end, and a rear wheel 14 at its lower end; the rear frame 2 has an engine hood 15 at its upper rear, and the engine is housed inside the engine hood 15. Function: The front and rear wheels can drive the entire machine forward.

[0047] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is to construct a brand-new loader layout, which can facilitate the daily maintenance and repair of users, and fully start from the perspective of convenient maintenance for drivers, so as to maximize the user experience of drivers.

[0048] This utility model can be applied to loaders that meet the National IV emission standards or above, and of course, it can also be applied to other loaders.

[0049] The differences between this technical solution and existing technologies are as follows:

[0050] Compared with existing technologies, this technical solution solves the problems of convenience for drivers in daily maintenance, cost-effectiveness of maintenance, and overall driving comfort.

[0051] Improvement effects: This utility model has a novel structure and reasonable layout, which has high maintenance convenience, driving comfort and safety, making it safer to use. Installation and maintenance are also more convenient and simple, solving the problems of inconvenient daily maintenance and high maintenance costs of loaders.

[0052] The above description is the preferred embodiment of this utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A wheel loader, comprising a front frame (1) and a rear frame (2), characterized in that: The rear frame (2) has an assembly cavity (201) inside. The top plate of the assembly cavity (201) has a cab mounting surface (202) on its outer side. The cab (3) is mounted on the cab mounting surface (202). The front middle part of the assembly cavity (201) is hinged to the rear middle part of the front frame (1). The left and right sides of the assembly cavity (201) are respectively provided with first pins (4). The first pins (4) on the left and right sides are respectively hinged to one end of two steering cylinders (5). The other ends of the two steering cylinders (5) are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the front frame (1). The top of the first pin (4) passes upward through the first pin hole (203) of the top plate of the assembly cavity (201). The left and right sides of the bottom plate of the cab (3) are respectively provided with first disassembly and maintenance holes (301). The first pin holes (203) on the left and right sides are respectively located below the first disassembly and maintenance holes (301) on the left and right sides.

2. The wheel loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first disassembly and maintenance hole (301) is detachably fitted with a first sealing plate (302).

3. A wheel loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first pin (4) has a limiting groove (401) at its top end, and a positioning plate (6) is provided on one side of the first pin hole (203). The positioning plate (6) is in a limiting fit with the limiting groove (401), and the positioning plate (6) is detachably installed and fitted with the cab mounting surface (202).

4. A wheel loader according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning plate (6) is provided with two second threaded holes (601), and the second threaded holes (601) are connected to the cab mounting surface (202) by second bolts (602).

5. A wheel loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first pin (4) has a first threaded hole (402) at its top end, which can be connected to the first bolt.

6. A wheel loader according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The front end of the assembly cavity (201) is hinged to the rear end of the front frame (1) via a second pin (7). The top end of the second pin (7) passes upward through the second pin hole (204) on the top plate of the assembly cavity (201). The front end of the cab (3) floor plate is provided with a second disassembly and maintenance hole (303). The second pin hole (204) is located below the second disassembly and maintenance hole (303). The second disassembly and maintenance hole (303) is detachably fitted with a second sealing plate (304). A reinforcing rib is provided on the underside of the cab (3) floor plate.

7. A wheel loader according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The cab mounting surface (202) is provided with a plurality of cab mounting holes (205), and the cab (3) is mounted on the cab mounting surface (202) through the plurality of cab mounting holes (205). A shock-absorbing pad is installed between the cab (3) and the cab mounting holes (205).

8. A wheel loader according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The two steering cylinders (5) are located on the upper left and upper right sides of the assembly cavity (201); the assembly cavity (201) is also equipped with a gearbox (8), which is installed below the two steering cylinders (5) through the gearbox mounting hole (207). The gearbox (8) is equipped with a transmission control valve (801) and a transmission oil filter (802). The transmission oil filter (802) is close to the front frame (1). The left and right side walls of the assembly cavity (201) are respectively equipped with maintenance windows (206).

9. A wheel loader according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cab (3) has a cab ladder (9) on one side below the left and right sides, and a hydraulic oil tank (10) and an air compressor tank (11) and the speed control valve (801) on the other side below the other side. The air compressor tank (11) is located below the hydraulic oil tank (10).

10. A wheel loader according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The front frame (1) is provided with a bucket (12) at the front end, and a front wheel (13) is provided below the front frame (1). The rear frame (2) is provided with a rear wheel (14) below the rear frame (2). An engine hood (15) is provided above the rear of the rear frame (2), and an engine is provided inside the engine hood (15).

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