Self-adaptive micro-vacuum dust locking device for grain unloading

Abstract

The utility model discloses a self-adaptive micro-vacuum dust locking device for grain unloading. The self-adaptive micro-vacuum dust locking device comprises a grain storage closed air cylinder and a self-adaptive hopper, the grain storage closed air cylinder is of a hollow cylindrical structure with two open ends; the self-adaptive hopper comprises a sleeve and a hopper body which are connected up and down; the hopper body is of a hollow circular-truncated-cone-shaped structure with the two ends open, and the sleeve is of a hollow cylindrical structure with the two ends open. The bottom surface of the sleeve is connected with the large bottom of the hopper body; the sleeve is sleeved outside the grain storage closed-air cylinder in an up-down sliding manner, and the inner wall of the sleeve is tightly attached to the outer wall of the grain storage closed-air cylinder; a damping mechanism for limiting the sleeve from sliding down is connected between the sleeve and the grain storage closed air cylinder; a material distributing mechanism is hung in the hopper body; the material distributing mechanism is formed by connecting an upper cone and a lower cone with the same bottom surface, the bottom surface of the upper cone is connected with the bottom surface of the lower cone, and the tip end of the lower cone faces downwards; the bottom surface diameter of the upper cone is not smaller than the small bottom diameter of the hopper body; the vertex angle of the upper cone is smaller than that of the lower cone; and the axes of the grain storage closed air cylinder, the self-adaptive hopper and the material distribution mechanism coincide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The technical solution belongs to the field of grain and oil machinery technology, specifically an adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading. Background Technology

[0002] During open-type grain conveying and loading processes, dust is easily generated during unloading, which can affect the environment and the health of operators, and even pose a risk of dust explosion.

[0003] Current unloading methods mostly involve materials being discharged directly from the grain conveyor or unloading pipe, inevitably resulting in grain dust spillage. Some methods use mechanical suction devices, which require fans, dust collectors, pipelines, etc., making them complex in structure and resulting in high operating and maintenance costs.

[0004] There is an urgent need for an energy-saving and environmentally friendly dust-proof device for grain unloading in open grain conveying and unloading processes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the dust generation issue during open grain conveying and loading / unloading, this invention proposes an adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading that requires no additional power. Specifically:

[0006] An adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading includes: a grain storage closed-loop duct and an adaptive hopper; (the grain storage closed-loop duct is connected to a connecting mechanism for connecting grain outlet pipes such as grain silos, such as a flange connection mechanism, etc.)

[0007] The grain storage duct is a hollow cylindrical structure with open ends;

[0008] The adaptive hopper includes a sleeve and a hopper body connected at the top and bottom; the hopper body is a hollow frustum-shaped structure with open ends, and the sleeve is a hollow cylindrical structure with open ends; the bottom surface of the sleeve is connected to the large bottom of the hopper body, and the small bottom of the hopper body faces downwards.

[0009] The sleeve is fitted over the closed air duct of the grain storage from bottom to top, and the sleeve slides up and down. The inner wall of the sleeve is in close contact with the outer wall of the closed air duct of the grain storage. A damping mechanism is connected between the sleeve and the closed air duct of the grain storage to limit the downward movement of the sleeve.

[0010] A material distribution mechanism is suspended inside the hopper. The top of the material distribution mechanism is connected to the closed air duct of the grain storage through a connecting mechanism. The material distribution mechanism is composed of two cones with the same bottom surface connected together. The bottom surface of the upper cone is connected to the bottom surface of the lower cone, and the tip of the lower cone faces downward. The diameter of the bottom surface of the upper cone is not less than the small bottom diameter of the hopper. The apex angle of the upper cone is less than the apex angle of the lower cone.

[0011] The axes of the grain storage duct, the adaptive hopper, and the material distribution mechanism are coincident;

[0012] Furthermore, in the material distribution mechanism, the apex angle of the upper cone is an acute angle or a right angle, while the apex angle of the lower cone is an obtuse angle.

[0013] Specifically, the damping mechanism is a tension spring, with its two ends connected to the closed-loop storage duct and the adaptive hopper, respectively; there are multiple tension springs, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the closed-loop storage duct.

[0014] Depending on the actual working conditions, the damping mechanism can also be a non-powered pneumatic rod, etc. Non-powered damping mechanisms are suitable for scenarios with small discharge volumes. If the discharge volume is large, a powered pneumatic / hydraulic cylinder, or an electric push rod, etc., can be used. The two ends of these devices are connected to the grain storage duct and the adaptive hopper, respectively.

[0015] Specifically, the connection mechanism between the material distribution mechanism and the closed-loop storage duct includes: a cylindrical connecting rod and a support;

[0016] The bottom end of the cylindrical connecting rod is connected to the upper cone, and the two are coaxial. The outer wall of the connection position between the cylindrical connecting rod and the upper cone is smoothly transitioned.

[0017] The support frame is sheet-like, and there are multiple supports that are symmetrical about the axis of the closed-loop grain storage duct.

[0018] The first end of the support is connected to the inner wall of the closed-loop storage duct, and the last end of the support is connected to the cylindrical connecting rod. The sides of the sheet-like support are vertical.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a vertical adjustment mechanism for the material distribution mechanism;

[0020] The adjusting mechanism includes a bushing and a nut; the upper part of the cylindrical connecting rod passes through the hollow of the bushing from bottom to top, and the cylindrical connecting rod and the bushing are in close contact; an external thread is opened on the upper outer wall of the cylindrical connecting rod, and the corresponding nut is screwed into the external thread, and the nut is above the bushing.

[0021] The bushing is connected to the tail end of the bracket.

[0022] The nut is fixed to the bushing; at the top of the cylindrical connecting rod is an external hexagonal prism corresponding to a standard external hexagonal wrench; the top of the external hexagonal prism is spherical, and the outer wall of the external hexagonal prism and the top of the cylindrical connecting rod are smoothly transitioned.

[0023] The principle of this device for micro-vacuum dust locking is as follows:

[0024] refer to Figure 3 When the grain is discharged, the upper grain storage duct creates a closed space filled with grain (e.g., cereals) inside the device. When the cereal 16 flows through the upper cone of the distributing mechanism, the reduced cross-sectional area of ​​the channel accelerates the discharge, causing the outside air to not have time to fill upwards (inwards), thus creating a micro-vacuum region 14 at the bottom of the lower cone of the distributing mechanism.

[0025] With the assistance of an air-closed adaptive hopper and a damping mechanism (such as a tension spring), the discharged grain is constrained into a concentric (and hollow) cylinder (called a "grain column") with a uniform outer diameter and uniform grain layer wall thickness. The internal cavity of this hollow cylindrical grain fluid is also connected to the aforementioned micro-vacuum environment.

[0026] Under the negative pressure of a micro-vacuum, the dust that tries to escape from inside and outside the grain column 14 is firmly locked inside the grain column.

[0027] The experiment showed that the grain column could effectively lock the escaping dust within a falling length of 6 meters, and due to the negative pressure siphon effect of the micro-vacuum, the grain column could always maintain a regular (hollow) cylindrical shape.

[0028] The adjustment mechanism is used when the tension spring cannot adapt to the material output range, i.e., the actual output exceeds the adaptive design range (too high or too low). It allows adjustment of the distance between the distributing cone and the adaptive hopper (e.g., ...). Figure 1 The letter A is used to indicate these special working conditions.

[0029] The main technical effects of this invention are:

[0030] This adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading is suitable for open unloading of various grains and can also be used for other small granular materials with good flowability.

[0031] Through the combined action of the closed-loop storage duct, the self-adaptive closed-loop hopper, the angled cone of the distribution mechanism, the adjustment mechanism, and the damping mechanism (tension spring), the system adapts to different flow rates during unloading, creating a micro-vacuum dust-locking state. Dust in the material is trapped within the unloading grain column, significantly improving the working environment and enhancing on-site safety. Even when the grain column falls from a height of 6 meters, dust is still effectively locked. In the commercialized version, the entire device is constructed of wear-resistant steel, increasing its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device in this embodiment;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive hopper retraction state;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the unloading state of the adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device in this embodiment;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the connecting mechanism.

[0036] In the diagram, the components are: 1. Grain storage duct with closed ventilation; 2. Adaptive hopper; 3. Sleeve; 4. Hopper body; 5. Damping mechanism (tension spring); 6. Distributing mechanism; 7. Upper cone; 8. Lower cone; 9. Cylindrical connecting rod; 10. Support; 11. Bushing; 12. Nut; 13. Outer hexagonal prism; 14. Micro-vacuum area; 15. Grain column; 16. Grain. Figure 3 The arrows in the text indicate the direction of airflow or airflow trend. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present solution will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 An adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading includes: a grain storage closed air duct 1 and an adaptive hopper 2;

[0039] The grain storage duct is a hollow cylindrical structure with open ends;

[0040] The adaptive hopper includes a sleeve 3 and a hopper body 4 connected vertically; the hopper body is a hollow frustum-shaped structure with open ends, and the sleeve is a hollow cylindrical structure with open ends; the bottom surface of the sleeve is connected to the large bottom of the hopper body, and the small bottom of the hopper body faces downward.

[0041] The sleeve slides up and down over the outer wall of the grain storage duct, with the inner wall of the sleeve in close contact with the outer wall of the grain storage duct (a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant layer can be placed between the two); a damping mechanism 5 is connected between the sleeve and the grain storage duct to limit the sleeve from sliding down.

[0042] A material distribution mechanism 6 is suspended inside the hopper. The top of the material distribution mechanism is connected to the grain storage duct via a connecting mechanism. The material distribution mechanism is composed of two cones with the same bottom surface. The bottom surface of the upper cone 7 is connected to the bottom surface of the lower cone 8, and the tip of the lower cone faces downward. The diameter of the bottom surface of the upper cone is not less than the small bottom diameter of the hopper. The apex angle of the upper cone is less than the apex angle of the lower cone.

[0043] The axes of the grain storage duct, the adaptive hopper, and the material distribution mechanism are aligned.

[0044] In the material distribution mechanism, the apex angle of the upper cone is an acute angle or a right angle, and the apex angle of the lower cone is an obtuse angle.

[0045] In this example, the damping mechanism 5 is a tension spring, with its two ends connected to the grain storage duct 1 and the adaptive hopper 2, respectively; there are multiple tension springs, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the grain storage duct.

[0046] Further reference Figure 4 In this example, the connection mechanism between the material distribution mechanism and the grain storage duct includes: a cylindrical connecting rod 9 and a support 10;

[0047] The bottom end of the cylindrical connecting rod is connected to the upper cone 7, and the two are coaxial. The outer wall of the connection position between the cylindrical connecting rod and the upper cone is smoothly transitioned. The support 10 is plate-shaped, and there are multiple supports. They are symmetrical about the axis of the grain storage duct 1. The first end of the support is connected to the inner wall of the grain storage duct, and the last end of the support is connected to the cylindrical connecting rod. The side of the plate-shaped support is vertical.

[0048] In this example, a vertical adjustment mechanism for the material distribution mechanism is also included;

[0049] The adjusting mechanism includes a bushing 11 and a nut 12; the upper part of the cylindrical connecting rod 9 passes through the hollow of the bushing from bottom to top, and the cylindrical connecting rod and the bushing are in close contact; an external thread is opened on the upper outer wall of the cylindrical connecting rod, and the corresponding nut is screwed into the external thread, and the nut 12 is above the bushing 11; the bushing 11 is connected to the tail end of the bracket 10.

[0050] The nut is fixed to the bushing; at the top of the cylindrical connecting rod is an external hexagonal prism 13 corresponding to a standard external hexagonal wrench; the top of the external hexagonal prism is spherical, and the outer wall of the external hexagonal prism and the top of the cylindrical connecting rod are smoothly transitioned.

[0051] In this embodiment, the upper part of the closed-loop storage duct is the feed inlet, and the lower part is an airtight adaptive hopper. This adaptive hopper is designed with an adjustment mechanism and a tension spring, and the hopper's angle with the horizontal plane is 40-60 degrees. The dispensing mechanism consists of two inverted cones, with the upper cone (cone angle / apex angle) having an acute included angle and the lower cone (cone angle / apex angle) having an obtuse included angle. When there is no material, the adaptive hopper retracts under the action of the tension spring. When there is material, it adopts an adaptive dispensing state under the constraint of the tension spring.

[0052] During the trial production, corn with a moisture content of 14% to 38%, wheat with a moisture content of 12% to 30%, and rice with a moisture content of 14% to 30% were all discharged smoothly, and a micro-vacuum dust-locking area was effectively formed at the bottom of the material distribution mechanism when in adaptive discharge mode.

Claims

1. An adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading, characterized in that... include: Grain storage duct with closed ventilation and self-adaptive hopper; The grain storage duct is a hollow cylindrical structure with open ends; The adaptive hopper includes a sleeve and a hopper body connected at the top and bottom; the hopper body is a hollow frustum-shaped structure with open ends, and the sleeve is a hollow cylindrical structure with open ends; the bottom surface of the sleeve is connected to the large bottom of the hopper body, and the small bottom of the hopper body faces downwards. The sleeve is fitted over the closed air duct of the grain storage from bottom to top, and the sleeve slides up and down. The inner wall of the sleeve is in close contact with the outer wall of the closed air duct of the grain storage. A damping mechanism is connected between the sleeve and the closed air duct of the grain storage to limit the downward movement of the sleeve. A material distribution mechanism is suspended inside the hopper. The top of the material distribution mechanism is connected to the closed air duct of the grain storage through a connecting mechanism. The material distribution mechanism is composed of two cones with the same bottom surface connected together. The bottom surface of the upper cone is connected to the bottom surface of the lower cone, and the tip of the lower cone faces downward. The diameter of the bottom surface of the upper cone is not less than the small bottom diameter of the hopper. The apex angle of the upper cone is less than the apex angle of the lower cone. The axes of the grain storage duct, the adaptive hopper, and the material distribution mechanism are aligned.

2. The adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the material distribution mechanism, the apex angle of the upper cone is an acute angle or a right angle, and the apex angle of the lower cone is an obtuse angle.

3. The adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping mechanism is a tension spring, with its two ends connected to the closed-loop storage duct and the adaptive hopper, respectively. There are multiple tension springs, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the closed-loop storage duct.

4. The adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection mechanism between the material distribution mechanism and the closed-loop storage duct includes: Cylindrical connecting rod and support; The bottom end of the cylindrical connecting rod is connected to the upper cone, and the two are coaxial. The outer wall of the connection position between the cylindrical connecting rod and the upper cone is smoothly transitioned. The support frame is sheet-like, and there are multiple supports that are symmetrical about the axis of the closed-loop grain storage duct. The first end of the support is connected to the inner wall of the closed-loop storage duct, and the last end of the support is connected to the cylindrical connecting rod. The sides of the sheet-like support are vertical.

5. The adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a vertical adjustment mechanism for the material distribution mechanism; The adjusting mechanism includes a bushing and a nut; the upper part of the cylindrical connecting rod passes through the hollow of the bushing from bottom to top, and the cylindrical connecting rod and the bushing are in close contact; an external thread is opened on the upper outer wall of the cylindrical connecting rod, and the corresponding nut is screwed into the external thread, and the nut is above the bushing. The bushing is connected to the tail end of the bracket.

6. The adaptive micro-vacuum dust-locking device for grain unloading according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nut is fixed to the bushing; at the top of the cylindrical connecting rod is an external hexagonal prism corresponding to a standard external hexagonal wrench; the top of the external hexagonal prism is spherical, and the outer wall of the external hexagonal prism and the top of the cylindrical connecting rod are smoothly transitioned.

Images